Extbase introduction
What is Extbase?
Extbase is provided via a TYPO3 system extension (typo3-cms/extbase). Extbase is a framework within the TYPO3 Core. The framework is based on the software pattern MVC (model-view-controller) and uses ORM (object relational modeling).
Extbase can be and is often used in combination with the Fluid templating engine, but Fluid can also be used without Extbase. Backend modules and plugins can be implemented using Extbase, but can also be done with TYPO3 Core native functionality. Extbase is not a prerequisite for extension development. In most cases, using Extbase means writing less code, but the performance may suffer.
Key parts of Extbase are the Object Relational Model (ORM), automatic validation and its "Property Mapper".
When Extbase was released, it was introduced as the modern way to program extensions and the "old" way (pibase) was propagated as outdated. When we look at this today, it is not entirely true: Extbase is a good fit for some specific types of extensions and there are always alternatives. For some use cases it is not a good fit at all and the extension can and should be developed without Extbase.
Thus, many things, such as backend modules or plugins can be done "the Extbase way" or "the Core way". This is a design decision, the extension developer must make for the specific use case.
Attention
Extbase is one of many options in the "toolbox" of TYPO3 extension development.
TYPO3 is flexible, often provides several approaches for one thing and it is up to the extension developer to make an informed choice.
Extbase or not?
When to use Extbase and when to use other methods?
As a rule of thumb (which should not be blindly followed but gives some guidance):
Use Extbase if you:
- wish to get started quickly, e.g. using the extension_builder
- are a beginner or do not have much experience with TYPO3
- want to create a "classic" Extbase extension with plugins and (possibly) backend modules (as created with the extension_builder)
Do not use Extbase
- if performance might be an issue with the "classic" Extbase approach
- if there is no benefit from using the Extbase approach
- if you are writing an extension where Extbase does not add any or much value, e.g. an extension consisting only of Backend modules, a site package, a collection of content elements, an Extension which is used as a command line tool.
There is also the possibility to use a "mixed" approach, e.g. use Extbase controllers, but do not use the persistence of Extbase. Use TYPO3 QueryBuilder (which is based on doctrine/dbal) instead. With Extbase persistence or with other ORM approaches, you may run into performance problems. The database tables are mapped to "Model" objects which are acquired via "Repository" classes. This often means more is fetched, mapped and allocated than necessary. Especially if there are large tables and/or many relations, this may cause performance problems. Some can be circumvented by using "lazy initialization" which is supported within Extbase.
However, if you use the "mixed" approach, you will not get some of the advantages of Extbase and have to write more code yourself.
See also
For more information to get started with Extension development, see Creating a new extension.