Admin Guide — pn_questionnaire 

This guide covers installation, TypoScript configuration, theming, and extending the extension.


Table of Contents 

  1. Installation
  2. Loading the TypoScript
  3. TypoScript configuration
  4. Configuring domain record outcomes 4a. Stored results and the result mail
  5. Overriding templates
  6. Styling
  7. JavaScript
  8. Adding a language
  9. Architecture overview
  10. Service layer
  11. Session data format
  12. Extending the extension

1. Installation 

The extension is loaded via Composer as a path repository. It is already registered in the root composer.json:

{
  "repositories": [
    { "type": "path", "url": "packages/*" }
  ],
  "require": {
    "proudnerds/pn-questionnaire": "^1.0"
  }
}
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Run composer install after adding it. TYPO3 discovers the extension automatically via the PSR-4 autoloader entry in packages/pn_questionnaire/composer.json.

After the first install, run the Database Analyser in the TYPO3 Install Tool to create all seven tables.


2. Loading the TypoScript 

The TypoScript itself lives in Configuration/TypoScript/{setup,constants}.typoscript — a location every supported TYPO3 version understands. It is offered through two routes, both pointing at those same two files:

TYPO3 version Route
14.3 Site Set proudnerds/pn-questionnaire (preferred)
13.4 Site Set proudnerds/pn-questionnaire (preferred)
12.4 Static template Questionnaire / Test / Decision tree

Site Sets were introduced in TYPO3 v13.1 and are ignored by v12, which is why the static template exists. Configuration/Sets/PnQuestionnaire/{setup,constants}.typoscript contain nothing but an @import of the files above.

On TYPO3 v13 and v14 — Site Set 

Add the set to any site that should use the questionnaire plugin by adding it to dependencies in the site's config.yaml:

# config/sites/your-site/config.yaml
dependencies:
  - proudnerds/pn-questionnaire
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The set name is defined in Configuration/Sets/PnQuestionnaire/config.yaml:

name: proudnerds/pn-questionnaire
label: Questionnaire / Test / Decision tree
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TYPO3 automatically includes setup.typoscript and constants.typoscript from the set directory when the dependency is active.

Troubleshooting — TypoScript from the set is not loaded

If the set is listed in dependencies but the TypoScript is still not applied, check the root TypoScript template in the TYPO3 backend:

  1. Go to Web → Template, select the root page, open the template record.
  2. On the Options tab, make sure "Clear constants" and "Clear setup" are both unchecked.

When either flag is checked, TYPO3 discards all TypoScript that was loaded by Site Sets before evaluating the template's own content — effectively wiping setup.typoscript entirely. Unchecking both flags lets the Site Set TypoScript survive and be extended by the template.

On TYPO3 v12 — static template 

The extension registers Configuration/TypoScript/ as a selectable static template in Configuration/TCA/Overrides/sys_template.php. Go to Web → Template, open the root template record and add Questionnaire / Test / Decision tree (pn_questionnaire) to Include static (from extensions).

Include it before any site package that overrides the view path constants, otherwise those overrides are undone again.

Do not combine the static template with a site package that already imports EXT:pn_questionnaire/Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript directly — the values are identical so setup stays correct, but a second pass over the constants can override a site package's view path overrides depending on include order.

Backend search on TYPO3 v14 

On v12 and v13 the records of this extension declare their backend search fields explicitly. TYPO3 v14 dropped that mechanism and derives searchability from the field type instead, so on v14 a search in the list module covers every text-like field of these tables rather than a curated subset. The extension follows each version's own convention; nothing needs configuring.


3. TypoScript configuration 

All settings live under plugin.tx_pnquestionnaire_questionnaire.

View path overrides 

Override the default template paths per site package using the constants:

plugin.tx_pnquestionnaire_questionnaire {
  view {
    templateRootPath = EXT:your_sitepackage/Resources/Private/Templates/PnQuestionnaire/
    partialRootPath  = EXT:your_sitepackage/Resources/Private/Partials/PnQuestionnaire/
    layoutRootPath   = EXT:your_sitepackage/Resources/Private/Layouts/PnQuestionnaire/
  }
}
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TYPO3 merges these with the extension defaults using indexed path arrays (index 1 overrides index 0). You only need to place the files you want to override.

Default FlexForm values 

These defaults apply when a new plugin instance is inserted. Editors can override them per placement.

plugin.tx_pnquestionnaire_questionnaire.settings {
  show_score          = 0   # 0 = hidden, 1 = visible
  show_answer_summary = 0
  introduction_screen = 1
}
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4. Configuring domain record outcomes 

Note: "Domain record" here refers to a domain model record in the Extbase/DDD sense (e.g. a news article, an activity, an ad) — not a domain name or HTTP address.

The Domain record outcome type redirects the visitor to the detail view of a record from another extension. One target can be configured per site via TypoScript and a TCA override.

Step 1 — TypoScript 

plugin.tx_pnquestionnaire_questionnaire.settings {
  domain_record_target {
    pageUid    = 42    # UID of the page that hosts the detail plugin
    extension  = News  # Extension name (CamelCase, no vendor prefix)
    controller = News
    action     = detail
    argument   = news  # Argument name the action expects
    plugin     = Pi1   # Plugin name as registered with ExtensionUtility
  }
}
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Step 2 — TCA override 

The extension ships record_uid as a plain number, because it cannot know which table your site links to. The site package names that table, and turns the field into a record browser while it is at it. Create Configuration/TCA/Overrides/tx_pnquestionnaire_result_page.php in your site package:

$config = &$GLOBALS['TCA']['tx_pnquestionnaire_result_page']['columns']['record_uid']['config'];
$config['type'] = 'group';
$config['allowed'] = 'tx_news_domain_model_news';
$config['foreign_table'] = 'tx_news_domain_model_news';
$config['size'] = 1;
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type and allowed give you the record browser; foreign_table is what Extbase needs to resolve the record. Both table names must match the TypoScript target.

Do not leave allowed empty on a group field. TYPO3 throws RuntimeException 1482250512 while compiling the form, which takes down the entire result page editing form — not just this one field — even for result pages that use a different outcome type. That is why the shipped default is a number and not an unconfigured group.

The DomainRecordResolverService reads the foreign_table value from $GLOBALS['TCA'] at runtime to derive the table name — so a single source of truth is maintained between TypoScript and TCA.


4a. Stored results and the result mail 

Both are off by default and are switched on per plugin instance. See the Editor Guide for what an editor sees; this section covers the technical side.

The table 

tx_pnquestionnaire_saved_result holds one row per completed run.

Column Purpose
token 32 hex characters, 128 bits of entropy, from random_bytes(). Unique index. This is the only key to the row
result_url The generated retrieval URL, cached so the mail and the result page do not have to rebuild it
questionnaire The questionnaire the run belongs to
answers The given answers, as JSON
score The calculated score
expires Unix timestamp after which the row is due for removal
crdate, tstamp, deleted Standard TYPO3 fields; the table uses soft delete

No identifying data is stored — no name, no IP address, no e-mail address, not even hashed. The crdate timestamp is the only field that could in theory be correlated with an access log, which is a reason not to extend the retention period beyond what is needed.

The retrieval route 

Configuration/Routing/SavedResult.yaml provides a route enhancer producing /<plugin-page>/saved-result/<token>. An extension cannot register route enhancers itself, so the site configuration has to import it:

# config/sites/your-site/config.yaml
imports:
  - resource: 'EXT:pn_questionnaire/Configuration/Routing/SavedResult.yaml'
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Without that import the retrieval link still works, but as a query-string URL. The first segment follows the site language (saved-result, bewaarde-uitslag, gespeichertes-ergebnis); add a locale to the localeMap for another language, or override the whole PnQuestionnaireSavedResult key after the import to change the wording. The token requirement is pinned to [0-9a-f]{32} so the enhancer never claims an unrelated URL on a page without the plugin.

After a domain change or a change to this route, the stored result_url values are stale. They can be regenerated from the tokens — the URL is derived data, not a source.

Retention and purging 

The retention period is db_save_result_lifetime_days in TypoScript, default 365, overridable per plugin instance through the FlexForm. It is applied when a result is stored, by writing expires.

Expired rows are removed by a console command:

vendor/bin/typo3 pnquestionnaire:purgesavedresults
vendor/bin/typo3 pnquestionnaire:purgesavedresults --dry-run
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Register it as a scheduler task to keep the table clean. Unlike a backend deletion, the command removes rows for real rather than flagging them deleted — a stored result that has expired should not linger in the recycler.

The result mail 

The mail is sent as HTML and plain text, using the installation's own SystemEmail layout, so it inherits the styling already configured for TYPO3 mails.

Rich text inside the mail runs through lib.parseFunc_pnQuestionnaireMail, a copy of lib.parseFunc with forceAbsoluteUrl on. A relative href is a dead link in a mail client, and no Fluid ViewHelper can reach inside stored rich text — f:format.html hands the HTML straight to parseFunc. The nested parseFunc references for lists, preformatted text and table cells are repointed one by one; without that a link inside a list would still come out relative.

The sender falls back through three levels: the plugin's FlexForm, then TypoScript (mail_from_address / mail_from_name), then the installation's default sender.

The send limit 

Configuration/Services.yaml defines a rate limiter for the mail form: three sends per hour, counted separately per recipient address and per client address. It uses the Symfony rate limiter that ships with the core, so there is no custom counting.

Two things to be aware of. The per-client limit is only as reliable as the proxy configuration — if the site runs behind a reverse proxy, reverseProxyIP has to be configured or every visitor looks like the same client. And the FlexForm has a Switch off the send limit checkbox intended for testing an installation; it should be off on a live site, because the limit is what prevents the form from being used to send mail to other people's addresses in bulk.

The form's protection against cross-site submission relies on FE.cookieSameSite being lax or stricter. That is a requirement, not a detail.

Usage counters 

With Count usage on, the questionnaire record keeps two tallies: starts, incremented when a visitor begins, and completions, incremented on a completed run. They are plain counters on the questionnaire record — no per-visitor data is involved.

Inverted conditions 

negate_condition on tx_pnquestionnaire_advice_block inverts a specific_answer condition. It is applied in ResultResolverService, at the point where the block's trigger answer is matched against the given answers. An absent answer counts as "not given", so an inverted block also appears for a question the visitor never answered — which is why the Editor Guide recommends making such questions required.


5. Overriding templates 

The extension uses standard TYPO3 Fluid template path merging. Copy any file from the extension's Resources/Private/ tree into your site package at the configured override path and TYPO3 will use your version instead.

Default paths (from extension) 

Resources/Private/
├── Layouts/
│   └── Default.html
├── Templates/
│   └── Questionnaire/
│       ├── Intro.html
│       ├── Question.html
│       └── Result.html
└── Partials/
    ├── AnswerTypes/
    │   ├── SingleChoice.html
    │   ├── MultipleChoice.html
    │   ├── YesNo.html
    │   ├── Scale.html
    │   └── Informational.html
    └── AdviceBlock.html
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Custom ViewHelper namespace 

The extension provides one custom ViewHelper. Declare its namespace in any template that uses it:

<html xmlns:f="http://typo3.org/ns/TYPO3/CMS/Fluid/ViewHelpers"
      xmlns:pnq="http://typo3.org/ns/ProudNerds/PnQuestionnaire/ViewHelpers"
      data-namespace-typo3-fluid="true">
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Available ViewHelpers:

ViewHelper Description
pnq:inArray(haystack: array, needle: value) Returns true when needle exists in haystack (string-cast comparison). Used in answer type partials to restore the checked state of previously given answers.

Key template variables 

Question.html 

Variable Type Description
questionnaire Questionnaire The questionnaire record
question Question The current question
progress array{current: int, total: int} Step X of Y
progressPercentage int 0–100, for the progress bar fill width
prevQuestionUid int|null UID of the previous question, or null if first
currentAnswer string[] Previously stored answer values for this question
hasAnswers bool true when at least one answer is stored in the session — used to conditionally show the Reset button
answerTypePartial string Partial path, e.g. AnswerTypes/SingleChoice
scaleRange int[] Array from scaleMin to scaleMax (radio scale only)
scaleDisplay string 'radio' or 'range' — from the question's Scale display field
scaleMiddle int Midpoint of the scale range: round((scaleMin + scaleMax) / 2) — used as the default slider position

Result.html 

Variable Type Description
questionnaire Questionnaire The questionnaire record
resultPage ResultPage|null The matched result page (null = no catch-all configured)
adviceBlocks AdviceBlock[] Pre-filtered visible advice blocks
totalScore float Calculated score (0.0 when no scores are set)
showScore bool From FlexForm setting
showAnswerSummary bool From FlexForm setting
answerSummary array[] Pre-built list of {question, answers[]} for the summary

Form field naming 

Answer inputs must use this exact name attribute for Extbase to map them correctly to processAction(array $answers):

name="tx_pnquestionnaire_questionnaire[answers][]"
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The hidden question UID field:

name="tx_pnquestionnaire_questionnaire[questionUid]"
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Heading levels, and why the RTE needs Heading 4 and Heading 5 

The result page builds a heading hierarchy from three sources, only two of which the templates control:

Level Rendered by Content
h2 Result.html Result page headline
h3 AdviceBlock.html A group heading (condition_type = group_header), or a block title that is not in a group
h4 AdviceBlock.html The title of a block that points at a group heading through group_header
h5 The editor, inside body_text A sub-heading within a block

That last row is the catch: the deepest level comes out of a rich text field, so it is the RTE configuration — not the extension — that decides whether an editor can produce a valid document. An installation therefore needs both Heading 4 and Heading 5 available in the RTE preset used for tx_pnquestionnaire_advice_block.body_text:

  • Heading 5 for a sub-heading inside a grouped block, whose title is already an h4.
  • Heading 4 for a sub-heading inside an ungrouped block, whose title is an h3.

Which one an editor needs depends on whether the block sits in a group, and that can change after the fact — moving a block into a group shifts its title from h3 to h4, so any sub-heading in its body has to move down a level too. Offer both and the editor can always pick the level one step below the block title.

If the preset stops at Heading 3, every sub-heading an editor creates lands at the same level as — or above — the title of the block it belongs to, which breaks the document outline (WCAG 1.3.1). The extension deliberately does not set richtextConfiguration on the field to force this: that would override whatever preset the site assigns through page TSconfig, for every installation.

Add the missing levels to the heading.options list of the preset your site already uses:

editor:
  config:
    heading:
      options:
        - { model: 'paragraph', title: 'Paragraph' }
        - { model: 'heading2', view: 'h2', title: 'Heading 2' }
        - { model: 'heading3', view: 'h3', title: 'Heading 3' }
        - { model: 'heading4', view: 'h4', title: 'Heading 4' }
        - { model: 'heading5', view: 'h5', title: 'Heading 5' }
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Note that CKEditor replaces this list as a whole rather than merging it, so if you override it in a separate file, repeat the entries you want to keep. Also check that h5 is present in the allowTags list of the processing configuration — otherwise the tag is stripped on save. The default EXT:rte_ckeditor/Configuration/RTE/Processing.yaml allows h1 through h6.


6. Styling 

The extension ships a minimal CSS file (Resources/Public/Css/Questionnaire.css) that only defines the progress bar. Everything else is unstyled — apply all visual design in your site package.

BEM class reference 

Class Element
.pn-questionnaire Root wrapper (also has data-questionnaire attribute)
.pn-questionnaire__intro Intro screen container
.pn-questionnaire__intro-text Introduction text area
.pn-questionnaire__intro-actions Start button wrapper
.pn-questionnaire__intro-footer Text below the start button
.pn-questionnaire__step Question step container (has data-active-step attribute)
.pn-questionnaire__progress Progress indicator wrapper
.pn-questionnaire__progress-bar Grey track of the progress bar
.pn-questionnaire__progress-fill Coloured fill (width set inline via progressPercentage)
.pn-questionnaire__progress-text "Step X of Y" text
.pn-questionnaire__progress-note Dynamic steps note below the bar
.pn-questionnaire__context-content Embedded tt_content element
.pn-questionnaire__question-text Question text area
.pn-questionnaire__help-text Help text below question
.pn-questionnaire__form The answer form
.pn-questionnaire__answers Fieldset wrapping all answer inputs
.pn-questionnaire__answer-option Wrapper for one answer option
.pn-questionnaire__answer-option--radio Modifier for radio inputs
.pn-questionnaire__answer-option--checkbox Modifier for checkbox inputs
.pn-questionnaire__answer-option--yes-no Modifier for yes/no inputs
.pn-questionnaire__radio Radio input
.pn-questionnaire__checkbox Checkbox input
.pn-questionnaire__answer-label Label for an answer option
.pn-questionnaire__scale Scale question wrapper
.pn-questionnaire__scale--radio Modifier: radio button display
.pn-questionnaire__scale--range Modifier: range slider display
.pn-questionnaire__scale-options Row of scale radio buttons (radio display only)
.pn-questionnaire__scale-option One scale value (radio display only)
.pn-questionnaire__scale-label Label for one radio scale value
.pn-questionnaire__scale-range-track Wrapper for the slider input and output (range display only)
.pn-questionnaire__scale-range-label--min Min endpoint label (range display only)
.pn-questionnaire__scale-range-label--max Max endpoint label (range display only)
.pn-questionnaire__range The <input type="range"> element
.pn-questionnaire__range-value The <output> element showing the live selected value
.pn-questionnaire__error Client-side validation error message (hidden by default)
.pn-questionnaire__required-mark Asterisk rendered inline after the question text for required questions
.pn-questionnaire__nav Previous / Next / Reset button wrapper
.pn-questionnaire__btn Base button class
.pn-questionnaire__btn--primary Primary action button
.pn-questionnaire__btn--secondary Secondary action button (Previous)
.pn-questionnaire__btn--reset Reset / Start over button
.pn-questionnaire__result Result container
.pn-questionnaire__result--error Modifier when no result page matched
.pn-questionnaire__result-headline Result headline
.pn-questionnaire__result-score Score display
.pn-questionnaire__result-body Result body text
.pn-questionnaire__result-cta CTA button wrapper
.pn-questionnaire__result-reset Reset button on result page
.pn-questionnaire__advice-blocks Advice blocks container
.pn-questionnaire__advice-block One advice block
.pn-questionnaire__advice-block--always Modifier for always-visible blocks
.pn-questionnaire__advice-block--score_range Modifier for score-range blocks
.pn-questionnaire__advice-block--specific_answer Modifier for specific-answer blocks
.pn-questionnaire__advice-block--scale_range Modifier for scale-range blocks
.pn-questionnaire__advice-block-headline Advice block headline
.pn-questionnaire__advice-block-body Advice block body text
.pn-questionnaire__answer-summary Answer summary container
.pn-questionnaire__summary-item One question/answer pair in the summary
.pn-questionnaire__summary-question Question text in summary
.pn-questionnaire__summary-answers Answer text in summary

Overriding the progress bar colour 

The fill uses currentColor, which inherits from the nearest element with an explicit color value:

/* In your site package */
.pn-questionnaire__progress-fill {
    color: #your-brand-color;
}
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7. JavaScript 

The extension ships two JavaScript classes.

Questionnaire.js 

Loaded via f:asset.script in Layouts/Default.html and initialises on DOMContentLoaded by looking for [data-questionnaire] in the DOM.

Feature Description
Scroll to container On each page load, scrolls the questionnaire into view when a step is active ([data-active-step] present)
Required validation Checks for [data-required] flag inside the form; validates that at least one non-hidden input is filled/checked before allowing submission
Error message Reads the error text from data-required-error attribute on the form (set from locallang.xlf in the template)
Submit lock Disables the submit button after a valid submission to prevent double-posting

<input type="range"> always has a value, so required validation passes automatically for scale slider questions.

ScaleRange.js 

Loaded conditionally via f:asset.script only when a scale question renders as a range slider (scale_display = range). TYPO3 deduplicates it automatically — safe to use across multiple scale questions on the same page.

Feature Description
Live value display Keeps the <output> element next to the slider in sync with the selected value as the visitor drags
Initial sync Syncs on load in case the browser normalises the server-rendered value attribute (e.g. out-of-range values)

The <output> element is server-rendered with the correct initial value, so the slider is usable without JavaScript.

All behaviour is progressive enhancement — the questionnaire works without JavaScript through standard HTML form submissions.

Replacing the JavaScript 

Point f:asset.script in your layout override to a different file, or load your own script that initialises a class targeting [data-questionnaire].


8. Adding a language 

  1. Copy Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf to a new file named {language-code}.locallang.xlf in the same directory
  2. Add target-language="{language-code}" to the <file> element
  3. Add <target> elements with the translated strings for each <trans-unit>

TYPO3 picks up the translation automatically based on the active frontend language.

The existing Dutch translation (nl.locallang.xlf) can be used as a reference.


9. Architecture overview 

QuestionnaireController
    │
    ├── QuestionnaireRepository   → loads the configured questionnaire
    ├── SessionService            → stores / retrieves visitor answers
    ├── ConditionEvaluatorService → filters questions to visible subset
    ├── ProgressService           → calculates step X of Y, prev/next UIDs
    ├── ScoringService            → sums answer option scores
    ├── ResultResolverService     → picks the first matching result page
    │                               and filters advice blocks
    └── DomainRecordResolverService → builds redirect URL for record outcomes
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Action flow 

GET  /page  →  introAction()      render intro screen
GET  /page  →  questionAction()   render current question
POST /page  →  processAction()    store answer, redirect to next or result
GET  /page  →  resultAction()     resolve result, render or redirect
POST /page  →  resetAction()      clear session, redirect to intro
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All five actions are registered as uncached in ext_localconf.php.


10. Service layer 

All business logic lives in Classes/Service/. Services are autowired via Configuration/Services.yaml.

Service Responsibility
SessionService Read/write visitor answers via FrontendUserAuthentication. Key: tx_pnquestionnaire, namespaced per questionnaire UID.
ConditionEvaluatorService Iterates all questions, evaluates each condition set, returns visible questions in sort order.
ProgressService calculate(), getNextQuestionUid(), getPreviousQuestionUid(). All operate on the visible question array.
ScoringService Traverses visible questions → answer options, sums scores. Returns 0.0 when no scores are set.
ResultResolverService Iterates result pages top-to-bottom, returns first match. Also provides filterAdviceBlocks().
DomainRecordResolverService Uses UriBuilder to build the redirect URL for domain_record outcomes. Reads TypoScript domain_record_target and foreign_table from $GLOBALS['TCA'].

Condition evaluation logic 

Each condition has a condition_type that determines how it is evaluated:

specific_answer (default) — passes when the visitor selected a specific answer option for the reference question:

result = evaluate(condition_1)
for each condition_2, condition_3, ...:
    if operator == AND → result = result && evaluate(condition)
    if operator == OR  → result = result || evaluate(condition)
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scale_range — passes when the visitor's numeric answer for the reference question satisfies the configured operator and threshold:

stored_value [operator] scale_value
e.g. 7 >= 5  → true
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Supported operators: >=, <=, >, <, =

If the scale question has not been answered yet, the condition returns false (the dependent question stays hidden).

A question is shown when the final combined result is true.

Result page selection 

foreach resultPage in questionnaire.resultPages (ordered by sort_order):
    if matches(resultPage, sessionAnswers, totalScore):
        return resultPage  ← first match wins
return null  ← no catch-all configured
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Trigger type matching:

Trigger Match condition
catch_all Always
score_range scoreMin <= totalScore <= scoreMax
specific_answer A specific answer option UID appears in sessionAnswers
combination Both score_range AND specific_answer match
scale_answer The visitor's numeric answer for triggerQuestion is within [triggerScaleMin, triggerScaleMax]

11. Session data format 

Answers are stored in the TYPO3 frontend session under the root key tx_pnquestionnaire.

tx_pnquestionnaire
└── q_{questionnaireUid}
    └── answers
        ├── "{questionUid}" → ["{answerOptionUid}"]          ← single choice
        ├── "{questionUid}" → ["{uid1}", "{uid2}"]           ← multiple choice
        └── "{questionUid}" → ["{scaleValue}"]               ← scale (raw number)
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All values are stored as strings. The SessionService methods handle the conversion.


12. Extending the extension 

Adding a new question type 

  1. Add the new type value to the type select field in Configuration/TCA/tx_pnquestionnaire_question.php (both the items array and the types array)
  2. Add the type constant to Classes/Domain/Model/Question.php
  3. Create Resources/Private/Partials/AnswerTypes/YourType.html
  4. Add the mapping in QuestionnaireController::questionAction() in $answerTypePartialMap

No other changes are required.

Adding a new outcome type 

  1. Add the new outcome value to the outcome_type select field in the result page TCA
  2. Add the outcome constant to Classes/Domain/Model/ResultPage.php
  3. Handle the new outcome in QuestionnaireController::handleRedirectOutcome() or resultAction()

Custom result resolver logic 

To replace or extend the result matching logic, create a service that extends or wraps ResultResolverService and reconfigure it in Configuration/Services.yaml.

Custom scoring logic 

Replace ScoringService with your own implementation via Configuration/Services.yaml service aliasing. Your service only needs to implement the same method signature:

public function calculateTotal(array $visibleQuestions, array $sessionAnswers): float
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Template-only customisation 

For purely visual changes — copy any Fluid template from Resources/Private/ into your site package at the configured override path. TYPO3's path merging ensures your version takes precedence. No PHP changes needed.