Checking headline anchors 

The documentation guidelines ask for an anchor on every headline, so that a permalink can lead to it, see Link anchors. Only a label written before a headline registers such an anchor. The id the rendering derives from the title works on the page alone, and changes when the headline is reworded.

A manual can have the rendering warn about every headline without one:

Documentation/guides.xml
<extension class="\T3Docs\Typo3DocsTheme\DependencyInjection\Typo3DocsThemeExtension"
           interlink-shortcode="my-manual"
           check-headline-anchors="true"
/>
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The warning names the headline and suggests a label made from it:

The headline "Inline columns" has no anchor, so no permalink leads to it.
Give it one: ..  _inline-columns:
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The check is off by default. Many manuals, and those of third-party extensions most of all, still have headlines without a label, and a warning fails a render with --minimal-test , which is what their pipelines run.

What is checked 

Every headline, the page title included. A label counts when it stands before the headline, with only blank lines or an .. index:: directive between them:

..  _inline-columns:

Inline columns
==============
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Whether an anchor is used twice is not part of this check: the rendering already warns about a duplicate anchor on its own.

A manual written in Markdown is never checked, even with the setting on. A Markdown headline cannot carry a label, so nothing could fix the warning.

Switching the check per page 

A page can override the manual's setting with a field at its top, before the title:

:check-headline-anchors: off

=====
Title
=====
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:check-headline-anchors: on works the other way, for a manual that is being given its anchors page by page while the manual's setting is still off.

The check works the same way as the one for link texts, and a manual can switch on either or both.