• TYPO3 Explained
    master (10-dev)
  • Introduction
    • About this document
    • Intended Audience
    • Code examples
    • Feedback and Contribute
    • Credits
    • Dedication
    • Further Documentation
      • TCA Reference
      • TypoScript Reference
      • TSconfig Reference
    • System Overview
    • A basic installation
  • Extension Development
    • Introduction
      • Extensions and the Core
      • Notable system extensions
    • Extension Management
      • Installing extensions
      • Package Manager
    • Files and Locations
      • Files
      • Reserved File Names
        • ext_emconf.php
        • ext_localconf.php
        • ext_tables.php
        • ext_tables.sql
          • Auto generated structure
        • ext_tables_static+adt.sql
        • ext_typoscript_constants.typoscript
        • ext_typoscript_setup.typoscript
        • ext_conf_template.txt
        • Routes.php and AjaxRoutes.php
        • Resources/Public/Icons/Extension.svg
        • class.ext_update.php
      • Reserved Folders
    • System and Local extensions
      • Local extensions
      • System extensions
      • Loading precedence
    • Choosing an extension key
      • About GPL and extensions
      • Security
      • Registering an extension key
    • Naming conventions
      • Note on “old” extensions:
      • Extending “extensions classes”
    • Declaration File
      • Deprecated Configuration
    • Configuration Files
      • ext_localconf.php
        • Should Not Be Used For
        • Should Be Used For
      • ext_tables.php
        • Should Not Be Used For
        • Should Be Used For
      • Best Practices for ext_tables.php and ext_localconf.php
    • Configuration Options
    • Extending the TCA Array
      • Storing the Changes
        • Storing in Extensions
          • Storing in the Overrides Folder
          • Storing in ext_tables.php Files
        • Changing the TCA “on the Fly”
      • Customization Examples
        • Example 1: Extending the fe_users Table
        • Example 2: Extending the tt_content Table
      • Verifying the TCA
    • Creating a new Extension
      • Kickstarting the Extension
    • Creating a new Distribution
      • Concept of Distributions
      • Kickstarting the Distribution
        • Configuring the Distribution Display in the EM
        • Fileadmin Files
        • Database Data
        • Distribution Configuration
        • Delivering Custom Dependencies
      • Test Your Distribution
      • More Information
    • Adding Documentation
      • Sphinx Project
      • Other Formats
        • README.rst
    • Other resources
  • API Overview
    • Directory Structure
    • PHP Namespaces
      • Core Example
      • Usage in Extensions
      • Namespaces in Extbase
      • Namespaces for Test Classes
      • Creating Instances
      • include and required
      • References
    • Environment
      • getProjectPath()
      • getPublicPath()
      • getVarPath()
      • getConfigPath()
      • getLabelsPath()
    • Variables and Constants
      • Constants
        • Table 1: Traditional List
        • Table 2: Base Constants
          • This Version, Branch and Copyright
          • TYPO3 External Links
          • String Constants
          • Security Related Constant
          • Operating System Identifier
          • Service Error Constants
          • Filetypes
          • HTTP Status Codes
      • Global Variables
        • Exploring Global Variables
      • TYPO3_CONF_VARS
        • File LocalConfiguration.php
        • File AdditionalConfiguration.php
        • File DefaultConfiguration.php
    • Autoloading
      • Autoloading Classes Since TYPO3 7.x
      • Loading Classes Without Composer Mode
      • Loading Classes With Composer Mode
      • Best Practices
    • Bootstrapping
      • Initialization
        • 1. Define Legacy Constants
          • 2. Initialize Class Loader
          • 3. Set Request Type
          • 4. Perform base setup
          • 5. Define Class Loading Information
          • 6. Check Essential Configuration
          • 7. Register Request Handlers
          • 8. More Configuration
          • 9. Dispatch
          • 10. Initialization of the TYPO3 Backend
      • Application Context
    • Database
      • Introduction
        • Doctrine-Dbal
        • Understanding Doctrine-Dbal and Doctrine-Orm
        • Low-level and High-Level Database Calls
        • Credits
      • Configuration
      • Database Structure
        • The “pages” Table
        • Other Tables
      • Upgrade Table and Field Definitions
        • The ext_tables.sql Files
      • Basic CRUD
        • INSERT a Row
        • SELECT a Single Row
          • SELECT Multiple Rows With Some WHERE Magic
        • UPDATE Multiple Rows
        • DELETE a Row
      • Class Overview
      • ConnectionPool
        • Pooling
      • QueryBuilder
        • select() and addSelect()
          • Default Restrictions
        • count()
        • delete()
        • update() and set()
        • insert() and values()
        • from()
        • where(), andWhere() and orWhere()
        • join(), innerJoin(), rightJoin() and leftJoin()
        • orderBy() and addOrderBy()
        • groupBy() and addGroupBy()
        • setMaxResults() and setFirstResult()
        • add()
        • getSQL()
        • getParameters()
        • execute()
        • expr()
        • createNamedParameter()
        • quoteIdentifier() and quoteIdentifiers()
        • escapeLikeWildcards()
        • getRestrictions(), setRestrictions(), resetRestrictions()
      • Connection
        • insert()
        • bulkInsert()
        • update()
        • delete()
        • truncate()
        • count()
        • select()
        • lastInsertId()
        • createQueryBuilder()
      • ExpressionBuilder
        • Junctions
        • Comparisons
        • Aggregate Functions
        • Various Expressions
          • TRIM
          • LENGTH
      • RestrictionBuilder
        • Rationale
        • Main Construct
        • Restrictions
        • QueryRestrictionContainer
        • Examples
      • Statement
        • fetch()
        • fetchAll()
        • fetchColumn()
        • rowCount()
        • Re-use Prepared Statement()
      • QueryHelper
        • parseOrderBy()
        • parseGroupBy()
        • parseTableList()
        • parseJoin()
        • stripLogicalOperatorPrefix()
        • getDateTimeFormats()
        • quoteDatabaseIdentifiers()
      • Migrating from TYPO3_DB
        • Compare Raw Queries
        • enableFields() and deleteClause()
        • From ->exec_UDATEquery() to ->update()
        • Result Set Iteration
        • sql_insert_id()
        • fullQuoteStr()
        • ext_tables.sql
        • TCA and TypoScript
        • Extbase QueryBuilder
      • Various Tips and Tricks
    • TYPO3 Core Engine (TCE)
      • Introduction
        • Database
        • Files
      • Database: DataHandler Basics (Formerly Known as TCEmain)
        • Commands Array
          • Command Keywords and Values
          • Examples of Commands:
        • Data Array
          • Examples of Data Submission
        • Clear Cache
          • Hook for Cache Post-processing
        • Flags in DataHandler
      • Using DataHandler in Scripts
        • DataHandler Examples
          • Submitting Data
          • Executing Commands
          • Clearing Cache
          • Complex Data Submission
          • Both Data and Commands Executed With Alternative User Object
      • The “/record/commit” Route
      • File Functions Basics
        • Files Array
          • Command Keywords and Values
      • The “tce_file.php” API
    • Digital Assets Management (FAL)
      • Introduction
      • Basic Concepts
        • Storages and Drivers
        • Files and Metadata
        • File References
      • Architecture
        • Overview
        • Folders
          • Processed Files
          • Migrated Files
        • Database Structure
          • sys_file
          • sys_file_metadata
          • sys_file_reference
          • sys_file_processedfile
          • sys_file_collection
          • sys_file_storage
          • sys_filemounts
        • Components
          • Files and Folders
          • File References
          • Storage
          • Drivers
          • The File Index
          • Collections
          • Services
        • Signals and Slots
          • \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceStorage
          • \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory
          • \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Index\FileIndexRepository
          • \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Index\MetaDataRepository
          • \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Service\FileProcessingService
      • Administration
        • Permissions
          • System Permissions
          • File Mounts
          • User Permissions
            • User Permissions per Storage
            • User Permissions Details
          • Default Upload Folder
          • Frontend Permissions
        • File Storages
        • Maintenance
          • Scheduler Tasks
          • Processed Files
      • Using FAL
        • Using FAL in the Frontend
          • TypoScript
          • Fluid
            • The ImageViewHelper
            • Get File Properties
            • FLUIDTEMPLATE
        • TCA Definition
        • The ResourceFactory Class
          • Getting the Default Storage
          • Getting any Storage
        • Working With Files, Folders and File References
          • Getting a File
          • Copying a File
          • Adding a File
          • Creating a File Reference
            • In the Backend Context
            • In the Frontend Context
          • Getting Referenced Files
          • Listing Files in a Folder
        • Working With Collections
        • Searching for Files
    • TypoScript Syntax
      • Introduction
        • About This Chapter
        • What Is TypoScript?
          • PHP Arrays
          • TypoScript Syntax, Object Paths, Objects and Properties
          • Note About Perceived Semantics
          • Note About the Internal Structure When Parsed Into a PHP Array
        • Credits
      • Syntax
        • Introduction
          • Example
        • Contexts
        • TypoScript syntax
          • Example:
          • object path
          • operator
          • value
          • Comments
            • Example:
          • Comment blocks
            • Rules:
            • Example:
          • Value assignment: The “=” operator
            • Rules:
          • Value modifications: The “:=” operator
            • Rules:
            • Example:
          • Code blocks: The { } signs
            • Rules:
            • Example:
          • Multi-line values: The ( ) signs
            • Rules:
            • Example:
          • Object copying: The “<” sign
            • Example:
          • References: the “=<” sign
            • Example
          • Object unsetting: The “>” Sign
            • Example:
          • Conditions: Lines starting with “[“
            • Rules:
            • Example:
        • Conditions
          • Where Conditions Can Be Used
          • The Syntax of Conditions
          • Combining Conditions
          • The Special [ELSE], [END] and [GLOBAL] Conditions
          • Where to insert conditions in TypoScript?
          • The [GLOBAL] Condition
          • Custom Conditions With Symfony Expression Language
          • Summary
        • Includes
          • Alternative, traditional Syntax
          • Conditions
          • Best practices
      • Sorting out Details
        • Parsing, Storing and Executing TypoScript
          • Parsing TypoScript
          • Storing Parsed TypoScript
          • Executing TypoScript
        • Myths, FAQ and Acknowledgements
          • Myth: “TypoScript Is a Scripting Language”
          • Myth: “TypoScript has the Same Syntax as JavaScript”
          • Myth: “TypoScript Is a Proprietary Standard”
          • Myth: “TypoScript Is very Complex”
          • Why not XML Instead?
      • The TypoScript Parser API
        • Introduction
        • Parsing Custom TypoScript
          • Root Level
          • ->COLORS
          • ->ADMINFO
            • A Case Story
        • Implementing Custom Conditions
    • User and Page TSconfig
      • User TSconfig
      • Page TSconfig
    • User Settings Configuration
      • [‘columns’] Section
      • [‘showitem’] Section
      • Extending the User Settings
      • Checking the Configuration
    • FlexForms
      • Example Use Cases
      • How it Works for Content Elements
      • Steps to Perform (Extension Developer)
      • More Examples
        • Select Field
        • Populate a select Field with a PHP Function (itemsProcFunc)
        • Display Fields Conditionally (displayCond)
        • How to Read FlexForms From an Extbase Controller Action
        • How to Read and Write FlexForms From PHP
        • How to Access FlexForms From TypoScript
        • How to Access FlexFroms From Fluid
      • Steps to Perform (Editor)
      • Credits
    • Caching Framework
      • Quick Start for Integrators
        • Change Specific Cache Options
        • Garbage Collection Task
      • Configuration
        • Cache Configurations
        • How to Disable Specific Caches
      • Caching Framework Architecture
        • Basic Knowhow
          • About the Identifier
          • About Tags
        • Caches in the TYPO3 Core
        • Garbage Collection Task
        • Cache API
      • Cache Frontends
        • Frontend API
        • Available Frontends
          • String Frontend
          • Variable Frontend
          • PHP Frontend
      • Cache backends
        • Backend API
        • Common Options
        • Database Backend
          • InnoDB Issues
          • Options
        • Memcached Backend
          • Warning and Design Constraints
          • Options
        • Redis Backend
          • Options
        • APC Backend
        • Xcache Backend
        • Wincache Backend
        • File Backend
          • Options
        • Simple File Backend
        • PDO Backend
          • Options
        • Transient Memory Backend
        • Null Backend
      • Developer Information
        • Cache Registration and Usage
        • Cache Access Logic
    • Logging Framework
      • Quickstart
        • Instantiate a Logger for the Current Class
        • Log
        • Set Logging Output
      • Logger
        • Instantiation
        • Log() Method
        • Shorthand Methods
      • Configuration of the Logging System
        • Writer Configuration
        • Processor Configuration
      • The LogRecord Model
      • Log Writers
        • Built-in Log Writers
          • DatabaseWriter
          • FileWriter
          • PhpErrorLogWriter
          • SyslogWriter
        • Custom Log Writers
      • Log Processors
        • Built-in Log Processors
          • IntrospectionProcessor
          • MemoryUsageProcessor
          • MemoryPeakUsageProcessor
          • WebProcessor
        • Custom Log Processors
    • System Log
    • Error and Exception Handling
      • Configuration
      • Error Handler
      • Production Exception Handler
      • Debug Exception Handler
      • Examples
        • Debugging and development setup
        • Production setup
        • Performance setup
      • How to extend the error and exception handling
    • Backend Access Control
      • Users and Groups
        • Users
        • Groups
        • The “admin” User
        • Location of Users and Groups
      • Roles
      • Access Control Options
        • Access Lists
        • Mounts
          • Page Permissions
        • User TSconfig
      • Other Options
        • Backend Users
        • Backend Groups
      • More About File Mounts
        • Paths for Local Driver Storage
        • Home Directories
      • Backend Users Module
    • Backend Modules
      • Backend Interface
      • The Backend Template View
      • Backend Module API
        • Registering new Modules
        • Registering a Toplevel Module
        • $TBE_MODULES
        • Configuration With TypoScript
    • Backend Routing
      • More Information
    • Backend User Object
      • Checking User Access
      • Checking Access to Current Backend Module
      • Checking Access to any Backend Module
      • Access to Tables and Fields?
      • Is “admin”?
      • Read Access to a Page?
      • Is a Page Inside a DB Mount?
      • Selecting Readable Pages From Database?
      • Saving Module Data
      • Getting Module Data
      • Getting TSconfig
      • Getting the Username
      • Get User Configuration Value
    • FormEngine
      • Introduction
      • Main Rendering Workflow
      • Data Compiling
        • Data Groups and Providers
        • Extending Data Groups With Own Providers
        • Adding Data to Data Array
      • Rendering
        • Class Inheritance
        • NodeFactory
        • Result Array
        • Node Expansion
        • Add fieldControl Example
    • JavaScript in TYPO3 Backend
      • AJAX in TYPO3 Backend
        • In-depth Presentation
          • Client-Side Programming
          • Server-side Programming
          • Different Content Formats
            • Plain Text
            • XML
            • JSON
        • Developing With AJAX in the TYPO3 Backend
      • RequireJS in the TYPO3 Backend
        • Credits
          • Use RequireJS in Your Own Extension
          • Dependency Handling
          • Loading Your Own or Other RequireJS Modules
          • Shim Library to Use it as Own RequireJS Modules
    • Flash Messages
      • Flash Messages API
        • Flash Messages Severities
      • Flash Messages Renderer
      • Flash Messages in Extbase
      • JavaScript-based Flash Messages (Notifications API)
    • Site Handling
      • Basics
        • Site Configuration Storage
        • The Configuration File
          • site identifier
          • rootPageId
          • base
          • languages
          • errorHandling
          • routes
          • routeEnhancers
      • Creating a new Site
      • Base Variants
        • Example
        • Properties
          • typo3.version
          • typo3.branch
          • typo3.devIpMask
          • applicationContext
        • Functions
          • ip
          • compatVersion
          • like
          • getenv
      • Adding Languages
        • Configuration Properties
          • languageId
          • title
          • navigationTitle
          • base
          • baseVariants
          • locale
          • iso-639-1
          • hreflang
          • direction
          • typo3Language
          • flagIdentifier
          • fallbackType
          • fallbacks
      • Error Handling
        • Properties
          • errorCode
          • errorHandler
          • errorFluidTemplate
          • errorFluidTemplatesRootPath
          • errorFluidPartialsRootPath
          • errorFluidLayoutsRootPath
          • errorContentSource
          • errorPhpClassFQCN
      • Writing a Custom Page Error Handler
      • Static Routes
        • StaticText
        • TYPO3 URL (t3://)
      • Using Environment Variables in Site Configuration
      • Using Site Configuration in TypoScript
        • getText
        • FLUIDTEMPLATE
      • Using Site Config in Conditions
        • TypoScript Examples
        • EXT:form Examples
      • CLI Tools for Site Handling
      • PHP API: Accessing Site Configuration
        • Accessing the Current Site Object
        • Finding a Site Object
        • The Site Object
        • The SiteLanguage Object
        • Pages Without Site Configuration
      • Extending Site Configuration
        • Adding Custom / Project Specific Options to Site Configuration
        • Extending the Form / GUI
    • Internationalization and Localization
      • Introduction
        • Label Access in PHP
      • Managing Translations
        • The TYPO3 Translation Server
        • Fetching Translations of TER Extensions
        • Translating Locally
        • Custom Translations
        • Custom Languages
        • Custom Translation Servers
      • XLIFF Format
        • Basics
        • File Locations and Naming
    • Authentication
      • Why Use Services?
      • The Authentication Process
      • The Login Data
      • The “auth” Services API
      • The Service Chain
      • Developing an Authentication Service
      • Advanced Options
    • Password Hashing
      • Introduction
      • Basic Knowledge
      • How does it look like?
      • Configuration
      • Configuration Options
      • Available Hash Algorithms
        • Argon2i
        • bcrypt
        • PBKDF2
        • phpass
        • blowfish
        • md5salt
      • PHP API
        • Creating a Hash
        • Checking a Password
        • Adding a new hash mechanism
    • Form Protection Tool
      • Usage in the Backend
      • Usage in the Install Tool
    • Update Wizards
      • The concept of Update Wizards
        • Best Practice
        • Examples
      • Creating Generic Update Wizards
        • Marking wizard as done
        • Registering wizard
        • Executing wizard
      • class.ext_update.php
    • Extension Scanner
      • Introduction
      • Quick Start
      • Goals and non Goals
      • Limits
      • Extension Authors
      • Project Developers
      • Core Developers
        • Connection to Changelog RST Files
        • Extension Scanner PHP Configuration
    • MetaTag API (SEO)
      • Using the Meta Tag API
      • Creating Your Own MetaTagManager
      • TypoScript and PHP
    • PageTitle API
      • Create Your Own PageTitleProvider
      • Define Priority of PageTitleProviders
    • XML Sitemap
      • Installation
      • How to Access Your XML Sitemap
      • XmlSitemapDataProviders
      • Create Your Own XmlSitemapDataProvider
    • Command Line Dispatcher (Symfony)
      • Creating a new Symfony Command in Your Extension
      • Running the Command From the Command Line
      • Running the Command From the Scheduler
    • Context API and Aspects
      • Introduction
        • DateTime Aspect
          • Example
        • Language Aspect
          • Example
        • User Aspect
          • Example
        • Visibility Aspect
          • Example
        • Workspace Aspect
          • Example
    • Context Sensitive Help (CSH)
      • The $TCA_DESCR Array
        • Keys in $TCA_DESCR
      • The Language Files for CSH
        • Syntax for Type Keys
        • Extending an Existing Label
      • Implementing CSH
        • For new Tables and Fields
        • Adding CSH for Fields Added to Existing Tables
        • For Modules
    • Enumerations
      • How To Use Enumerations
        • Create an Enumeration
        • Use an Enumeration
        • Exceptions
        • Implement Custom Logic
    • Feature Toggles
      • Naming of Feature Toggles
      • Using the API as Extension Author
      • Core Feature Toggles
      • Enable / Disable Feature Toggle
    • HTTP Request Library / Guzzle / PSR-7
      • Basic Usage
    • Hooks and Signals
      • The Concept of “Hooks” and “Signals”
        • Hooks and Signals vs. XCLASS Extensions
        • Proposing Hooks or Signals
        • Using Hooks
        • Using Signals
        • Finding Signals
      • Hook Configuration
        • $GLOBALS[‘TYPO3_CONF_VARS’][‘EXTCONF’]
        • $GLOBALS[‘TYPO3_CONF_VARS’][‘SC_OPTIONS’]
        • $GLOBALS[‘TYPO3_CONF_VARS’][‘TBE_MODULES_EXT’]
      • Creating Hooks
        • Using TYPO3CMSCoreUtilityGeneralUtility::makeInstance()
        • Using with TYPO3CMSCoreUtilityGeneralUtility::callUserFunction()
    • Icon API
      • Registration
        • IconProvider
      • Use Icons in Your Code
        • The PHP Way
        • The Fluid ViewHelper
        • The JavaScript way
      • Available Icons
        • Install Styleguide Extension
        • Use TYPO3.Icons
    • Locking API
      • Locking Strategies
        • Capabilities
        • Priorities
        • Examples
      • Usage in the Core
      • Extend Locking in Extensions
      • Caveats
        • FileLockStrategy & NFS
        • Multiple Servers & Cache Locking
      • Related Information
    • Mail API
      • Configuration
        • mail
        • smtp
        • sendmail
        • mbox
        • <classname>
      • How to Create and Send Mails
      • How to Add Attachments
      • How to Add Inline Media
      • How to Set and Use a Default Sender
      • SwiftMailer Documentation
    • Page Types
      • Create new Page Type
    • Rich Text Editors (RTE)
      • Rich Text Editors in the TYPO3 Backend
        • Introduction
        • Plugging a RTE
          • API for Rich Text Editors
      • Transformations
        • Introduction
          • Hybrid Modes
            • In Database
            • In RTE
          • Configuration
          • Where Transformations are Performed
        • Process Illustration
          • Step 1: The RTE Applications
          • Step 2: The RTE-specific Transformation
          • Step 3: The Main Transformation
          • Step 4: The Database
          • Step 5: Rendering the Website
          • Step 6: The Website
          • Content Examples
        • Transformation Overview
          • Transformation Filters
          • Meta Transformations
        • Custom Transformations API
          • Custom Transformation Key
          • Registering the Transformation Key in the System
          • Code Listing
      • Historical Perspective on RTE Transformations
        • Properties and Transformations
        • RTE Transformations in Content Elements
          • Conclusion
    • Session Storage Framework
      • Database Storage Backend
      • Using Redis to Store Sessions
      • Writing Your Own Session Storage
      • References
    • Services
      • Introduction
        • Two Reasons to Use Services
        • 1. Freedom of Implementation
        • 2. Extend Functionality with Extensions
      • Using Services
        • Service Precedence
        • Simple Use
        • Use With Subtypes
        • Calling a Chain of Services
      • Configuration
        • Registration Changes
        • Service Configuration
        • Service Type Configuration
      • Developer’s Guide
        • Introducing a New Service Type
        • Implementing a Service
          • Service Registration
          • PHP Class
        • Service API
          • Service Implementation
          • Getter Methods for Service Information
          • Error Handling
          • General Service Functions
          • I/O Tools
          • I/O Input and I/O Output
        • Service-related API
          • \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility
          • \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility
    • Soft References
      • Default soft reference parsers
        • substitute
        • notify
        • images
        • typolink
        • typolink_tag
        • ext_fileref
        • email
        • url
      • User-defined Soft Reference Parsers
    • System Categories
      • Using Categories
        • Managing Categories
        • Making a Table Categorizable
      • Using Categories in FlexForms
      • System Categories API
      • Category Collections
      • Usage With TypoScript
    • System Collections
      • Record Collections
      • File Collections
      • Collections API
      • Example
    • Using the System Registry
      • The Registry Table (sys_registry)
      • The registry API
        • Examples
    • Versioning and Workspaces
      • Frontend Challenges in General
        • Summary
      • Frontend Implementation Guidelines
      • Frontend Scenarios Impossible to Preview
      • Backend Challenges
        • Workspace-related API for Backend Modules
      • Backend Module Access
      • Detecting Current Workspace
      • Using DataHandler With Workspaces
      • Moving in Workspaces
    • Extending Classes (XCLASSes)
      • Introduction
      • How Does it Work?
      • Limitations
      • Declaration
      • Coding Practices
  • Examples
    • Debugging
    • Rendering Page Trees
    • Accessing the Clipboard
      • Putting Elements Into the Clipboard
    • Context-Sensitive Menus
      • Context Menu Rendering Flow
        • Markup
        • ContextMenuController
          • Item providers registration
          • Gathering items
        • Menu rendering in JavaScript
      • API usage in the Core
      • Adding Context Menu to Elements in Your Backend Module
      • Disabling Context Menu Items from TSConfig
      • Tutorial: How to Add a Custom Context Menu Item
        • Step 1: Item Provider Registration
        • Step 2: Implementation of the Item Provider Class
        • Step 3: JavaScript Actions
    • Parsing HTML
      • Extracting Blocks From an HTML Document
      • Extracting Single Tags
      • Cleaning HTML Content
      • Advanced Processing
    • Links to Edit Records
      • Editing a Record
      • Editing Only a Few Fields From a Record
      • Creating a Form for New Elements
    • Support for Custom Tables in the Page Module
    • Adding Elements to the Content Element Wizard
      • Add Your Plugin to Different Tab
    • Using Custom Permission Options
      • Registration
      • Evaluation
      • Keys for Options
  • Security Guidelines
    • Introduction
      • Reporting a security issue
      • Target audience
    • The TYPO3 Security Team
      • Report a security issue
      • Review of your extension
      • Incident handling
        • TYPO3 core system
        • TYPO3 extensions
    • General Information
      • TYPO3 versions and lifecycle
      • Difference between core and extensions
      • Announcement of updates and security fixes
      • Security bulletins
        • Public Service Announcements
        • Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)
    • Types of Security Threats
      • Information disclosure
      • Identity theft
      • SQL injection
      • Code injection
      • Authentication bypass
      • Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
      • Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF)
    • General Guidelines
      • Secure Passwords
      • Operating System and Browser Version
      • Communication
      • React Quickly
      • Keep the TYPO3 Core up-to-date
      • Keep TYPO3 Extensions Up-to-date
      • Use Staging Servers for Developments and Tests
    • Guidelines for System Administrators
      • Role definition
      • General rules
      • Integrity of TYPO3 packages
      • File/directory permissions
      • Restrict access to files on a server-level
        • Verification of access restrictions
        • Apache and Microsoft IIS web servers
        • NGINX web servers
      • Directory indexing
      • Database access
      • Encrypted client/server communication
      • Other services
      • Further actions
    • Guidelines for TYPO3 Integrators
      • Role definition
      • General rules
      • Install Tool
        • TYPO3 core updates
      • Encryption key
      • Global TYPO3 configuration options
        • cookieSecure
        • displayErrors
        • devIPmask
        • enabledBeUserIPLock
        • fileDenyPattern
        • lockIP
        • lockSSL
        • IPmaskList
        • trustedHostsPattern
        • warning_email_addr
        • warning_mode
      • Security-related warnings after login
      • Reports and Logs
      • Users and access privileges
        • Backend
        • Frontend
      • TYPO3 extensions
        • Stable and reviewed extensions
        • Executable binaries shipped with extensions
        • Remove unused extensions and other code
        • Low-level extensions
        • Check for extension updates regularly
        • Security-related core extensions
        • Other security-related extensions
      • TypoScript
        • SQL injection
        • Cross-site scripting (XSS)
        • External file inclusion
        • Clickjacking
        • Integrity of external JavaScript files
        • Risk of externally hosted JavaScript libraries
      • Content elements
    • Guidelines for Editors
      • Role definition
      • General rules
      • Backend access
        • Username
        • Password
        • Administrator privileges
        • Notify at login
        • Lock to IP address(es)
      • Restriction to required functions
      • Secure connection
      • Logout
    • Backup Strategy
      • Components included in the backups
      • Time plan and retention time
      • Backup location
      • Further considerations
    • Detect, Analyze and Repair a Hacked Site
      • Detect a hacked website
        • Manipulated frontpage
        • Malicious code in the HTML source
        • Embedded elements in the site’s content
        • Unusual traffic increase or decrease
        • Reports from visitors or users
        • Search engines or browsers warn about your site
        • Leaked credentials
      • Take the website offline
      • Analyze
      • Repair/restore
      • Further actions
  • Testing
    • History
      • Introduction
      • 2009
      • 2012
      • 2013
      • 2014
      • 2015
      • 2016
      • 2017
      • 2018
      • 2019
    • Core testing
      • Introduction
      • System dependencies
      • Quick start
      • Overview
      • A runTests.sh run
      • Examples
      • Debugging
    • Extension testing
      • Introduction
      • Scope
      • General strategy
      • Testing enetcache
        • Starting point
        • Preparing composer.json
        • runTests.sh and docker-compose.yml
        • Travis CI
      • Testing styleguide
        • Basic setup
        • Functional testing
        • Acceptance testing
        • travis-ci
    • Project testing
      • Introduction
      • Project site-introduction
      • Local acceptance testing
      • Travis CI
      • Summary
    • Writing unit tests
      • Introduction
      • When to unit tests
      • When not to unit tests
      • Unit test conventions
      • Keep it simple
      • Extending UnitTestCase
      • General hints
      • A casual data provider
      • Mocking
      • Static dependencies
      • Exception handling
    • Writing functional tests
      • Introduction
      • Overview
      • Simple Example
      • Extending setUp
      • Loaded extensions
      • Database fixtures
      • Asserting database
      • Loading files
      • Setting TYPO3_CONF_VARS
      • Frontend tests
    • Writing acceptance tests
      • Introduction
      • Set up
      • Backend login
      • Frames
      • PageTree
      • ModalDialog
    • FAQ
      • Introduction
      • Why do you docker everything?
      • Docker consumes too much hard disk
      • Why do you need runTests.sh?
      • Is a generic runTests.sh available?
      • Why don’t you use runTests.sh in bamboo?
      • Why do you not use native PHP on Travis CI?
      • Functional tests set up own instances in typo3temp?
      • Can I provide more hardware for bamboo?
      • Testing is slow on macOS
      • Can i run tests with Windows?
  • Coding Guidelines
    • Introduction
      • The CGL as a Means of Quality Assurance
      • General Recommendations
        • Setup IDE / Editor
          • EditorConfig
    • PHP Coding Guidelines
      • PHP File Formatting
        • General Requirements for PHP Files
          • File Names
          • PHP Tags
          • Line Breaks
          • Line Length
          • Whitespace and Indentation
          • Character Set
        • File Structure
          • Namespace
          • Copyright Notice
          • Namespace Imports
          • Class Information Block
          • PHP Class
          • Optional Module Execution Code
        • PHP Syntax Formatting
          • Identifiers
          • Comments
          • Debug Output
          • Curly Braces
          • Conditions
          • Switch
          • Loops
          • Strings
          • Booleans
          • NULL
          • Arrays
          • PHP Features
          • Global Variables
          • Functions
        • Using phpDoc
          • Class Information Block
          • Function Information Block
            • Short and Long Description
      • PHP Architecture
        • Modeling Cross Cutting Concerns
          • Static Methods, static Classes, Utility Classes
            • Characteristica
            • Rationale
            • Good Examples
            • Bad Examples
            • Red Flags
          • Traits
            • Characteristica
            • Rationale
            • Good Examples
            • Bad Examples
            • Further Reading
          • Services
            • Characteristica
            • Rationale
            • Good Examples
            • Bad Examples
            • Further Reading
        • Working With Exceptions
          • Introduction
          • Exception Types
            • Typical Cases for Exceptions That are Designed to be Caught
            • Typical Cases for Exceptions That Should not be Caught
          • Typical Exception Arguments
          • Exception Inheritance
          • Extending Exceptions
          • Good Examples
          • Bad Examples
        • General Links
      • Coding: Best practices
        • Accessing the Database
        • Singletons
        • Static Methods
          • Example
        • Localization
          • Defining Localized Strings
        • Unit Tests
          • Unit Test Files
          • Using Unit Tests
          • Adding Unit Tests
          • Conventions for Unit Tests
        • Handling Deprecation
        • Namespaces and Class Names of User Files
        • Hook Naming
    • JavaScript Coding Guidelines
      • Directories and Filenames
      • Format
      • More Information
    • TypeScript Coding Guidelines
      • Directories and File Names
      • Format
      • More information
    • TypoScript Coding Guidelines
      • Directory and file Names
      • Format
      • More Information
    • Xliff Coding Guidelines
      • Directory and File Names
      • Format
      • More Information
    • Yaml Coding Guidelines
      • Directory and File Names
      • Format
      • More Information
    • reStructuredText (reST)
      • Directory and File Names
      • Format
      • More Information
  • Data Formats
    • <T3DataStructure>
      • Elements
        • Elements Nesting Other Elements (“Array” Elements)
        • Elements Containing Values (“Value” Elements)
        • Example
      • Sheet References
        • Example
      • Parsing a Data Structure
  • Sitemap
  • Link Targets
TYPO3 Explained
  • Docs »
  • Coding Guidelines »
  • PHP Coding Guidelines
  • Edit me on GitHub
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PHP Coding Guidelines ¶

  • PHP File Formatting
    • General Requirements for PHP Files
    • File Structure
    • PHP Syntax Formatting
    • Using phpDoc
  • PHP Architecture
    • Modeling Cross Cutting Concerns
      • Static Methods, static Classes, Utility Classes
      • Traits
      • Services
    • Working With Exceptions
    • General Links
  • Coding: Best practices
    • Accessing the Database
    • Singletons
    • Static Methods
    • Localization
    • Unit Tests
    • Handling Deprecation
    • Namespaces and Class Names of User Files
    • Hook Naming
Next Previous

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