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Introduction¶
Looking at TYPO3's main constructs from an abstract position, the system splits into three most important pillars:
- DataHandler
TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\...
: Construct taking care of persisting data into the database. The DataHandler takes an array representing one or more records, inserts, deletes or updates them in the database and takes care of relations between multiple records. If editing content in the backend, this construct does all main database munging. DataHandler is fed by some controller that most often getsGET
orPOST
data from FormEngine.- FormEngine
TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\...
: FormEngine renders records, usually in the backend. It creates all the HTML needed to edit complex data and data relations. ItsGET
orPOST
data is then fed to the DataHandler by some controller.- Frontend rendering
TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\...
: Renders the website frontend. The frontend rendering, usually based onTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController
usesTypoScript
and / orFluid
to process and render database content into the frontend.
The glue between these three pillars is TCA (Table Configuration Array): It defines how database tables are constructed, which localization or workspace facilities exist, how it should be displayed in the backend, how it should be written to the database, and - next to TypoScript - which behaviour it has in the frontend.
This chapter is about FormEngine. It is important to understand this construct is based on TCA and is usually used in combination with the DataHandler. However, FormEngine is constructed in a way that it can work without DataHandler: A controller could use the FormEngine result and process it differently. Furthermore, all dependencies of FormEngine are abstracted and may come from "elsewhere", still leading to the form output known for casual records.
This makes FormEngine an incredible flexible construct. The basic idea is "feed something that looks like TCA and render forms that have the full power of TCA but look like all other parts of the backend".
The FormEngine code base has been significantly refactored in TYPO3 CMS version 7 and version 8 to be much more flexible, more easy to use and extend, and much more powerful than before. This is an ongoing process and some areas still need a major overhaul. The current state of the documentation aims to explain the main constructs of FormEngine and gives an insight on how to re-use, adapt and extend it with extensions. The core team expects to see more usages of FormEngine within core itself and within extensions in the future, and encourages developers to solve feature needs based on FormEngine. With the ongoing changes, those areas that may need code adaptions in the foreseeable future have notes within the documentation and developers should be available to adapt with younger cores. Watch out for breaking changes if using FormEngine and updating core.