PHP and TypoScript 

ContentObjectRenderer 

ContentObjectRenderer::cObjGetSingle(value, properties[, TSkey = '__']) 

A method of \TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\ContentObjectRenderer. Gets a content object from the $conf array.

Example: 

$content = $cObjectRenderer->cObjGetSingle($conf['image'], $conf['image.'], 'My Image 2');
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This would return any IMAGE cObject at the property image of the $conf array for the include script!

ContentObjectRenderer::stdWrap(value, properties) 

A method of \TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\ContentObjectRenderer.

Hands the content in "value" to the stdWrap function, which will process it according to the configuration of the array "properties".

Example: 

$content = $cObjectRenderer->stdWrap($content, $conf['stdWrap.']);
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This will stdWrap the content with the properties of .stdWrap of the $conf array!