--- title: "select" manual: "TypoScript Explained" version: "13.4" permalink: "https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:select@13.4" source: "Functions/Select.rst" rendered: "2026-09-18T10:44:33+00:00" --- # select {#select} This object generates an SQL-select statement to select records from the database. Some records are hidden or timed by start- and end-times. This is automatically added to the SQL-select by looking for "enablefields" in the `$GLOBALS['TCA']`. > [!WARNING] > Do not use GET or POST data like GPvar directly with this object! > Avoid [SQL injections](https://docs.typo3.org/m/typo3/reference-coreapi/13.4/en-us/Security/TypesOfThreats/Index.html#security-sql-injection)! Don't trust > any external data! Secure any unknown data, for example with > [](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap-intval@13.4). - [Properties](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:properties@13.4) - [Quoting of fields](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:quoting-of-fields@13.4) - [Example](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:example@13.4) ## Properties {#select-properties} ### uidInList {#select-uidinlist} - **uidInList** - *Type:* *list of record uids* / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) Comma-separated list of record uids from the according database table. For example when the select function works on the table `tt_content`, then this will be uids of `tt_content` records. **Note:** `this` is a *special keyword* and replaced with the id of the *current record*. > [!WARNING] > **Attention** > > [pidInList](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:select-pidinlist@13.4) defaults to `this`. > Therefore by default only records > from the current page are available for `uidInList`. If records > should be fetched globally, `pidInList = 0` should also be set. **Example** **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript select { uidInList = 1,2,3 pidInList = 0 } select.uidInList = this ``` ### pidInList {#select-pidinlist} - **pidInList** - *Type:* *list of page uids* / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) - *Default:* `this` Comma-separated list of pids of the record. This will be page uids (pids). For example when the select function works on the table tt_content, then this will be pids of tt_content records, the parent pages of these records. Pages in the list, which are not visible for the website user, *are automatically removed* from the list. Thereby no records from hidden, timed or access-protected pages will be selected! Nor will be records from recyclers. Exception: The hidden pages will be listed in *preview mode*. - ****Special keyword:** `this`** Is replaced with the id of the current page. - ****Special keyword:** `root`** Allows to select records from the root-page level (records with pid=0, e.g. useful for the table "sys_category" and others). - ****Special value:** `-1`** Allows to select versioned records in workspaces directly. - ****Special value:** `0`** Allows to disable the `pid` constraint completely. Requirements: `uidInList` *must* be set or the table *must* have the prefix "static\_\*". > [!NOTE] > Check the doktype of your backend page. If you are trying to fetch records from > a sys_folder for example, the `$cObj->checkPid_badDoktypeList` method will insert the > following SQL into your query: > > ```sql > [...]WHERE (`your_requested_table_name`.`uid` = 0) AND [...] > ``` > > Which might result in an empty query result, depending on your records. **Example** Fetch related `sys_category` records stored in the MM intermediate table: **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript 10 = CONTENT 10 { table = sys_category select { pidInList = root,-1 selectFields = sys_category.* join = sys_category_record_mm ON sys_category_record_mm.uid_local = sys_category.uid where.data = field:_ORIG_uid // field:uid where.intval = 1 where.wrap = sys_category_record_mm.uid_foreign=| orderBy = sys_category_record_mm.sorting_foreign languageField = 0 # disable translation handling of sys_category } } ``` ### recursive {#select-recursive} - **recursive** - *Type:* [integer](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-integer@13.4) / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) - *Default:* 0 Number of recursive levels for the pidInList. > [!NOTE] > `recursive` is ignored for *special keyword* `pidInList=root`. ### orderBy {#select-orderby} - **orderBy** - *Type:* *SQL-orderBy* / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) ORDER BY clause without the words "ORDER BY". **Example** **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript orderBy = sorting, title ``` ### groupBy {#select-groupby} - **groupBy** - *Type:* *SQL-groupBy* / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) GROUP BY clause without the words "GROUP BY". **Example** **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript groupBy = CType ``` ### max {#select-max} - **max** - *Type:* [integer](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-integer@13.4) \+ [Calc](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:objects-calc@13.4) +"total" / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) Max records **Special keyword:** "total" is substituted with `count(*)`. ### begin {#select-begin} - **begin** - *Type:* [integer](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-integer@13.4) \+ [Calc](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:objects-calc@13.4) +"total" / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) Begin with record number *value*. - ****Special keyword:** `total`** Is substituted with `count(*)`. ### where {#select-where} - **where** - *Type:* *SQL-where* / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) WHERE clause without the word "WHERE". **Example** **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript where = (title LIKE '%SOMETHING%' AND NOT doktype) ``` Use `{#fieldname}` to make the database framework quote these fields: **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript where = ({#title} LIKE {#%SOMETHING%} AND NOT {#doktype}) ``` ### languageField {#select-languagefield} - **languageField** - *Type:* [string](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-string@13.4) / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) This defaults to whatever is defined in TCA "ctrl"-section in the "languageField". Change it to overwrite the behaviour in your query. By default all records that have language-relevant information in the TCA "ctrl"-section are translated on translated pages. This behaviour can be disabled by setting `languageField = 0`. ### includeRecordsWithoutDefaultTranslation {#select-includerecordswithoutdefaulttranslation} - **includeRecordsWithoutDefaultTranslation** - *Type:* [boolean](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-boolean@13.4) / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) - *Default:* 0 If content language overlay is activated and the option `languageField` is not disabled, `includeRecordsWithoutDefaultTranslation` allows to additionally fetch records, which do **not** have a parent in the default language. ### selectFields {#select-selectfields} - **selectFields** - *Type:* [string](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-string@13.4) / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) - *Default:* \* List of fields to select, or `count(*)`. If the records need to be localized, please include the relevant localization-fields (uid, pid, languageField and transOrigPointerField). Otherwise the TYPO3 internal localization will not succeed. ### join, leftjoin, rightjoin {#select-join} - **join, leftjoin, rightjoin** - *Type:* [string](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-string@13.4) / [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4) Enter the JOIN clause without `JOIN`, `LEFT OUTER JOIN` and `RIGHT OUTER JOIN` respectively. **Example** Fetch related `sys_category` records stored in the MM intermediate table: **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript 10 = CONTENT 10 { table = sys_category select { pidInList = root,-1 selectFields = sys_category.* join = sys_category_record_mm mm ON mm.uid_local = sys_category.uid # .... } } ``` See [pidInList](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:select-pidinlist@13.4) for more examples. ### markers {#select-markers} - **markers** - *Type:* *(array of markers)* The markers defined in this section can be used, wrapped in the usual ###markername### way, in any other property of select. Each value is properly escaped and quoted to prevent SQL injection problems. This provides a way to safely use external data (e.g. database fields, GET/POST parameters) in a query. Available sub-properties: - **\.value (value)** Sets the value directly. - **\.commaSeparatedList ([boolean](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-boolean@13.4))** If set, the value is interpreted as a comma-separated list of values. Each value in the list is individually escaped and quoted. - **(stdWrap properties ...)** All stdWrap properties can be used for each markername. > [!WARNING] > Since TYPO3 v8 there is a problem combining orderBy with markers caused > by the quoting of the fields, see [forge#87799](https://forge.typo3.org/issues/87799). **Example** **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript page.60 = CONTENT page.60 { table = tt_content select { pidInList = 73 where = header != ###whatever### markers { whatever.data = GP:first } } } ``` This example selects all records from table tt_content, which are on page 73 and which don't have the header set to the value provided by the Get/Post variable "first". **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript page.60 = CONTENT page.60 { table = tt_content select { pidInList = 73 where = header != ###whatever### markers { whatever.value = some whatever.wrap = |thing } } } ``` This examples selects all records from the table tt_content which are on page 73 and which don't have a header set to a value constructed by whatever.value and whatever.wrap ('something'). ## Quoting of fields {#selectquotingoffields} It is possible to use `{#fieldname}` to make the database framework quote these fields (see [Important: #80506 - Dbal compatible field quoting in TypoScript](https://docs.typo3.org/c/typo3/cms-core/main/en-us/Changelog/8.7/Important-80506-DbalCompatibleFieldQuotingInTypoScript.html)): **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript select.where = ({#title} LIKE {#%SOMETHING%} AND NOT {#doktype}) ``` This applies to: - `select.where` but not to: - `select.groupBy` - `select.orderBy` as these parameters already follow a stricter syntax that allow automatic parsing and quoting. ## Example {#example} See PHP source code for `\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\ContentObjectRenderer`, `ContentObjectRenderer::getQuery()`, `ContentObjectRenderer::getWhere()`. Condensed form: **EXT:site_package/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript** ```typoscript 10 = CONTENT 10 { table = select { uidInList = pidInList = recursive = orderBy = groupBy = max = begin = where = languageField = includeRecordsWithoutDefaultTranslation = selectFields = join = leftjoin = rightjoin = } } ``` See also: - [CONTENT](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:cobj-content@13.4): for more complete examples with `select` and rendering the output with `renderObj` - [Wrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:data-type-wrap@13.4): enclosing results within text, used in some of the examples above - [stdWrap](https://docs.typo3.org/permalink/t3tsref:stdwrap@13.4): for more functionality, can be used in some of the properties, such as `pidInList`, `selectFields` etc.